Springe zum Inhalt

Dossier

Evaluation der Arbeitsmarktpolitik

Arbeitsmarktpolitik soll neben der Wirtschafts- und Strukturpolitik sowie der Arbeitszeit- und Lohnpolitik einen Beitrag zur Bewältigung der Arbeitslosigkeit leisten. Aber ist sie dabei auch erfolgreich und stehen die eingebrachten Mittel in einem angemessenen Verhältnis zu den erzielten Wirkungen? Die Evaluationsforschung geht der Frage nach den Beschäftigungseffekten und den sozialpolitischen Wirkungen auf individueller und gesamtwirtschaftlicher Ebene nach. Das Dossier bietet weiterführende Informationen zu Evaluationsmethoden und den Wirkungen von einzelnen Maßnahmen für verschiedene Zielgruppen.

Zurück zur Übersicht
Ergebnisse pro Seite: 20 | 50 | 100
im Aspekt "Osteuropa"
  • Literaturhinweis

    German labor market reform and the rise of Eastern Europe: dissecting their effects on employment (2023)

    Walter, Timo ;

    Zitatform

    Walter, Timo (2023): German labor market reform and the rise of Eastern Europe: dissecting their effects on employment. In: Empirica, Jg. 50, H. 2, S. 351-387. DOI:10.1007/s10663-023-09569-w

    Abstract

    "From the early 1990s until 2005 the unemployment rate rose in Germany from 7.3 to 11.7%. While the unemployment rate reached its peak in 2005, it decreased steadily in the following years. The fourth stage of the German labor market reform (Hartz IV) was implemented in 2005 with the intent to cut the unemployment rate. This paper investigates the employment and welfare effects of the Hartz IV reform. Moreover, I am interested in the employment impact of German labor market reform due the rise of the East, which is the productivity increase in Germany and Eastern Europe that has fostered joint fast-growing trade. The focus lies on the national and county level (including 402 counties). As the effects on regional labor markets differ and take time, the paper builds on the dynamic and spatial trade model of Caliendo et al. (2019). I find that the Hartz IV reform is responsible for a 25% drop in unemployment, with a particular impact on eastern German counties. The rise of the East leads to an additional positive contribution to the labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

    mehr Informationen
    weniger Informationen
  • Literaturhinweis

    Labour-market institutions, (un)employment, wages, and growth: theory and data (2018)

    Afonso, Óscar ; Bandeira, Ana Maria ; Magalhães, Manuela ;

    Zitatform

    Afonso, Óscar, Ana Maria Bandeira & Manuela Magalhães (2018): Labour-market institutions, (un)employment, wages, and growth. Theory and data. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 50, H. 6, S. 613-633. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2017.1332748

    Abstract

    "We analyse the implications of labour-market institutions on wage inequality in favour of skilled labour, on relative unemployment of unskilled labour, and on the economic growth rate in two clusters resulting from 27 OECD countries: Cluster 1, closely related with the Anglo-Saxon model, and Cluster 2, dominated by the Continental-European model. By linking the unskilled wage to the skilled one in Cluster 2, due to the indexation of social benefits to per-capita income, we accommodate the observed paths of the three variables in both clusters between 1991 and 2008: Cluster 1 presents a higher wage inequality in favour of skilled labour, a lower unemployment of the unskilled labour, and a better economic growth rate." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    mehr Informationen
    weniger Informationen
  • Literaturhinweis

    Living and working in Europe 2017 (2018)

    Zitatform

    European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (2018): Living and working in Europe 2017. (Eurofound yearbook : living and working in Europe), Dublin, IV, 81 S. DOI:10.2806/603802

    Abstract

    "Living and working in Europe, Eurofound's 2017 yearbook, provides a snapshot of the latest developments in the work and lives of Europeans as recounted in the Agency's research activities over the course of 2017. As economies recover, Eurofound reported on the positive trends in employment, with rising numbers in work and a continued expansion of employment in good jobs. It also provided an updated account of quality of life in Europe post-crisis, showing that on many dimensions Europeans are doing as well as before the crisis, if not better. Challenges remain, nevertheless: labour markets are beset by long-term unemployment, underemployment and high levels of inactivity; quality of life in many dimensions is poor within certain population groups, and disparities between countries are sometimes stark. Eurofound's work provides a reservoir of knowledge to inform policymakers at EU and national levels in addressing such challenges. The yearbook is accompanied by the Consolidated annual activity report of the Authorising Officer for 2017, which is the Agency's formal reporting on operations, staff and budgets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    mehr Informationen
    weniger Informationen
  • Literaturhinweis

    What active labour market programmes work for immigrants in Europe?: a meta-analysis of the evaluation literature (2014)

    Butschek, Sebastian; Walter, Thomas;

    Zitatform

    Butschek, Sebastian & Thomas Walter (2014): What active labour market programmes work for immigrants in Europe? A meta-analysis of the evaluation literature. In: IZA journal of migration, Jg. 3, S. 1-18. DOI:10.1186/s40176-014-0023-6

    Abstract

    "In vielen europäischen Ländern sind Immigranten eine benachteiligte Gruppe auf dem Arbeitsmarkt. Sie sind häufig in Arbeitslosigkeit überrepräsentiert und in Beschäftigung unterrepräsentiert. Um die Beschäftigungschancen von Immigranten zu erhöhen, setzen europäische Regierungen auf vielfältige Maßnahmen der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik. Diese beinhalten Sprach- und Integrationskurse, Unterstützungsmaßnahmen bei der Jobsuche, Trainingsmaßnahmen sowie subventionierte Beschäftigung im öffentlichen und privaten Sektor. Eine wachsende Anzahl an empirischen Evaluationsstudien untersucht die Beschäftigungseffekte dieser arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen für Immigranten. Bisher ergibt sich daraus allerdings noch kein klares Bild, welche Maßnahmen für die Arbeitsmarktintegration von Immigranten förderlich sind und welche nicht. Um den politischen Entscheidungsträgern zu helfen, die Maßnahmen effizient einzusetzen, verdichten wir die Ergebnisse der vorhandenen Studien durch eine Meta-Analyse. Eine Meta-Analyse ermöglicht es zu identifizieren, in welchem Maße bestimmte Elemente der zugrunde liegenden Studien (z. B. die untersuchten Maßnahmen, die verwendeten Methoden und Daten) Einfluss auf die Ergebnisse haben, zu denen diese Studien gelangen. In unserer Analyse sind wir am Einfluss des untersuchten Maßnahmentyps auf die Beschäftigungschancen der teilnehmenden Immigranten interessiert. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass nur der Einsatz von Lohnsubventionen im privaten Sektor als beschäftigungswirksam für Immigranten eingestuft werden kann. Die meisten Evaluationsstudien ermitteln für Lohnsubventionen positive Beschäftigungseffekte. Evaluationen von Trainingsmaßnahmen finden hingegen überwiegend insignifikante Effekte. Dasselbe gilt für Unterstützungsmaßnahmen bei der Jobsuche und subventionierte Beschäftigung im öffentlichen Sektor." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

    mehr Informationen
    weniger Informationen
  • Literaturhinweis

    Do employment subsidies work?: evidence from regionally targeted subsidies in Turkey (2010)

    Betcherman, Gordon; Daysal, N. Meltem; Pages, Carmen;

    Zitatform

    Betcherman, Gordon, N. Meltem Daysal & Carmen Pages (2010): Do employment subsidies work? Evidence from regionally targeted subsidies in Turkey. In: Labour economics, Jg. 17, H. 4, S. 710-722. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2009.12.002

    Abstract

    "This paper studies the effects on registered employment and number of registered establishments of two employment subsidy schemes in Turkey. We implement a difference-in-differences methodology to construct appropriate counterfactuals for the covered provinces. Our findings suggest that both subsidy programs did lead to significant net increases in registered jobs in eligible provinces (5% - 13% for the first program and 11% - 15% for the second). However, the cost of the actual job creation was high because of substantial deadweight losses, particularly for the first program (47% and 78%). Because of better design features, the second subsidy program had lower, though still significant, deadweight losses (27% - 46%). Although constrained by data availability, the evidence suggests that the dominant effect of subsidies was to increase social security registration of firms and workers rather than boosting total employment and economic activity. This supports the theory that in countries with weak enforcement institutions, high labor taxes on low-wage workers may lead to substantial incentives for firms and workers to operate informally." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    mehr Informationen
    weniger Informationen
  • Literaturhinweis

    The effectiveness of European active labor market programs (2010)

    Kluve, Jochen;

    Zitatform

    Kluve, Jochen (2010): The effectiveness of European active labor market programs. In: Labour economics, Jg. 17, H. 6, S. 904-918. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2010.02.004

    Abstract

    "Active Labor Market Programs are widely used in European countries, but despite many econometric evaluation studies analyzing particular programs no conclusive cross-country evidence exists regarding 'what program works for what target group under what (economic and institutional) circumstances?'. This paper aims at answering this question using a meta-analysis based on a data set that comprises 137 program evaluations from 19 countries. The empirical results of the meta-analysis are surprisingly clear-cut: Rather than contextual factors such as labor market institutions or the business cycle, it is almost exclusively the program type that seems to matter for program effectiveness. While direct employment programs in the public sector frequently appear detrimental, wage subsidies and 'Services and Sanctions' can be effective in increasing participants' employment probability. Training programs - the most commonly used type of active policy - show modestly positive effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    mehr Informationen
    weniger Informationen
  • Literaturhinweis

    Disentangling treatment effects of active labor market policies: the role of labor force status sequences (2008)

    Kluve, Jochen; Lehmann, Hartmut ; Schmidt, Christoph M.;

    Zitatform

    Kluve, Jochen, Hartmut Lehmann & Christoph M. Schmidt (2008): Disentangling treatment effects of active labor market policies. The role of labor force status sequences. In: Labour economics, Jg. 15, H. 6, S. 1270-1295. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2007.12.002

    Abstract

    "This paper estimates treatment effects of two active labor market policies - a training program and a wage subsidy scheme - on participants' employment probabilities. The analysis is based on unique data from the 18th wave of the Polish Labor Force Survey containing detailed and extensive individual labor force status histories. We discuss two variants of an exact covariate matching procedure adapted to the specific nature of the data. Our study confirms and reinforces a point raised in recent research [Heckman, J.J., Smith, J.A. The Pre-programme Earnings Dip and the Determinants of Participation in a Social Programme: Implications for Simple Programme Evaluation Strategies. The Economic Journal 1999; 109; 313-348., Heckman, J.J., Smith, J.A. The Determinants of Participation in a Social Program: Evidence from a Prototypical Job Training Program. Journal of Labor Economics 2004; 22; 243-298.], that pre-treatment labor force status dynamics play a decisive role in determining program participation. We implement a conditional difference-in-differences estimator of treatment effects based on these individual trinomial sequences of pre-treatment labor market status. The estimator employs a 'moving window' technique that nicely controls for changes in the macroeconomic environment over time. Our findings suggest that training raises individual employment probability, while wage subsidies display negative treatment effects for participants in the Polish case." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    mehr Informationen
    weniger Informationen
  • Literaturhinweis

    A stock-flow matching approach to evaluation of public training programme in a high unemployment environment (2007)

    Dmitrijeva, Jekaterina; Hazans, Mihails;

    Zitatform

    Dmitrijeva, Jekaterina & Mihails Hazans (2007): A stock-flow matching approach to evaluation of public training programme in a high unemployment environment. In: Labour, Jg. 21, H. 3, S. 503-540.

    Abstract

    "Monthly panel (1998-2003) data from regional labour offices in Latvia are used to analyse the matching process in a high unemployment-low labour demand environment and to evaluate the impact of active labour market policy programmes on outflows from unemployment. Results suggest that the hiring process is driven by a stock-flow rather than by a traditional matching function: the stock of unemployed at the beginning of the month and flow of vacancies arriving during the month are the key determinants of outflows from unemployment to employment, whereas stock of vacancies and inflow of unemployed do not play any significant role. We find positive and significant effect of training programmes on outflows from unemployment to employment, thus providing strong evidence against cuts in training expenditures." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    mehr Informationen
    weniger Informationen
  • Literaturhinweis

    Schwerpunktthemen der EALE-Konferenz: eine Zusammenfassung (2002)

    Blien, Uwe ; Möller, Joachim; Litzel, Nicole;

    Zitatform

    Blien, Uwe, Nicole Litzel & Joachim Möller (2002): Schwerpunktthemen der EALE-Konferenz. Eine Zusammenfassung. In: U. Blien & J. Möller (Hrsg.) (2002): Europäische Arbeitsmärkte und Arbeitsmarkttheorie : Beiträge zur 11. Jahreskonferenz der European Association of Labour Economists (EALE) in Regensburg (Beiträge zur Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, 254), S. 111-142.

    Abstract

    Der Beitrag enthält die Zusammenfassungen einiger ausgewählter Referate der EALE-Konferenz 1999 in Regensburg. Die Vorträge beschäftigen sich mit folgenden Themen:
    -Arbeitsmarkteffekte des Strukturwandels
    -Informationstechnologie und Arbeitsmarkt
    -Analysen von Arbeitsmarktvorgängen mit Betriebs- und Firmendaten
    -Regionale Arbeitsmärkte
    -Evaluation arbeitsmarktpolitischer Maßnahmen. (IAB)

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Blien, Uwe ; Möller, Joachim;
    mehr Informationen
    weniger Informationen
  • Literaturhinweis

    Advantage through training in Poland?: a microeconometric evaluation of the employment effects of training and job subsidy programmes (2002)

    Puhani, Patrick A.;

    Zitatform

    Puhani, Patrick A. (2002): Advantage through training in Poland? A microeconometric evaluation of the employment effects of training and job subsidy programmes. In: Labour, Jg. 16, H. 3, S. 569-608. DOI:10.1111/1467-9914.00209

    Abstract

    "I estimate the employment effects of publicly financed training and intervention works (subsidized employment) programmes in Poland. The analysis is based on the Polish Labour Force Survey (PLFS). Two widely applied approaches to identify causal effects are used. The results are qualitatively invariant with respect to the applied methodology. I find some evidence that training improves the employment opportunities of both men and women, whereas intervention works do not. Previous findings using PLFS data thus seem to be robust. The contrary view expressed by other authors on intervention works (subsidized employment) is likely to stem from the different data source (on only some Polish regions and with fewer control variables) used by them and does not seem to be related to the estimation strategy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    mehr Informationen
    weniger Informationen

Aspekt auswählen:

Aspekt zurücksetzen