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Evaluation der Arbeitsmarktpolitik

Arbeitsmarktpolitik soll neben der Wirtschafts- und Strukturpolitik sowie der Arbeitszeit- und Lohnpolitik einen Beitrag zur Bewältigung der Arbeitslosigkeit leisten. Aber ist sie dabei auch erfolgreich und stehen die eingebrachten Mittel in einem angemessenen Verhältnis zu den erzielten Wirkungen? Die Evaluationsforschung geht der Frage nach den Beschäftigungseffekten und den sozialpolitischen Wirkungen auf individueller und gesamtwirtschaftlicher Ebene nach. Das Dossier bietet weiterführende Informationen zu Evaluationsmethoden und den Wirkungen von einzelnen Maßnahmen für verschiedene Zielgruppen.

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Heterogeneity in labor mobility and unemployment flows across countries (2023)

    Créchet, Jonathan;

    Zitatform

    Créchet, Jonathan (2023): Heterogeneity in labor mobility and unemployment flows across countries. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 155. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2023.104441

    Abstract

    "Empirical studies of labor-market flows suggest cross-country differences in long-run aggregate unemployment inflows and outflows of a strikingly large magnitude. The canonical search-and-matching framework of Mortensen and Pissarides (1994, 1999b; the MP model) features small elasticities of steady-state unemployment flows with respect to firing costs, at odds with the idea that labor-market institutions such as employment protection policies are a primary driver of this variation. This paper shows that introducing permanent match-quality heterogeneity in the standard MP model substantially amplifies these elasticities. It then develops a quantitative search model with worker and job heterogeneity consistent with U.S. worker-flow data. This model implies that employment protection differences plausibly account for most of the long-run unemployment-flow variation across high-income countries. In sharp contrast, shutting down heterogeneity implies that large changes in matching efficiency are required to explain the same cross-country variation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Active and passive labor-market policies: the outlook from the Beveridge curve (2023)

    Destefanis, Sergio ; Fragetta, Matteo; Ruggiero, Nazzareno ;

    Zitatform

    Destefanis, Sergio, Matteo Fragetta & Nazzareno Ruggiero (2023): Active and passive labor-market policies: the outlook from the Beveridge curve. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 55, H. 55, S. 6538-6550. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2022.2159010

    Abstract

    "Following a panel ARDL approach, we appraise the impact of various indicators of active and passive labor-market policies within the framework of the Beveridge curve across fourteen OECD countries from 1985 to 2013, controlling for other factors, both institutional (tax wedge) and structural (technological progress, globalization). We embed the role of these variables within the specification of the Beveridge curve, finding that the generosity of unemployment benefits has a detrimental impact on labor-market matching, with the duration of benefits and the strictness of the rules pertaining to the deployment of benefits taking a key role in driving this result. Among active labor-market policies, employment incentives and especially training have a favourable effect on matching. There is evidence of a virtuous interaction between active and passive policies. A significantly detrimental role emerges for the tax wedge. These results are consistent across various specifications, and structural relationships are stable throughout the 2008–2013 period." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Can Workforce Development Help Us Reach Full Employment? (2023)

    Holzer, Harry J. ;

    Zitatform

    Holzer, Harry J. (2023): Can Workforce Development Help Us Reach Full Employment? (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16624), Bonn, 24 S.

    Abstract

    "In this paper, I review the potential of workforce development programs to help the US get closer to "full employment." First, I provide some background on workforce development in the US, and also on the aggregate employment/labor force issues that workforce programs may or may not address. Then I review the empirical evidence on job training and other forms of workforce development, in terms of impacts on employment (as opposed to earnings). I briefly consider how the US experience in this regard compares and contrasts with that of other countries in the EU or OECD, and what we might learn from them. I conclude that more and better workforce development could help somewhat to achieve lower unemployment and higher labor force participation in the US, though we also need a range of other policies to achieve these goals." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Firm Closures and Labor Market Policies in Europe: Evidence from Retrospective Longitudinal Data (2023)

    Theodoropoulos, Nikolaos ; Voucharas, Georgios;

    Zitatform

    Theodoropoulos, Nikolaos & Georgios Voucharas (2023): Firm Closures and Labor Market Policies in Europe. Evidence from Retrospective Longitudinal Data. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 1288), Essen, 35 S.

    Abstract

    "We examine the impact of active and passive labor market policies expenditures on the probability of re-employment, re-employment duration, unemployment duration, and re-employment wages in the case of job displacements due to firm closures. We use retrospective homogeneous longitudinal data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe and OECD data for 24 countries over the period 1985-2017 and we operate within alternative econometric frameworks. Our findings suggest that, in contrast to passive labor market policies, investing in active labor market policies increases the re-employment probability and the re-employment duration, reduces the risk of staying unemployed, and leads to higher wages at the lower end of the conditional wage distribution. Passive labor market policies estimates offset active labor market estimates and their interaction effect is always negative, but complementarities effects are found for Northern countries. By breaking down active and passive labor market policies into eight subcomponents, our results indicate that they have significant heterogeneous effects within and across labor market outcomes. Further, expenditures on labor market policies vary substantially across regions. For instance, active labor market policies have a stronger impact for Eastern countries, whereas passive labor market policies such as out-of-work income has a positive impact for Southern countries. Further, females are found to benefit more from active labor market policies in terms of re-employment probability, duration of re-employment, and risk of unemployment, but not in terms of wages, compared to males. Policymakers may consider the importance of implementing diverse reforms tailored to different countries and groups to enhance the effectiveness of labor market policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    OECD-Wirtschaftsberichte: Deutschland 2023 (2023)

    Zitatform

    OECD (2023): OECD-Wirtschaftsberichte: Deutschland 2023. (OECD-Wirtschaftsberichte. Deutschland), Paris, 178 S. DOI:10.1787/80df9211-de

    Abstract

    "Nach zehn Jahren mit dynamischem exportinduziertem Wachstum, sinkender Arbeitslosigkeit und Haushaltsüberschüssen zeigten die Pandemie und die Energiekrise, dass Deutschland strukturelle Schwachstellen aufweist und seine ökologische und digitale Transformation unbedingt beschleunigen muss. Gleichzeitig erhöht die rasche Bevölkerungsalterung den Druck auf die öffentlichen Finanzen und verschärft den Fachkräftemangel. Um das Arbeitsangebot zu erhöhen, ist es wichtig, die Steuern und Abgaben auf Arbeit insbesondere für Geringqualifizierte und Zweitverdienende zu senken, die Fachkräftemigration zu erleichtern und die Aus‑ und Weiterbildung zu verbessern. Eine modernisierte Verwaltung mit weniger Bürokratie und besseren öffentlichen Dienstleistungen würde sich positiv auf die wirtschaftliche Dynamik und die Innovationstätigkeit auswirken. Um den hohen Investitionsbedarf zu decken und gleichzeitig die Tragfähigkeit der öffentlichen Finanzen zu wahren, müssen Steuervergünstigen abgebaut werden, denn häufig sind sie verzerrend, regressiv oder umweltschädlich. Außerdem gilt es, den Steuervollzug zu stärken, die Ausgabeneffizienz im öffentlichen Sektor zu erhöhen und die Ausgaben besser zu priorisieren. Das Ziel der Klimaneutralität bis 2045 erfordert kosteneffiziente Maßnahmen, damit weder die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit noch der soziale Zusammenhalt geschwächt werden. Deutschland sollte die CO2 ‑Bepreisung ausweiten, sie aber mit gut konzipierten sektorspezifischen Bestimmungen und Beihilfen kombinieren, um insbesondere grüne FuE zu fördern, den Ausbau nachhaltiger Verkehrs‑ und Stromnetzinfrastrukturen voranzutreiben und den Wohngebäudesektor zu dekarbonisieren. Die Einnahmen aus der CO2 ‑Bepreisung können Niedrigeinkommenshaushalten zugutekommen und die aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitik verbessern. Dies würde den sozialen Zusammenhalt stärken." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Social Investment, Employment and Policy and Institutional Complementarities: A Comparative Analysis across 26 OECD Countries (2022)

    Bakker, Vincent ; van Vliet, Olaf ;

    Zitatform

    Bakker, Vincent & Olaf van Vliet (2022): Social Investment, Employment and Policy and Institutional Complementarities: A Comparative Analysis across 26 OECD Countries. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 51, H. 4, S. 728-750. DOI:10.1017/S0047279421000386

    Abstract

    "Raising employment has been at the heart of EU strategies for over twenty years. Social investment, by now a widely debated topic in the comparative welfare state literature, has been suggested as a way to pursue this. However, there are only a couple of systematic comparative analyses that focus on the employment outcomes associated with social investment. Analyses of the interdependence of these policies with regard to their outcomes are even more scarce. We empirically analyse the extent to which variation in employment rates within 26 OECD countries over the period 1990-2010 can be explained by effort on five social investment policies. We additionally explore the role of policy and institutional complementarities. Using time-series cross-section analyses we find robust evidence for a positive association between effort on ALMPs and employment rates. For other policies we obtain mixed results. ALMPs are the only policies for which we observe signs of policy interdependence, which point at diminishing marginal returns. Additionally, our analysis demonstrates that the interdependence of social investment policies varies across welfare state regimes. Together, this indicates that the employment outcomes of social investment policies are also contingent on the broader framework of welfare state policies and institutions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The decline in the wage share: falling bargaining power of labour or technological progress? Industry-level evidence from the OECD (2022)

    Guschanski, Alexander ; Onaran, Özlem ;

    Zitatform

    Guschanski, Alexander & Özlem Onaran (2022): The decline in the wage share: falling bargaining power of labour or technological progress? Industry-level evidence from the OECD. In: Socio-economic review, Jg. 20, H. 3, S. 1091-1124. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwaa031

    Abstract

    "We investigate whether the downward trend in the wage share is driven by technological change or a decline in labour’s bargaining power. We present an econometric analysis using industry-level data for 14 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries for the 1970–2014 period and test whether the determinants of the wage share differ between manufacturing and service industries, between workers of different skill groups and across countries with different bargaining regimes. Our findings suggest that the wage share declined due to a fall in labour’s bargaining power driven by offshoring to developing countries and changes in labour market institutions such as union density, social government expenditure and minimum wages. In contrast, the effect of technological change is not robust. While we find evidence for a negative effect on medium-skilled workers, our results cast doubt on the hypothesis of skill-biased technological change." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    No activation without reconciliation? The interplay between ALMP and ECEC in relation to women employment unemployment and inactivity in 30 OECD countries 1985-2018 (2022)

    Nieuwenhuis, Rense ;

    Zitatform

    Nieuwenhuis, Rense (2022): No activation without reconciliation? The interplay between ALMP and ECEC in relation to women employment unemployment and inactivity in 30 OECD countries 1985-2018. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 56, H. 5, S. 808-826. DOI:10.1111/spol.12806

    Abstract

    "Comparative welfare state research as examined the outcomes of active labour market policies (ALMP) and work-family reconciliation policies by and large been separately. As a result, potential complementarities between these policy areas have received scant attention empirically. Using macro-level data, this study answers the question to what extent, and in which way, governments' efforts in ALMP and in early childhood education and care (ECEC) services are complementary to each other in promoting women's employment rates and reducing women's unemployment and inactivity rates in 30 OECD countries from 1985 to 2018. The article theorises about how the various policies that constitute a welfare state relate to each other, distinguishing between pluralism, complementarity and substitutability. These findings provide support for the notion of welfare pluralism, in the sense that ALMP and ECEC policies work together in improving women's employment rates in slightly different ways: ALMP achieve this through reducing women's unemployment rates, whereas ECEC also achieve lower inactivity rates for women. There was, however, more support for the notion of substitution rather than complementarity: the marginal benefits associated with an increase in either ALMP or ECEC were smaller in the context of large investments in the other policy. In other words, the highest rates of women's employment, and the lowest rates of unemployment and inactivity, are found in countries with large investments in both ALMP and ECEC, but such higher investments are associated with diminishing returns." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    No activation without reconciliation? The interplay between ALMP and ECEC in relation to women employment unemployment and inactivity in 30 OECD countries 1985-2018 (2022)

    Nieuwenhuis, Rense ;

    Zitatform

    Nieuwenhuis, Rense (2022): No activation without reconciliation? The interplay between ALMP and ECEC in relation to women employment unemployment and inactivity in 30 OECD countries 1985-2018. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2022,04), Uppsala, 36 S.

    Abstract

    "Comparative welfare state research has mostly examined the outcomes of active labour market policies and work-family reconciliation policies separately. As a result, potential complementarities between these policy areas have received scant attention empirically. Using macro-level data, this study answers the question to what extent, and in which way, governments' efforts in active labour market policies (ALMP) and in early childhood education and care (ECEC) services are correlated with women's employment rates, women's unemployment and inactivity rates in 30 OECD countries from 1985 to 2018. The article theorizes about how the various policies that constitute a welfare state relate to each other, distinguishing between pluralism, complementarity and substitutability. I interpret the empirical findings as being consistent with welfare pluralism, in the sense that ALMP and ECEC policies work together in improving women's employment rates in slightly different ways: ALMP is associated with low female unemployment rates, whereas ECEC also is associated with lower inactivity rates for women. There was, however, more support for the notion of substitution rather than complementarity: the marginal benefits associated with an increase in either ALMP or ECEC were smaller in the context of large investments in the other policy. In other words, the highest rates of women's employment, and the lowest rates of unemployment and inactivity, are found in countries with large investments in both ALMP and ECEC, but such higher investments are associated with diminishing returns." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The impact of labour market institutions on income inequality: evidence from OECD countries (2021)

    Fortuna, Natércia; Neto, António ;

    Zitatform

    Fortuna, Natércia & António Neto (2021): The impact of labour market institutions on income inequality: evidence from OECD countries. In: Applied Economics Letters, Jg. 28, H. 13, S. 1110-1113. DOI:10.1080/13504851.2020.1803474

    Abstract

    "Using data from 35 OECD countries for the 1993–2017 period, this paper shows that stronger Labour Market Institutions (LMI), such as trade unions and bargaining coverage, contribute to a decrease in income inequality measured by the Gini coefficient. Additionally, there seems to be a positive interaction effect between unions and bargaining coverage. The marginal impact of trade unions (bargaining coverage) is enhanced by the presence of high levels of bargaining coverage (trade unions). Notwithstanding, this impact seems to be higher for bargaining coverage. On average, an increase in unions’ density (bargaining coverage) by 1% leads to an estimated decrease in inequality by 0.30% (0.35%), ceteris paribus." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Reducing unemployment? Examining the interplay between active labour market policies (2021)

    Fredriksson, Daniel ;

    Zitatform

    Fredriksson, Daniel (2021): Reducing unemployment? Examining the interplay between active labour market policies. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 55, H. 1, S. 1-17. DOI:10.1111/spol.12606

    Abstract

    "Active labour market policies (ALMP) are important tools that welfare states utilize to influence the labour market. This study analyses the macroeconomic effects of different types of ALMP spending on aggregate unemployment rates, and especially if there is evidence of interdependencies between policies. The types of policies scrutinized are public employment services (PES), training programs, public job creation and subsidized employment, where the PES is singled out as a crucial factor that moderates the effects of other types of labour market programs. The study examines 19 welfare states between 1985 and 2013, using error correction modelling to separate between short- and long-term effects. The results indicate that PES, training and subsidized employment reduce unemployment in the short-run, whereas PES and wage subsidies are associated with reduced unemployment when considering long-term effects. However, PES is found to have indirect effects on other policy types and increased spending on PES is shown to reinforce long-term effects of training programs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The long game: Fiscal outlooks to 2060 underline need for structural reform (2021)

    Guillemette, Yvan; Turner, David;

    Zitatform

    Guillemette, Yvan & David Turner (2021): The long game: Fiscal outlooks to 2060 underline need for structural reform. (OECD economic policy papers 29), Paris, 44 S. DOI:10.1787/a112307e-en

    Abstract

    "This paper updates the long-term scenarios to 2060 last published in July 2018, with a special focus on fiscal sustainability and risks. In a baseline economic and fiscal scenario, trend real GDP growth for the OECD + G20 area declines from around 3% post-COVID to 1½ per cent in 2060, mainly due to a deceleration of large emerging-market economies. Meanwhile, secular trends such as population ageing and the rising relative price of services will keep adding pressure on government budgets. Without policy changes, maintaining current public service standards and benefits while keeping public debt ratios stable at current levels would increase fiscal pressure in the median OECD country by nearly 8 percentage points of GDP between 2021 and 2060, and much more in some countries. Policy scenarios show that reforms to labour market and retirement policies could help boost living standards and alleviate future fiscal pressures. An ambitious reform package combining labour market reforms to raise employment rates with reforms to eliminate early retirement pathways and keep effective retirement ages rising by two thirds of future gains in life expectancy could halve the projected increase in fiscal pressure in the median country, even after taking into account future spending pressures associated with ageing." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Determinants of ins and outs of unemployment (2020)

    Ductor, Lorenzo; Grechyna, Daryna;

    Zitatform

    Ductor, Lorenzo & Daryna Grechyna (2020): Determinants of ins and outs of unemployment. In: Applied Economics Letters, Jg. 27, H. 11, S. 892-898. DOI:10.1080/13504851.2019.1646858

    Abstract

    "We estimate the robust determinants of the inflow rate into and outflow rate from unemployment in a sample of OECD countries, using Bayesian model averaging approach to overcome model uncertainty. We find that the main determinant of outflows from unemployment is expenditure on passive labour market policies, while the main determinant of inflows into the unemployment is the duration of benefit entitlement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Active labor market policies: Lessons from other countries for the United States (2019)

    Bown, Chad P.; Freund, Caroline;

    Zitatform

    Bown, Chad P. & Caroline Freund (2019): Active labor market policies. Lessons from other countries for the United States. (Working paper / Peterson Institute for International Economics 2019-02), Washington, DC, 12 S.

    Abstract

    "US labor force participation has been weak in recent decades, especially during the recovery of the financial crisis of 2007 - 09. This paper examines several programs that governments in other advanced industrial countries have established to help jobless workers continue to seek employment, not drop out of the labor force, and ultimately find jobs. These programs more actively support out-of-work citizens by facilitating matches between workers and firms, helping workers in their job searches, and sometimes creating jobs when none are available in the private sector. The evidence presented in this paper concludes that job placement services, training, wage subsidies, and other labor adjustment policies can be used to successfully help workers find employment and remain tied to the labor market. By contrast, direct job creation through public works projects and other government programs are less effective in helping workers over the long run." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Labour-market institutions, (un)employment, wages, and growth: theory and data (2018)

    Afonso, Óscar ; Bandeira, Ana Maria ; Magalhães, Manuela ;

    Zitatform

    Afonso, Óscar, Ana Maria Bandeira & Manuela Magalhães (2018): Labour-market institutions, (un)employment, wages, and growth. Theory and data. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 50, H. 6, S. 613-633. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2017.1332748

    Abstract

    "We analyse the implications of labour-market institutions on wage inequality in favour of skilled labour, on relative unemployment of unskilled labour, and on the economic growth rate in two clusters resulting from 27 OECD countries: Cluster 1, closely related with the Anglo-Saxon model, and Cluster 2, dominated by the Continental-European model. By linking the unskilled wage to the skilled one in Cluster 2, due to the indexation of social benefits to per-capita income, we accommodate the observed paths of the three variables in both clusters between 1991 and 2008: Cluster 1 presents a higher wage inequality in favour of skilled labour, a lower unemployment of the unskilled labour, and a better economic growth rate." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Labor market reforms and unemployment dynamics (2018)

    Murtin, Fabrice; Robin, Jean-Marc ;

    Zitatform

    Murtin, Fabrice & Jean-Marc Robin (2018): Labor market reforms and unemployment dynamics. In: Labour economics, Jg. 50, H. March, S. 3-19. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2016.05.025

    Abstract

    "We quantify the contribution of labor market reforms to unemployment dynamics in nine OECD countries (Australia, France, Germany, Japan, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, UK, US). We estimate a dynamic stochastic search-matching model with heterogeneous workers and aggregate productivity shocks. The heterogeneous-worker mechanism proposed by Robin (2011) explains unemployment volatility by productivity shocks well in all countries. Placement and employment services, UI benefit reduction and product market deregulation are found to be the most prominent policy levers for unemployment reduction. Business cycle shocks and LMPs explain about the same share of unemployment volatility (except for Japan, Portugal and the US)." (Author's abstract, © 2016 Elsevier) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The quantification of structural reforms (2018)

    Égert, Balázs;

    Zitatform

    Égert, Balázs (2018): The quantification of structural reforms. (OECD Economics Department working papers 1482), Paris, 39 S. DOI:10.1787/6d883be1-en

    Abstract

    "This paper summarises earlier OECD work aimed at quantifying the impact of structural reforms on economic outcomes. It overviews: i.) insights obtained for the linear relationships linking policies and economic outcomes (including multi-factor productivity, capital deepening and employment) for an almost complete set of OECD countries, ii.) non-linear results on how policies interact with each other in OECD countries, and iii.) results extended for emerging-market economies looking at whether policy effects vary across countries depending on the level of economic development and whether institutions have an influence on economic outcomes. The paper lists of policies and institutions that could be used to quantify the effect of reforms. It also gives some guidance on how to quantify reforms in OECD and non-OECD countries. It provides mid-point estimates of the long-run effects on per capita income levels through the three supply-side channels. Finally, it raises the issue of estimation and model uncertainty." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Practical pluralism in the empirical study of social investment: Examples from active labour-market policy (2017)

    Burgoon, Brian;

    Zitatform

    Burgoon, Brian (2017): Practical pluralism in the empirical study of social investment. Examples from active labour-market policy. In: A. Hemerijck (Hrsg.) (2017): The uses of social investment, S. 161-173. DOI:10.1093/oso/9780198790488.003.0014

    Abstract

    "This chapter explores the empirical challenges of understanding the socioeconomic implications of social investment welfare reform. Such understanding is crucial to gauging the pay-offs and pitfalls of social investment, but is also extremely difficult, given the complex character of social investment and its multiple and interacting consequences for work and well-being. Such complexity, the chapter contends, yields an unusually strong tension between relevance and rigour that dooms any dialogue among social scientists and practitioners with clashing methodological commitments. The present study argues in favour of a practical pluralism to facilitate such dialogue. This pluralism entails combining and comparing empirical work across the full spectrum of relevance and rigour. The chapter illustrates the problems and pluralist solutions with a combination of macro-country-year and macro-individual-year analysis of how active labour-market policies (ALMP) affect the poverty of vulnerable citizens." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Supporting jobseekers: how unemployment benefits can help unemployed workers and strengthen job creation (2015)

    Ernst, Ekkehard;

    Zitatform

    Ernst, Ekkehard (2015): Supporting jobseekers. How unemployment benefits can help unemployed workers and strengthen job creation. In: International social security review, Jg. 68, H. 3, S. 43-67. DOI:10.1111/issr.12079

    Abstract

    "Die rasante Zunahme der Arbeitslosigkeit seit 2008 aufgrund der globalen Finanzkrise hat dazu geführt, dass man sich wieder stärker dafür interessiert, wie sich gut gestaltete Arbeitslosenversicherungssysteme auf die Geschwindigkeit der Arbeitsmarkterholung und der Arbeitsplatzschaffung auswirken können. Anhand eines auf mikroökonomischen Prinzipien basierenden makroökonomischen Modells mit Daten aus einer neu eingerichteten Datenbank über Arbeitsmarktbewegungen werden im Artikel die Auswirkungen aktiver und passiver Arbeitsmarktausgaben auf das Beschäftigungswachstum und auf die öffentlichen Finanzen abgeschätzt. Gezeigt wird insbesondere, dass die Ausgaben für Arbeitslosenleistungen in einem durchschnittlichen G20-Land sowohl kurzfristig als auch langfristig zu einem Beschäftigungszuwachs führen, der über demjenigen von aktiven Arbeitsmarktmaßnahmen liegt. Außerdem wären die G20-Länder viel besser gefahren, wenn sie - anstatt ihre Haushaltsausgaben früh gering zu halten - eine weitere Verschlechterung ihrer öffentlichen Finanzen hingenommen hätten, um mehr für Sozialtransfers auszugeben und damit ein schnelleres Beschäftigungswachstum zu fördern, das auch für die Staatsfinanzen eine schnellere Erholung zur Folge gehabt hätte." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The macroeconomic impact of policies on labour market outcomes in OECD countries: a reassessment (2015)

    Gal, Peter; Theising, Adam;

    Zitatform

    Gal, Peter & Adam Theising (2015): The macroeconomic impact of policies on labour market outcomes in OECD countries. A reassessment. (OECD Economics Department working papers 1271), Paris, 65 S. DOI:10.1787/5jrqc6t8ktjf-en

    Abstract

    "This paper presents a first set of updates and extensions of the large body of existing evidence about the aggregate labour market impact of structural policies, in the context of enhancing the OECD's supply-side framework for the quantification of reform packages. In line with previous findings, elements of the tax benefit system, activation policies and wage setting institutions are found to be robust policy determinants of the aggregate employment and unemployment rates. Looking beyond the overall employment impact, outcomes for vulnerable groups such as the low educated, the youth and the elderly tend to be more affected by certain structural policies, including specific measures targeted at them. Finally, more competition-friendly product market regulations are also found to impact aggregate employment rates positively and significantly, although less robustly." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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