Zitatform

Aumond, Romain, Valerio Di Tommaso & Gerhard Rünstler (2022): A narrative database of labour market reforms in euro area economies. (Working paper series / European Central Bank 2657), Frankfurt am Main, 61 S.

Abstract

"We present a quarterly narrative database of important labour market reforms in selected euro area economies in between 1995 and 2018 covering 60 events. We provide legal adoption and implementation dates of major reforms to employment protection legislation and unemployment benefits. Estimates based on local projections find negative short-run effects of liberalising reforms on wages, while the employment effects of reforms differ markedly across age groups and partly depend on the state of the economy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Ferragina, Emanuele & Federico Danilo Filetti (2022): Labour market protection across space and time: A revised typology and a taxonomy of countries' trajectories of change. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 32, H. 2, S. 148-165. DOI:10.1177/09589287211056222

Abstract

"We measure and interpret the evolution of labour market protection across 21 high-income countries over three decades, employing as conceptual foundations the ‘regime varieties’ and ‘trajectories of change’ developed by Esping-Andersen, Estevez-Abe, Hall and Soskice, and Thelen. We measure labour market protection considering four institutional dimensions – employment protection, unemployment protection, income maintenance and activation – and the evolution of the workforce composition. This measurement accounts for the joint evolution of labour market institutions, their complementarities and their relation to outcomes, and mitigate the unrealistic Average Production Worker assumption. We handle the multi-dimensional nature of labour market protection with Principal Component Analysis and capture the characteristics of countries’ trajectories of change with a composite score. We contribute to the literature in three ways. (1) We portray a revised typology that accounts for processes of change between 1990 and 2015, and that clusters regime varieties on the basis of coordination and solidarity levels, that is, Central/Northern European, Southern European, liberal. (2) We illustrate that, despite a persistent gap, a large majority of Coordinated Market Economies experiencing a decline in the level of labour market protection became more similar to Liberal Market Economies. (3) We develop a fivefold taxonomy of countries’ trajectories of change (liberalization, dualization, flexibility, de-dualization and higher protection), showing that these trajectories are not always path-dependent and consistent with regime varieties previously developed in the literature." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Benda, Luc, Ferry Koster & Romke van der Veen (2019): Levelling the playing field? Active labour market policies, educational attainment and unemployment. In: The International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, Jg. 39, H. 3/4, S. 276-295. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-08-2018-0138

Abstract

"The purpose of this paper is to investigate how active labour market policy (ALMP) training programmes and hiring subsidies increase or decrease differences in the unemployment risk between lesser and higher educated people during an economic downturn. A focus is put on potential job competition dynamics and cumulative (dis)advantages of the lesser and higher educated" (Author's abstract, © Emerald Group) ((en))

Zitatform

Bown, Chad P. & Caroline Freund (2019): Active labor market policies. Lessons from other countries for the United States. (Working paper / Peterson Institute for International Economics 2019-02), Washington, DC, 12 S.

Abstract

"US labor force participation has been weak in recent decades, especially during the recovery of the financial crisis of 2007 - 09. This paper examines several programs that governments in other advanced industrial countries have established to help jobless workers continue to seek employment, not drop out of the labor force, and ultimately find jobs. These programs more actively support out-of-work citizens by facilitating matches between workers and firms, helping workers in their job searches, and sometimes creating jobs when none are available in the private sector. The evidence presented in this paper concludes that job placement services, training, wage subsidies, and other labor adjustment policies can be used to successfully help workers find employment and remain tied to the labor market. By contrast, direct job creation through public works projects and other government programs are less effective in helping workers over the long run." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Bilbao-Ubillos, Javier, Jesús-Luis Alsasua, Gurutze Intxaurburu & Miren Ullibarri-Arce (2018): Labour market regulations and high quality employment in EU-15 countries. In: Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, Jg. 31, H. 3, S. 207-226. DOI:10.1080/13511610.2017.1384366

Abstract

"The elements that we usually include under the concept of 'labour market institutions' exert a clear influence on the workings of the labour market. However, the assessment of labour market policies and institutions remains mostly focused on their impact on the quantity of jobs, while people's well-being depends crucially on how good their jobs are. This paper is a modest attempt to contribute some evidence and insight to the debate on the effects that particular institutional configurations have on the generation of high-quality employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Abstract

"How to stimulate growth and support job creation are two critical challenges that countries and localities confront and limited resources require lateral thinking about how actions in one area, such as employment and training, can have simultaneous benefits in others, such as creating new jobs and better supporting labour market inclusion. The OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Programme has developed an international cross-comparative study, which examines the contribution of local labour market policy to boosting quality employment.
Each country review examines the capacity of employment services and training providers to contribute to a long-term strategy which strengthens the resiliency of the local economy, increases skills levels and job quality. In Ireland, the review has looked at the range of institutions and bodies involved in employment and skills policies. In-depth work was undertaken in the Dublin and South East regions. The working paper outlines a number of recommendations and actions to promote job creation at the national and local levels." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Kluve, Jochen (2010): The effectiveness of European active labor market programs. In: Labour economics, Jg. 17, H. 6, S. 904-918. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2010.02.004

Abstract

"Active Labor Market Programs are widely used in European countries, but despite many econometric evaluation studies analyzing particular programs no conclusive cross-country evidence exists regarding 'what program works for what target group under what (economic and institutional) circumstances?'. This paper aims at answering this question using a meta-analysis based on a data set that comprises 137 program evaluations from 19 countries. The empirical results of the meta-analysis are surprisingly clear-cut: Rather than contextual factors such as labor market institutions or the business cycle, it is almost exclusively the program type that seems to matter for program effectiveness. While direct employment programs in the public sector frequently appear detrimental, wage subsidies and 'Services and Sanctions' can be effective in increasing participants' employment probability. Training programs - the most commonly used type of active policy - show modestly positive effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Girma, Sourafel, Holger Görg, Eric Strobl & Frank Walsh (2008): Creating jobs through public subsidies. An empirical analysis. In: Labour economics, Jg. 15, H. 6, S. 1179-1199. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2007.11.002

Abstract

"This paper analyses the impact of government grants on labour demand using plant level data for manufacturing industry in Ireland. Our data consists of a large sample of plants and their complete grant history. We provide evidence that additional employment is created over and above the level that would have prevailed in the absence of grant payments. We also find differences in the employment response to subsidies between domestic and foreign-owned plants, with the former creating more additional jobs per euro of grant payment. Simple cost-benefit analysis reveals that a large part of the costs of grants appears to be recouped in additional wage streams under reasonable assumptions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Tatsiramos, Konstantinos (2006): Unemployment insurance in Europe. Unemployment duration and subsequent employment stability. (IZA discussion paper 2280), Bonn, 43 S.

Abstract

"The empirical literature on unemployment insurance has focused on its direct effect on unemployment duration, while the potential indirect effect on employment stability through a more efficient matching process, as the unemployed can search for a longer period, has attracted much less attention. In the European context this is surprising as reform proposals of the unemployment insurance system aiming at reducing high European unemployment rates should consider both effects. This paper provides evidence on the effect of unemployment benefits on unemployment and employment duration in Europe, using individual data from the European Community Household Panel for eight countries. Country specific estimates based on a multivariate discrete proportional hazard model, controlling for observed and unobserved individual heterogeneity, suggest that even if receiving benefits has a direct negative effect increasing the duration of unemployment spells, there is also a positive indirect! effect of benefits on subsequent employment duration. This indirect effect is pronounced in countries with relatively generous benefit systems, and for recipients who have remained unemployed for at least six months. In terms of the magnitude of the effect, recipients remain employed on average two to four months longer than non-recipients. This represents a ten to twenty per cent increase relative to the average employment duration, compensating for the additional time spent in unemployment. These findings are in line with theories suggesting a matching effect of unemployment insurance." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Kodre, Petra, Martin Roggenkamp, Christian Roth & Elke Scheffelt (Hrsg.) (2005): Lokale Beschäftigungsbündnisse. Europäische Perspektiven in Forschung und Praxis. (Forschung aus der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung 58), Berlin: Edition Sigma, 206 S.

Abstract

"In der Arbeitsmarkt- und Beschäftigungspolitik hat sich in den neunziger Jahren insbesondere durch die Implementation lokaler Beschäftigungsbündnisse in der Europäischen Union eine neue Handlungsebene etabliert. Aufgrund ihres dezentralen Handlungskontextes und ihres partnerschaftlichen Ansatzes erschließen diese Bündnisse neue Potenziale für mehr Beschäftigung. Das Erkenntnisinteresse dieses Bandes richtet sich auf die Handlungsbedingungen, Erfolgsfaktoren und möglichen Fehlentwicklungen dezentraler Kooperation, wobei die Funktionsweise regionaler Selbstorganisation und Fragen der Effizienz lokaler Beschäftigungsbündnisse von besonderer Bedeutung sind. Die Autor/inn/en stellen nicht nur einzelne Fallbeispiele vor und präsentieren übergreifende Synthesen aus empirischen Einzelergebnissen, sondern diskutieren auch unterschiedliche theoretische Zugänge zur Thematik insbesondere aus der Netzwerk- und Governanceforschung. Ihr Ziel ist es dabei, aus einer europäischen und regionalen sowie international vergleichenden Perspektive den Austausch zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis voranzutreiben und den Blick für die Erfolgsbedingungen und die mögliche Übertragbarkeit derartiger Bündnisse zu schärfen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Dann, Sabine, Andrea Kirchmann, Alexander Spermann & Jürgen Volkert (Hrsg.) (2002): Kombi-Einkommen. Ein Weg aus der Sozialhilfe? Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 175 S.

Abstract

"Zur Überwindung von Sozialhilfefallen und Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit werden Kombi-Einkommen vorgeschlagen. Mit Kombilöhnen soll zum Ausbau des Niedriglohnsektors in Deutschland beigetragen werden. Doch welcher Beitrag ist von solchen Anreizinstrumenten für eine bessere Arbeitsmarktintegration tatsächlich zu erwarten? Der Band enthält die Beiträge einer Tagung, die vom Institut für Angewandte Wirtschaftsforschung Tübingen (IAW) im Herbst 2001 durchgeführt wurde. Für die Veranstaltung und den Tagungsband konnten Wissenschaftler gewonnen werden, die mit der Begleitforschung aller wesentlichen in Deutschland laufenden Modellversuche zu Kombi-Einkommen beauftragt sind. Im Einzelnen werden in den Beiträgen die Wirkungen des gesetzlichen Lohnabstandsgebotes, Berechnungen zu Beschäftigungs- und fiskalischen Effekten unterschiedlicher Kombi-Einkommen sowie die ersten Erfahrungen mit den verschiedenen deutschen Modellversuchen erörtert. Weitere Themenschwerpunkte sind die Aufstiegschancen aus subventionierten Beschäftigungsverhältnissen, die Bedeutung von Kombi-Einkommen für Alleinerziehende und die internationalen Erfahrungen mit vergleichbaren Ansätzen." Inhalt: Jürgen Volkert: Lohnabstandsgebot, Verpflichtung zur Arbeit und Sozialhilfefallen; Hilmar Schneider: Kombi-Einkommen. Arbeitsangebotseffekte mit und ohne Zielgruppenbegrenzung; Alfons Hollederer, Helmut Rudolph: Arbeitsanreize und Niedriglöhne. Konzeption und erste Erfahrungen des Mainzer Modells und des SGI-Modells; Sabine Dann, Andrea Kirchmann, Alexander Spermann, Jürgen Volkert: Das Einstiegsgeld - eine zielgruppenorientierte negative Einkommenssteuer. Konzeption, Umsetzung und erste Zwischenbilanz nach 15 Monaten in Baden-Württemberg; Lars Czommer, Claudia Weinkopf: Modellprojekte zur Erprobung des § 18 Absatz 5 BSHG; Waltraud Schelke: "Making Work Pay". Ziele und Wirkungen finanzieller Arbeitsanreize in den USA; Wolfgang Ochel: Finanzielle Arbeitsanreize - Konzeptionen und Ergebnisse in Großbritannien, Irland und Kanada; Bruno Kaltenborn, Hans-Peter Klös: Niedriglöhne und Kombi-Einkommen - Sackgasse oder Ausgangspunkt einer Karriere? Eine Mobilitätsuntersuchung für Westdeutschland 1984/96; Sabine Dann, Andrea Kirchmann, Alexander Spermann: Kombi-Einkommen - ein Königsweg für allein Erziehende? (IAB2)

Abstract

"This overview adds to the body of knowledge on self-employment programmes by looking specifically at whether and how micro-finance can help bridge the credit gap. It presents results of 45 surveys and studies carried out in 1999 and 2000 as well as the outcome of an international conference in 2000 in Bonn. The report identifies the factors that make good self-employment promotion." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))