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Evaluation der Arbeitsmarktpolitik

Arbeitsmarktpolitik soll neben der Wirtschafts- und Strukturpolitik sowie der Arbeitszeit- und Lohnpolitik einen Beitrag zur Bewältigung der Arbeitslosigkeit leisten. Aber ist sie dabei auch erfolgreich und stehen die eingebrachten Mittel in einem angemessenen Verhältnis zu den erzielten Wirkungen? Die Evaluationsforschung geht der Frage nach den Beschäftigungseffekten und den sozialpolitischen Wirkungen auf individueller und gesamtwirtschaftlicher Ebene nach. Das Dossier bietet weiterführende Informationen zu Evaluationsmethoden und den Wirkungen von einzelnen Maßnahmen für verschiedene Zielgruppen.

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Does Job Search Assistance Reduce Unemployment?: Evidence on Displacement Effects and Mechanisms (2025)

    Cheung, Maria; Egebark, Johan; Vikström, Johan; Rödin, Magnus; Laun, Lisa ; Forslund, Anders ;

    Zitatform

    Cheung, Maria, Johan Egebark, Anders Forslund, Lisa Laun, Magnus Rödin & Johan Vikström (2025): Does Job Search Assistance Reduce Unemployment? Evidence on Displacement Effects and Mechanisms. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 43, H. 1, S. 47-81. DOI:10.1086/726384

    Abstract

    "Using a two-level randomized experiment we find that job search assistance (JSA) reduces unemployment among the treated, but also creates displacement effects. Analyses of mechanisms show that vacancy referrals from caseworkers to job seekers explain the positive effects for the treated by helping the job seekers apply to the most relevant jobs earlier. We also find that the overall assessment of JSA hinges on how the displacement effects hit the labor market and to what extent firms react by opening new vacancies. The displacement is larger in weak labor markets and wefind no displacement of resources." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    "I feel good here": A qualitative study on subsidised employment in a Swedish municipal labour market programme (2025)

    Parsland, Ellen; Scaramuzzino, Gabriella ;

    Zitatform

    Parsland, Ellen & Gabriella Scaramuzzino (2025): "I feel good here". A qualitative study on subsidised employment in a Swedish municipal labour market programme. In: Journal of Comparative Social Work, Jg. 19, H. 2, S. 38-62. DOI:10.31265/jcsw.v19i2.657

    Abstract

    "The aim of this article is to understand how a group of subsidized employees constructed a collective identity and symbolic community, and the role the municipal labor market programme played in that process. Further, it explores whether and how a shared collective identity and symbolic community may provide an explanation for how the ‘successful intervention/lock-in effect paradox’ occurs when using subsidized employment as an activation intervention. The article is based on a qualitative interview study with eight social workers and 11 subsidized employees from a Swedish municipal labour market program that offered subsidised employment as its main intervention. The interviews were analysed using the concepts of social identity and symbolic community. The article shows that subsidized employment plays a crucial role in subsidised employees constructing their identity as ‘persons with a job’, as distinct from the activation interventions usually associated with social assistance. The labor market programme serves as a transformative space where receiving a salary becomes a symbol of distinction, marking a significant departure from past experiences of receiving social assistance. The article also highlights the role of social workers in subsidised employees’ identity processes. The social workers perceived the subsidised employees as participants with special needs, and subsidiszd employment as an intervention which could influence the planning and support provided during the subsidized employment. The collective identity developed by the participants fostered a sense of community, but also led to reluctance to leave the program, driven by the fear of reverting to social assistance, and once again being excluded from the labor market. The article concludes that the subsidized employees risked getting stuck in a borderland between work exclusion and work inclusion and, therefore, that subsidised employment can potentially place participants in a state of ‘marginalised inclusion’ in the labor market, instead of supporting participants into regular employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Deemed as ‘Distant’: Categorizing Unemployment in Sweden’s Evolving Welfare Landscape (2025)

    Östling, Maja ;

    Zitatform

    Östling, Maja (2025): Deemed as ‘Distant’: Categorizing Unemployment in Sweden’s Evolving Welfare Landscape. In: Social Sciences, Jg. 14, H. 3. DOI:10.3390/socsci14030129

    Abstract

    "Over the past 30 years, Swedish labor market politics has swayed towards stronger workfare tendencies, emphasizing activation requirements for unemployed individuals to access welfare benefits. This process aligns with broader neoliberal reforms, fostering an individualistic view of unemployment characterized by personal responsibility for employability. In 2023, the Swedish Public Employment Service (PES) published a report addressing the needs of and solutions for long-term unemployed individuals ‘distant from the labor market’ (Sw. personer långt från arbetsmarknaden), marking the first formal use of this term as the main adhesive category in a political document. This paper examines the construction of the subject position ‘distant from the labor market’, investigating how it delineates and differentiates subgroups within the unemployed population, how this subgroup is understood in relation to other actors, and how discursive frameworks imbue this category with various meanings. Lastly, the paper discusses the categorization in relation to the current developments in the Swedish welfare system, arguing that the formalization of this category should be understood in relation to parallel political processes, such as proposals for a duty of activity for the unemployed, suggesting how this points to a way forward defined by neoliberal tendencies and welfare conditionality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    A journey into the new employment service landscape of responsibilisation: Towards de-personalisation of the caseworker–jobseeker relationship (2024)

    Bengtsson, Mattias ; Wallinder, Ylva; Jacobsson, Kerstin ;

    Zitatform

    Bengtsson, Mattias, Kerstin Jacobsson & Ylva Wallinder (2024): A journey into the new employment service landscape of responsibilisation: Towards de-personalisation of the caseworker–jobseeker relationship. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 33, H. 1, S. 137-150. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12584

    Abstract

    "The article analyses a new culture of responsibilisation implicated in a recent management reform in the Swedish Public Employment Service. Based on an interview study and organisational documents, it is shown that the reform entails a new form of responsibilisation of jobseekers as well as caseworkers. As jobseekers are expected to ‘carry their own case’ through the administrative job-search process, they are obliged to manage tasks that used to be in the caseworker's area of responsibility. Furthermore, caseworkers are expected to regulate themselves in new ways and change their mind-set according to new organisational values and behavioural norms, requiring a restraining of their availability to clients. It is argued that the employment agency is increasingly turned into the agency of the active and responsible jobseeker, which entails one further shift towards individual responsibility in Swedish labour market policy and one further step towards the breakup of a personal caseworker–jobseeker relationship." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Effects of parental job loss on psychotropic drug use in children: Long-term effects, timing, and cumulative exposure (2024)

    Högberg, Björn ; Baranowska-Rataj, Anna ;

    Zitatform

    Högberg, Björn & Anna Baranowska-Rataj (2024): Effects of parental job loss on psychotropic drug use in children: Long-term effects, timing, and cumulative exposure. In: Advances in life course research, Jg. 60. DOI:10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100607

    Abstract

    "Intra-family crossover effects triggered by job losses have received growing attention across scientific disciplines, but existing research has reached discrepant conclusions concerning if, and if so how, parental job losses affect child mental health. Drawing on sociological models of stress and life course epidemiology, we ask if parental job losses have long-term effects on child mental health, and if these effects are conditional on the timing of, or the cumulative exposure to, job losses. We use intergenerationally linked Swedish register data combined with entropy balance and structural nested mean models for the analyses. The data allow us to track 400,000 children over 14 years and thereby test different life-course models of cross-over effects. We identify involuntary job losses using information on workplace closures, thus reducing the risk of confounding. Results show that paternal but not maternal job loss significantly increases the risk of psychotropic drug use among children, that the average effects are modest in size (less than 4% in relative terms), that they may persist for up to five years, and that they are driven by children aged 6–10 years. Moreover, cumulative exposure to multiple job losses are more harmful than zero or one job loss." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Minimum Income and Social Inclusion Pathways : A review ofselected European Union programs (2024)

    Marzi, Marta Serena Liliana; Cenedese, Francesco; Cherchi, Ludovica; Marini, Alessandra;

    Zitatform

    Marzi, Marta Serena Liliana, Alessandra Marini, Ludovica Cherchi & Francesco Cenedese (2024): Minimum Income and Social Inclusion Pathways : A review ofselected European Union programs. (Social protection & jobs : discussion paper / World Bank Group, Social Protection & Jobs 2408), Washington, DC, 90 S.

    Abstract

    "Across European Union (EU) countries, the institutional design of Minimum Income (MI) programs varies widely in terms of the benefits and services provided to recipients, despite significant convergence toward a similar MI model and shared common approaches. This discussion paper investigates the delivery of social inclusion pathways, i.e., non-monetary support components to foster MI recipients' social inclusion and highlights common challenges and good practices across eight EU case study countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden). The paper shows that while some countries prioritize labor activation for workforce reintegration of MI recipients, others aim for broader social inclusion, recognizing the challenges in integrating such recipients into the labor market due to their complex needs. Moreover, the paper examines how the social inclusion pathway and case management interventions in MI programs affect recipient's welfare within poverty-targeted programs. It notes the lack of evidence on the effectiveness and impact of social inclusion pathways within MIs and mentions ongoing evaluations in Spain, Italy, and France to address this gap." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The end of welfare states as we know them? A multidimensional perspective (2024)

    Sowula, Jakub ; Gehrig, Franziska; Scruggs, Lyle A. ; Ramalho Tafoya, Gabriela ; Seeleib-Kaiser, Martin;

    Zitatform

    Sowula, Jakub, Franziska Gehrig, Lyle A. Scruggs, Martin Seeleib-Kaiser & Gabriela Ramalho Tafoya (2024): The end of welfare states as we know them? A multidimensional perspective. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 58, H. 5, S. 785-799. DOI:10.1111/spol.12990

    Abstract

    "This article highlights the limitations of unidimensional analyses in the comparative welfare state literature and emphasises the need for a more holistic, multidimensional approach incorporating social spending, welfare state outputs and outcomes. To illustrate the utility of a multidimensional approach, we examine the long‐term welfare state trajectories of Sweden and Germany, prototypical social‐democratic and conservative welfare states, respectively, and compare them against the baseline of Europe's prototypical liberal welfare state, the United Kingdom. The social spending (expenditure) and output (generosity) allowed us to identify significant changes in the Swedish welfare state (i.e., retrenchment). The outcome dimension alerts us to a policy drift in the German Welfare State, as relatively stable public spending and welfare generosity until the first half of the 2000s were nonetheless associated with sharply increased inequality and poverty. Overall, our findings suggest that a holistic, multidimensional approach is necessary to fully understand the complexities of welfare state change and continuity, as focusing solely on one dimension can lead to analytical misjudgments. The sharp rise in inequality and poverty across countries raises doubts about whether policymakers and researchers rely too much on outdated assumptions of normality that fail to meet the welfare state realities of today." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Long‐Run Effects of Dynamically Assigned Treatments: A New Methodology and an Evaluation of Training Effects on Earnings (2022)

    Berg, Gerard J. van den; Vikström, Johan;

    Zitatform

    Berg, Gerard J. van den & Johan Vikström (2022): Long‐Run Effects of Dynamically Assigned Treatments: A New Methodology and an Evaluation of Training Effects on Earnings. In: Econometrica, Jg. 90, H. 3, S. 1337-1354. DOI:10.3982/ecta17522

    Abstract

    "We propose and implement a new method to estimate treatment effects in settings where individuals need to be in a certain state (e.g., unemployment) to be eligible for a treatment, treatments may commence at different points in time, and the outcome of interest is realized after the individual left the initial state. An example concerns the effect of training on earnings in subsequent employment. Any evaluation needs to take into account that some of those who are not trained at a certain time in unemployment will leave unemployment before training while others will be trained later. We are interested in effects of the treatment at a certain elapsed duration compared to “no treatment at any subsequent duration.” We prove identification under unconfoundedness and propose inverse probability weighting estimators. A key feature is that weights given to outcome observations of nontreated depend on the remaining time in the initial state. We study effects of a training program for unemployed workers in Sweden. Estimates are positive and sizeable, exceeding those obtained with common static methods. This calls for a reappraisal of training as a tool to bring unemployed back to work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The Unequal Cost of Job Loss across Countries (2022)

    Bertheau, Antoine ; Lombardi, Stefano ; Saggio, Raffaele; Barceló, Cristina; Gulyas, Andreas ; Acabbi, Edoardo;

    Zitatform

    Bertheau, Antoine, Edoardo Acabbi, Cristina Barceló, Andreas Gulyas, Stefano Lombardi & Raffaele Saggio (2022): The Unequal Cost of Job Loss across Countries. (IZA discussion paper 15033), Bonn, 49 S.

    Abstract

    "We document the consequences of losing a job across countries using a harmonized research design. Workers in Denmark and Sweden experience the lowest earnings declines following job displacement, while workers in Italy, Spain, and Portugal experience losses three times as high. French and Austrian workers face earnings losses somewhere in-between. Key to these differences is that Southern European workers are less likely to find employment following displacement. Loss of employer-specific wage premiums accounts for 40% to 95% of within-country wage declines. The use of active labor market policies predicts a significant portion of the cross-country heterogeneity in earnings losses." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Labour market protection across space and time: A revised typology and a taxonomy of countries' trajectories of change (2022)

    Ferragina, Emanuele ; Filetti, Federico Danilo ;

    Zitatform

    Ferragina, Emanuele & Federico Danilo Filetti (2022): Labour market protection across space and time: A revised typology and a taxonomy of countries' trajectories of change. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 32, H. 2, S. 148-165. DOI:10.1177/09589287211056222

    Abstract

    "We measure and interpret the evolution of labour market protection across 21 high-income countries over three decades, employing as conceptual foundations the ‘regime varieties’ and ‘trajectories of change’ developed by Esping-Andersen, Estevez-Abe, Hall and Soskice, and Thelen. We measure labour market protection considering four institutional dimensions – employment protection, unemployment protection, income maintenance and activation – and the evolution of the workforce composition. This measurement accounts for the joint evolution of labour market institutions, their complementarities and their relation to outcomes, and mitigate the unrealistic Average Production Worker assumption. We handle the multi-dimensional nature of labour market protection with Principal Component Analysis and capture the characteristics of countries’ trajectories of change with a composite score. We contribute to the literature in three ways. (1) We portray a revised typology that accounts for processes of change between 1990 and 2015, and that clusters regime varieties on the basis of coordination and solidarity levels, that is, Central/Northern European, Southern European, liberal. (2) We illustrate that, despite a persistent gap, a large majority of Coordinated Market Economies experiencing a decline in the level of labour market protection became more similar to Liberal Market Economies. (3) We develop a fivefold taxonomy of countries’ trajectories of change (liberalization, dualization, flexibility, de-dualization and higher protection), showing that these trajectories are not always path-dependent and consistent with regime varieties previously developed in the literature." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Ethnic Stereotypes and Entry into Labor Market Programs (2021)

    Arai, Mahmood ; Rödin, Magnus; Gartell, Marie; Özcan, Gülay ;

    Zitatform

    Arai, Mahmood, Marie Gartell, Magnus Rödin & Gülay Özcan (2021): Ethnic Stereotypes and Entry into Labor Market Programs. In: ILR review, Jg. 74, H. 2, S. 293-320. DOI:10.1177/0019793919899937

    Abstract

    "The authors examine the impact of ethnic bias based on public employment officers' decisions when choosing whom to recommend for participation in a labor market program. On the basis of an experiment that uses job seekers' own portrait photographs, their recorded voices, and their real names, findings show that when recommending job seekers for labor market programs, female caseworkers are not affected by job seekers' appearance, but male caseworkers favor job seekers who are perceived to have a stereotypical Swedish appearance. Moreover, the authors find that, as intended by the guidelines of the Swedish Public Employment Service, both male and female caseworkers favor job seekers perceived, based on the job seekers' recorded voice, to have a foreign background. The authors' conclusions suggest that when no explicit guidelines are provided for addressing the impact of ethnic stereotypes on selection for training programs, a risk of bias based on ethnic stereotypes of physical appearance exists." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Street-level bureaucrats under new managerialism: a comparative study of agency cultures and caseworker role identities in two welfare state bureaucracies (2020)

    Jacobsson, Kerstin ; Wallinder, Ylva; Seing, Ida ;

    Zitatform

    Jacobsson, Kerstin, Ylva Wallinder & Ida Seing (2020): Street-level bureaucrats under new managerialism: a comparative study of agency cultures and caseworker role identities in two welfare state bureaucracies. In: Journal of Professions and Organization, Jg. 7, H. 3, S. 316-333. DOI:10.1093/jpo/joaa015

    Abstract

    "Officials in welfare state bureaucracies face the challenge of negotiating their role identities in the context of changeable organizational priorities and managerial styles. Previous studies have found that the professional values may mediate top-down demands and enable the preservation of professional autonomy also under public management reforms. But how do street-level bureaucrats who lack a common professional or occupational training respond to shifting organizational demands? Based on comparative ethnography, the present article investigates how caseworkers’ role identities are conceived and practised in two of the largest state bureaucracies in Sweden, the Social Insurance Agency (SIA) and the Public Employment Service (PES). The article identifies two radically different agency cultures, resulting in rather opposite caseworker role identities. These role identities affect how front-line staff respond to organizational demands, either by focusing externally on client-related outcomes (PES) or internally on organizational output (SIA). The analysis suggests that agency culture may shape caseworker responses to governance in patterned ways, also in the absence of joint professional training or strong occupational communities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Levelling the playing field? Active labour market policies, educational attainment and unemployment (2019)

    Benda, Luc; Koster, Ferry ; Veen, Romke van der ;

    Zitatform

    Benda, Luc, Ferry Koster & Romke van der Veen (2019): Levelling the playing field? Active labour market policies, educational attainment and unemployment. In: The International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, Jg. 39, H. 3/4, S. 276-295. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-08-2018-0138

    Abstract

    "The purpose of this paper is to investigate how active labour market policy (ALMP) training programmes and hiring subsidies increase or decrease differences in the unemployment risk between lesser and higher educated people during an economic downturn. A focus is put on potential job competition dynamics and cumulative (dis)advantages of the lesser and higher educated" (Author's abstract, © Emerald Group) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Employer-oriented labour market policies in Sweden: Creating jobs and the division of labour in the public sector (2019)

    Castillo, Daniel ;

    Zitatform

    Castillo, Daniel (2019): Employer-oriented labour market policies in Sweden: Creating jobs and the division of labour in the public sector. In: International social security review, Jg. 72, H. 2, S. 75-95. DOI:10.1111/issr.12200

    Abstract

    "In vielen europäischen Ländern sind Arbeitsmarktstrategien ins Zentrum der Aufmerksamkeit gerückt, mit denen die Arbeitgeber angehalten werden, Erwerbslosen den Weg zurück in die Arbeitswelt zu ermöglichen. Damit soll die Arbeitskräftenachfrage der Arbeitgeber gedeckt und ihr Wille beeinflusst werden, Erwerbslose verschiedener Gruppen (oft auch mit Behinderung) einzustellen, weiterzubilden oder anzuleiten. Dieser Artikel legt anhand einer qualitativen Interviewstudie mit Teilnehmern eines arbeitgeberorientierten Programms in einer mittelgroßen Stadt in Schweden dar, wie diese Strategien zur Beeinflussung der Arbeitgeber eingesetzt werden, um diese dazu zu bewegen, erwerbslose Arbeitnehmer einzustellen, und wie sich die dadurch geschaffenen Arbeitsplätze von regulären Arbeitsplätzen unterscheiden. Der Artikel kommt zum Schluss, dass die Schaffung von Arbeitsplätzen durch neue Vorkehrungen für die Arbeitsteilung mit dem Ziel, die regulären Mitarbeiter von unqualifizierten Aufgaben zu entlasten, den Willen der Arbeitgeber beeinflussen kann, Erwerbslose einzustellen, sofern diese Maßnahmen durch andere politische Instrumente ergänzt werden. Es wird jedoch auch gezeigt, dass diese neue Arbeitsteilung, bei der die Teilnehmer des Programms hauptsächlich Aufgaben ausführen, für die keine Qualifikation erforderlich ist, schwierig umzusetzen ist, da die neu Eingestellten nach und nach immer mehr Aufgaben übernehmen, die zuvor von den regulär Beschäftigten erledigt wurden." (Autorenreferat, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Does job search assistance reduce unemployment?: Experimental evidence on displacement effects and mechanisms (2019)

    Cheung, Maria; Egebark, Johan; Laun, Lisa ; Rödin, Magnus; Forslund, Anders ; Vikström, Johan;

    Zitatform

    Cheung, Maria, Johan Egebark, Anders Forslund, Lisa Laun, Magnus Rödin & Johan Vikström (2019): Does job search assistance reduce unemployment? Experimental evidence on displacement effects and mechanisms. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2019,25), Uppsala, 52 S.

    Abstract

    "This paper uses a large-scale two-level randomized experiment to study direct and displacement effects of job search assistance. Our findings show that the assistance reduces unemployment among the treated, but also creates substantial displacement leading to higher unemployment for the non-treated. By using detailed information on caseworker and job seeker behavior we show that vacancy referrals passed on from caseworkers to job seekers is the driving mechanism behind the positive direct effect. We also examine explanations for the displacement effect and show that displacement is not due to constrained resources, but arises in the labor market. A comparison between different meeting formats suggests that face-to-face meetings and distance meetings are more effective than group meetings. Despite the existence of displacement effects, when we incorporate our results into an equilibrium search model we find that a complete roll-out of the program would lead to lower unemployment and slightly reduced government spending." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Employment outcomes and policies in Sweden during recent decades (2019)

    Forslund, Anders ;

    Zitatform

    Forslund, Anders (2019): Employment outcomes and policies in Sweden during recent decades. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2019,15), Uppsala, 53 S.

    Abstract

    "The Swedish employment rate is high in an international comparison and has been rising during recent decades. This pattern is especially pronounced among the elderly and women and reflects labour supply behaviour in these groups. The policy survey in this report suggests that the main drivers of the high and rising Swedish employment rates can be found in policies for early retirement, old-age pensions and taxes and benefits." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Labour market regulations and high quality employment in EU-15 countries (2018)

    Bilbao-Ubillos, Javier; Intxaurburu, Gurutze; Alsasua, Jesús-Luis; Ullibarri-Arce, Miren;

    Zitatform

    Bilbao-Ubillos, Javier, Jesús-Luis Alsasua, Gurutze Intxaurburu & Miren Ullibarri-Arce (2018): Labour market regulations and high quality employment in EU-15 countries. In: Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, Jg. 31, H. 3, S. 207-226. DOI:10.1080/13511610.2017.1384366

    Abstract

    "The elements that we usually include under the concept of 'labour market institutions' exert a clear influence on the workings of the labour market. However, the assessment of labour market policies and institutions remains mostly focused on their impact on the quantity of jobs, while people's well-being depends crucially on how good their jobs are. This paper is a modest attempt to contribute some evidence and insight to the debate on the effects that particular institutional configurations have on the generation of high-quality employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Wage subsidies, job-displacement and Swedish firms: a comparison between policy systems (2018)

    Lombardi, Stefano ; Vikström, Johan; Nordström Skans, Oskar ;

    Zitatform

    Lombardi, Stefano, Oskar Nordström Skans & Johan Vikström (2018): Wage subsidies, job-displacement and Swedish firms. A comparison between policy systems. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2018,06), Uppsala, 35 S.

    Abstract

    "This paper studies how New Start Jobs (Nystartsjobb) and Employment Subsidies (Anstallningsstod) affect Swedish firms. We study effects on the number of employees, firm performance and other firm level outcomes. We use Swedish administrative data from the period 1998-2008. One result is that treated firms substantially outperform other recruiting firms after hiring through subsidies, both in terms of the number of employees and in terms of various production measures, despite having identical pre-match trajectories. This pattern is clear for the period with Employment Subsidies, but less clear for the period with New Start Jobs. For New Starts Jobs we instead see that they have a clear positive effect on firms' survival rates. Overall, our results suggest that targeted employment subsidies can have large positive effects on post-match outcomes of the hiring firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Labor market reforms and unemployment dynamics (2018)

    Murtin, Fabrice ; Robin, Jean-Marc ;

    Zitatform

    Murtin, Fabrice & Jean-Marc Robin (2018): Labor market reforms and unemployment dynamics. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 3-19. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2016.05.025

    Abstract

    "We quantify the contribution of labor market reforms to unemployment dynamics in nine OECD countries (Australia, France, Germany, Japan, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, UK, US). We estimate a dynamic stochastic search-matching model with heterogeneous workers and aggregate productivity shocks. The heterogeneous-worker mechanism proposed by Robin (2011) explains unemployment volatility by productivity shocks well in all countries. Placement and employment services, UI benefit reduction and product market deregulation are found to be the most prominent policy levers for unemployment reduction. Business cycle shocks and LMPs explain about the same share of unemployment volatility (except for Japan, Portugal and the US)." (Author's abstract, © 2016 Elsevier) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Beschäftigtentransfer stärken!: Lehren aus einem internationalen Vergleich (2018)

    Reissert, Bernd;

    Zitatform

    Reissert, Bernd (2018): Beschäftigtentransfer stärken! Lehren aus einem internationalen Vergleich. (WISO Diskurs 2018,11), Bonn, 20 S.

    Abstract

    "Transfergesellschaften sind das wichtigste Instrument des Beschäftigtentransfers in Deutschland. Dennoch erreichen sie nur etwa ein bis zwei Prozent aller Arbeitnehmer_innen, die ihren Arbeitsplatz durch Stellenabbau oder Betriebsschließung verlieren. Der Beschäftigtentransfer, der den Betroffenen dazu verhelfen soll, ohne größere Unterbrechung eine dauerhafte Anschlussbeschäftigung zu finden, spielt in der deutschen Arbeitsmarktpolitik bislang nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. Für einen sich verschärfenden Strukturwandel erscheint Deutschland damit nur schwach gerüstet. Das vorliegende Papier legt zunächst die schwierigen Rahmenbedingungen dar, denen Transfergesellschaften in Deutschland unterliegen. Das Instrument der Transfergesellschaft verbindet Elemente des kollektiven Arbeitsrechts mit Elementen der öffentlichen Arbeitsförderung. Diese Konstruktion führt in der Praxis zu einer Vielzahl von Hindernissen, die die Nutzung des Instruments - trotz seiner nachweisbaren Erfolge und Vorteile - erheblich erschweren. In den anschließenden Kapiteln wendet sich das Papier den drei ausgewählten internationalen Beispielen zu und erläutert die Hintergründe der auf tarifvertraglicher Grundlage errichteten Arbeitssicherungsstiftungen (Job Security Councils) in Schweden, der in Kooperation von Gewerkschaften und Arbeitsverwaltung betriebenen Cellules de Reconversion in der belgischen Wallonie und der verschiedenen Varianten der Arbeitsstiftungen in Österreich. Der Vergleich mit den drei genannten Ländern kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass das System des Beschäftigtentransfers in Deutschland vor allem drei Schwächen aufweist. Erstens erreicht der Beschäftigtentransfer in Deutschland nur einen sehr viel kleineren Anteil der Beschäftigten als in Belgien und Österreich und vor allem in Schweden. Zweitens ist der Zugang für Arbeitnehmer_innen aus kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU), aus kleineren Restrukturierungsfällen und aus Betrieben ohne Betriebsrat zum Beschäftigtentransfer in Deutschland wesentlich schwieriger als in Schweden und Belgien (und teilweise auch in Österreich). Und drittens hat die Qualifizierung für einen dauerhaften neuen Arbeitsplatz im deutschen Beschäftigtentransfer eine geringere Bedeutung als in Schweden und Österreich. Die im Abschlusskapitel formulierten Reformvorschläge für Deutschland zielen damit sowohl auf breitere Zugänge in den Beschäftigtentransfer (vor allem aus KMU) als auch auf die Stärkung der Qualifizierung in Transfergesellschaften ab. Diese Reformschritte sollten angepackt werden, damit der Beschäftigtentransfer einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Bewältigung eines beschleunigten Strukturwandels leisten kann." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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