Menschen mit Behinderungen in Ausbildung und Beruf
Mit dem Bundesteilhabegesetz und dem Nationalen Aktionsplan 2.0 wurden 2016 zwei wichtige behindertenpolitische Vorhaben angestoßen und in den Folgejahren umgesetzt und weiterentwickelt. Damit soll im Einklang mit der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention die Inklusion in Deutschland weiter vorangetrieben werden, indem die Selbstbestimmung und Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen gestärkt werden. Mit dem schrittweisen Inkrafttreten des Bundesteilhabegesetzes erfuhren das Recht der Rehabilitation und Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen und die Eingliederungshilfe (SGB IX) weitreichende Änderungen. Wie stellt sich die Situation von behinderten Menschen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt dar? Wie lassen sich behindertengerechte Berufsleben und inklusive Arbeitswelten gestalten?
Die Infoplattform stellt zentrale Dokumente und relevante Quellenhinweise zusammen, inhaltlich strukturiert nach den Aspekten der Politik für behinderte Menschen und den diskutierten bzw. realisierten Reformanstrengungen.
- Ergebnisse und Projekte aus dem IAB
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Ausbildung, Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen
- Politik und Rechtsprechung für behinderte Menschen
- Rehabilitationseinrichtungen
- Berufsvorbereitung, Berufsberatung, Berufswahl
- Studium
- Berufsausbildung, Berufseinmündung
- Fortbildung und Umschulung
- betriebliche Rehabilitation
- Maßnahmen zur Erhaltung der Arbeitsfähigkeit
- Erfolgskontrolle, Kosten-Nutzen-Aspekte
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Arbeitsmarktsituation behinderter Menschen
- Arbeitsmarktpolitik, Inklusion, Persönliches Budget
- Beschäftigungsentwicklung
- Arbeitslosigkeit
- Beschäftigung in Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen
- Beschäftigung in alternativen Einrichtungen, Selbsthilfefirmen
- Berufliche Selbständigkeit
- Hochqualifizierte behinderte Menschen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt
- Beschäftigung im ersten Arbeitsmarkt
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Berufsleben und Arbeitswelt behinderter Menschen
- Personalpolitik, Arbeitgebereinstellungen, finanzielle Einstellungsanreize
- Eingliederungshilfe, BEM, Arbeitsassistenz, Unterstützte Beschäftigung, Arbeitsplatzsicherung
- Arbeitsbedingungen, Arbeitsplatzgestaltung, technische Arbeitshilfen, Arbeitszeit
- Berufsverlauf, Berufserfolg
- Berufsstruktur, Einzelberufe
- Arbeitszufriedenheit
- Lohn, Einkommen
- Behinderungsart
- Alter
- Geografischer Bezug
- Geschlecht
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Literaturhinweis
A Register-Based Study of Early-Life Disabilities and Income Attainment in Adulthood (2025)
Zitatform
Gugushvili, Alexi, Jon Erik Finnvold, Therese Dokken & Jan Grue (2025): A Register-Based Study of Early-Life Disabilities and Income Attainment in Adulthood. In: Socius, Jg. 11. DOI:10.1177/23780231251335191
Abstract
"Individuals with disabilities are likely to be doubly disadvantaged, as they tend to earn less but require more financial resources than individuals without disabilities to maintain an average standard of life. Exploring the links between early-life disabilities and income attainment in adulthood requires high-quality data that allow accounting for selection into disability as well as a comprehensive list of predictors of income attainment. The authors harness the power of Norwegian register-based data and inverse-probability weighting regression adjustment estimators to examine whether individuals born with or who acquire disabilities in early life have lower income attainment at age 32 than individuals in the general population of the country. The results are robust to alternative estimation specifications and suggest that early-life chronic health conditions, such as asthma and diabetes, and impairments, such as sensory loss and physical impairment, are associated with significantly lower income attainment even when individuals’ actual working hours are accounted for among those employed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Optimal Income Tax and Disability Benefits for Households with Disability (2025)
Lee, Kyung-woo;Zitatform
Lee, Kyung-woo (2025): Optimal Income Tax and Disability Benefits for Households with Disability. In: Global economic review, S. 1-30. DOI:10.1080/1226508x.2025.2487969
Abstract
"This study analyzes the optimal income tax and disability benefits for households with disabled agents. In the model, both able and disabled members of households can supply labour and pay income tax. However, they may receive disability benefits if disabled members do not work. Moreover, this model explicitly considers households' activities to help disabled members to work, which is novel in the literature. I show that optimal disability benefits are positive because only severely disabled agents give up labour supply and receive disability benefits. However, optimal disability benefits decline with household income as disabled agents in poorer households need greater government support. As for the optimal net tax burden (i.e. income tax net of disability benefits), heavier tax burden falls on households that have disabled agents work because they are richer. However, marginal net tax rates are higher for households that receive disability benefits to incentivize disabled agents to work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Income Effects of Disability Benefits (2024)
Zitatform
Becker, Sebastian, Annica Gehlen, Johannes Geyer & Peter Haan (2024): Income Effects of Disability Benefits. (DIW-Diskussionspapiere 2098), Berlin, 62 S.
Abstract
"We provide novel evidence about the incentive and welfare effects of an increase in the generosity of disability benefits. Importantly, a unique policy variation in Germany allows us to isolate the income effect of a change in benefit generosity. We leverage this quasi-experimental policy variation using an RD design to estimate the effect of increasing disability benefits on employment, earnings, labor market transitions, and mortality outcomes using administrative data on the universe of new disability benefit recipients. Contrary to previous literature, our analysis reveals no significant impact on the employment and earnings of DI recipients due to the increased benefits. However, we find a sizable effect of the probability of returning to the labor market. We find no effects on recipient mortality six years after benefit award, but estimates imply a notable reduction in poverty risk, highlighting meaningful welfare implications of increased generosity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How Work Becomes Invisible: The Erosion of the Wage Floor for Workers with Disabilities (2024)
Zitatform
Ruppel, Emily H. (2024): How Work Becomes Invisible: The Erosion of the Wage Floor for Workers with Disabilities. In: American sociological review, Jg. 89, H. 5, S. 907-936. DOI:10.1177/00031224241268201
Abstract
"How does work come to be constructed as a service to the worker? In the United States, the payment of subminimum wages to disabled workers has been legal since 1938 and was entrenched by 1986 legislation eliminating the previously mandated floor of 50 percent of the minimum wage. This article draws on primary historical materials to explain the passage of these amendments, which I analyze as a case of delaborization, a process through which work is mystified as such and reclassified as something else (e.g., service). I find that the managers of segregated workshops for disabled manual laborers rose to control disability employment policy in the aftermath of deinstitutionalization. Professionals mobilized disability stigma to frame the subminimum wage as a social welfare issue subject to their expertise and to lobby successfully for its entrenchment. Weaknesses in the disability–labor coalition enabled this seizure of jurisdiction. This research illuminates professional expertise, the withdrawal of labor unions, and identity-based stigma as major mechanisms driving delaborization, an important contemporary influence on the organization of work. The case of the subminimum wage thus develops sociological literatures on labor, disability, and politics." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Exploring the disability–poverty nexus in children: a cross-national comparative analysis in Europe (2024)
Zitatform
Vinck, Julie (2024): Exploring the disability–poverty nexus in children: a cross-national comparative analysis in Europe. In: The Journal of Poverty and Social Justice, Jg. 32, H. 1, S. 65-99. DOI:10.1332/17598273y2023d000000006
Abstract
"By ratifying the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, states committed themselves to ensure an adequate standard of living and social protection to all persons with disabilities, including children. Yet, prior studies showed that children with disabilities are more likely to grow up poor. Existing research has mainly focused on single-country case studies or comparative analyses for low- and middle-income countries. Due to the lack of good quality data, comparative studies on poverty outcomes, its determinants and the poverty-reducing role of social transfers among children with disabilities in high-income countries are largely missing. This article addresses these gaps using the 2017 EU-SILC cross-sectional survey. The results show great differences across Europe in the prevalence of childhood disability, the poverty outcomes of children with disabilities and the poverty-reducing effectiveness of social transfers for them. In only a third of European countries are children with disabilities more likely to live in poor households than children without disabilities. Countries that perform weakly for children without disabilities also perform weakly for children with disabilities. Moreover, social transfers achieve more for children with disabilities in more than half of European countries. The family’s employment participation and social background have the expected poverty-reducing effects for children with disabilities and children without disabilities, though the strength of some effects differs between the two groups within certain geographical regions. However, the income-based poverty indicator disregards the higher costs families with children with disabilities face which underestimates their poverty risk. More research is needed on which poverty indicator accurately reflects the real living standards of children with disabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Policy Press) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Disability and Labor Market Performance (2023)
Zitatform
Collischon, Matthias, Karolin Hiesinger & Laura Pohlan (2023): Disability and Labor Market Performance. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16100), Bonn, 54 S.
Abstract
"This paper analyzes the individual-level effects of disability onset on labor market outcomes using novel administrative data from Germany. Combining propensity score matching techniques with an event-study design, we find lasting negative impacts on employment and wages. One important mechanism is transitions to nonemployment after disability onset: newly disabled individuals' probability of becoming nonemployed increases by 10 percentage points after one year and by 15 percentage points after five years relative to that of the control group. For those who stay in employment, working part-time and switching to less physically or psychosocially demanding jobs are important adjustment paths. The negative labor market effects of disability onset are more pronounced for severely disabled, older and low-skilled individuals." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
European comparative data on persons with disabilities: Equal opportunities, fair working conditions, social protection and inclusion, health analysis and trends - Data 2021 (2023)
Grammenos, Stefanos;Zitatform
Grammenos, Stefanos (2023): European comparative data on persons with disabilities. Equal opportunities, fair working conditions, social protection and inclusion, health analysis and trends - Data 2021. Brussels, 218 S. DOI:10.2767/747690
Abstract
"As noted, in the framework for the Strategic Plan 2020-2024, the DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion defined a set of impact indicators which are relevant to the socio-economic field. Furthermore, the recovery and resilience plans12 ought to identify relevant indicators to monitor the contribution of the Facility to the reduction of disparities. The indicators can be selected from among those regularly used to report on cohesion policy overall, such as: the unemployment and employment rate, including youth unemployment and employment, the EU social scoreboard and indicators on the performance of education and training systems. In the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure scoreboard, auxiliary indicators include: employment; long-term unemployment rate; activity rate; youth unemployment rate; young people neither in employment nor in education and training; people at risk of poverty or social exclusion; people at risk of poverty after social transfers; severely materially deprived people; and people living in households with very low work intensity. The next harmonised benchmark revisions are planned for 2024. It is important to assess the situation of persons with disabilities in relation to these quantitative indicators. The indicators ought to identify any gap between persons with and without disabilities and reveal any convergence or divergence in relation to the targets. An increasing gap or divergence ought to signal the need for new initiatives. In its capacity, EDE presents and analyses data in order to understand and illustrate the situation of persons with disabilities in Europe. This statistical analysis could be used as an instrument to monitor the effectiveness of national and European policies; assess the situation of persons with and without disabilities; and identify areas where the gap between persons with and without disabilities is decreasing (or increasing)." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The total compensation gap, wage gap and benefit gap between workers with and without a disability (2022)
Zitatform
Hallock, Kevin F., Xin Jin & Michael Waldman (2022): The total compensation gap, wage gap and benefit gap between workers with and without a disability. In: BJIR, Jg. 60, H. 1, S. 3-31. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12607
Abstract
"The wage gap between workers with and without a disability has been widely documented. However, wages and salaries account for less than 70% of the total hourly cost of compensation for an average U.S. worker. In this study, we construct a measure of total compensation by linking the American Community Survey to a restricted‐access version of the Employer Cost for Employee Compensation database, which contains detailed benefit measures for the years 2008–2014. After controlling for selection into full‐time employment and other observed characteristics, we find that the percentage total compensation gap between full‐time male workers with and without a disability is substantially larger than the percentage wage and salary gap. The opposite pattern is observed for full‐time female workers. Our results suggest that considering only wage and salary may mask the true gaps in total compensation from employment. We also document a persistent benefits gap between workers with and without a disability. We discuss possible explanatory factors for the observed patterns in total compensation and benefit gaps." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Economic Status of People with Disabilities and Their Families since the Great Recession (2021)
Zitatform
Bengali, Leila, Mary C. Daly, Olivia Lofton & Robert G. Valletta (2021): The Economic Status of People with Disabilities and Their Families since the Great Recession. (IZA discussion paper 14165), Bonn, 29 S.
Abstract
"People with disabilities face substantial barriers to sustained employment and stable, adequate income. We assess how they and their families fared during the long economic expansion that followed the Great Recession of 2007-09, using data from the monthly Current Population Survey (CPS) and the March CPS annual income supplement. We find that the expansion bolstered the well-being of people with disabilities and in particular their relative labor market engagement. We also find that applications and awards for federal disability benefits fell during the expansion. On balance, our results suggest that sustained economic growth can bolster the labor market engagement of people with disabilities and potentially reduce their reliance on disability benefits." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How Does Disability Affect Income?: An Empirical Study on Older European Workers (2021)
Zitatform
Bondoux, Justine, Thomas Barnay, Thomas Renaud & Florence Jusot (2021): How Does Disability Affect Income? An Empirical Study on Older European Workers. (Series of ERUDITE working papers 2021-05), Marne-la-Vallée, 43 S.
Abstract
"This paper studies the impact on personal income resulting from the onset of disability. Using the longitudinal Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe, we compare the income trajectories of individuals who become disabled and of those remaining in healthy conditions during the same period. Assuming that a disability shock may result in a loss of global income due to the negative effect on wages being much higher than the positive effect on compensation incomes, we strive to identify a causal impact by combining a difference-in-differences approach with kernel propensity score matching, thus allowing us to take into account observable and time-invariant unobservable individual characteristics. We find a clear heterogeneity of effect according to the level of disability. Although the Global Activity Limitation Indicator shows no effect on personal income, our findings suggest a negative impact on personal income when the shock of disability appears to be strong, as in the case of a more severe disability." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt: Erwerbsbeteiligung, Beschäftigungsstrukturen und persönliche Einschätzungen (2021)
Flüter-Hoffmann, Christiane; Kurtenacker, Andrea; Schmidt, Jörg;Zitatform
Flüter-Hoffmann, Christiane, Andrea Kurtenacker & Jörg Schmidt (2021): Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt. Erwerbsbeteiligung, Beschäftigungsstrukturen und persönliche Einschätzungen. (IW-Analysen 147), Köln, 78 S.
Abstract
"Die vorliegende IW-Analyse erstellt einen empirisch fundierten Überblick über die Arbeitsmarktsituation von Menschen mit Behinderungen auf Basis amtlicher Statistiken sowie von Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen auf Basis des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP). Die Auswertung der SOEP-Daten fokussiert auf den ersten Arbeitsmarkt und zeigt, dass sich erwerbsbezogene Merkmale von Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen zum Teil deutlich von Durchschnittswerten aller Erwerbstätigen beziehungsweise Beschäftigten unterscheiden. So ist ihre Erwerbsbeteiligung geringer, sie arbeiten häufiger in Teilzeit und sind seltener im erlernten Beruf tätig. Die Zukunftserwartungen von Beschäftigten mit Beeinträchtigungen, die von Neuerungen am Arbeitsplatz betroffen sind, sind zum Teil von einer größeren Skepsis hinsichtlich der Auswirkungen dieser Neuerungen geprägt. Beschäftigte mit Beeinträchtigungen sind – wie alle Beschäftigten – im Durchschnitt mit ihrer Arbeit eher zufrieden, allerdings weisen sie im Vergleich zu allen Beschäftigten einen geringeren Anteil von Personen auf, die mit ihrer Arbeit hochzufrieden sind. Zudem machen sie sich größere Sorgen um die eigene wirtschaftliche Situation. Ein weiteres Ergebnis lautet: Je nach Grad der Behinderung oder Minderung der Erwerbsfähigkeit können sich etwa die Hälfte oder rund ein Viertel der nicht erwerbstätigen Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen vorstellen, in Zukunft eine Erwerbstätigkeit aufzunehmen. Um diese Fachkräftepotenziale zu erschließen, zeigt die Studie verschiedene Handlungsoptionen auf, die die Teilhabe am Arbeitsmarkt fördern können." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Studie zu einem transparenten, nachhaltigen und zukunftsfähigen Entgeltsystem für Menschen mit Behinderungen in Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen und deren Perspektiven auf dem allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt: Erster Zwischenbericht (2021)
Zitatform
(2021): Studie zu einem transparenten, nachhaltigen und zukunftsfähigen Entgeltsystem für Menschen mit Behinderungen in Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen und deren Perspektiven auf dem allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt. Erster Zwischenbericht. (Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales. Forschungsbericht 586), Berlin, 85 S.
Abstract
"Die Studie dient dazu, ein transparentes, nachhaltiges und zukunftsfähiges Entgeltsystem in Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen zu entwickeln. Es wird auch untersucht, wie Übergänge auf den allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt verbessert werden können. Der erste Zwischenbericht enthält eine Auswertung der rechtswissenschaftlichen und sozialpolitischen Diskussion sowie den ersten Teil des rechtlichen Rahmens, der sich aus der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention und aus dem Europarecht ergibt. Weiterhin enthält er Berechnungen zur Einkommenssituation von Werkstattbeschäftigten unter Berücksichtigung möglicher Kombinationen mit Grundsicherung und Erwerbsminderungsrenten sowie Modellrechnungen zu einigen Alternativvorschlägen. Schließlich wird über den Stand der Vorbereitung der Befragungen von Werkstattleitungen und Werkstattbeschäftigten berichtet." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Menschen mit gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen brauchen besseren Schutz vor Armut (2020)
Zitatform
(2020): Menschen mit gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen brauchen besseren Schutz vor Armut. (Arbeitsmarkt aktuell 2020,07), Berlin, 14 S.
Abstract
"Das Armutsrisiko von Menschen mit gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen ist im langfristigen Vergleich gestiegen, während das Armutsrisiko von Menschen ohne gesundheitliche Beeinträchtigungen gleich geblieben ist. Insgesamt waren in 2017 2,5 Mio. Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen von Armut betroffen. Das Armutsrisiko ist gestiegen, obwohl sich der Arbeitsmarkt positiv entwickelt hat: die Arbeitslosenquote ist zurückgegangen, mehr Menschen mit Behinderungen gehen einer Beschäftigung nach und weniger sind ohne Schul- bzw. Berufsabschluss. Gründe für das gestiegene Armutsrisiko sind höchstwahrscheinlich die Zunahme atypischer Beschäftigungsverhältnisse, gesunkene Stundenlöhne, niedrigere Erwerbsminderungsrenten, eine verfestigte Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit und ein wachsender Anteil von Menschen, die im Falle der Erwerbsminderung Grundsicherungsleistungen beziehen müssen. Der DGB macht die Deregulierung des Arbeitsmarktes seit 2005 für das gestiegene Armutsrisiko verantwortlich und fordert arbeitsmarktpolitische Maßnahmen wie bspw. die Umwandlung der Minijobs in sozialversicherte Beschäftigung, einen Mehrbedarf bei Behinderung in Hartz IV und eine bessere Betreuung durch die Jobcenter. Außerdem erachtet der DGB es für notwendig, dass Menschen mit Behinderungen ein Teilhabegeld zusätzlich zu Lohn- oder Sozialleistungen erhalten, mit dem Nachteile aufgrund der Behinderung ausgeglichen werden können und das als Schutz vor Armut fungieren soll." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Do start-ups provide employment opportunities for disadvantaged workers? (2019)
Zitatform
Fackler, Daniel, Michaela Fuchs, Lisa Hölscher & Claus Schnabel (2019): Do start-ups provide employment opportunities for disadvantaged workers? In: ILR review, Jg. 72, H. 5, S. 1123-1148., 2018-09-03. DOI:10.1177/0019793918814476
Abstract
"This article compares the hiring patterns of start-ups and incumbent firms to analyze whether start-ups offer relatively more job opportunities to disadvantaged workers. Using administrative linked employer - employee data for Germany that provide the complete employment biographies of newly hired workers, the authors show that young firms are more likely than incumbents to hire applicants who are older, foreign, or unemployed, or who have unstable employment histories, arrive from outside the labor force, or were affected by a plant closure. Analysis of entry wages shows that penalties for these disadvantaged workers, however, are higher in start-ups than in incumbent firms. Therefore, even if start-ups provide employment opportunities for certain groups of disadvantaged workers, the quality of these jobs in terms of initial remuneration appears to be low." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Financial incentives and earnings of disability insurance recipients: evidence from a notch design (2019)
Ruh, Philippe; Staubli, Stefan;Zitatform
Ruh, Philippe & Stefan Staubli (2019): Financial incentives and earnings of disability insurance recipients. Evidence from a notch design. In: American Economic Journal. Economic Policy, Jg. 11, H. 2, S. 269-300. DOI:10.1257/pol.20160076
Abstract
"Most countries reduce disability insurance (DI ) benefits for beneficiaries earning above a specified threshold. Such an earnings threshold generates a discontinuous increase in tax liability - a notch - and creates an incentive to keep earnings below the threshold. Exploiting such a notch in Austria, we provide transparent and credible identification of the effect of financial incentives on DI beneficiaries' earnings. Using rich administrative data, we document large and sharp bunching at the earnings threshold. However, the elasticity driving these responses is small. Our estimate suggests that relaxing the earnings threshold reduces fiscal cost only if program entry is very inelastic." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: NBER working paper , 24830 -
Literaturhinweis
Switching focus: Whose responsibility to improve disabled people's employment and pay (2019)
Sayce, Liz;Zitatform
Sayce, Liz (2019): Switching focus. Whose responsibility to improve disabled people's employment and pay. London, 146 S.
Abstract
"This report addresses the question of whether there is a set of policy levers that could, together, encourage employers to improve disabled people's employment and pay. It also considers how proposals could be framed and pursued, to enable people to unite to achieve them." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Executive Summary -
Literaturhinweis
The effect of hearing impairments on wage earnings: evidence from a Copula-based spline selection model (2019)
Zimmer, David M.;Zitatform
Zimmer, David M. (2019): The effect of hearing impairments on wage earnings. Evidence from a Copula-based spline selection model. In: Labour, Jg. 33, H. 2, S. 147-161. DOI:10.1111/labr.12142
Abstract
"This paper investigates the effect of hearing impairments on annual wage earnings. A standard Heckman-style selection model suggests that hearing impairments reduce earnings by approximately 14 per cent, with no evidence of selection bias. The paper then relaxes the assumption of bivariate normality using a copula specification, and the paper allows for potentially nonlinear links between nonbinary covariates and earnings using smooth spline functions. By incorporating those two deviations, not only does the model appear to provide a better fit to the data, but hearing impairments appear to reduce earnings by 19 per cent, an effect 36 per cent larger than what is suggested by the standard selection setup. The model also uncovers evidence of statistically significant selection bias." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Disability saliency and discrimination in hiring (2018)
Zitatform
Armour, Phillip, Patrick Button & Simon Hollands (2018): Disability saliency and discrimination in hiring. In: AEA papers and proceedings, Jg. 108, S. 262-266. DOI:10.1257/pandp.20181045
Abstract
"Theory suggests that disability discrimination protections may adversely affect the hiring of individuals with disabilities by making them more expensive. Using SIPP data, we explore how the ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA), which expanded disability discrimination protections, affected the relative hiring rate of individuals with disabilities. We employ new categorizations of disability type: salient physical conditions, non-salient physical conditions, mental retardation and developmental disability, and other mental conditions. We find that the ADAAA had no effect other than increasing hiring for those with non-salient physical conditions. These results suggest that condition saliency may mediate the effects of discrimination protections on hiring." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Why do workers with disabilities earn less? Occupational job requirements and disability discrimination (2018)
Zitatform
Kruse, Douglas, Lisa Schur, Sean Rogers & Mason Ameri (2018): Why do workers with disabilities earn less? Occupational job requirements and disability discrimination. In: BJIR, Jg. 56, H. 4, S. 798-834. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12257
Abstract
"We analyse competing explanations for the lower pay of employees with disabilities, using 2008 - 2014 data from the American Community Survey matched to O*Net data on occupational job requirements. The results indicate that only part of the disability pay gap is due to productivity-related job requirements. The remaining pay gap -- experienced by employees whose impairments should not limit their productivity -- reflects potential discrimination. The discrimination-related pay gaps appear to be smallest and possibly non-existent for women and men with hearing impairments, and largest for those with cognitive and mobility impairments. Overall the results indicate that discrimination is likely to remain an influence on the pay of many workers with disabilities." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Teilhabebericht der Bundesregierung über die Lebenslagen von Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen 2016: Unterrichtung durch die Bundesregierung (2017)
Zitatform
(2017): Teilhabebericht der Bundesregierung über die Lebenslagen von Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen 2016. Unterrichtung durch die Bundesregierung. (Verhandlungen des Deutschen Bundestages. Drucksachen 18/10940 (20.01.2017)), 561 S.
Abstract
"Konzeptionelle und rechtliche Grundlagen, Grunddaten; Teilhabe in verschiedenen Lebensbereichen: Familie und soziales Netz, Bildung und Ausbildung, Erwerbstätigkeit und materielle Lebenssituation, alltägliche Lebensführung, Gesundheit, Freizeit, Kultur und Sport, Sicherheit und Schutz der Person, politische und gesellschaftliche Partizipation; vertiefende Fragestellungen: Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen und Migrationshintergrund, Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen und Wohnungslosigkeit" (Dokumentations- und Informationssystem Bundestag und Bundesrat - DIP)
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Ergebnisse und Projekte aus dem IAB
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Ausbildung, Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen
- Politik und Rechtsprechung für behinderte Menschen
- Rehabilitationseinrichtungen
- Berufsvorbereitung, Berufsberatung, Berufswahl
- Studium
- Berufsausbildung, Berufseinmündung
- Fortbildung und Umschulung
- betriebliche Rehabilitation
- Maßnahmen zur Erhaltung der Arbeitsfähigkeit
- Erfolgskontrolle, Kosten-Nutzen-Aspekte
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Arbeitsmarktsituation behinderter Menschen
- Arbeitsmarktpolitik, Inklusion, Persönliches Budget
- Beschäftigungsentwicklung
- Arbeitslosigkeit
- Beschäftigung in Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen
- Beschäftigung in alternativen Einrichtungen, Selbsthilfefirmen
- Berufliche Selbständigkeit
- Hochqualifizierte behinderte Menschen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt
- Beschäftigung im ersten Arbeitsmarkt
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Berufsleben und Arbeitswelt behinderter Menschen
- Personalpolitik, Arbeitgebereinstellungen, finanzielle Einstellungsanreize
- Eingliederungshilfe, BEM, Arbeitsassistenz, Unterstützte Beschäftigung, Arbeitsplatzsicherung
- Arbeitsbedingungen, Arbeitsplatzgestaltung, technische Arbeitshilfen, Arbeitszeit
- Berufsverlauf, Berufserfolg
- Berufsstruktur, Einzelberufe
- Arbeitszufriedenheit
- Lohn, Einkommen
- Behinderungsart
- Alter
- Geografischer Bezug
- Geschlecht