Abstract

"Mit der Ratifizierung des Übereinkommens der Vereinten Nationen über die Rechte von Menschen mit Behinderungen ist dieses Abkommen seit dem 26. März 2009 auch für Deutschland verbindlich. Die Bundesregierung will die Impulse, die durch das Übereinkommen in unserem Land spürbar sind, aufnehmen und die deutsche Politik für Menschen mit Behinderungen weiter vorantreiben.
Da auch andere Staaten das VN-Übereinkommen ratifiziert haben und eine erfolgreiche Behindertenpolitik umsetzen, soll in dieser Publikation diese Politik aller EU-Staaten und der Vertragsstaaten USA und Japan dargestellt werden, damit so die Zahlen und Fakten zur Lage behinderter Menschen und die Behindertenpolitik des jeweiligen Landes besser bekannt werden und verglichen werden können. Außerdem wird dargestellt, welche Maßnahmen andere Staaten in ihrer Behindertenpolitik ergriffen haben, um aus diesem Wissen Verbesserungspotenziale für die deutsche Politik zu Gunsten behinderter Menschen zu erkennen.
Aus diesem Grund sind die Regierungen der oben genannten Länder über die deutschen Botschaften um Hilfe gebeten worden, den Fragebogen zum Thema Behinderung zu beantworten. Neben diesem Fragebogen erfolgte eine weitere Abfrage zu Fragen aus dem Bereich des Sozialen Entschädigungsrechts einschließlich des Gewaltopferrechts." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Hasegawa, Tamako (2010): Japan's employment measures for persons with disabilities: centered on quota system of "act on employment promotion of persons with disabilities". In: Japan Labor Review, Jg. 7, H. 2, S. 26-42.

Abstract

"This paper introduces the history and specific contents of 'Act on Employment Promotion of Persons with Disabilities' which forms the foundation of Japan's measures for employment of persons with disabilities. The system of 'mandatory employment of persons with disabilities' based on the Act on Employment Pro-motion of Persons with Disabilities consists of the following two pillars: (i) a quota system which obligates employers to employ a certain percentage or more of persons with disabilities and (ii) a payment system for employment of persons with disabilities which charges employers a sanctions when they cannot achieve the legally-prescribed minimum employment rate. In this paper, I will precisely explain the contents of the law which has been amended repeatedly to deal with facing various problems and examine future issues bringing the realities of employment of persons with disabilities and the enactment of an antidiscrimination law for persons with disabilities into view. Readers will be able to obtain an over-all grasp of Japan's measures for employment of persons with disabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Inose, Keiji (2010): Way of working and environment for persons with intellectual disabilities to create labor values. From analyses on success case of special subsidiary companies and vocational training workshops. In: Japan Labor Review, Jg. 7, H. 2, S. 73-96.

Abstract

"It is extremely difficult for persons with intellectual disabilities to create labor values. However, there are success cases of special subsidiary companies which have tried to do this and have shown successful results. Special subsidiary companies analyze vocational capabilities of persons with intellectual disabilities working there, find out jobs which can be done by them from parent or associated companies and let them form groups to mutually complement each other in order to secure the minimum employment rate for persons with disabilities of their major parent companies. On the other hand, there is a vocational training workshop in Kagoshima which manages the business focusing on manufacturing of Buddhist altars, the local industry. It narrows the working area down to a high value-added traditional craft which is competitive and can be manufactured by even persons with intellectual disabilities who have acquired competitive skills. In both cases, the works of persons with intellectual disabilities have been incorporated into the social division of labor as an economic system, and mutually complementary and mutual aid relationship with surroundings has been generated." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Kudo, Tadashi (2010): Japan's employment rate of persons with disabilities and outcome of employment quota system. In: Japan Labor Review, Jg. 7, H. 2, S. 5-25.

Abstract

"Although there is no strict international definition of persons with disabilities, I examined the employment situation of persons with disabilities in Japan in this paper using government statistics and statistical surveys by the U.S. and international organizations. The appearance ratio of persons with disabilities is 10% of the world's population while in Japan it is only 5%. It suggests that Japan puts a narrow definition on persons with disabilities. It was also found that Japan's employment rate of working-age persons with disabilities is relatively higher than other countries. From an international standpoint, there are two approaches to expand employment opportunities for persons with disabilities: introduction of (i) a legal system on the antidiscrimination law and (ii) an employment quota system (legally-prescribed minimum employment rate system). Japan has introduced the latter approach. Looking at changes in the number of persons with disabilities working for companies which are covered by the employment quota system for 16 years, the system has brought about substantial results. On the contrary, the employment rate of persons with disabilities in the U.S. which has a typical anti-discrimination law, Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), is lower than that of Japan and the employment rate has not really increased even after the introduction of ADA. It was confirmed that the strengthening of a typical antidiscrimination law for persons with disabilities does not necessarily bring about the expansion of job opportunities for them." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Tsuchihashi, Toshihiro & Daisuke Oyama (2010): Disability employment levy-grant scheme from an economic viewpoint. In: Japan Labor Review, Jg. 7, H. 2, S. 43-53.

Abstract

"This paper discusses the disability employment quota-levy policy from an economic point of view. Based on the standpoint that the goal of the policy is to promote employment of disabled people in the society as a whole and the employment quota for each firm should be adjusted according to its capacity or opportunity cost associated with the employment, we underline that the levy-grant system can be utilized as an instrument that provides each firm with incentives to spontaneously achieve its optimal employment level. It is demonstrated that levy and grant can work as Pigouvian tax under complete in-formation and that a levy-grant scheme akin to the Vickrey auction mechanism achieves efficiency even when the cost structure of the firms is private information." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Yoda, Takao (2010): Japanese support system for competitive employment of persons with disabilities. In: Japan Labor Review, Jg. 7, H. 2, S. 54-72.

Abstract

"The purpose of this paper is to investigate and discuss the reality, issues and future directions of employment support for persons with disabilities which employers receive from external specialized agencies for their employment of disabilities. First, this paper outlines, from the viewpoint of employers, employment-related issues of persons with disabilities, based on interview surveys and large research studies. Then it reviews businesses' in-house problem-solving efforts and refers to employment support services provided by external agencies. While companies are trying to achieve the quota stipulated in the Employment Quota System, there still remain a number of challenges. In the future, coupled with the implementation of the Employment Quota System, more companies are expected to actively make use of employment support services, and this will lead to the increasing employment of persons with disabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))