Menschen mit Behinderungen in Ausbildung und Beruf
Mit dem Bundesteilhabegesetz und dem Nationalen Aktionsplan 2.0 wurden 2016 zwei wichtige behindertenpolitische Vorhaben angestoßen und in den Folgejahren umgesetzt und weiterentwickelt. Damit soll im Einklang mit der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention die Inklusion in Deutschland weiter vorangetrieben werden, indem die Selbstbestimmung und Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen gestärkt werden. Mit dem schrittweisen Inkrafttreten des Bundesteilhabegesetzes erfuhren das Recht der Rehabilitation und Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen und die Eingliederungshilfe (SGB IX) weitreichende Änderungen. Wie stellt sich die Situation von behinderten Menschen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt dar? Wie lassen sich behindertengerechte Berufsleben und inklusive Arbeitswelten gestalten?
Die Infoplattform stellt zentrale Dokumente und relevante Quellenhinweise zusammen, inhaltlich strukturiert nach den Aspekten der Politik für behinderte Menschen und den diskutierten bzw. realisierten Reformanstrengungen.
- Ergebnisse und Projekte aus dem IAB
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Ausbildung, Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen
- Politik und Rechtsprechung für behinderte Menschen
- Rehabilitationseinrichtungen
- Berufsvorbereitung, Berufsberatung, Berufswahl
- Studium
- Berufsausbildung, Berufseinmündung
- Fortbildung und Umschulung
- betriebliche Rehabilitation
- Maßnahmen zur Erhaltung der Arbeitsfähigkeit
- Erfolgskontrolle, Kosten-Nutzen-Aspekte
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Arbeitsmarktsituation behinderter Menschen
- Arbeitsmarktpolitik, Inklusion, Persönliches Budget
- Beschäftigungsentwicklung
- Arbeitslosigkeit
- Beschäftigung in Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen
- Beschäftigung in alternativen Einrichtungen, Selbsthilfefirmen
- Berufliche Selbständigkeit
- Hochqualifizierte behinderte Menschen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt
- Beschäftigung im ersten Arbeitsmarkt
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Berufsleben und Arbeitswelt behinderter Menschen
- Personalpolitik, Arbeitgebereinstellungen, finanzielle Einstellungsanreize
- Eingliederungshilfe, BEM, Arbeitsassistenz, Unterstützte Beschäftigung, Arbeitsplatzsicherung
- Arbeitsbedingungen, Arbeitsplatzgestaltung, technische Arbeitshilfen, Arbeitszeit
- Berufsverlauf, Berufserfolg
- Berufsstruktur, Einzelberufe
- Arbeitszufriedenheit
- Lohn, Einkommen
- Behinderungsart
- Alter
- Geografischer Bezug
- Geschlecht
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Literaturhinweis
Wurde die Wirkung von Grenzwerten im deutschen Arbeitsrecht bisher unterschätzt? (2026)
Zitatform
Hiesinger, Karolin & Leonard Koch (2026): Wurde die Wirkung von Grenzwerten im deutschen Arbeitsrecht bisher unterschätzt? In: Sozialer Fortschritt, Jg. 75, H. 1, S. 29-46., 2025-12-22. DOI:10.3790/sfo.2026.1475602
Abstract
"Viele Regelungen im deutschen Arbeitsrecht greifen erst ab einer bestimmten Arbeitgebergröße. Es existieren weit über 100 solcher Grenzwertregelungen, wobei die dafür relevante Arbeitgebergröße oftmals sehr unterschiedlich berechnet wird. Der vorliegende Artikel zeigt auf, welche Unterschiede es bei der Erfassung von Grenzwerten gibt, diskutiert die bisherige Forschung zu Grenzwerteffekten und stellt Thesen zur Erklärung der uneindeutigen Evidenz auf. Durch eine einheitliche Erfassung könnten Bürokratie abgebaut und Grenzwerteffekte empirisch besser identifiziert werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Duncker & Humblot)
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Literaturhinweis
Labor Market Screening and the Design of Social Insurance: An Equilibrium Analysis of the Labor Market for the Disabled (2025)
Zitatform
Aizawa, Naoki, Soojin Kim & Serena Rhee (2025): Labor Market Screening and the Design of Social Insurance: An Equilibrium Analysis of the Labor Market for the Disabled. In: The Review of Economic Studies, Jg. 92, H. 1, S. 1-39. DOI:10.1093/restud/rdae015
Abstract
"This article studies how firms’ screening incentives in the labor market affect the optimal design of social insurance programs and quantitatively assesses the U.S. disability policies accounting for firms’ screening of the disabled. We develop an equilibrium search model where workers with different productivities have heterogeneous preferences over non-wage benefits and firms cannot offer an employment contract that explicitly depends on worker types. In this environment, firms may use contracts to screen out a certain type of workers, distorting employment rates and contracts in equilibrium. Therefore, the optimal structure of social insurance policies depends on firms’ screening incentives. We extend and structurally estimate this framework to quantitatively understand the inefficiencies arising from firms’ incentives to screen out disabled workers and examine the optimal joint design of disability insurance (DI) and various forms of firm subsidies. We find that hiring subsidies mitigate screening distortions; at the same time, they interact with DI by reducing the labor supply disincentives it generates. The optimal policy structure leads to a considerable welfare gain by simultaneously making firm subsidies and DI benefits more generous." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The employment effects of the disability education gap in Europe (2025)
Zitatform
Albinowski, Maciej, Iga Magda & Agata Rozszczypała (2025): The employment effects of the disability education gap in Europe. In: Education Economics, Jg. 33, H. 5, S. 686-699. DOI:10.1080/09645292.2024.2395564
Abstract
"We investigate the contribution of the disability education gap to thedisability employment gap in the European Union. We find that educational attainment is a major factor determining the probability of employment among persons with disabilities and that the employment effects of tertiary education are much larger among persons with disabilities than among non-disabled people. We also uncover substantial heterogeneity in the role of education across countries. Overall, weestimate that 19% of the disability employment gap in the 25–34 agegroup can be attributed to the gap in education between individuals with and without disabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Is Work Still a Right if it has Become a Norm? Disability Inclusion in Labor Market Policy Discourse (2025)
Zitatform
Baeken, Andries, Anneleen Forrier & Nele De Cuyper (2025): Is Work Still a Right if it has Become a Norm? Disability Inclusion in Labor Market Policy Discourse. In: Journal of Business Ethics, Jg. 201, H. 4, S. 839-857. DOI:10.1007/s10551-025-05962-6
Abstract
"Policy motives for work for people with a disability (PWD) are divergent along two discourses: work as a right vs norm. Work as a right, based on the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), portrays work as a potential gateway for inclusion. Work as a norm fits a neoliberal agenda. It considers labor market participation of all, including PWD, as a civil responsibility crucial for economic welfare. Critics argue that the work as a norm discourse presents a risk for inclusion of PWD. Work is seen as a necessary condition for and not one of many ways to inclusion in society. To make the right to work for PWD work, critical scholars call to unravel whether and how the discourses of work as a right and norm for PWD become intertwined in policy. In response and through the lens of recontextualization, we study how discourses of work as a right and norm for PWD are received, reproduced and reworked in political debate in Flanders (Belgium) over time. We examine policy texts and parliamentary questions of four government terms (2004–2024). The findings illustrate how the work as a right discourse is gradually recontextualized into the work as a norm discourse to legitimize neoliberal policies of strict activation. In accordance, we see a gradual move towards neoliberal-ableism. Although the UNCRPD aims to eradicate ableism, its recontextualization and appropriation reinforces neoliberal-ableism." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Inklusion im Berufseinstieg: Gatekeeping am Übergang Schule-Berufsausbildung aus Sicht von Auszubildenden mit Lernbeeinträchtigungen (2025)
Beer, Mareike;Zitatform
Beer, Mareike (2025): Inklusion im Berufseinstieg. Gatekeeping am Übergang Schule-Berufsausbildung aus Sicht von Auszubildenden mit Lernbeeinträchtigungen. (Teilhabe an Beruf und Arbeit 7), Bielefeld: wbv, 514 S. DOI:10.3278/9783763977505
Abstract
"Die Berufsorientierung und der damit verbundene Berufswahlprozess spielen eine zentrale Rolle für die berufliche Zukunft. Denn ein erfolgreicher Übergang in die Arbeitswelt ist nicht nur für die individuelle Entwicklung wichtig, sondern auch ein entscheidender Faktor für gesellschaftliche Teilhabe. Die Phase des Übergangs von der Schule in den Beruf stellt vor allem Jugendliche mit Förderbedarf, Beeinträchtigungen oder Behinderungen vor besondere Herausforderungen. Die Forschung hat bisher der größten Gruppe von Heranwachsenden mit Förderbedarf - Jugendlichen mit Lernbeeinträchtigungen - wenig Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit der Autorin Mareike Beer wird sich mit dieser Gruppe befasst, um einen Beitrag zur Schließung dieser Forschungslücke zu leisten. Ferner sollen neue Erkenntnisse über die spezifischen Herausforderungen und Bedürfnisse dieser Zielgruppe gewonnen werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © wbv)
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Literaturhinweis
Medizinisch-beruflich orientierte Rehabilitation (2025)
Bethge, Matthias ; Bühne, David ; Sternberg, Annika; Budde, Andrea; Banaschak, Hannes ; Fauser, David ; Schnalke, Gerhard;Zitatform
Bethge, Matthias, David Bühne, Hannes Banaschak, Annika Sternberg, Andrea Budde, Gerhard Schnalke & David Fauser (2025): Medizinisch-beruflich orientierte Rehabilitation. In: Die Rehabilitation, Jg. 64, H. 1, S. 40-53. DOI:10.1055/a-2290-7717
Abstract
"Die medizinisch-beruflich orientierte Rehabilitation (MBOR) ist ein multimodales interprofessionell durchgeführtes Programm, das gesundheitsbedingte Diskrepanzen von arbeitsplatzbezogenen Fähigkeiten und Anforderungen reduziert, um berufliche Teilhabe von Menschen zu unterstützen, die, z. B. aufgrund langer Arbeitsunfähigkeit, ein erhöhtes Risiko haben, dass die berufliche Wiedereingliederung scheitert. Leistungsrechtlich ist die MBOR eine medizinische Rehabilitation, die durch zusätzliche diagnostische und therapeutische Leistungen ergänzt wurde." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Pathways to Inclusion? Labor Market Entry Trajectories of Persons With Disabilities in Europe (2025)
Zitatform
Blanck, Jonna M., Christian Brzinsky-Fay & Justin J.W. Powell (2025): Pathways to Inclusion? Labor Market Entry Trajectories of Persons With Disabilities in Europe. In: Social Inclusion, Jg. 13. DOI:10.17645/si.9603
Abstract
"Almost a fifth of the population in OECD countries report having a disability and the proportion of students classified as having special educational needs (SEN) has steadily increased over recent decades. While this group faces marginalization in schooling and employment everywhere, there are profound differences in disability-based disadvantages across countries. However, comparative research on the labor market opportunities of persons with disabilities (PwDs) remains limited, especially regarding school-to-work transitions (STWT) that are crucial for subsequent labor market opportunities. Thus, lacking comparative knowledge on how institutional contexts shape these transitions also limits opportunities for policy learning and improvement of supports provided. This study addresses these gaps by analysing longitudinal data from the European Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). First, using sequence and cluster analysis, we classify these trajectories and provide an in-depth analysis of labor market entry patterns for PwDs compared to those without disabilities across 31 European countries. Second, we explore whether the timing of first employment, instability during the STWT, as well as inclusionary or exclusionary transitions vary between these groups and how the disparities between persons with and without disabilities regarding these indicators are related to institutionalized segregation and support structures. Our findings highlight that PwDs usually do not transition more slowly to (some form of) employment, yet they experience more instability and less inclusion during their STWT. Segregation exacerbates disadvantages, whereas institutional support structures reduce the disadvantages youth with disabilities face when these programs actively facilitate pathways to inclusion." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How Does Disability Affect Incomes? An Empirical Study On Older European Workers (2025)
Zitatform
Bondoux, Justine, Thomas Barnay, Florence Jusot & Thomas Renaud (2025): How Does Disability Affect Incomes? An Empirical Study On Older European Workers. In: Annals of economics and statistics H. 158, S. 45-80. DOI:10.2307/48845128
Abstract
"This paper studies the impact of the onset of disability on personal income. Using the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, we compare income trajectories of individuals who experience disability with those who remain healthy over the same period. We hypothesize that the onset of disability reduces overall personal income, as the loss in wages is not fully compensated by disability-related benefits. To identify the causal impact, we combine a difference-in-differences approach with kernel propensity score matching, controlling for both observable and time-invariant unobservable individual characteristics. Our results confirm this hypothesis, showing a substantial decrease in personal income driven primarily by reduced wages. We further investigate heterogeneous effects by gender and the generosity of social welfare systems, showing that more generous welfare states mitigate income losses due to disability." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Enabling Inclusion: An Analysis of Positive and Negative Outcomes of Discretionary Work Arrangements for Employees With Disabilities (2025)
Zitatform
Booth, Jonathan E. & Daniela Lup (2025): Enabling Inclusion: An Analysis of Positive and Negative Outcomes of Discretionary Work Arrangements for Employees With Disabilities. In: BJIR, Jg. 63, H. 3, S. 394-412. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12862
Abstract
"While it is well-known that employees with disabilities have significantly more negative work experiences compared to other employees, research geared towards understanding how employers could improve some of these experiences is still underdeveloped. To advance this research agenda, this study investigates links between five distinct types of discretionary arrangements (work discretion, scheduling discretion, part-timing, homeworking and pay for individual performance), and outcomes related to work experiences and the wellbeing of employees with disabilities (job satisfaction, perception of fairness, recognition, motivation, engagement, work stress and work-life interference). To explore these links, we use data from the European Working Conditions Survey (2015). We find that not all work arrangements that increase discretion at the workplace have a positive impact on employees with disabilities and that some can be especially detrimental. By unpacking the multiple ways in which various types of discretion at the workplace affect employees with disabilities, this study not only makes a theoretical contribution but also provides employers who aim to improve the working experiences of employees with disabilities with some empirical evidence to help them take more inclusive actions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Distinctions between inclusive and non-inclusive companies for persons with disability: Exploring the impact of COM-B and HRM practices (2025)
Zitatform
Breit, Eric & Magne Bråthen (2025): Distinctions between inclusive and non-inclusive companies for persons with disability: Exploring the impact of COM-B and HRM practices. In: Work. A Journal of Prevention, Assessment and Rehabilitation, Jg. 81, H. 2, S. 2651-2661. DOI:10.1177/10519815251320275
Abstract
"Background: Scholars have increasingly focused on the role of employers in addressing labour market challenges faced by persons with disability (PWD). While we have gained more knowledge about the motivations, practices and characteristics for hiring PWD, we still lack information on whether these are general organizational features or specific to inclusive companies. Objective: This study aims to examine the factors that distinguish inclusive from non-inclusive ones, using the COM-B framework (capability, opportunity, motivation) and Human Resource Management (HRM) practices. Methods: We utilized survey data from a sample of small and medium sized companies (SME) in Norway (N = 1000). We conducted Logistic Regression Estimates (odds ratios) to determine predictive factors of an “inclusive company”. Results: Inclusive companies scored higher than non-inclusive companies in all dimensions of COM-B and HRM practices. However, only knowledge about work inclusion (capability), availability of resources and positions (opportunity) and the desire to contribute to an inclusive labour market (social motivation) were significant explanatory factors for inclusivity. Among HRM practices, only recruitment showed a significant relationship with inclusivity after considering the COM factors. Conclusions: This study underscores the importance of utilizing the COM-B framework to understand how companies approach the inclusion of PWD." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employer Perceptions of Hiring and Initial Support of Employees With Disabilities (2025)
Brooke, Alissa Molinelli; McDonough, Jennifer ; Wehman, Paul ; Brooke, Valerie ; Wright, Travis ; Taylor, Joshua P. ; Inge, Katherine;Zitatform
Brooke, Alissa Molinelli, Joshua P. Taylor, Katherine Inge, Travis Wright, Paul Wehman, Jennifer McDonough & Valerie Brooke (2025): Employer Perceptions of Hiring and Initial Support of Employees With Disabilities. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 68, H. 4, S. 249-261. DOI:10.1177/00343552241265317
Abstract
"Much of the literature to date on disability employment has focused on preparing and supporting individuals with disabilities seeking and retaining jobs (i.e., supply side). A growing body of demand-side research has revealed the importance of employer’s experiences, attitudes, and perspectives in promoting successful employment outcomes. Much remains to be learned about employers’ decision-making process around the hiring and initial onboarding of employees with disabilities. The current study consisted of interviews with 35 supervisors from businesses who had recently hired and were currently employing a person with a disability in a range of industries. Key themes across the hiring and onboarding phases highlighted the importance of employment specialists and the value of relationships and rapport to impact decisions made during these phases. Our findings resulted in several recommendations for future research, policy, and practice, the implications of which are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Nutzung von Routinedaten in der Rehabilitationsforschung - Teil 1: Ein Überblick über Art, Zugang, Qualität und Datenschutz (2025)
Brünger, Martin ; Reims, Nancy ; Brzoska, Patrick ; Hetzel, Christian ; Du Prel, Jean-Baptist ; Wahidie, Diana; Rohrbacher, Max ; Leinberger, Sarah ; Mika, Tatjana ; March, Stefanie ; Schuler, Michael ; Exner, Anne-Kathrin ; Ellert, Sebastian; Knoop, Tobias;Zitatform
Brünger, Martin, Patrick Brzoska, Jean-Baptist Du Prel, Sebastian Ellert, Anne-Kathrin Exner, Tobias Knoop, Sarah Leinberger, Stefanie March, Tatjana Mika, Nancy Reims, Max Rohrbacher, Michael Schuler, Diana Wahidie & Christian Hetzel (2025): Nutzung von Routinedaten in der Rehabilitationsforschung - Teil 1: Ein Überblick über Art, Zugang, Qualität und Datenschutz. In: Die Rehabilitation, Jg. 64, H. 3, S. 167-175., 2025-02-24. DOI:10.1055/a-2575-9422
Abstract
"Aufgrund des hohen Aufwands von Primärstudien bietet sich die Nutzung von bestehenden Daten, sogenannten Routinedaten, für die Beantwortung insbesondere von versorgungsnahen Forschungsfragen in der Rehabilitation an. Bisherige Übersichtsarbeiten zur Routinedatennutzung fokussieren auf die Akutversorgung im Zuständigkeitsbereich der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV), lassen jedoch die Rehabilitation und andere Reha-relevante Leistungsträger wie die Deutsche Rentenversicherung (DRV), die Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung (DGUV) und die Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) weitgehend außen vor. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist daher, einen Überblick über Art, Zugang, Qualität und datenschutzrechtliche Aspekte zu Routinedaten im Kontext der Rehabilitationsforschung zu geben. Bestehende Empfehlungen, Ergebnisse einer selektiven Literaturrecherche und eigene Erfahrungen wurden herangezogen. Routinedaten zeichnen sich durch die sehr hohe Fallzahl, den oft großen Merkmalsumfang und die längsschnittliche Dokumentation über lange Zeiträume aus. Der Zugang zu Routinedaten der Deutschen Rentenversicherung und der Bundesagentur für Arbeit ist für Forschende vergleichsweise niedrigschwellig, während dies für Routinedaten anderer Leistungsträger und von Leistungserbringern bislang nicht gleichermaßen der Fall ist. Weiterhin können unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen Routinedatensätze untereinander und mit Primärdaten verknüpft werden, was die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten deutlich erweitern kann. Neben den Vorteilen von Routinedaten sind deren Limitationen zu beachten. Routinedaten wurden für andere Zwecke erhoben und enthalten meist nur Merkmale, die für die Administration erforderlich sind. Ein prospektiver Studienansatz mit Routinedaten ist aufgrund der kontinuierlichen Datenerhebung und -dokumentation grundsätzlich möglich, jedoch ist keine randomisierte Zuweisung zu Interventionen umsetzbar. Zudem sind Generalisierbarkeit und Qualität einschließlich psychometrischer Eigenschaften von Datensätzen und einzelner Variablen zu prüfen, ebenso die Verfügbarkeit von Routinedatensätzen. Das im Aufbau befindliche Forschungsdatenzentrum Gesundheit sieht bislang weder eine Integration von GKV-Rehabilitationsdaten noch die Verknüpfung von GKV-Daten mit Daten anderer Reha-relevanter Leistungsträger vor. Datenschutzrechtliche Aspekte sind ebenfalls bedeutsam. Bei Nutzung von pseudonymisierten Daten von Sozialversicherungsträgern ist durch die Datenhalter ein Antrag nach § 75 SGB X bei den zuständigen Aufsichtsbehörden zu stellen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
From welfare to work: The health and material well-being effects of long-term employment subsidies in Germany (2025)
Bömmel, Nadja ; Coban, Mustafa ; Kasrin, Zein ; Zabel, Cordula ; Schiele, Maximilian ; Wenzig, Claudia; Wolff, Joachim;Zitatform
Bömmel, Nadja, Mustafa Coban, Zein Kasrin, Maximilian Schiele, Claudia Wenzig, Joachim Wolff & Cordula Zabel (2025): From welfare to work: The health and material well-being effects of long-term employment subsidies in Germany. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. e12653., 2024-01-31. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12653
Abstract
"This paper analyses effects of subsidized, predominantly non-standard, employment within the German labor market program ‘participation in the labor market’ for long-term welfare recipients on their health satisfaction, health-based quality of life, satisfaction with standard of living and households' actual ownership of important goods (e.g., car or new clothes) or the lack thereof due to financial reasons. We differentiated subgroups by health, age and working hours. Data for participants and non-participants (but entitled to welfare benefits) stem from the first two waves (2020/2021) of the panel survey ‘Quality of Life and Social Participation’. To identify causal effects, we employed matching methods based on administrative and survey data. Our findings show that 1 and 2 years after programme start, participation had significant positive effects on all indicators of health and standard of living. Thus, for the program's focus group, subsidized employment, even if non-standard, can contribute to improving health and material well-being." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Wiley) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Bömmel, Nadja ; Coban, Mustafa ; Kasrin, Zein ; Zabel, Cordula ; Schiele, Maximilian ; Wenzig, Claudia; Wolff, Joachim; -
Literaturhinweis
Förderung der beruflichen Teilhabe in der ambulanten vs. stationären orthopädischen Medizinisch-beruflich orientierten Rehabilitation (MBOR): Analysen auf Basis von Routinedaten (2025)
Zitatform
Bühne, David, Christian Hetzel, Mathis Elling & Torsten Alles (2025): Förderung der beruflichen Teilhabe in der ambulanten vs. stationären orthopädischen Medizinisch-beruflich orientierten Rehabilitation (MBOR): Analysen auf Basis von Routinedaten. In: Die Rehabilitation. DOI:10.1055/a-2679-7982
Abstract
"Intendiert wurde eine Untersuchung des Einflusses der Reha-Form auf das Angebot berufsbezogener Leistungen sowie die Förderung der beruflichen Teilhabe in orthopädischen Stufe-B-Heilverfahren. Die Analysen erfolgten auf Grundlage der Reha-Statistik-Datenbasis (RSD). Eingeschlossen wurden pflichtversicherte Personen im Alter von bis zu 63 Jahren mit MBOR-Stufe B-Heilverfahren in den Jahren 2018–2019 und Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankung (erste Entlassungsdiagnose aus dem ICD-10-Kapitel XIII). Die Umsetzung der MBOR wurde anhand der im Entlassbericht dokumentierten Leistungen abgebildet. 46.276 Rehabilitandinnen und Rehabilitanden wurden eingeschlossen. Kernangebote wurden im Umfang von durchschnittlich 8,2 (ambulantes Setting) bzw. 9,3 Stunden (stationäres Setting) dokumentiert. Bei 25,7% der ambulanten und 37,1% der stationären Rehabilitandinnen und Rehabilitanden entsprach der Gesamtumfang dabei mit elf oder mehr Stunden dem in der Regel vorgesehenen Mindestumfang. Hinsichtlich der Förderung der beruflichen Teilhabe wurde nach Adjustierung für gesundheits- und erwerbsbezogene Merkmale kein signifikanter Einfluss der Reha-Form vorgefunden (OR=0,96; 95% KI: 0,90 – 1,03; p=0,3; Referenzkategorie=stationäres Setting). Der Bedarf an berufsbezogenen Angeboten wurde settingübergreifend weder in der Zuweisung zu Stufe B-Leistungen noch in den realisierten Stufe B-Leistungen flächendeckend gedeckt. Bezüglich der Förderung der beruflichen Teilhabe deuten die Ergebnisse auf eine Gleichwertigkeit des ambulanten und stationären Settings hin." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Investigating Demographic and Service Predictors of Hourly Wages and Weekly Working Hours of Youth With Disabilities (2025)
Castruita-Rios, Yazmin ; Park, Sara ; Taylor, Joshua P. ; Tansey, Timothy; Poppen, Marcus; Avellone, Lauren ; Whittenburg, Holly N. ;Zitatform
Castruita-Rios, Yazmin, Sara Park, Joshua P. Taylor, Holly N. Whittenburg, Marcus Poppen, Lauren Avellone & Timothy Tansey (2025): Investigating Demographic and Service Predictors of Hourly Wages and Weekly Working Hours of Youth With Disabilities. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, S. 1-16. DOI:10.1177/00343552251378063
Abstract
"The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) of 2014 increased the support toward transition-age youth with disabilities via the provision of pre-employment transition services (Pre-ETS). Research has suggested that Pre-ETS contributes to the employment outcomes of transition-age youth, yet limited information remains surrounding the impact of these services on the quality of employment (i.e., wages and hours). The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of demographic characteristics, disability-related characteristics, barriers, Pre-ETS, and individualized vocational rehabilitation (VR) services on hourly wages and weekly hours worked among transition-age youth with disabilities who exited with competitive integrated employment. Data from the Rehabilitation Service Administration’s Case Service Report (RSA-911) between the program years of 2017–2020 were utilized for this study. Two hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between the five categories of independent variables and the two dependent variables. Our findings revealed several predictors of hourly wages and weekly hours worked among the 5,313 transition-age youth with disabilities in our sample. Significant predictors of hourly wages and weekly hours worked included identifying as male, having autism or an intellectual disability, and receiving postsecondary education training services, among others. Implications for research, policy, and practice are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Assessing Evidence-Based Disability Inclusion Policy and Practices to Promote Employment of People With Disabilities in the Workplace: Scale Development and Validation (2025)
Chan, Fong ; Chen, Xiangli; Tansey, Timothy N. ; Wehman, Paul ; Wu, Jia Rung; Ditchman, Nicole ; Iwanaga, Kanako ;Zitatform
Chan, Fong, Kanako Iwanaga, Timothy N. Tansey, Nicole Ditchman, Paul Wehman, Jia Rung Wu & Xiangli Chen (2025): Assessing Evidence-Based Disability Inclusion Policy and Practices to Promote Employment of People With Disabilities in the Workplace: Scale Development and Validation. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 68, H. 4, S. 236-248. DOI:10.1177/00343552241268757
Abstract
"There is a strong commitment in the United States and the European Union to better support people with disabilities in the competitive labor market, where disability inclusion is widely viewed as a social imperative and underscored in policies, such as the European Union’s Disability Inclusion Policy and Strategy 2020–2030, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act. However, there is a lack of readily available strategies and tools for rehabilitation counselors to collaborate effectively with businesses and organizations in assessing their progress toward these inclusion goals. To address this need, the Disability Inclusion Profiler (DIP23) was developed to assess disability inclusion policies and practices. This study aimed to examine the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the DIP23 in a sample of 466 human resources managers. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a two-factor measurement structure: (1) Executive Level and (2) Middle Management and Staff Level Disability Inclusion Policies. Both factors demonstrated strong internal consistency and correlated with employment rates of people with disabilities. The DIP23 is a psychometrically sound measure for rehabilitation counselors to help organizations assess their disability-inclusive climate and identify areas of strengths and areas needing improvement to increase disability representation in the workplace." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Effects of the Minimum Wage on Employment of Young Adults with Cognitive Disabilities (2025)
Zitatform
Chiswick, Barry, Hope Corman, Dhaval M. Dave & Nancy Reichman (2025): Effects of the Minimum Wage on Employment of Young Adults with Cognitive Disabilities. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 33990), Cambridge, Mass, 43 S.
Abstract
"This study analyzes, for the first time, the effect of increases in the minimum wage on the labor market outcomes of working age adults with cognitive disabilities, a vulnerable and low-skilled sector of the actual and potential labor pool. Using data from the American Community Survey (2008-2023), we estimated effects of the minimum wage on employment, labor force participation, weeks worked, and hours worked among working age individuals with cognitive disabilities using a generalized difference-in-differences research design. We found that a higher effective minimum wage leads to reduced employment and labor force participation among individuals with cognitive disabilities but has no significant effect on labor supply at the intensive margin for this group. Adverse impacts were particularly pronounced for those with lower educational attainment. In contrast, we found no significant labor market effects of an increase in the minimum wage for individuals with physical disabilities or in the non-disabled population." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Disability onset and labor market outcomes (2025)
Zitatform
Collischon, Matthias, Karolin Hiesinger & Laura Pohlan (2025): Disability onset and labor market outcomes. In: Socio-economic review, Jg. 23, H. 4, S. 2033-2064., 2025-03-08. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwaf021
Abstract
"This article analyzes the individual-level effects of disability onset on labor market outcomes using novel administrative data from Germany. Combining propensity score matching techniques with an event-study design, we find lasting negative impacts on employment and wages. One important mechanism is transitions to nonemployment after disability onset: the number of nonemployment days of the newly disabled increases by 36 days per year after one year and by 55 days after five years compared to the control group. For those who stay in employment, working part-time and switching to less physically or psychosocially demanding jobs are important adjustment paths. The negative labor market effects of disability onset are more pronounced for severely disabled, older, and low-skilled individuals." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Oxford University Press) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Implementing employability interventions for workers with health conditions: A systematic review (2025)
Zitatform
Daniels, Kevin, Helen Fitzhugh & Rayhaan Nooraya (2025): Implementing employability interventions for workers with health conditions: A systematic review. In: Social Science & Medicine, Jg. 385. DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118597
Abstract
"Health conditions are a major source of economic inactivity in working age adults. We conducted a systematic review of eight databases to identify factors that influence the implementation of effective interventions for workers with health conditions. We reviewed 55 separate studies of interventions to improve employment and/or health outcomes for workers or those seeking work. Findings were synthesized into evidence-statements (e.g., “Facilitating governance structures are associated with a)efforts at continuation and adaption of interventions and b) learning structures and activities”). The evidence-statements were synthesized into a theory of change to explain the level of implementation of interventions, employment, health, and work performance outcomes. The theory of change considers factors related to: the employing organization's external and internal environment (e.g., labor market legislation), intervention management, intervention features, and a range of stakeholders (e.g., intervention recipients, line managers, health professionals). We identified gaps in the literature, including knowledge of how implementation factors relate to cost-effectiveness and knowledge on how interventions and organizations are adapted to fit with each other. This systematic review is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024591723)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labor market entry prospects of people with visual impairments: evidence from administrative register data in the Netherlands (2025)
Zitatform
Diehl, Katharina, Eline Heppe, Melvin Vooren, Ilja Cornelisz & Chris van Klaveren (2025): Labor market entry prospects of people with visual impairments: evidence from administrative register data in the Netherlands. In: The European Journal of Health Economics. DOI:10.1007/s10198-025-01830-2
Abstract
"The UN’s Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilitiesincludes a right to equal work opportunities. People with visual impairments (VI) are targeted by this convention and experience low employment rates. The initial transition from education to labor is a predictor for later labor market participation. Exploiting administrative register data, we identified a graduated subpopulation with VI and matched them to a control group. This paper evaluates (1) group differences in various socio-economic outcomes following graduation, and (2) following initial employment. Following graduation there are fewer transitions into (self-)employment for people with VI and more transitions to disability insurance or social benefits, but similar patterns for unemployment insurance and further education. Scrutinizing subsequent dynamics for those that secured initial employment revealed a greater share of those with VI maintained employment as dominant source of income given there was a change in employment status. However, there are more dynamics recorded for individuals with VI, which may reflect difficulties retaining a job. This group remained overrepresented in disability insurance as well as social benefits. Differences with regards to self-employment, unemployment insurance, further education and the other no income status did not reach significance. In conclusion, this study did not find equal labor market prospects for declarants with VI. The finding that VI declarants face less favorable labor market prospects than their matched counterparts, despite having similar cognitive ability, underscores the need for policies that not only improve their labor market outcomes but also promote greater equality in opportunities to reach the UN convention’s ideals." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
- Ergebnisse und Projekte aus dem IAB
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Ausbildung, Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen
- Politik und Rechtsprechung für behinderte Menschen
- Rehabilitationseinrichtungen
- Berufsvorbereitung, Berufsberatung, Berufswahl
- Studium
- Berufsausbildung, Berufseinmündung
- Fortbildung und Umschulung
- betriebliche Rehabilitation
- Maßnahmen zur Erhaltung der Arbeitsfähigkeit
- Erfolgskontrolle, Kosten-Nutzen-Aspekte
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Arbeitsmarktsituation behinderter Menschen
- Arbeitsmarktpolitik, Inklusion, Persönliches Budget
- Beschäftigungsentwicklung
- Arbeitslosigkeit
- Beschäftigung in Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen
- Beschäftigung in alternativen Einrichtungen, Selbsthilfefirmen
- Berufliche Selbständigkeit
- Hochqualifizierte behinderte Menschen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt
- Beschäftigung im ersten Arbeitsmarkt
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Berufsleben und Arbeitswelt behinderter Menschen
- Personalpolitik, Arbeitgebereinstellungen, finanzielle Einstellungsanreize
- Eingliederungshilfe, BEM, Arbeitsassistenz, Unterstützte Beschäftigung, Arbeitsplatzsicherung
- Arbeitsbedingungen, Arbeitsplatzgestaltung, technische Arbeitshilfen, Arbeitszeit
- Berufsverlauf, Berufserfolg
- Berufsstruktur, Einzelberufe
- Arbeitszufriedenheit
- Lohn, Einkommen
- Behinderungsart
- Alter
- Geografischer Bezug
- Geschlecht