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Arbeitszeit: Verlängern? Verkürzen? Flexibilisieren?

Verkürzung, Verlängerung oder Flexibilisierung der Arbeitszeit stehen immer wieder im Zentrum der Debatten. Was wünschen sich Unternehmen und Beschäftigte? Wie kann Arbeitszeitpolitik die Schaffung neuer Arbeitsplätze und die Sicherung vorhandener Arbeitsplätze unterstützen?
Dieses Themendossier bietet Publikationen zur Entwicklung der Arbeitszeiten in Deutschland auch im internationalen Vergleich, zur betrieblichen Gestaltung der Arbeitszeit und zu den Arbeitszeitwünschen der Beschäftigten.
Publikationen zur kontroversen Debatte um die Einführung der Vier-Tage-Woche finden Sie in unserem Themendossier Vier-Tage-Woche – Arbeitszeitmodell der Zukunft?
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Working time and work-life balance in a life course perspective: a report based on the fifth European Working Conditions Survey (2013)

    Anxo, Dominique; Franz, Christine; Kümmerling, Angelika;

    Zitatform

    Anxo, Dominique, Christine Franz & Angelika Kümmerling (2013): Working time and work-life balance in a life course perspective. A report based on the fifth European Working Conditions Survey. Dublin, 72 S.

    Abstract

    "Understanding how working time is organised and how this is impacting on balance of work versus private life is of fundamental importance. This general statement is very much in accordance with the main objective of the Europe 2020 employment strategy, stating that at least 75% of the population aged 20 - 64 should be employed by 2020, necessitating in many Member States a significant increase in women's labour market participation. Drawing on data from Eurofound's fifth European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), based on interviews with more than 38,000 respondents in 34 countries, this report documents the prevailing working time patterns of employees, the self-employed and lone parents across five country clusters. It also analyses the relationship between paid employment and domestic activities, work - life balance and working time preferences across the life course." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Part-time jobs: what women want? (2013)

    Booth, Alison L.; Ours, Jan C. van;

    Zitatform

    Booth, Alison L. & Jan C. van Ours (2013): Part-time jobs: what women want? In: Journal of population economics, Jg. 26, H. 1, S. 263-283. DOI:10.1007/s00148-012-0417-9

    Abstract

    "Part-time jobs are common among partnered women in many countries. There are two opposing views on the efficiency implications of so many women working part-time. The negative view is that part-time jobs imply wastage of resources and underutilization of investments in human capital since many part-time working women are highly educated. The positive view is that, without the existence of part-time jobs, female labor force participation would be substantially lower since women confronted with the choice between a full-time job and zero working hours would opt for the latter. In the Netherlands, the majority of partnered working women have a part-time job. Our paper investigates, from a supply-side perspective, if the current situation of abundant part-time work in the Netherlands is likely to be a transitional phase that will culminate in many women working full-time. Our main results indicate that partnered women in part-time work have high levels of job satisfaction, a low desire to change their working hours, and live in partnerships in which household production is highly gendered. Taken together, our results suggest that part-time jobs are what most Dutch women want." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Neueinstellungen in Teilzeit: Betriebe wie Beschäftigte können profitieren (2013)

    Brenzel, Hanna; Eglmaier, Alexander; Wanger, Susanne ; Moczall, Andreas; Kubis, Alexander; Woitschig, Christian;

    Zitatform

    Brenzel, Hanna, Alexander Eglmaier, Alexander Kubis, Andreas Moczall, Susanne Wanger & Christian Woitschig (2013): Neueinstellungen in Teilzeit: Betriebe wie Beschäftigte können profitieren. (IAB-Kurzbericht 19/2013), Nürnberg, 8 S.

    Abstract

    "Teilzeitarbeit ist am deutschen Arbeitsmarkt weit verbreitet - vor allem bei Frauen und im Dienstleistungsbereich. Das wirkt sich auch auf den betrieblichen Stellenbesetzungsprozess aus, der sich für Teilzeitstellen in zentralen Punkten von dem für Vollzeitstellen unterscheidet. Teilzeit stellt eine gute Möglichkeit des (Wieder-)Einstiegs in den Arbeitsmarkt dar, was insbesondere gut qualifizierte Frauen häufig nutzen. Gerade für sie eröffnet sich so die Chance, ihre Arbeitszeit schrittweise zu verlängern. Betriebe können dies durch geeignete familienorientierte Personalstrategien unterstützen. Die vorgestellten Ergebnisse beruhen auf der IAB-Stellenerhebung für Deutschland aus dem Jahr 2012." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Wanger, Susanne ; Moczall, Andreas; Kubis, Alexander;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Karriere in Teilzeit: ein schwieriges Unterfangen mit "Klebeeffekt" (2013)

    Cetnarowksi, Isabella; Breuer, Kathrin; Sliwka, Dirk ;

    Zitatform

    Cetnarowksi, Isabella, Kathrin Breuer & Dirk Sliwka (2013): Karriere in Teilzeit. Ein schwieriges Unterfangen mit "Klebeeffekt". In: Personal quarterly, Jg. 65, H. 3, S. 26-30.

    Abstract

    "Wir wirkt sich Teilzeitarbeit auf die Karriere von Frauen aus? Empirische Analyse mit Daten des Sozioökonomischen Panels. Schon bei einer nur schwach reduzierten vertraglichen Arbeitszeit zeigen sich erhebliche Karrierenachteile für in Teilzeit arbeitende Frauen. Unternehmen sollten die Objektivität von Beförderungswahrscheinlichkeiten hinsichtlich der Behandlung von Teilzeitarbeitnehmerinnen hinterfragen und versuchen, gewünschte Erhöhungen der Arbeitszeit zu erleichtern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Parental leave: a policy evaluation of the Swedish "Daddy-Month" reform (2013)

    Ekberg, John; Eriksson, Rickard; Friebel, Guido;

    Zitatform

    Ekberg, John, Rickard Eriksson & Guido Friebel (2013): Parental leave. A policy evaluation of the Swedish "Daddy-Month" reform. In: Journal of Public Economics, Jg. 97, H. January, S. 131-143. DOI:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2012.09.001

    Abstract

    "Many governments are making attempts to increase fathers' share of parental leave in order to correct for unequal labor market outcomes. Using Swedish data, we ask whether fathers can be encouraged to take more parental leave in order to mitigate the negative consequences of mothers' career interruptions. The unique data stem from a reform of parental leave, resulting in a clean natural experiment. Data comprise all children born before (control group) and after (treatment group) the date of implementation of the reform, in cohorts of up to 27,000 newborns, mothers and fathers. We find strong short-term effects of the incentives on male parental leave, but no behavioral effects in the household. Fathers in the treatment group do not take larger shares of the leave taken for care of sick children, which is our measure for household work. We also investigate a second data set on fathers' and mothers' long-term wages and employment, without finding evidence for substantial effects of the reform." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Part-time work, wages and productivity: evidence from Belgian matched panel data (2013)

    Garnero, Andrea ; Kampelmann, Stephan ; Rycx, François ;

    Zitatform

    Garnero, Andrea, Stephan Kampelmann & François Rycx (2013): Part-time work, wages and productivity. Evidence from Belgian matched panel data. (IZA discussion paper 7789), Bonn, 38 S.

    Abstract

    "The authors use matched employer-employee panel data on Belgian private-sector firms to estimate the relationship between wage/productivity differentials and the firm's labor composition in terms of part-time and sex. Findings suggest that the groups of women and part-timers generate employer rents, but also that the origin of these rents differs (relatively lower wages for women, relatively higher productivity for part-timers). Interactions between gender and part-time suggest that the positive productivity effect is driven by male part-timers working more than 25 hours, whereas the share of female part-timers is associated with wage penalties. The authors conclude that men and women differ with respect to motives for reducing working hours and the types of part-time jobs available to them: women often have to accommodate domestic constraints by downgrading to more flexible jobs, whereas male part-time work is frequently related to training and collectively negotiated hours reductions that do not affect hourly pay." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Trade union support for fathers' use of work-family benefits: lessons from Sweden (2013)

    Haas, Linda; Hwang, Philip C.;

    Zitatform

    Haas, Linda & Philip C. Hwang (2013): Trade union support for fathers' use of work-family benefits. Lessons from Sweden. In: Community, work & family, Jg. 16, H. 1, S. 46-67. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2012.724272

    Abstract

    "Trade unions have traditionally been male-dominated organizations serving men's interests as family breadwinners, primarily through wage-setting. This study explores whether unions will contest the gendered division of parenting to develop values and practices that support men as caregivers. It takes place in Sweden, where unions are strong and fathers have legislated rights to paid parental leave. A mail survey of local unions revealed that the vast majority of unions did not believe it was important to focus attention on men as family caregivers. Only about one-fourth reported activities to improve men's benefit knowledge; only about one-third reported that they helped to implement parental leave at the workplace and only about one-fourth had negotiated contracts that extended leave benefits for fathers. Unions were more active in supporting men as fathers when they prioritized women's equal employment opportunity and when fathers requested union help. Stronger unions were more likely than others to have won enhanced benefits; contracts tended to increase compensation rather than offer more leave time. Swedish unions are in a strong position to promote, help implement and extend work - family benefits for fathers, dissolving the boundary between work and family spheres, but this potential has not yet been realized." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Management und Teilzeitarbeit: Wunsch und Wirklichkeit (2013)

    Hipp, Lena ; Stuth, Stefan ;

    Zitatform

    Hipp, Lena & Stefan Stuth (2013): Management und Teilzeitarbeit. Wunsch und Wirklichkeit. (WZBrief Arbeit 15), Berlin, 6 S.

    Abstract

    "Manager und Managerinnen arbeiten in Europa selten Teilzeit. Auch auf Führungsebene ist Teilzeit 'Frauendomäne'. Teilzeitarbeit im Management wird stark von der Arbeitszeit- und Geschlechterkultur in den Ländern beeinflusst." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Work life balance up in the air: does gender make a difference between female and male international business travels? (2013)

    Kollinger-Santer, Iris; Fischlmayr, Iris C.;

    Zitatform

    Kollinger-Santer, Iris & Iris C. Fischlmayr (2013): Work life balance up in the air. Does gender make a difference between female and male international business travels? In: Zeitschrift für Personalforschung, Jg. 27, H. 3, S. 195-223. DOI:10.1177/239700221302700303

    Abstract

    "Das Managen der Work-Life Balance (WLB) ist für immer mehr Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer als auch Personalabteilungen ein Thema geworden, da ein Ungleichgewicht zwischen Arbeit und 'Nicht-Arbeit' nicht nur Leistung sowie die allgemeine Jobzufriedenheit reduzieren, sondern letztendlich auch zu höheren Fluktuationsraten führen kann. Diese Balance zu halten, ist besonders für internationale Geschäftsreisende eine Herausforderung. Dennoch befindet sich die Forschung zu diesem Thema noch stark in den Kinderschuhen.
    Ziel dieses Artikels und der zugrundeliegenden qualitativen Studie ist es, die WLB dieser Gruppe von Arbeitnehmern sowie potenzielle Unterschiede zwischen weiblichen und männlichen Vielfliegern zu erörtern. Die Resultate zeigen, dass die Einflussfaktoren auf die WLB in Abhängigkeit von der Familiensituation unterschiedlich wahrgenommen werden. Diese Ergebnisse betonen den Bedarf nach Unterstützungsmaßnahmen seitens der Personalabteilungen, welche für die einzelnen Gruppen von internationalen Geschäftsreisenden maßgeschneidert sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Arbeiten und Leben in Europa: Arbeitszeit und Work-Life-Balance aus einer Lebensphasenperspektive (2013)

    Kümmerling, Angelika;

    Zitatform

    Kümmerling, Angelika (2013): Arbeiten und Leben in Europa. Arbeitszeit und Work-Life-Balance aus einer Lebensphasenperspektive. (IAQ-Report 2013-02), Duisburg, 18 S. DOI:10.17185/duepublico/45690

    Abstract

    "- Die Arbeitszeiten von Männern und Frauen unterscheiden sich im EU-Vergleich weiterhin deutlich. Besonders ausgeprägt sind die Unterschiede in den Niederlanden, Großbritannien und Irland, aber auch in Deutschland liegen sie deutlich über dem EU-Durchschnitt.
    - Arbeitszeiten und Beschäftigungsquote von Frauen zeigen einen negativen Zusammenhang. EU-weit gilt: je höher die Beschäftigungsquote von Frauen, desto niedriger die wöchentlichen Arbeitszeiten.
    - Kritischer Faktor für die weibliche Erwerbstätigkeit ist weiterhin Mutterschaft und Kinderbetreuung.
    - Eine deutliche Mehrheit der abhängig Beschäftigten in der EU gibt an, dass berufliche und private Verpflichtungen gut oder sehr gut zusammenpassen. Dabei sind Männer im Durchschnitt unzufriedener mit ihrer Work-Life-Balance als Frauen.
    - Positive Effekte auf die Work-Life-Balance haben sowohl flexible Arbeitszeiten mit Zeitautonomie als auch regelmäßige und vorhersehbare Arbeitszeiten. Negativ auf die Work-Life-Balance wirken sich dagegen atypische Arbeitszeiten sowie das Vorhandensein von Kindern aus." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Balancing work and family: A panel analysis of the impact of part-time work on the experience of time pressure (2013)

    Laurijssen, Ilse; Glorieux, Ignace ;

    Zitatform

    Laurijssen, Ilse & Ignace Glorieux (2013): Balancing work and family: A panel analysis of the impact of part-time work on the experience of time pressure. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 112, H. 1, S. 1-17. DOI:10.1007/s11205-012-0046-4

    Abstract

    "In this article we consider the consequences of work-family reconciliation, in terms of the extent to which the adjustment of the labour market career to family demands (by women) contributes to a better work-life balance. Using the Flemish SONAR-data, we analyse how changes in work and family conditions between the age of 26 and 29 are related to changes in feelings of time pressure among young working women. More specifically, by using cross-lagged models and synchronous effects panel models, we analyse (1) how family and work conditions affect feelings of time pressure, as well as (2) reverse effects which may point to (working career) adjustment strategies of coping with time pressure. Our results show that of all the considered changes in working conditions following family formation (i.e. having children), only the reduction of working hours seems to improve work-family balance (i.e. reduces the experience of time pressure). Part-time work is both a response to high time pressure, and effectively lowers time pressure. The effect of part-time work is not affected by concomitant changes in the type of paid work, rather, work characteristics that increase time pressure increase the probability of reconciling work with family life by reducing the number of work hours." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Long working hours and the corporate gender divide in Japan (2013)

    Nemoto, Kumiko;

    Zitatform

    Nemoto, Kumiko (2013): Long working hours and the corporate gender divide in Japan. In: Gender, Work and Organization, Jg. 20, H. 5, S. 512-527. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0432.2012.00599.x

    Abstract

    "While the workplace custom of working long hours has been known to exacerbate gender inequality, few have investigated the organizational mechanisms by which long working hours translate into and reinforce the power and status differences between men and women in the workplace. Drawing on 64 in-depth interviews with workers at financial and cosmetics companies in Japan, this article examines three circumstances in which a culture of long working hours is disadvantageous for women workers, and the consequences of those circumstances: (a) managers in Japanese firms, reinforcing gender stereotypes, prioritize work over personal and family lives; (b) non - career-track women experience depressed aspirations in relation to long working hours and young women express a wish to opt out due to the incompatibility of work with family life; and (c) workers who are mothers deal with extra unpaid family work, stress such as guilt from leaving work early, salary reduction and concerns over their limited chances for promotion. The article argues that the norm of working long hours not only exacerbates the structural inequality of gender but also shapes employed women's career paths into the dichotomized patterns of either emulating workplace masculinity or opting out." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Work hours and well being: an investigation of moderator effects (2013)

    Pereira, Maria C.; Coelho, Filipe;

    Zitatform

    Pereira, Maria C. & Filipe Coelho (2013): Work hours and well being. An investigation of moderator effects. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 111, H. 1, S. 235-253. DOI:10.1007/s11205-012-0002-3

    Abstract

    "The relationship between work hours and subjective well being is marked by contradictory findings, thereby implying that it is far from being completely understood. A study of moderator effects can help explain variations in results across studies and, thus, overcome inconsistencies in past research. Accordingly, the current study aims to enlighten the relationship between work hours and well being by investigating how a number of variables moderate this relationship. To develop the research hypotheses concerning the moderator effects, this study relies mostly on social identity theory. Overall, the results suggest that work hours, per se, do not have a significant relationship with individual well being. Rather, their effects seem to depend on a number of issues, namely concerned with individuals' objective characteristics, as well as their social identities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Conflict between work and family: An investigation of four policy measures (2013)

    Ruppanner, Leah ;

    Zitatform

    Ruppanner, Leah (2013): Conflict between work and family: An investigation of four policy measures. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 110, H. 1, S. 327-347. DOI:10.1007/s11205-011-9929-z

    Abstract

    "Welfare states enact a range of policies aimed at reducing work-family conflict. While welfare state policies have been assessed at the macro-level and work-family conflict at the individual-level, few studies have simultaneously addressed these relationships in a cross-national multi-level model. This study addresses this void by assessing the relationship between work-family and family-work conflict and family-friendly policies in 10 countries. Applying a unique multi-level data set that couples country-level policy data with individual-level data (N=7,895) from the 2002 International Social Survey Programme, the author analyzes the relationship between work-family and family-work conflict and four specific policy measures: family leave, work scheduling, school scheduling, and early childhood education and care. The results demonstrate that mothers and fathers report less family-work and mothers less work-family conflict in countries with more expansive family leave policies. Also, in countries with longer school schedules mothers report less and women without children more work-family conflict." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Mothers and work-life balance: exploring the contradictions and complexities involved in work-family negotiation (2013)

    Wattis, Louise; Standing, Kay; Yerkes, Mara A. ;

    Zitatform

    Wattis, Louise, Kay Standing & Mara A. Yerkes (2013): Mothers and work-life balance. Exploring the contradictions and complexities involved in work-family negotiation. In: Community, work & family, Jg. 16, H. 1, S. 1-19. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2012.722008

    Abstract

    "This article presents data from a project exploring women's experiences of work and care. It focuses primarily on work-life balance as a problematic concept. Social and economic transformations across advanced post-industrial economies have resulted in concerns about how individuals manage their lives across the two spheres of work and family and achieve a work-life balance. Governments across the European Union have introduced various measures to address how families effectively combine care with paid work. Research within this area has tended to focus on work-life balance as an objective concept, which implies a static and fixed state fulfilled by particular criteria and measured quantitatively. Qualitative research on women's experiences reveals work-life balance as a fluctuating and intangible process. This article highlights the subjective and variable nature of work-life balance and questions taken-for-granted assumptions, exploring problems of definition and the differential coping strategies which women employ when negotiating the boundaries between work and family." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Grundauswertung der BIBB/BAuA-Erwerbstätigenbefragung 2012: Männer/Frauen in Vollzeit (2013)

    Wittig, Peter; Nöllenheidt, Christoph; Brenscheidt, Simone;

    Zitatform

    Wittig, Peter, Christoph Nöllenheidt & Simone Brenscheidt (2013): Grundauswertung der BIBB/BAuA-Erwerbstätigenbefragung 2012. Männer/Frauen in Vollzeit. Dortmund, 61 S.

    Abstract

    "Die vom Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung (BIBB) in Kooperation mit der Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA) durchgeführte BIBB/BAuA-Erwerbstätigenbefragung 2012 ist die sechste Welle der seit 1978 in regelmäßigen Abständen durchgeführten Erwerbstätigenbefragungen (bis zur vierten Welle in Kooperation mit dem Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung als BIBB/IAB). Ziel dieser Befragungen ist die Beschreibung der sich kontinuierlich verändernden Arbeitswelt. Dabei stehen Fragen zum Arbeitsplatz (Tätigkeitsschwerpunkte, Anforderungsniveau, Kenntnisanforderungen, Arbeitsanforderungen, Weiterbildungsbedarf, Arbeitsbedingungen, Arbeitsbelastungen usw.) und Fragen zu Beanspruchung und gesundheitlichen Beschwerden im Fokus der Befragung. Die BAuA ist seit der Befragungswelle 1999 als Projektpartner involviert und gestaltet insbesondere die arbeitsbelastungs- und -beanspruchungsorientierten Fragenteile, sowie Fragen zu gesundheitlichen Beschwerden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Working time preferences, hours mismatch and well-being of couples: are there spillovers? (2013)

    Wunder, Christoph; Heineck, Guido ;

    Zitatform

    Wunder, Christoph & Guido Heineck (2013): Working time preferences, hours mismatch and well-being of couples. Are there spillovers? In: Labour economics, Jg. 24, H. October, S. 244-252. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2013.09.002

    Abstract

    "Working time arrangements determine, to a large extent, the successful balancing of work and family life. This study investigates the role of working time preferences and hours mismatch for well-being among couples. The empirical evidence indicates that well-being is generally lower among those with working time mismatch. Particularly underemployment is detrimental for well-being. We further provide first evidence on spillovers from the partner's working time mismatch that are, however, no longer significant once we control for the partner's well-being. This suggests that well-being is contagious, and that the spillover is due to caring preferences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Who's got the balance? A study of satisfaction with the work-family balance among part-time service sector employees in five western European countries (2012)

    Beham, Barbara; Präg, Patrick ; Drobnic, Sonja;

    Zitatform

    Beham, Barbara, Patrick Präg & Sonja Drobnic (2012): Who's got the balance? A study of satisfaction with the work-family balance among part-time service sector employees in five western European countries. In: The international journal of human resource management, Jg. 23, H. 18, S. 3725-3741. DOI:10.1080/09585192.2012.654808

    Abstract

    "Working part-time is frequently considered a viable strategy for employees to better combine work and non-work responsibilities. The present study examines differences in satisfaction with work-family balance (SWFB) among professional and non-professional part-time service sector employees in five western European countries. Part-time employees were found to be more SWFB than full-time employees even after taking varying demands and resources into account. However, there are important differences among the part-timers. Employees in marginal part-time employment with considerably reduced working hours were the most satisfied. Professionals were found to profit less from reduced working hours and experienced lower levels of SWFB than non-professionals. No significant differences in SWFB were found between male and female part-time workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf bei Hochschulabsolvent(inn)en (2012)

    Brandt, Gesche ;

    Zitatform

    Brandt, Gesche (2012): Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf bei Hochschulabsolvent(inn)en. (Forum Hochschule 2012,08), 106 S.

    Abstract

    "Ziel der Studie war es, die Muster familiär begründeter Berufsausstiege und Wiedereinstiege von Hochschulabsolvent(inn)en und die sich daraus ergebenden Auswirkungen für die weitere Karriereentwicklung besser zu verstehen. In der bisherigen Forschung über Karrierewege von Frauen wurden Akademikerinnen als eine besondere Gruppe identifiziert. Ihnen gelingt es im Vergleich zu anderen Frauen aufgrund ihrer hohen Qualifikation nach einer Elternschaft besser, wieder in den Beruf zurückzukehren. Mit der Rückkehr von Müttern ins Erwerbsleben können finanzielle Einbußen entstehen, z. B. durch Zusatzkosten für Kinderbetreuung oder durch den Wegfall geldwerter Leistungen der Sozial- und Steuersysteme. Aufgrund vergleichsweise hoher Einkommen hochqualifizierter Mütter, können diese Einbußen bei der Rückkehr in Erwerbstätigkeit in der Regel kompensiert werden. Zugleich tragen Frauen mit hoher Qualifikation, wenn sie Kinder bekommen, ein großes Risiko, ihre allgemein guten Karrierechancen einzubüßen, sodass viele sich entweder gegen oder erst sehr spät für diesen Schritt entscheiden und nach einer Familiengründung meistens schnell wieder ins Erwerbsleben zurückkehren." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The motherhood penalty in cross-national perspective: the importance of work-family policies and cultural attitudes (2012)

    Budig, Michelle J. ; Misra, Joya; Boeckmann, Irene;

    Zitatform

    Budig, Michelle J., Joya Misra & Irene Boeckmann (2012): The motherhood penalty in cross-national perspective. The importance of work-family policies and cultural attitudes. In: Social Politics, Jg. 19, H. 2, S. 163-193. DOI:10.1093/sp/jxs006

    Abstract

    "Mothers' employment and earnings partly depend on social policies and cultural norms supporting women's paid and unpaid work. Previous research suggests that work-family policies are deeply shaped by their cultural context. We examine country variation in the associations between motherhood and earnings, in cultural attitudes surrounding women's employment, and in childcare and parental leave policies. We model how cultural attitudes moderate the impact of policies on women's earnings across countries. Parental leaves and public childcare are associated with higher earnings for mothers when cultural support for maternal employment is high, but have less positive or even negative relationships with earnings where cultural attitudes support the male breadwinner/female caregiver model." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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