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Menschen mit Behinderungen in Ausbildung und Beruf

Mit dem Bundesteilhabegesetz und dem Nationalen Aktionsplan 2.0 wurden 2016 zwei wichtige behindertenpolitische Vorhaben angestoßen und in den Folgejahren umgesetzt und weiterentwickelt. Damit soll im Einklang mit der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention die Inklusion in Deutschland weiter vorangetrieben werden, indem die Selbstbestimmung und Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen gestärkt werden. Mit dem schrittweisen Inkrafttreten des Bundesteilhabegesetzes erfuhren das Recht der Rehabilitation und Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen und die Eingliederungshilfe (SGB IX) weitreichende Änderungen. Wie stellt sich die Situation von behinderten Menschen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt dar? Wie lassen sich behindertengerechte Berufsleben und inklusive Arbeitswelten gestalten?
Die Infoplattform stellt zentrale Dokumente und relevante Quellenhinweise zusammen, inhaltlich strukturiert nach den Aspekten der Politik für behinderte Menschen und den diskutierten bzw. realisierten Reformanstrengungen.

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Perceived organizational support and task performance of employees with disabilities: a need satisfaction and social identity perspectives (2023)

    Coll, Catherine; Mignonac, Karim ;

    Zitatform

    Coll, Catherine & Karim Mignonac (2023): Perceived organizational support and task performance of employees with disabilities: a need satisfaction and social identity perspectives. In: The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Jg. 34, H. 10, S. 2039-2073. DOI:10.1080/09585192.2022.2054284

    Abstract

    "In this article, we combine insights from basic psychological needs theory and the social identity approach to propose that perceptions of organizational support enhance the basic need satisfaction of employees with disabilities, which yields higher levels of task performance. We also suggest that disability group identification strengthens this mediational process. We tested our hypotheses with two quantitative field studies that were conducted in France and based on matched employee-supervisor data. Using a sample of employees working in companies that specialize in the employment of persons with disabilities, Study 1 aimed to provide initial evidence for the mediating role of basic need satisfaction. Study 2 aimed to replicate the findings of Study 1 in less specific contexts while testing the moderating role of disability group identification. Next, the methodological limitations of these investigations were addressed in two quantitative post hoc studies. The results of these studies support our model and generate new knowledge about whether, why and when the perception of favorable treatment contributes to the job performance of employees with disabilities. We also discuss the practical implications of our findings and provide suggestions for human resources managers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Disability and Labor Market Performance (2023)

    Collischon, Matthias ; Pohlan, Laura ; Hiesinger, Karolin ;

    Zitatform

    Collischon, Matthias, Karolin Hiesinger & Laura Pohlan (2023): Disability and Labor Market Performance. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16100), Bonn, 54 S.

    Abstract

    "This paper analyzes the individual-level effects of disability onset on labor market outcomes using novel administrative data from Germany. Combining propensity score matching techniques with an event-study design, we find lasting negative impacts on employment and wages. One important mechanism is transitions to nonemployment after disability onset: newly disabled individuals' probability of becoming nonemployed increases by 10 percentage points after one year and by 15 percentage points after five years relative to that of the control group. For those who stay in employment, working part-time and switching to less physically or psychosocially demanding jobs are important adjustment paths. The negative labor market effects of disability onset are more pronounced for severely disabled, older and low-skilled individuals." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Disability and Employment Policy in Canada: National Policy Variation for Working Age Individuals (2023)

    Dinan, Shannon ; Boucher, Normand;

    Zitatform

    Dinan, Shannon & Normand Boucher (2023): Disability and Employment Policy in Canada: National Policy Variation for Working Age Individuals. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 52, S. 719-739. DOI:10.1017/S0047279421000878

    Abstract

    "This article analyses and compares disability policies for working-age individuals in Canada with a focus on the mode of policy provision and type of measure to determine the degree to which direct funding is used in this country. To consider policy diversity in this federal system, policies are compared using a mixed-methods approach. Using quantitative methods, federal, provincial and territorial policies are first compared using hierarchical cluster analysis. This provides evidence of three distinct clusters in Canada according to policy provision and measure type. In a second, qualitative analysis, the disability strategies of four provinces’ (British Columbia, Ontario, Newfoundland and Labrador and Quebec) are compared, to determine over arching policy orientations. Findings indicate that policy provision in Canada largely favours money over services. Furthermore, most provinces emphasize either health or integration measures over substantive measures. Despite these commonalities, significant variation persists across Canada. This extends to poverty and disability reduction strategies with two of the four provinces having a broader orientation while the other two provinces focus specifically on employment as a means of social inclusion. The article concludes with a discussion on the state of employment policies for individuals with a disability in Canada." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Mindestlohn für Werkstattbeschäftigte?: Analyse der WfbM: Entgelte, soziale Sicherung und Übergänge zum Arbeitsmarkt (2023)

    Engels, Dietrich; Deremetz, Anne; Eibelshäuser, Svenja; Pracht, Arnold; Drygalski, Clarissa von; Welti, Felix; Schütz, Holger;

    Zitatform

    Engels, Dietrich, Anne Deremetz, Clarissa von Drygalski, Svenja Eibelshäuser, Arnold Pracht, Holger Schütz & Felix Welti (2023): Mindestlohn für Werkstattbeschäftigte? Analyse der WfbM: Entgelte, soziale Sicherung und Übergänge zum Arbeitsmarkt. In: Soziale Sicherheit, Jg. 72, H. 10, S. 356-362.

    Abstract

    "Das System der Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen (WfbM) bedarf einer Reform. Eine vorbereitende Analyse der aktuellen Situation und der möglichen Auswirkungen einer Umgestaltung kommt unter anderem zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Anwendung des Mindestlohngesetzes auf mindestens einen Teil der in Werkstätten Beschäftigten bereits jetzt geboten sein könnte." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Job demands and job control and their associations with disability pension - a register-based cohort study of middle-aged and older Swedish workers (2023)

    Falkstedt, Daniel ; Selander, Jenny; Bodin, Theo; Albin, Maria; Almroth, Melody; Kjellberg, Katarina; Hemmingsson, Tomas; Gustavsson, Per; D'Errico, Angelo;

    Zitatform

    Falkstedt, Daniel, Melody Almroth, Tomas Hemmingsson, Angelo D'Errico, Maria Albin, Theo Bodin, Jenny Selander, Per Gustavsson & Katarina Kjellberg (2023): Job demands and job control and their associations with disability pension - a register-based cohort study of middle-aged and older Swedish workers. In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jg. 96, H. 8, S. 1137-1147. DOI:10.1007/s00420-023-01995-4

    Abstract

    "Objectives: Job demands and control at work and their combination, job strain, have been studied in relation to risk of disability pension (DP) previously. In the present study, based on registry data, we aimed to deepen the knowledge by analyzing major disease groups among the DPs, dose–response shape of the associations, and potential confounding efects of physical workload. Methods: Approximately 1.8 million workers aged 44 or older and living in Sweden in 2005 were followed up for 16 years, up to a maximum of 65 years of age. We linked mean values of job demands and job control, estimated in a job-exposure matrice (JEM) by gender, to individuals through their occupational titles in 2005. These values were categorized by rank order, and, for the construction of job-strain quadrants, we used a median cut-of. Associations with DP were estimated in Cox proportional-hazards models. Results: In models accounting for covariates including physical workload, low levels of job control were associated with higher risk of DP among both men and women. This association was most clear for DP with a psychiatric diagnosis, although a dose–response shape was found only among the men. High levels of job demands were associated with decreased risk of DP across diagnoses among men, but the same association varied from weak to non-existing among women. The high- and passive job-strain quadrants both showed increased risk of DP with a psychiatric diagnosis. Conclusion: The results suggest that, at the occupational level, low job control, but not high job demands, contributes to an increased incidence of DP, particularly regarding DP with a psychiatric diagnosis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Is Supported Employment Effective for Young Adults with Disability Pension?: Evidence from a Swedish Randomized Evaluation (2023)

    Fogelgren, Mattias; Thoursie, Peter Skogman ; Ornstein, Petra; Rödin, Magnus;

    Zitatform

    Fogelgren, Mattias, Petra Ornstein, Magnus Rödin & Peter Skogman Thoursie (2023): Is Supported Employment Effective for Young Adults with Disability Pension?: Evidence from a Swedish Randomized Evaluation. In: The Journal of Human Resources, Jg. 58, H. 2, S. 452-487. DOI:10.3368/jhr.58.4.0319-10105R2

    Abstract

    "This paper reports results from a large-scale randomized experiment evaluating whether a supported employment rehabilitation intervention strategy can improve labor market opportunities for young adults on disability pension better than regular vocational rehabilitation. The supported employment intervention utilizes a caseworker as back-up for the individual during training to reduce employers' risks when hiring an individual with unclear productivity. In total, 1,062 individuals were randomly assigned between interventions. The main results show that 18 months after the start of the project, participants with supported employment have work rates that are approximately 10 percentage points higher than participants who received regular rehabilitation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Workplace-Related Socioeconomic Issues Associated with Job Performance and Productivity among Employees with Various Impairments: A Systematic Literature Review (2023)

    Gulyamova, Saodat Tolibovna; Abdul Aziz, Siti Fardaniah ; Omar, Nik Hairi ; Mohd, Rusyda Helma;

    Zitatform

    Gulyamova, Saodat Tolibovna, Siti Fardaniah Abdul Aziz, Nik Hairi Omar & Rusyda Helma Mohd (2023): Workplace-Related Socioeconomic Issues Associated with Job Performance and Productivity among Employees with Various Impairments: A Systematic Literature Review. In: Social Sciences, Jg. 12, H. 5. DOI:10.3390/socsci12050275

    Abstract

    "The main purpose of this article is to present a systematic literature review of socioeconomic issues such as employee productivity, workplace absenteeism, workplace presenteeism, productivity loss, and indirect costs among employees with different impairments/disabilities. The related articles were obtained from the Scopus and Web of Science (WOS) databases. In general, 568 studies were found. A total of 141 articles were identified as open-access and non-duplicate articles in English in which disability-related issues among employees were raised. Ultimately, only 22 studies were selected for analysis since they were concerning socioeconomic issues associated with productivity and job performance among employees with various impairments. Based on the studies, workplace performance among employees with and without disabilities was almost equal. Workplace absenteeism and short-term disability costs were higher among employees with acromegaly, migraine, gout, depression, cardiovascular events and related clinical procedures, chronic diseases, and metastatic breast cancer. Mood disorders, heart diseases, and bowel disorders were the principal causes of absenteeism among employees with chronic conditions. Productivity loss was higher among employees with depression, psoriatic arthritis, multiple sclerosis, chronic migraine disease, and employees who received injectable multiple myeloma therapy. Worsening physical health, more functional disabilities, poorer relations with a supervisor, recurrent sick leave, back problems, mood disorders, migraine, and fatigue were the primary reasons for lost productivity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Pressing the right button—labour market odds for youth with mental illness (2023)

    Hardoy, Ines; von Simson, Kristine;

    Zitatform

    Hardoy, Ines & Kristine von Simson (2023): Pressing the right button—labour market odds for youth with mental illness. In: Journal of education and work, Jg. 36, H. 7-8, S. 592-607. DOI:10.1080/13639080.2023.2289952

    Abstract

    "Mental disorders threaten the chances of finishing secondary school and can hinder the school-to-work transitions of afflicted youths. Earlier onset depression predicts the chronicity, recurrence, and severity of episodes throughout life. Using rich, objective mental health data and a battery of variables covering personal and family characteristics, we investigate the impact of Norway’s vocational rehabilitation programs on youths aged 18–23 who are registered as unemployed. Our results indicate that the impact vary with mental health in adolescence, a variable often unavailable in such analyses. Separate analyses for age group 19–21 and 20–23 show that the younger ones with previous diagnosed mental disorders were likely to pursue further education after participating in programs providing work practice; those with no earlier diagnosed mental disorders were prone to pursue ordinary education after completing a training program. For the older age cohorts, aged 20–23, vocational rehabilitation programmes seem counterproductive, irrespective of program type and of whether they were diagnosed with mental health problems in adolescence or not." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Evaluation der Ergänzenden unabhängigen Teilhabeberatung (2023)

    Heimer, Andreas; Kievelitz, Niclas; Ludwig, Lätizia; Jordan, Micah; Deutschmann, Christian; Resnischek, Christina; Wansing, Gudrun; Schütz, Holger; Czichon, Jan-Felix; Fiedler, Maurice; Braukmann, Jan; Maetzel, Jakob; Harand, Julia; Frankenbach, Patrick;

    Zitatform

    Wansing, Gudrun, Jan Braukmann, Jan-Felix Czichon, Christian Deutschmann, Maurice Fiedler, Patrick Frankenbach, Jakob Maetzel, Julia Harand, Lätizia Ludwig & Christina Resnischek (2023): Evaluation der Ergänzenden unabhängigen Teilhabeberatung. (Forschungsbericht / Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales 620), Berlin ; Bonn ; Düsseldorf, 198 S.

    Abstract

    "Im Jahr 2018 startete die modellhafte Einführung der Ergänzenden unabhängigen Teilhabeberatung (EUTB®) nach § 32 Neuntes Buch Sozialgesetzbuch (SGB IX). Mit ihr wurden rund 500 Angebote in ganz Deutschland gefördert, in denen Menschen mit Behinderungen und ihre Angehörigen über Fragen der Rehabilitation und Teilhabe informiert und beraten werden. Die wissenschaftliche Begleitung der EUTB® adressiert grundsätzliche Fragen zu den Umsetzungs- und Wirkungsbedingungen der EUTB®. Ihre Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es der EUTB® auftragsgemäß gelungen ist, ein breit akzeptiertes Informations- und Beratungsangebot zu entwickeln, das die vorhandene Beratungsinfrastruktur im Bereich Rehabilitation und Teilhabe ergänzt. Im Zuge ihrer Etablierung konnte für die EUTB® - in der Regie der Fachstelle Teilhabeberatung – ein umfassendes System der Qualifizierung und Qualitätssicherung entwickelt werden, so dass zum Ende der Förderphase einheitliche Qualitätsstandards für die Beratung vorliegen und weiterentwickelt werden können. Die Zufriedenheit der Ratsuchenden mit der Beratung durch die EUTB® ist hoch. Die Klärung ihrer Anliegen und die Erreichung der wichtigsten Ziele gelingen nach ihrer Selbsteinschätzung häufig. Damit kann die EUTB® nachweislich zur Stärkung der Selbstbestimmung und gesellschaftlichen Teilhabe der Ratsuchenden beitragen. Die Beratung von Betroffenen für Betroffen als "Peer-Beratung" trägt zu einer wesentlichen Unterstützung des Angebots bei." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Inklusion am Arbeitsplatz stärken: Wie und warum verhaltensökonomische Erkenntnisse helfen, Menschen mit Behinderungen bei Einstellungen seltener zu diskriminieren - zum Wohle aller (2023)

    Hensen, Julia; Trögeler, Philipp;

    Zitatform

    Hensen, Julia & Philipp Trögeler (2023): Inklusion am Arbeitsplatz stärken: Wie und warum verhaltensökonomische Erkenntnisse helfen, Menschen mit Behinderungen bei Einstellungen seltener zu diskriminieren - zum Wohle aller. (IW-Report / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln 2023,49), Köln, 42 S.

    Abstract

    "Unternehmen suchen aufgrund des Fachkräftemangels und des demographischen Wandels zunehmend dringend nach geeigneten Mitarbeitern. Menschen mit Behinderungen weisen geeignete Qualifikation auf, werden aber oftmals im Einstellungsprozess aufgrund ihrer behinderungsbedingten Individualität nicht berücksichtigt. Diese (unbewusste) Diskriminierung, die in jeder Phase des Beschäftigungszyklus stattfindet, verhindert die Potenzialnutzung dieser Mitarbeitergruppe zum Wohle der Beschäftigten und der Unternehmen. Mit verhaltensökonomischen Ansätzen, wie dem Nudging, können diese Einstellungs- und Beschäftigungshürden überwunden werden. Nudges sind Anstupser, die menschliches Verhalten und individuelle Entscheidungen durch minimal-invasive, nicht-finanzielle Eingriffe in eine gewünschte Richtung lenken, ohne die Wahlfreiheit einzuschränken. Die analysierten Nudges der Zielsetzung, des Feedbacks, der Defaults und der Informations-Nudges zeigen praxisnahe Ansätze für eine Win-Win-Situation für Beschäftigte und Unternehmen auf. Ferner wird der Stellenwert des Inklusionserlebens und einer inklusiven Unternehmenskultur diskutiert. Durch ein positives Inklusionserleben verbessert sich unter anderem die Arbeitszufriedenheit als auch beruflicher Stress. Zudem profitieren Unternehmen daneben aus wirtschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten: Bei Untererfüllung der gesetzlichen Quote zur Einstellung von Menschen mit Behinderungen müssen Unternehmen eine Ausgleichsabgabe zahlen. Diese entfällt, wenn sich Mitarbeiter mit Behinderungen offenbaren, die ihre Behinderung bisher aufgrund von Diskriminierungsangst nicht kommuniziert haben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Beschäftigung von Menschen mit Schwerbehinderung: Die Ausgleichsabgabe wirkt (Serie "Inklusion - eine Herausforderung für Wissenschaft und Praxis") (2023)

    Hiesinger, Karolin ; Vetter, Franka;

    Zitatform

    Hiesinger, Karolin & Franka Vetter (2023): Beschäftigung von Menschen mit Schwerbehinderung: Die Ausgleichsabgabe wirkt (Serie "Inklusion - eine Herausforderung für Wissenschaft und Praxis"). In: IAB-Forum H. 26.06.2023. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20230626.01

    Abstract

    "Um die Teilhabe von Menschen mit Schwerbehinderung am Arbeitsleben zu fördern, müssen Unternehmen in Deutschland, die nicht eine bestimmte Mindestzahl an solchen Personen beschäftigen, eine Ausgleichsabgabe entrichten. Eine neue Analyse mit Daten der Bundesagentur für Arbeit zeigt, dass diese Regelung die Beschäftigung von Menschen mit Schwerbehinderung tatsächlich fördert. Sie hat aber auch Nebenwirkungen. Dazu zählen ein verminderter Beschäftigungsaufbau und ein höherer Anteil an geringfügiger Beschäftigung für Unternehmen, die knapp unterhalb der einschlägigen Schwellenwerte liegen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Hiesinger, Karolin ; Vetter, Franka;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    European Semester 2022-2023 country fiche on disability equality: Germany: with comparative data Annex provided by EDE (2023)

    Hirschberg, Marianne; Welti, Felix;

    Zitatform

    Hirschberg, Marianne & Felix Welti (2023): European Semester 2022-2023 country fiche on disability equality: Germany. With comparative data Annex provided by EDE. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 46 S. DOI:10.2767/50356

    Abstract

    "The participation of persons with disabilities in the labor market in Germany is still low and unemployment is high in comparison to other groups. More than 300 000 persons with disabilities are employed in sheltered workshops. They do not have full labor rights, in particular there is no minimum wage, but a reform of sheltered workshop payments has been announced. Their transition rate to the general labor market is very low. There are efforts to increase transition options to the general labor market through the budget for work and the budget for vocational training and through supported employment and single contact units for employers. Still, the effectiveness of these efforts has to be improved. A quota system with a levy for non-compliance is in force. However, many enterprises fail to employ 5 % of persons with severe disabilities as required. The coalition parties in the new Government have announced a rise in the levy for enterprises which do not employ any persons with severe disabilities. A general right to reasonable workplace accommodation and effective workplace accessibility regulations are still lacking. (...) Recent reforms of healthcare and rehabilitation will improve accessibility and specialised services. However, these efforts have not yet been successful enough. A national action plan for an inclusive, accessible and diverse healthcare system has been announced. The division between the public and private health insurance systems is still a problem for persons with disabilities. Equal access and non-discrimination in private health insurance are not properly regulated. Pensions for people with a reduced earning capacity are often insufficient to guarantee a minimum living standard. Recent reforms from 2014 to 2019 have only supported new pensioners. An additional reform will now also increase pensions for those who were pensioners with reduced earning capacity before 2014. The Federal Participation Law of 2018 and 2020 aimed to support deinstitutionalisation. However, there are still disadvantages, especially for people who need long-term care. (...) A completely inclusive school system has still not been achieved. Reforms in the Länder include responsibility to close special schools and to invest in inclusive schools but they are proceeding very slowly. Reasonable accommodation and accessibility in the educational system are still inadequate. (...) The National Reform Program (NRP) 2022 focuses on work transition programs, including single contact points for employers and innovative rehabilitation programs. The NRP 2022 includes a national accessibility programme, which is oriented towards accessible mobility, housing, healthcare and private life." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Wird die betriebliche Berufsausbildung und Beschäftigung in einer digitalisierten Welt inklusiver?: Aus- und Nebenwirkungen der Digitalisierung für Menschen mit Behinderung auf dem ersten Arbeitsmarkt (2023)

    Hähn, Katharina;

    Zitatform

    Hähn, Katharina (2023): Wird die betriebliche Berufsausbildung und Beschäftigung in einer digitalisierten Welt inklusiver? Aus- und Nebenwirkungen der Digitalisierung für Menschen mit Behinderung auf dem ersten Arbeitsmarkt. In: A. Wilmers, M. Achenbach & C. Keller (Hrsg.) (2023): Bildung im digitalen Wandel, S. 135-170. DOI:10.31244/9783830998464.05

    Abstract

    "In einer immer stärker digitalisierten Welt stellt sich die Frage, inwiefern sich dieser Wandel auf die Inklusion von Menschen mit Behinderung in Ausbildung und Beschäftigung auswirkt. Dieses Critical Review zielt darauf ab, den aktuellen Forschungsstand abzubilden und mögliche Chancen und Hemmnisse zu eruieren. Unter Bezugnahme auf 19 Studien, die zwischen 2017 und 2022 veröffentlicht wurden, werden hierfür Erkenntnisse zu strukturellen Veränderungen von Berufsfeldern und Berufsbildungsangeboten, zu Auswirkungen der digitalen Transformation auf die betriebliche Fachkräftesicherung sowie zur Nutzung assistiver Technologien beleuchtet. Befunde zur Ausbildung und Beschäftigung sehbeeinträchtigter oder blinder Menschen konkretisieren übergreifende Forschungsergebnisse." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The Essential Elements of Customized Employment: Results From a National Survey of Employment Providers (2023)

    Inge, Katherine J.; Sima, Adam P.; Brooks-Lane, Nancy; Riesen, Tim ; Wehman, Paul ;

    Zitatform

    Inge, Katherine J., Adam P. Sima, Tim Riesen, Paul Wehman & Nancy Brooks-Lane (2023): The Essential Elements of Customized Employment: Results From a National Survey of Employment Providers. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 66, H. 3, S. 170-185. DOI:10.1177/00343552221088256

    Abstract

    "Customized employment (CE) is designed to meet the specific needs and interests of individuals with disabilities as well as the needs of the employer by using flexible strategies at every stage of employment. The objective of this study was to ask U.S. rehabilitation providers who implement these services to describe the current status of CE service delivery. An online survey was administered to employment professionals from agencies within the United States. Participants responded to questions on the unique characteristics of Discovery and job development, current use of CE services, and information on their personal and agency demographics. Results indicate that there is agreement among CE providers on critical Discovery and job development activities, which suggests that providers are regularly accessing information to inform their practice. There appears to be a gap between what respondents identify as critical activities and how well they are being implemented. Recommendations for providing CE training for providers and provisions for individuals with disabilities are explored." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Die Einbindung von Menschen mit Behinderungen in qualitative Sozialforschung: Die Kombination qualitativer Face-to-Face-, digitaler und telekommunikativer Interviews mit einer qualitativen Onlineerhebung während der Pandemie (2023)

    Kerschbaumer, Lukas ; Gell, Sascha ; Boost, Marie ;

    Zitatform

    Kerschbaumer, Lukas, Sascha Gell & Marie Boost (2023): Die Einbindung von Menschen mit Behinderungen in qualitative Sozialforschung. Die Kombination qualitativer Face-to-Face-, digitaler und telekommunikativer Interviews mit einer qualitativen Onlineerhebung während der Pandemie. In: Qual.met, Jg. 1, H. 1, S. 1-20., 2022-04-08. DOI:10.53205/qualmet.v1i1.9

    Abstract

    "Hintergrund der Studie war die Beleuchtung ermöglichender und restringierender Faktoren für einen inklusiven und grenzübergreifenden Sozialraum für Menschen mit Behinderungen (MmB) in der Grenzregion Bayern-Tirol. Im Folgenden wird auf die methodologische und methodische Strategie sowie Erfahrung des qualitativen Ansatzes in der Inklusion von MmB in der Forschung und während der Pandemie eingegangen. In einer ersten Phase wurden 38 Inneninterviews mit MmB, deren Angehörigen, Arbeitgeber:innen und Mitarbeiter:innen von Institutionen, Politik und Verwaltung geführt. In einer zweiten Phase wurden die zentralen Themengebiete beziehungsweise Ergebnisse aus den Expert:inneninterviews anhand der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse herausgearbeitet, in acht Kurzbeschreibungen zusammengefasst und in einer qualitativen Onlineerhebung, die sich am Prinzip der partizipativen Konsensbildung orientierte, zur Disposition gestellt. Insgesamt 51 Teilnehmer:innen –darunter die Interviewpartner:innen und bereits angeführten Gruppen –nahmen an der qualitativen Onlineerhebung teil. Die Teilnehmer:innen erhielten so die Möglichkeit, die verdichteten Ergebnisse einer vorangegangenen Befragung zu reflektieren und eine zweite Einschätzung abzugeben. Um die Onlineerhebung für MmB zugänglich zu machen, wurden die Kurztexte professionell in ‚Leicht Lesen‘ übersetzt und die Benutzerfreundlichkeit des Befragungstools 2ask wurde von Menschen mit Sehbehinderungen getestet. Am Ende wurden die Ergebnisse aus beiden Phasen verdichtet und zusammengeführt. In der im Folgenden präsentierten Studie wird auf die unterschiedlichen Charakteristiken und Ansprüche im Umgang mit den Zielgruppen während der Erhebung eingegangen. Herausfordernd stellten sich die Akquise, das Bereitstellen von inklusivem Erhebungsmaterial, die inklusive Gestaltung einer qualitativen Onlineerhebung sowie die Schaffung von Legitimation zur Bearbeitung eines Themas, das MmB in den Mittelpunkt rückt, dar. Ein klarer Vorteil der Inklusion von MmB in die Beforschung von Themen, die sie selbst betreffen, liegt in der Nähe zum Gegenstand und der daran geknüpften Erarbeitung lebensnaher Lösungsvorschläge." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    'They Exist but They Don't Exist': Personal Assistants Supporting Physically Disabled People in the Workplace (2023)

    Maddison, Jane ; Birks, Yvonne; Graham, Katherine; Brooks, Jenni ;

    Zitatform

    Maddison, Jane, Jenni Brooks, Katherine Graham & Yvonne Birks (2023): 'They Exist but They Don't Exist': Personal Assistants Supporting Physically Disabled People in the Workplace. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 37, H. 4, S. 1052-1069. DOI:10.1177/09500170221075532

    Abstract

    "Employment rates in England for disabled people are persistently lower than for non-disabled people. Support from a Workplace Personal Assistant is one way of narrowing this gap. Personal assistance is an empowerment-driven model in which the disabled person controls their support: who provides it, when, how and where. Previous research has focused on the personal assistant role in the home setting. This article draws on data from 32 qualitative interviews in the first UK study to explore personal assistance in the workplace for people with physical and/or sensory impairments. To maintain their enabling role in this external setting, Workplace Personal Assistants needed to strive for occupational invisibility when among the disabled workers’ colleagues: to ‘exist but not exist’. This article examines the Workplace Personal Assistant role as invisible work, applying Hatton’s conceptual framework. The analysis contributes to understanding of workplace personal assistance and ways in which mechanisms can intersect to produce multiple invisibility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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    Long-term scarring from institutional labelling: The risk of NEET of students from schools for learning disability in Germany (2023)

    Menze, Laura ; Pollak, Reinhard ; Solga, Heike ;

    Zitatform

    Menze, Laura, Heike Solga & Reinhard Pollak (2023): Long-term scarring from institutional labelling. The risk of NEET of students from schools for learning disability in Germany. In: Acta sociologica, Jg. 66, H. 3, S. 289-306. DOI:10.1177/00016993221114257

    Abstract

    "This article demonstrates the disadvantages that students leaving special needs schools (Förderschule) face in their school-to-work transition in Germany. We analyse whether the institutional label of ‘having attended a special needs school’ – beyond and above low school attainment – results in scarring effects for students’ chances of integration into training and employment after leaving school. We focus on students classified as having learning disability (Lernbehinderung), the largest group among students with special educational needs (SEN) and examine their NEET risk compared to equally low-attaining students from general schools at age 20/21. The analyses are based on rare longitudinal data for SEN students, the German National Educational Panel Study. Employing matching and regression techniques, we find that the label of ‘having attended a special needs school’ does generate long-term scars above and beyond low school attainment. However, this is only the case for school leavers with a lower secondary school certificate but not for those without school certificate." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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    Unemployment and Job Search Behavior among People with Disabilities during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany (2023)

    Paul, Karsten Ingmar ; Hollederer, Alfons ;

    Zitatform

    Paul, Karsten Ingmar & Alfons Hollederer (2023): Unemployment and Job Search Behavior among People with Disabilities during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany. In: International journal of environmental research and public health, Jg. 20. DOI:10.3390/ijerph20116036

    Abstract

    "Not much is known about how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the labor market experiences of people with disabilities. Since they constitute a generally disadvantaged group in the labor market, it is important to scrutinize whether their position has worsened during these difficult times and how they reacted with regard to their job search behavior. We therefore used data for the year 2020 from a large German panel (Panel Arbeitsmarkt und Soziale Sicherung, PASS), in order to scrutinize the prevalence of unemployment among people with disabilities (N = 739) during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The factors that affected their unemployment status were also analyzed. The study found that people with legally recognized disabilities were more often unemployed than non-disabled people, even when controlling for possible confounding factors such as age, gender, or education. This effect was significant for severe disabilities and marginally significant for minor disabilities. Additionally, the type of disability affected the probability of being unemployed, with cardiovascular diseases, mental illnesses, and musculoskeletal disorders carrying a higher risk. In terms of job-seeking behavior, unemployed people with disabilities reported using some job search methods more frequently than their non-disabled counterparts. However, the intensity of the job search did not differ significantly between the two groups. Further differences were found when analyzing the reasons for abstinence from searching for a job, with unemployed people with disabilities primarily citing health-related factors (with a frequency of over 90%). In summary, health played a pivotal role in determining disabled people’s labor market experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    European Semester 2022 - mainstreaming disability equality (2023)

    Priestley, Mark;

    Zitatform

    Priestley, Mark (2023): European Semester 2022 - mainstreaming disability equality. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 155 S. DOI:10.2767/480741

    Abstract

    "The Semester in 2022 built on the exceptional circumstances of the previous policy cycle, resulting from EU response to the COVID-19 crisis. The scope returned to a broader perspective on economic and employment policy co-ordination but remained closely aligned to implementation of the Recovery and Resilience Facility. Some of the key features of previous cycles were resumed, although in streamlined form. These include the submission of National Reform Programmes by the Member States, the preparation of Country Reports by Commission staff, and proposals to the Council for country-specific recommendations. The integration of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into the Semester process also continues. From a disability perspective, the Semester process should give due regard to mainstreaming disability equality in all of its aspects. Disability concerns and data should be visible at each stage of the policy cycle and their coverage should align, wherever possible, with the European Disability Strategy, with national disability strategies and actions plans, and with implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) in Europe. These are the key challenges addressed in this synthesis report" (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    Weiterführende Informationen

    Länderbericht Deutschland
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    Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben. Relevanz der Teilhabebefragung für die arbeitsmarktliche Teilhabeberichterstattung (2023)

    Rauch, Angela ;

    Zitatform

    Rauch, Angela (2023): Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben. Relevanz der Teilhabebefragung für die arbeitsmarktliche Teilhabeberichterstattung. In: RP Reha H. 4, S. 29-33., 2023-10-09.

    Abstract

    "Um die Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben von Menschen mit Behinderungen zu fördern, müssen genaue Informationen über Hürden und Risiken von Exklusion sowie der bereits gelebten Partizipation vorhanden sein. Bisher konnte aber noch kein differenziertes Bild erstellt werden, da die Datenlage mangelhaft ist. Mit der Teilhabestudie kann die Erwerbsintegration erstmals weit umfassender als bisher und aus Sicht der Menschen von Behinderungen selbst beschrieben werden. Bereits die ersten Analysen zeigen, dass vor allem die Auswirkungen der Beeinträchtigungen auf Alltagsaktivitäten sowie die Art der Behinderung eine zentrale Rolle spielen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Rauch, Angela ;
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