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Evaluation der Arbeitsmarktpolitik

Arbeitsmarktpolitik soll neben der Wirtschafts- und Strukturpolitik sowie der Arbeitszeit- und Lohnpolitik einen Beitrag zur Bewältigung der Arbeitslosigkeit leisten. Aber ist sie dabei auch erfolgreich und stehen die eingebrachten Mittel in einem angemessenen Verhältnis zu den erzielten Wirkungen? Die Evaluationsforschung geht der Frage nach den Beschäftigungseffekten und den sozialpolitischen Wirkungen auf individueller und gesamtwirtschaftlicher Ebene nach. Das Dossier bietet weiterführende Informationen zu Evaluationsmethoden und den Wirkungen von einzelnen Maßnahmen für verschiedene Zielgruppen.

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  • Literaturhinweis

    A journey into the new employment service landscape of responsibilisation: Towards de-personalisation of the caseworker–jobseeker relationship (2024)

    Bengtsson, Mattias; Jacobsson, Kerstin; Wallinder, Ylva;

    Zitatform

    Bengtsson, Mattias, Kerstin Jacobsson & Ylva Wallinder (2024): A journey into the new employment service landscape of responsibilisation: Towards de-personalisation of the caseworker–jobseeker relationship. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 33, H. 1, S. 137-150. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12584

    Abstract

    "The article analyses a new culture of responsibilisation implicated in a recent management reform in the Swedish Public Employment Service. Based on an interview study and organisational documents, it is shown that the reform entails a new form of responsibilisation of jobseekers as well as caseworkers. As jobseekers are expected to ‘carry their own case’ through the administrative job-search process, they are obliged to manage tasks that used to be in the caseworker's area of responsibility. Furthermore, caseworkers are expected to regulate themselves in new ways and change their mind-set according to new organisational values and behavioural norms, requiring a restraining of their availability to clients. It is argued that the employment agency is increasingly turned into the agency of the active and responsible jobseeker, which entails one further shift towards individual responsibility in Swedish labour market policy and one further step towards the breakup of a personal caseworker–jobseeker relationship." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Does Job Search Assistance Reduce Unemployment?: Evidence on Displacement Effects and Mechanisms (2023)

    Cheung, Maria; Vikström, Johan; Forslund, Anders; Egebark, Johan; Rödin, Magnus; Laun, Lisa;

    Zitatform

    Cheung, Maria, Johan Egebark, Anders Forslund, Lisa Laun, Magnus Rödin & Johan Vikström (2023): Does Job Search Assistance Reduce Unemployment? Evidence on Displacement Effects and Mechanisms. In: Journal of labor economics online erschienen am 05.07.2023, S. 1-32. DOI:10.1086/726384

    Abstract

    "Using a two-level randomized experiment we find that job search assistance (JSA) reduces unemployment among the treated, but also creates displacement effects. Analyses of mechanisms show that vacancy referrals from caseworkers to job seekers explain the positive effects for the treated by helping the job seekers apply to the most relevant jobs earlier. We also find that the overall assessment of JSA hinges on how the displacement effects hit the labor market and to what extent firms react by opening new vacancies. The displacement is larger in weak labor markets and wefind no displacement of resources." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The end of welfare states as we know them? A multidimensional perspective (2023)

    Sowula, Jakub ; Gehrig, Franziska; Scruggs, Lyle A. ; Ramalho Tafoya, Gabriela ; Seeleib-Kaiser, Martin;

    Zitatform

    Sowula, Jakub, Franziska Gehrig, Lyle A. Scruggs, Martin Seeleib-Kaiser & Gabriela Ramalho Tafoya (2023): The end of welfare states as we know them? A multidimensional perspective. In: Social Policy and Administration online erschienen am 20.12.2023. DOI:10.1111/spol.12990

    Abstract

    "This article highlights the limitations of unidimensional analyses in the comparative welfare state literature and emphasises the need for a more holistic, multidimensional approach incorporating social spending, welfare state outputs and outcomes. To illustrate the utility of a multidimensional approach, we examine the long‐term welfare state trajectories of Sweden and Germany, prototypical social‐democratic and conservative welfare states, respectively, and compare them against the baseline of Europe's prototypical liberal welfare state, the United Kingdom. The social spending (expenditure) and output (generosity) allowed us to identify significant changes in the Swedish welfare state (i.e., retrenchment). The outcome dimension alerts us to a policy drift in the German Welfare State, as relatively stable public spending and welfare generosity until the first half of the 2000s were nonetheless associated with sharply increased inequality and poverty. Overall, our findings suggest that a holistic, multidimensional approach is necessary to fully understand the complexities of welfare state change and continuity, as focusing solely on one dimension can lead to analytical misjudgments. The sharp rise in inequality and poverty across countries raises doubts about whether policymakers and researchers rely too much on outdated assumptions of normality that fail to meet the welfare state realities of today." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Long‐Run Effects of Dynamically Assigned Treatments: A New Methodology and an Evaluation of Training Effects on Earnings (2022)

    Berg, Gerard J. van den; Vikström, Johan;

    Zitatform

    Berg, Gerard J. van den & Johan Vikström (2022): Long‐Run Effects of Dynamically Assigned Treatments: A New Methodology and an Evaluation of Training Effects on Earnings. In: Econometrica, Jg. 90, H. 3, S. 1337-1354. DOI:10.3982/ecta17522

    Abstract

    "We propose and implement a new method to estimate treatment effects in settings where individuals need to be in a certain state (e.g., unemployment) to be eligible for a treatment, treatments may commence at different points in time, and the outcome of interest is realized after the individual left the initial state. An example concerns the effect of training on earnings in subsequent employment. Any evaluation needs to take into account that some of those who are not trained at a certain time in unemployment will leave unemployment before training while others will be trained later. We are interested in effects of the treatment at a certain elapsed duration compared to “no treatment at any subsequent duration.” We prove identification under unconfoundedness and propose inverse probability weighting estimators. A key feature is that weights given to outcome observations of nontreated depend on the remaining time in the initial state. We study effects of a training program for unemployed workers in Sweden. Estimates are positive and sizeable, exceeding those obtained with common static methods. This calls for a reappraisal of training as a tool to bring unemployed back to work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The Unequal Cost of Job Loss across Countries (2022)

    Bertheau, Antoine; Lombardi, Stefano; Saggio, Raffaele; Barceló, Cristina; Gulyas, Andreas ; Acabbi, Edoardo;

    Zitatform

    Bertheau, Antoine, Edoardo Acabbi, Cristina Barceló, Andreas Gulyas, Stefano Lombardi & Raffaele Saggio (2022): The Unequal Cost of Job Loss across Countries. (IZA discussion paper 15033), Bonn, 49 S.

    Abstract

    "We document the consequences of losing a job across countries using a harmonized research design. Workers in Denmark and Sweden experience the lowest earnings declines following job displacement, while workers in Italy, Spain, and Portugal experience losses three times as high. French and Austrian workers face earnings losses somewhere in-between. Key to these differences is that Southern European workers are less likely to find employment following displacement. Loss of employer-specific wage premiums accounts for 40% to 95% of within-country wage declines. The use of active labor market policies predicts a significant portion of the cross-country heterogeneity in earnings losses." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Labour market protection across space and time: A revised typology and a taxonomy of countries' trajectories of change (2022)

    Ferragina, Emanuele ; Filetti, Federico Danilo;

    Zitatform

    Ferragina, Emanuele & Federico Danilo Filetti (2022): Labour market protection across space and time: A revised typology and a taxonomy of countries' trajectories of change. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 32, H. 2, S. 148-165. DOI:10.1177/09589287211056222

    Abstract

    "We measure and interpret the evolution of labour market protection across 21 high-income countries over three decades, employing as conceptual foundations the ‘regime varieties’ and ‘trajectories of change’ developed by Esping-Andersen, Estevez-Abe, Hall and Soskice, and Thelen. We measure labour market protection considering four institutional dimensions – employment protection, unemployment protection, income maintenance and activation – and the evolution of the workforce composition. This measurement accounts for the joint evolution of labour market institutions, their complementarities and their relation to outcomes, and mitigate the unrealistic Average Production Worker assumption. We handle the multi-dimensional nature of labour market protection with Principal Component Analysis and capture the characteristics of countries’ trajectories of change with a composite score. We contribute to the literature in three ways. (1) We portray a revised typology that accounts for processes of change between 1990 and 2015, and that clusters regime varieties on the basis of coordination and solidarity levels, that is, Central/Northern European, Southern European, liberal. (2) We illustrate that, despite a persistent gap, a large majority of Coordinated Market Economies experiencing a decline in the level of labour market protection became more similar to Liberal Market Economies. (3) We develop a fivefold taxonomy of countries’ trajectories of change (liberalization, dualization, flexibility, de-dualization and higher protection), showing that these trajectories are not always path-dependent and consistent with regime varieties previously developed in the literature." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Ethnic Stereotypes and Entry into Labor Market Programs (2021)

    Arai, Mahmood ; Rödin, Magnus; Gartell, Marie; Özcan, Gülay;

    Zitatform

    Arai, Mahmood, Marie Gartell, Magnus Rödin & Gülay Özcan (2021): Ethnic Stereotypes and Entry into Labor Market Programs. In: ILR review, Jg. 74, H. 2, S. 293-320. DOI:10.1177/0019793919899937

    Abstract

    "The authors examine the impact of ethnic bias based on public employment officers' decisions when choosing whom to recommend for participation in a labor market program. On the basis of an experiment that uses job seekers' own portrait photographs, their recorded voices, and their real names, findings show that when recommending job seekers for labor market programs, female caseworkers are not affected by job seekers' appearance, but male caseworkers favor job seekers who are perceived to have a stereotypical Swedish appearance. Moreover, the authors find that, as intended by the guidelines of the Swedish Public Employment Service, both male and female caseworkers favor job seekers perceived, based on the job seekers' recorded voice, to have a foreign background. The authors' conclusions suggest that when no explicit guidelines are provided for addressing the impact of ethnic stereotypes on selection for training programs, a risk of bias based on ethnic stereotypes of physical appearance exists." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Levelling the playing field? Active labour market policies, educational attainment and unemployment (2019)

    Benda, Luc; Koster, Ferry; van der Veen, Romke;

    Zitatform

    Benda, Luc, Ferry Koster & Romke van der Veen (2019): Levelling the playing field? Active labour market policies, educational attainment and unemployment. In: The International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, Jg. 39, H. 3/4, S. 276-295. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-08-2018-0138

    Abstract

    "The purpose of this paper is to investigate how active labour market policy (ALMP) training programmes and hiring subsidies increase or decrease differences in the unemployment risk between lesser and higher educated people during an economic downturn. A focus is put on potential job competition dynamics and cumulative (dis)advantages of the lesser and higher educated" (Author's abstract, © Emerald Group) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Employer-oriented labour market policies in Sweden: Creating jobs and the division of labour in the public sector (2019)

    Castillo, Daniel;

    Zitatform

    Castillo, Daniel (2019): Employer-oriented labour market policies in Sweden: Creating jobs and the division of labour in the public sector. In: International social security review, Jg. 72, H. 2, S. 75-95. DOI:10.1111/issr.12200

    Abstract

    "In vielen europäischen Ländern sind Arbeitsmarktstrategien ins Zentrum der Aufmerksamkeit gerückt, mit denen die Arbeitgeber angehalten werden, Erwerbslosen den Weg zurück in die Arbeitswelt zu ermöglichen. Damit soll die Arbeitskräftenachfrage der Arbeitgeber gedeckt und ihr Wille beeinflusst werden, Erwerbslose verschiedener Gruppen (oft auch mit Behinderung) einzustellen, weiterzubilden oder anzuleiten. Dieser Artikel legt anhand einer qualitativen Interviewstudie mit Teilnehmern eines arbeitgeberorientierten Programms in einer mittelgroßen Stadt in Schweden dar, wie diese Strategien zur Beeinflussung der Arbeitgeber eingesetzt werden, um diese dazu zu bewegen, erwerbslose Arbeitnehmer einzustellen, und wie sich die dadurch geschaffenen Arbeitsplätze von regulären Arbeitsplätzen unterscheiden. Der Artikel kommt zum Schluss, dass die Schaffung von Arbeitsplätzen durch neue Vorkehrungen für die Arbeitsteilung mit dem Ziel, die regulären Mitarbeiter von unqualifizierten Aufgaben zu entlasten, den Willen der Arbeitgeber beeinflussen kann, Erwerbslose einzustellen, sofern diese Maßnahmen durch andere politische Instrumente ergänzt werden. Es wird jedoch auch gezeigt, dass diese neue Arbeitsteilung, bei der die Teilnehmer des Programms hauptsächlich Aufgaben ausführen, für die keine Qualifikation erforderlich ist, schwierig umzusetzen ist, da die neu Eingestellten nach und nach immer mehr Aufgaben übernehmen, die zuvor von den regulär Beschäftigten erledigt wurden." (Autorenreferat, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Does job search assistance reduce unemployment?: Experimental evidence on displacement effects and mechanisms (2019)

    Cheung, Maria; Egebark, Johan; Laun, Lisa; Rödin, Magnus; Forslund, Anders; Vikström, Johan;

    Zitatform

    Cheung, Maria, Johan Egebark, Anders Forslund, Lisa Laun, Magnus Rödin & Johan Vikström (2019): Does job search assistance reduce unemployment? Experimental evidence on displacement effects and mechanisms. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2019,25), Uppsala, 52 S.

    Abstract

    "This paper uses a large-scale two-level randomized experiment to study direct and displacement effects of job search assistance. Our findings show that the assistance reduces unemployment among the treated, but also creates substantial displacement leading to higher unemployment for the non-treated. By using detailed information on caseworker and job seeker behavior we show that vacancy referrals passed on from caseworkers to job seekers is the driving mechanism behind the positive direct effect. We also examine explanations for the displacement effect and show that displacement is not due to constrained resources, but arises in the labor market. A comparison between different meeting formats suggests that face-to-face meetings and distance meetings are more effective than group meetings. Despite the existence of displacement effects, when we incorporate our results into an equilibrium search model we find that a complete roll-out of the program would lead to lower unemployment and slightly reduced government spending." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Employment outcomes and policies in Sweden during recent decades (2019)

    Forslund, Anders;

    Zitatform

    Forslund, Anders (2019): Employment outcomes and policies in Sweden during recent decades. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2019,15), Uppsala, 53 S.

    Abstract

    "The Swedish employment rate is high in an international comparison and has been rising during recent decades. This pattern is especially pronounced among the elderly and women and reflects labour supply behaviour in these groups. The policy survey in this report suggests that the main drivers of the high and rising Swedish employment rates can be found in policies for early retirement, old-age pensions and taxes and benefits." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Labour market regulations and high quality employment in EU-15 countries (2018)

    Bilbao-Ubillos, Javier; Intxaurburu, Gurutze; Alsasua, Jesús-Luis; Ullibarri-Arce, Miren;

    Zitatform

    Bilbao-Ubillos, Javier, Jesús-Luis Alsasua, Gurutze Intxaurburu & Miren Ullibarri-Arce (2018): Labour market regulations and high quality employment in EU-15 countries. In: Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, Jg. 31, H. 3, S. 207-226. DOI:10.1080/13511610.2017.1384366

    Abstract

    "The elements that we usually include under the concept of 'labour market institutions' exert a clear influence on the workings of the labour market. However, the assessment of labour market policies and institutions remains mostly focused on their impact on the quantity of jobs, while people's well-being depends crucially on how good their jobs are. This paper is a modest attempt to contribute some evidence and insight to the debate on the effects that particular institutional configurations have on the generation of high-quality employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Wage subsidies, job-displacement and Swedish firms: a comparison between policy systems (2018)

    Lombardi, Stefano; Vikström, Johan; Nordström Skans, Oskar;

    Zitatform

    Lombardi, Stefano, Oskar Nordström Skans & Johan Vikström (2018): Wage subsidies, job-displacement and Swedish firms. A comparison between policy systems. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2018,06), Uppsala, 35 S.

    Abstract

    "This paper studies how New Start Jobs (Nystartsjobb) and Employment Subsidies (Anstallningsstod) affect Swedish firms. We study effects on the number of employees, firm performance and other firm level outcomes. We use Swedish administrative data from the period 1998-2008. One result is that treated firms substantially outperform other recruiting firms after hiring through subsidies, both in terms of the number of employees and in terms of various production measures, despite having identical pre-match trajectories. This pattern is clear for the period with Employment Subsidies, but less clear for the period with New Start Jobs. For New Starts Jobs we instead see that they have a clear positive effect on firms' survival rates. Overall, our results suggest that targeted employment subsidies can have large positive effects on post-match outcomes of the hiring firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Labor market reforms and unemployment dynamics (2018)

    Murtin, Fabrice; Robin, Jean-Marc ;

    Zitatform

    Murtin, Fabrice & Jean-Marc Robin (2018): Labor market reforms and unemployment dynamics. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 3-19. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2016.05.025

    Abstract

    "We quantify the contribution of labor market reforms to unemployment dynamics in nine OECD countries (Australia, France, Germany, Japan, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, UK, US). We estimate a dynamic stochastic search-matching model with heterogeneous workers and aggregate productivity shocks. The heterogeneous-worker mechanism proposed by Robin (2011) explains unemployment volatility by productivity shocks well in all countries. Placement and employment services, UI benefit reduction and product market deregulation are found to be the most prominent policy levers for unemployment reduction. Business cycle shocks and LMPs explain about the same share of unemployment volatility (except for Japan, Portugal and the US)." (Author's abstract, © 2016 Elsevier) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Beschäftigtentransfer stärken!: Lehren aus einem internationalen Vergleich (2018)

    Reissert, Bernd;

    Zitatform

    Reissert, Bernd (2018): Beschäftigtentransfer stärken! Lehren aus einem internationalen Vergleich. (WISO Diskurs 2018,11), Bonn, 20 S.

    Abstract

    "Transfergesellschaften sind das wichtigste Instrument des Beschäftigtentransfers in Deutschland. Dennoch erreichen sie nur etwa ein bis zwei Prozent aller Arbeitnehmer_innen, die ihren Arbeitsplatz durch Stellenabbau oder Betriebsschließung verlieren. Der Beschäftigtentransfer, der den Betroffenen dazu verhelfen soll, ohne größere Unterbrechung eine dauerhafte Anschlussbeschäftigung zu finden, spielt in der deutschen Arbeitsmarktpolitik bislang nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. Für einen sich verschärfenden Strukturwandel erscheint Deutschland damit nur schwach gerüstet. Das vorliegende Papier legt zunächst die schwierigen Rahmenbedingungen dar, denen Transfergesellschaften in Deutschland unterliegen. Das Instrument der Transfergesellschaft verbindet Elemente des kollektiven Arbeitsrechts mit Elementen der öffentlichen Arbeitsförderung. Diese Konstruktion führt in der Praxis zu einer Vielzahl von Hindernissen, die die Nutzung des Instruments - trotz seiner nachweisbaren Erfolge und Vorteile - erheblich erschweren. In den anschließenden Kapiteln wendet sich das Papier den drei ausgewählten internationalen Beispielen zu und erläutert die Hintergründe der auf tarifvertraglicher Grundlage errichteten Arbeitssicherungsstiftungen (Job Security Councils) in Schweden, der in Kooperation von Gewerkschaften und Arbeitsverwaltung betriebenen Cellules de Reconversion in der belgischen Wallonie und der verschiedenen Varianten der Arbeitsstiftungen in Österreich. Der Vergleich mit den drei genannten Ländern kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass das System des Beschäftigtentransfers in Deutschland vor allem drei Schwächen aufweist. Erstens erreicht der Beschäftigtentransfer in Deutschland nur einen sehr viel kleineren Anteil der Beschäftigten als in Belgien und Österreich und vor allem in Schweden. Zweitens ist der Zugang für Arbeitnehmer_innen aus kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU), aus kleineren Restrukturierungsfällen und aus Betrieben ohne Betriebsrat zum Beschäftigtentransfer in Deutschland wesentlich schwieriger als in Schweden und Belgien (und teilweise auch in Österreich). Und drittens hat die Qualifizierung für einen dauerhaften neuen Arbeitsplatz im deutschen Beschäftigtentransfer eine geringere Bedeutung als in Schweden und Österreich. Die im Abschlusskapitel formulierten Reformvorschläge für Deutschland zielen damit sowohl auf breitere Zugänge in den Beschäftigtentransfer (vor allem aus KMU) als auch auf die Stärkung der Qualifizierung in Transfergesellschaften ab. Diese Reformschritte sollten angepackt werden, damit der Beschäftigtentransfer einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Bewältigung eines beschleunigten Strukturwandels leisten kann." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Risk-based selection in unemployment insurance: evidence and implications (2017)

    Landais, Camille; Seim, David; Nilsson, Peter; Spinnewijn, Johannes; Nekoei, Arash;

    Zitatform

    Landais, Camille, Arash Nekoei, Peter Nilsson, David Seim & Johannes Spinnewijn (2017): Risk-based selection in unemployment insurance. Evidence and implications. (CEP discussion paper 1503), London, 69 S.

    Abstract

    "This paper studies whether adverse selection can rationalize a universal mandate for unemployment insurance (UI). Building on a unique feature of the unemployment policy in Sweden, where workers can opt for supplemental UI coverage above a minimum mandate, we provide the first direct evidence for adverse selection in UI and derive its implications for UI design. We find that the unemployment risk is more than twice as high for workers who buy supplemental coverage, even when controlling for a rich set of observables. Exploiting variation in risk and prices to control for moral hazard, we show how this correlation is driven by substantial risk-based selection. Despite the severe adverse selection, we find that mandating the supplemental coverage is dominated by a design leaving the choice to workers. In this design, a large subsidy for supplemental coverage is optimal and complementary to the use of a minimum mandate. Our findings raise questions about the desirability of the universal mandate of generous UI in other countries, which has not been tested before." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Dynamic treatment assignment and evaluation of active labor market policies (2017)

    Vikström, Johan;

    Zitatform

    Vikström, Johan (2017): Dynamic treatment assignment and evaluation of active labor market policies. In: Labour economics, Jg. 49, H. December, S. 42-54. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2017.09.003

    Abstract

    "This paper considers treatment evaluation in a discrete time setting in which treatment can start at any point in time. We consider evaluation under unconfoundedness and propose a dynamic inverse probability weighting estimator. A typical application is an active labor market program that can start after any elapsed unemployment duration. The identification and estimation results concern both cases with one single treatment as well as sequences of programs. The new estimator is applied to Swedish data on participants in a training program and a work practice program. The work practice program increases re-employment rates. Most sequences of the two programs are inefficient when compared to one single program episode." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    How long and how much? Learning about the design of wage subsidies from policy discontinuities (2015)

    Sjögren, Anna; Vikström, Johan;

    Zitatform

    Sjögren, Anna & Johan Vikström (2015): How long and how much? Learning about the design of wage subsidies from policy discontinuities. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 34, H. June, S. 127-137. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2015.03.009

    Abstract

    "Employment and wage subsidies are used to combat long-term unemployment, yet there is little research to guide the design of such programs. Discontinuities in the design and implementation of wage subsidies under the Swedish New Start Jobs-policy allow us to study effects of both subsidy rate and subsidy duration. We find that doubling of the subsidy rate has a substantial impact on job finding rates but that doubled subsidy duration has no such effect. We find the opposite pattern when we study the effects on the probability of staying employed for those who find subsidized employment. Interestingly, the positive employment effect of doubling the subsidy duration persists after the expiry of the employment subsidies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The long-term earnings consequences of general vs. specific training of the unemployed (2015)

    Stenberg, Anders; Westerlund, Olle;

    Zitatform

    Stenberg, Anders & Olle Westerlund (2015): The long-term earnings consequences of general vs. specific training of the unemployed. In: IZA journal of European Labor Studies, Jg. 4, S. 1-26. DOI:10.1186/s40174-015-0047-9

    Abstract

    "Training programs for the unemployed typically involve teaching a specific skill to ease the transition into employment. However, in 1997, the Swedish unemployed could choose general/theoretical training through enrollment in one year of full-time studies at the upper secondary school level. This study provides an empirical assessment of the relative earnings impact of general vs. specific training 13 years post-enrollment. In the long term, general training may compensate for the short-term relative earnings loss by enhancing the ability to adapt to changes in demand for skills. The analyses are based on population register data 1990-2010 and an unusually rich set of control variables. The results indicate that both programs are associated with earnings increases. Our relative program estimates reveal a short-term advantage of specific training that converges within 5-7 years. With a longer perspective, there is considerable heterogeneity in the relative earnings estimates. For females with short educations, the earnings increases following general training substantially exceed those following specific training." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Evaluation of sequences of treatments with application to active labor market policies (2015)

    Vikström, Johan;

    Zitatform

    Vikström, Johan (2015): Evaluation of sequences of treatments with application to active labor market policies. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2015,05), Uppsala, 47 S.

    Abstract

    "This paper proposes a new framework for analyzing the effects of sequences of treatments with duration outcomes. Applications include sequences of active labor market policies assigned at specific unemployment durations and sequences of medical treatments. We consider evaluation under unconfoundedness and propose conditions under which the survival time under a specific treatment regime can be identified. We introduce inverse probability weighting estimators for various average effects. The finite sample properties of the estimators are investigated in a simulation study. The new estimator is applied to Swedish data on participants in training, in a work practice program and in subsidized employment. One result is that enrolling an unemployed person twice in the same program or in two different programs one after the other leads to longer unemployment spells compared to only participating in a single program once." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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