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Menschen mit Behinderungen in Ausbildung und Beruf

Mit dem Bundesteilhabegesetz und dem Nationalen Aktionsplan 2.0 wurden 2016 zwei wichtige behindertenpolitische Vorhaben angestoßen und in den Folgejahren umgesetzt und weiterentwickelt. Damit soll im Einklang mit der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention die Inklusion in Deutschland weiter vorangetrieben werden, indem die Selbstbestimmung und Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen gestärkt werden. Mit dem schrittweisen Inkrafttreten des Bundesteilhabegesetzes erfuhren das Recht der Rehabilitation und Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen und die Eingliederungshilfe (SGB IX) weitreichende Änderungen. Wie stellt sich die Situation von behinderten Menschen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt dar? Wie lassen sich behindertengerechte Berufsleben und inklusive Arbeitswelten gestalten?
Die Infoplattform stellt zentrale Dokumente und relevante Quellenhinweise zusammen, inhaltlich strukturiert nach den Aspekten der Politik für behinderte Menschen und den diskutierten bzw. realisierten Reformanstrengungen.

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The effects of an interdisciplinary employment program on paid employment and mental health among persons with severe mental disorders (2024)

    Hijdra, R. W.; Robroek, S. J. W.; Sadigh, Y.; Schuring, M. ; Burdorf, A.;

    Zitatform

    Hijdra, R. W., S. J. W. Robroek, Y. Sadigh, A. Burdorf & M. Schuring (2024): The effects of an interdisciplinary employment program on paid employment and mental health among persons with severe mental disorders. In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jg. 97, H. 3, S. 253-262. DOI:10.1007/s00420-023-02039-7

    Abstract

    "This study evaluates the effects of the interdisciplinary employment program ‘Work As Best Care (WABC)’ on employment participation and mental health of persons with severe mental disorders. Methods WABC is a ‘work first’ employment program for unemployed persons with severe mental disorders in which employment professionals work closely together with mental health professionals. In a longitudinal non-randomized controlled study, participants of WABC (n = 35) are compared with participants of the control group (n = 37), who received regular employment support. Participants were followed for 1 year and filled out questionnaires on individual characteristics and health at baseline, after 6 and 12 months. This information was enriched with monthly register data on employment status from 2015 until 2020. Difference-in-differences analyses were performed to investigate changes in employment participation among participants of WABC and the control group. A generalized linear mixed-effects model was used to compare changes in mental health (measured on 0–100 scale) between the two groups. Before WABC, employment participation was 22.0%points lower among participants of WABC compared to the control group. After starting WABC, employment participation increased with 15.3%points per year among participants of WABC, compared to 5.6%points in the control group. Among all participants of WABC, no change in mental health was found (β 1.0, 95% CI − 3.4; 5.5). Only female participants of WABC showed a significant change in mental health (β 8.0, 95% CI 2.6; 13.4). To enhance employment participation of persons with severe mental disorders, an interdisciplinary ‘work-first’ approach in which professionals of employment services and mentalhealth services work in close collaboration, is of paramount importance." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Employer Engagement in Promoting the Labour-Market Participation of Jobseekers with Disabilities. An Employer Perspective (2021)

    van Berkel, Rik;

    Zitatform

    van Berkel, Rik (2021): Employer Engagement in Promoting the Labour-Market Participation of Jobseekers with Disabilities. An Employer Perspective. In: Social Policy and Society, Jg. 20, H. 4, S. 533-547. DOI:10.1017/S147474642000038X

    Abstract

    "This article contributes to the literature on engaging employers in activation policies. It focuses on a specific policy aimed at promoting the labour-market participation of people with disabilities. Unlike many activation policies, this policy recognises that the engagement of employers and the human resource management practices in their organisations are crucial factors for the policy’s success. The article reports on a study among employers participating in this policy. It focuses on the challenges employers experience in placing people with disabilities in their organisations, and on the public support they expect in dealing with these challenges. The article concludes that as promoting the labour-market participation of groups remote from the labour market requires social policy interventions as well as interventions in organisational human resource management, it poses challenges for policy makers, agencies providing employment services, and employers and their organisations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Evaluating social investment in disability policy (2020)

    Folmer, Christopher P. Reinders; van der Veen, Romke; Mascini, Peter;

    Zitatform

    Folmer, Christopher P. Reinders, Peter Mascini & Romke van der Veen (2020): Evaluating social investment in disability policy. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 54, H. 5, S. 792-812. DOI:10.1111/spol.12579

    Abstract

    "Disability policy in European countries is displaying a shift towards social investment: increasing human capital and access to the labour market. The reasoning that underlies this transition is that disabled persons would benefit from mainstream employment, but are impeded in traditional policy by deficiencies in labour supply and demand. However, the shift towards more activating policies in many countries is accompanied by a decline in social protection. It is unclear whether social investment may effectively promote the employment chances of disabled persons within this context. The present research examines this question through a quantitative, cross‐sectional, multilevel analysis on microdata from 22 EU countries. Our findings suggest greater activation to predict lower employment chances, while reducing passive support shows mixed effects. Conversely, measures for facilitation in daily life predict greater employment chances, as do measures for sheltered work. These findings raise questions over the value of social investment for disabled persons - and underline the need to overcome broader barriers in the labour market and in society." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Earnings responses to disability insurance stringency (2020)

    Garcia-Mandicó, Sílvia; García-Gómez, Pilar ; O'Donnell, Owen; Gielen, Anne C.;

    Zitatform

    Garcia-Mandicó, Sílvia, Pilar García-Gómez, Anne C. Gielen & Owen O'Donnell (2020): Earnings responses to disability insurance stringency. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 66. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2020.101880

    Abstract

    "Accurate assessment of earnings capacity is critical to the efficient operation of disability insurance (DI) programs. We use administrative data on the universe of Dutch DI recipients to estimate employment and earnings responses to reassessment of their earnings capacity under more stringent rules. We estimate that reassessment of recipients aged 30–44 removed 17 percent from the program and reduced benefit income by 20 percent, on average. In response, employment increased by 6.7 percentage points and earnings rose by 18 percent. Recipients were able to increase earnings by € 636 for every € 1000 reduction in DI benefit. This earnings response was strongest from those with more subjectively defined disabilities and a shorter claim duration, as well as younger and female recipients." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, 䗏 2020 Elsevier) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Decomposing employment trends of disabled workers (2019)

    Koning, Pierre ; Vethaak, Heike ;

    Zitatform

    Koning, Pierre & Heike Vethaak (2019): Decomposing employment trends of disabled workers. (IZA discussion paper 12775), Bonn, 42 S.

    Abstract

    "Many OECD countries are facing decreases in the employment rates of disabled workers. To uncover the driving forces of these trends, this paper estimates Age-Period- Cohort (APC) models on administrative data of Disability Insurance (DI) application cohorts for the Netherlands between 1999 and 2013. Our main finding is that the substantial decrease in employment rates of applicant cohorts in this time period is almost fully explained by cohort effects - equalling about 30 percentage points - and that the impact of period effects is only small. In turn, cohort effects stem from changes in the observed composition of applicants, with increasing shares of workers without (permanent) contracts in the year before the application. These changes are largely confined to years following two major DI reforms that increased self-screening among potential applicants. We also expand the APC model by allowing for distinct effects for awarded and rejected DI applicants. Assuming common compositional cohort effects for these two groups, difference-in-difference estimates of cohort effects indicate that the effect of changes in benefit conditions ('incentive effects') is limited. Disability reforms thus predominantly affected the stringency of the DI system and induced substantial self-screening in the sickness period before the DI decision, rather than changing individual employment rates." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Making disability work?: the effects of financial incentives on partially disabled workers (2016)

    Koning, Pierre ; Sonsbeek, Jan-Maarten van;

    Zitatform

    Koning, Pierre & Jan-Maarten van Sonsbeek (2016): Making disability work? The effects of financial incentives on partially disabled workers. (IZA discussion paper 9624), Bonn, S. 202-215. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2017.05.008

    Abstract

    "This study uses longitudinal administrative data from the Netherlands to explore the responsiveness of disabled workers to financial incentives. We focus on workers with partial Disability Insurance (DI) benefits that have substantial residual work capacities. When the first phase of benefit entitlement to DI has expired, these workers experience a dramatic drop in income if they do not employ their residual income capacity. Entitlement periods to the first phase of DI benefits vary across individuals. This enables us to estimate the impact effect of this change in work incentives on the incidence of work, on wage earnings and on full work resumption. Based on the estimation results, the implied labor force non-participation elasticity rate equals 0.12. Response estimates are highest among young DI recipients, who typically have shorter entitlement periods to the more generous first phase of DI benefits. The incentive change has a limited impact on wage earnings of partially disabled workers and no significant impact on full work resumption." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Protecting working-age people with disabilities: experiences of four industrialized nations (2015)

    Burkhauser, Richard V. ; Daly, Mary C.; Ziebarth, Nicolas;

    Zitatform

    Burkhauser, Richard V., Mary C. Daly & Nicolas Ziebarth (2015): Protecting working-age people with disabilities. Experiences of four industrialized nations. (IZA discussion paper 9186), Bonn, 50 S.

    Abstract

    "Although industrialized nations have long provided public protection to working-age individuals with disabilities, the form has changed over time. The impetus for change has been multi-faceted: rapid growth in program costs; greater awareness that people with impairments are able and willing to work; and increased recognition that protecting the economic security of people with disabilities might best be done by keeping them in the labor market. Here we describe the evolution of disability programs in four countries: Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United States. We show how growth in the receipt of publically provided disability benefits has fluctuated over time and discuss how policy choices played a role. Based on our descriptive comparative analysis we summarize shared experiences that potentially benefit policymakers in all countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Policy innovations for including disabled people in the labour market: a study of innovative practices of Dutch sheltered work companies (2014)

    Rorre, Lieske van der; Fenger, Menno;

    Zitatform

    Rorre, Lieske van der & Menno Fenger (2014): Policy innovations for including disabled people in the labour market. A study of innovative practices of Dutch sheltered work companies. In: International social security review, Jg. 67, H. 2, S. 67-84. DOI:10.1111/issr.12038

    Abstract

    "In its disability strategy, the European Union has expressed the central aim to improve the employment situation of people with disabilities. This article discusses Dutch policies, but specifically the Sheltered Work Act which contributes to this aim by regulating sheltered employment. The goal is to identify and explore innovative practices that have been applied by Dutch sheltered work companies for increasing the inclusion of disabled people in the regular labour market. The article reveals that the Netherlands has implemented a range of initiatives which together have resulted in an increase of non-sheltered jobs for disabled people. The article argues that the simple 'sheltered/non-sheltered' dichotomy does not do justice to the gradual evolution of labour participation among individual disabled people and that the role of sheltered work places as a first step to the inclusion of disabled people should not be underestimated." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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