Arbeitszeit: Verlängern? Verkürzen? Flexibilisieren?
Verkürzung, Verlängerung oder Flexibilisierung der Arbeitszeit stehen immer wieder im Zentrum der Debatten. Was wünschen sich Unternehmen und Beschäftigte? Wie kann Arbeitszeitpolitik die Schaffung neuer Arbeitsplätze und die Sicherung vorhandener Arbeitsplätze unterstützen?
Dieses Themendossier bietet Publikationen zur Entwicklung der Arbeitszeiten in Deutschland auch im internationalen Vergleich, zur betrieblichen Gestaltung der Arbeitszeit und zu den Arbeitszeitwünschen der Beschäftigten.
Publikationen zur kontroversen Debatte um die Einführung der Vier-Tage-Woche finden Sie in unserem Themendossier Vier-Tage-Woche – Arbeitszeitmodell der Zukunft?
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Arbeitszeitpolitik
- Arbeitszeitentwicklung
- Arbeitszeit aus Sicht der Beschäftigten
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Arbeitszeitgestaltung
- gleitende Arbeitszeit
- Vertrauensarbeitszeit
- Arbeitszeitkonten
- Schichtmodelle, Wochenendarbeit
- Langzeiturlaub, Blockfreizeit
- Arbeit auf Abruf, KAPOVAZ
- Bereitschaftsdienst
- Job Sharing, Teilzeit, Altersteilzeit
- Telearbeit
- Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Kinderbetreuung, Elternzeit
- Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Pflege
- Alter
- Geschlecht
- geografischer Bezug
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Literaturhinweis
Age-Aware Organizations and the Relationship Between Shift Work and Psychological Well-being Across the Lifespan (2024)
Zitatform
Piszczek, Matthew M., Joseph M. Yestrepsky & Gregory R. Trasher (2024): Age-Aware Organizations and the Relationship Between Shift Work and Psychological Well-being Across the Lifespan. In: Work, Aging and Retirement, Jg. 10, H. 3, S. 199-212. DOI:10.1093/workar/waad014
Abstract
"As the global workforce ages, it has become more important to understand how seemingly age-neutral HR practices can create unintended age-specific effects. For example, shift work - nominally an age-neutral HR practice - has been shown to have stronger negative effects on older workers’ physical and mental health. Although these effects are well established, how organizations can mitigate the age-specific effects of scheduling practices represents an important gap in the aging workforce literature. More specifically, the role of the organization in setting human resource practices and policies that are sensitive to older workers likely determines the strength of the age-specific effects of shift work on psychological well-being. Using mixed effects analyses in a large dataset of German employees and employers, we integrate lifespan psychology and HR strategy research to examine the relationship between shift work and psychological well-being across working lives. We then examine how the implementation of organizational age structure analysis may buffer this relationship. Results largely support the benefits of an active, “age-aware” approach to managing the aging workforce as psychological well-being increased with age among all workers except shift workers in establishments that did not conduct an age structure analysis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
When reality falls short of preferences: a response surface analysis of working time arrangements and older employees' work ability expectations (2024)
Zitatform
Wöhrmann, Anne Marit, Corinna Brauner-Sommer & Alexandra Michel (2024): When reality falls short of preferences: a response surface analysis of working time arrangements and older employees' work ability expectations. In: Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Jg. 78, H. 1, S. 41-53. DOI:10.1007/s41449-023-00410-5
Abstract
"In Zeiten von Arbeitskräftemangel und steigendem Alter für die Regelaltersrente wird es immer wichtiger, die Arbeitsfähigkeit älterer Beschäftigter zu erhalten. In dieser Studie gehen wir basierend auf der Person-Environment-Fit-Theorie davon aus, dass eine Arbeitszeitgestaltung, die nicht den individuellen Präferenzen älterer Beschäftigter entspricht, in negativem Zusammenhang mit der erwarteten Arbeitsfähigkeit steht. Dazu operationalisieren wir erwartete Arbeitsfähigkeit als das Alter bis zu dem man sich körperlich und geistig in der Lage fühlt in der aktuellen Tätigkeit weiterzuarbeiten. Wir nutzen eine Teilstichprobe von 4347 Beschäftigten im Alter von 50 bis 65 Jahren der BAuA-Arbeitszeitbefragung 2017. Ergebnisse polynomialer Regressionsanalysen und Response Surface Analysen zeigen, dass die erwartete Arbeitsfähigkeit geringer ist, wenn a) die tatsächliche Arbeitszeit die Wunscharbeitszeit übersteigt, und b) die Möglichkeit, den täglichen Beginn und das Ende des Arbeitstages zu bestimmen und c) die Möglichkeit, Arbeit und Privatleben zu trennen, hinter den jeweiligen Präferenzen der Beschäftigten zurückbleiben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Lebensarbeitszeit im internationalen Vergleich: Die Bedeutung der Silver Worker für die Fachkräftesicherung (2023)
Zitatform
Enste, Dominik H., Martin Werding & Julia Hensen (2023): Lebensarbeitszeit im internationalen Vergleich. Die Bedeutung der Silver Worker für die Fachkräftesicherung. (Studie / Roman Herzog Institut 38), München, 39 S.
Abstract
"Viele Menschen würden gern weniger arbeiten und früher in Rente gehen. Allerdings passt dieser persönliche Wunsch nicht zur alternden Gesellschaft in Deutschland. Um den Mangel an Fach- und Arbeitskräften abzuschwächen und die Finanzierung der gesetzlichen Altersvorsorge zu stabilisieren, müsste die Lebensarbeitszeit vielmehr steigen. Wie dies gehen kann, welche Potenziale in den sogenannten Silver Workern – den 65- bis 69-Jährigen – liegen und wie Deutschland im internationalen Vergleich dasteht, damit beschäftigen sich Dominik H. Enste, Martin Werding und Julia Hensen in dieser RHI-Studie. Als empirische Basis dazu vergleichen die Autor*innen die Lebensarbeitszeit in Deutschland mit der in anderen OECD-Staaten. Sie zeigen – auch anhand von Best-Practice-Beispielen aus anderen Ländern –, wie sich Potenziale heben und das Arbeitsvolumen steigern ließen. Zudem plädieren sie dafür, die Erwerbsphase zu verlängern, indem das gesetzliche Renteneintrittsalter automatisch an die höhere Lebenserwartung wird." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The association between shift work exposure and the variations in age at natural menopause among adult Canadian workers: results from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) (2022)
Zitatform
Khan, Durdana, Michael Rotondi, Heather Edgell & Hala Tamim (2022): The association between shift work exposure and the variations in age at natural menopause among adult Canadian workers: results from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). In: Menopause, Jg. 29, H. 7, S. 795-804. DOI:10.1097/gme.0000000000001981
Abstract
"Objective: A wide range of negative health outcomes have been associated with shift work (SW) particularly night and rotating SW. However, little is known about effects of SW exposure on reproductive health outcomes. The objective of our study is to prospectively investigate the association between SW exposure and the variations in age at natural menopause among adult Canadian workers. Methods: Secondary data analyses were performed using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging database. Premenopausal women (N = 3,688) at baseline were followed prospectively for 3 years. Three derived variables were used to measure SW primary exposure: 1) ever exposed to SW, 2) SW exposure in current job, and 3) SW exposure in the longest job. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to evaluate risk of variations in age at natural menopause after adjusting for potential confounders. Result: One out of five women (20%) reported to be ever exposed to SW during their jobs. Overall, women who were ever exposed to SW were significantly associated with a delayed onset of menopause compared with daytime workers (hazard ratios [HR] = 0.77, 95% CI, 0.61-0.98). Particularly, when compared with daytime workers, rotating shift worker in the current and longest job were significantly related to delayed onset of menopause (HR = 0.64, 95% CI, 0.46-0.89 and HR = 0.65, 95% CI, 0.49-0.86), respectively. Conclusion: Our results suggest a relationship between rotating shift and delayed onset of menopause. We speculate that disruptive circadian stimuli may play a role in menopausal onset and this warrants further investigation. Video Summary: http://links.lww.com/MENO/A940." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Trajectories of Worktime Control From Midlife to Retirement and Working Beyond Retirement Age (2022)
Virtanen, Marianna ; Kauppi, Maarit ; Vahtera, Jussi ; Myllyntausta, Saana ; Prakash, K. C.; Stenholm, Sari ; Ervasti, Jenni ; Kivimäki, Mika ; Pentti, Jaana;Zitatform
Virtanen, Marianna, Saana Myllyntausta, Maarit Kauppi, Mika Kivimäki, Jaana Pentti, Jenni Ervasti, K. C. Prakash, Jussi Vahtera & Sari Stenholm (2022): Trajectories of Worktime Control From Midlife to Retirement and Working Beyond Retirement Age. In: Work, Aging and Retirement, Jg. 8, H. 3, S. 273-281. DOI:10.1093/workar/waab023
Abstract
"The extent to which long-term individual-oriented flexibility in working hours is associated with working beyond retirement age is not known. The aims of the present study were to identify trajectories of worktime control (WTC) and to examine whether the membership of WTC trajectories was associated with working beyond individual’s pensionable age. A total of 1,953 older employees participated in the study and had data up to 16 years before pensionable age. Group-based latent trajectory modeling was used to identify WTC trajectories and Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine the associations of WTC trajectories with duration of employment. Seven trajectories described WTC: “Stable very low” (7%), “Stable low” (21%), “Declined” (12%), “Stable mid-low” (28%), “Improved” (10%), “Stable high” (16%), and “Stable very high” (5%). When compared with the lowest WTC trajectory groups, trajectories of “Stable high/very high” (hazard ratio [HR] 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17–1.54) and “Improved” WTC (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.25–1.78) were associated with longer duration of employment. Although the memberships of the “Stable high/very high” and “Improved” WTC trajectories correlated with gender, marital status, occupational position, and self-rated health, the association between WTC and duration of employment was not fully confounded or mediated by these factors. These findings support the hypothesis that having improved or constantly high control over working times from midlife to retirement age may prolong working lives at retirement age." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Live longer, retire later? Developments of healthy life expectancies and working life expectancies between age 50–59 and age 60–69 in Europe (2022)
Zitatform
Weber, Daniela & Elke Loichinger (2022): Live longer, retire later? Developments of healthy life expectancies and working life expectancies between age 50–59 and age 60–69 in Europe. In: European Journal of Ageing, Jg. 19, H. 1, S. 75-93. DOI:10.1007/s10433-020-00592-5
Abstract
"Europe's population is ageing. Statutory retirement ages are commonly raised to account for continuous increases in life expectancy. In order to estimate the potential to increase statutory and consequently effective retirement ages further, in this study, we investigate the relationship between partial working life expectancy (WLE) and three health expectancies that represent health aspects important for work ability and employability between ages 50 and 59 as well as 60 and 69 for women and men in Europe. We also explore the association between these four indicators and the highest level of educational attainment. We apply Sullivan's method to estimate WLE and three selected measures that capture general, physical, and cognitive health status of older adults for 26 European countries since 2004. Over time, WLEs increased significantly in the younger age group for women and in the older age group for both sexes. The expected number of years in good physical health have continuously been higher than any of the other three indicators, while the expected number of years in good cognitive health have shown a noticeable increase over time. The investigation of the relationship between education and each life expectancy confirms the well-established positive correlation between education and economic activity as well as good health. Our results indicate potential to extend working lives beyond current levels. However, significant differences in the expected number of years in good health between persons with different levels of education require policies that account for this heterogeneity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Organisational Capability for Delayed Retirement (2022)
Zitatform
Wikström, Ewa, Karin Allard, Rebecka Arman, Roy Liff, Daniel Seldén & Roland Kadefors (2022): Organisational Capability for Delayed Retirement. In: H. F. Erhag, U. L. Nilsson, T. R. Sterner & I. Skoog (Hrsg.) (2022): ¬A¬ Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing, S. 221-232. DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-78063-0_16
Abstract
"Throughout the industrialised world, societies are ageing. These demographic changes have created a political and societal focus on an extended working life. Unfortunately, there is a lack of systematic knowledge about how such changes can be successfully implemented within organisations. In this chapter, we discuss this lacuna and specifically focus on organisational capability. We highlight workplace conditions and practices that may inhibit or promote the retention of workers beyond the previous norm for retirement. The novelty of an organisational capability approach is that it highlights workplace conditions that enable older people to use their abilities to perform acts of value and to achieve a better quality of life and greater participation in society. Workplace resources, capabilities and functions form a dynamic pattern. Factors that influence the work abilities of older workers are related in complex interactions and not merely in the format of simple cause and effect. When looking at retirement from the perspective of older workers, we have focused on aspects such as the individual’s ability to control the retirement process. Central to Sen’s idea is that individuals have different conversion factors, which means that, even though two individuals may have access to the same resources, they do not necessarily have the capability to enjoy the same functions. For example, the probability that an older person will remain employed will partially depend on his or her health, human capital and type of job. But two seemingly similar individuals can nevertheless have very different chances of remaining employed because their employer has implemented very different age management policies, or simply because they have different attitudes towards older workers. Since organisational capability makes it possible to focus on the interaction between the individual’s resources and preferences and the opportunity structure existing at the workplace (meso level) and embodied in the retirement system (macro level), much of the discussion and many of the policies and practices concerning older people can be related to the concept of capabilities." (Author's abstract, © Springer) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The extension of late working life in Germany: trends, inequalities, and the East-West divide (2021)
Zitatform
Dudel, Christian, Elke Loichinger, Sebastian Klüsener, Harun Sulak & Mikko Myrskylä (2021): The extension of late working life in Germany: trends, inequalities, and the East-West divide. (MPIDR working paper / Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research 2021-018), Rostock, 33 S. DOI:10.4054/MPIDR-WP-2021-018
Abstract
"The extension of late working life has been proposed as a potential remedy for the challenges of aging societies. For Germany, surprisingly little is known about trends and social inequalities in the length of late working life. Here, we use data from the German Microcensus to estimate working life expectancy from age 55 onwards for the 1941-1955 birth cohorts. We adjust our calculations of working life expectancy for working hours, and present results for western and eastern Germany by gender, education, and occupation. While working life expectancy has increased across cohorts, we find strong regional and socioeconomic disparities. Decomposition analyses show that among males, socioeconomic differences are predominantly driven by variation in employment rates; whereas among women, variation in working hours is also highly relevant. Older eastern German women have longer working lives than older western German women, which is likely attributable to the GDR legacy of high female employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Work-life imbalance in extended working lives: domestic divisions of labour and partners' perceptions of job pressures of non-retiring older workers (2019)
Zitatform
Cebulla, Andreas, Nathan Hudson-Sharp, Lucy Stokes & David Wilkinson (2019): Work-life imbalance in extended working lives. Domestic divisions of labour and partners' perceptions of job pressures of non-retiring older workers. In: Sozialer Fortschritt, Jg. 68, H. 4, S. 289-311. DOI:10.3790/sfo.68.4.289
Abstract
"Die Verlängerung des Arbeitslebens verschiebt auch die bestehende Arbeitszeit- oder das Familienleben zu späteren Zeitpunkten im Leben. Die Analyse der Daten des European Social Survey zeigt, dass sich die ungleiche Arbeitsteilung in Haushalten mit Arbeitnehmern, die über das Renteneintrittsalter hinaus beschäftigt sind, ausweitet. Wir untersuchen, wie Partner den Arbeitsdruck älterer Arbeitnehmer, die kurz vor oder nach Erreichen des typischen Renteneintrittsalter stehen, wahrnehmen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Besorgnis der Partner älterer Beschäftigter über die Verantwortung und den Druck nicht unmittelbar mit einer ungleichen Verteilung von Hausarbeit verbunden ist, sondern mit dem Ausmaß, in dem die Arbeitenden ihren Arbeitstag selbst organisieren können und insbesondere auch mit der Müdigkeit nach der Arbeit. In dem Papier wird argumentiert, dass diese Bedenken zur Kenntnis genommen werden sollten, insoweit sie auf ein Risiko von Stress innerhalb der Beziehung hindeuten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
New modes, new challenges? The influence of extended working lives on the late employment phase in Germany (2019)
Zitatform
Fechter, Charlotte (2019): New modes, new challenges? The influence of extended working lives on the late employment phase in Germany. In: Sozialer Fortschritt, Jg. 68, H. 4, S. 313-338. DOI:10.3790/sfo.68.4.313
Abstract
"Alterssicherungspolitik der letzten Dekade fokussierte im Rahmen von Active Ageing Maßnahmen vor allem die Verlängerung von Erwerbsleben und die Verminderung der Anreize für Frühverrentungsoptionen. Forschung im Bereich der Alterssicherung zeigt, dass spätere Renteneintritte durch verlängerte Erwerbsarbeitszeit sichtbar sind. Der vorliegende Aufsatz reflektiert die strukturellen Bedingungen in der Organisation von Arbeit in der späten Erwerbsphase. Unter Anwendung von Regressionsmodellen mit fixen Effekten werden die SOEP v33 Daten genutzt, um absolute Veränderungen in Arbeitsstunden auf Individualebene zu messen. In Übereinstimmung mit den theoretischen Vorüberlegungen zeigt sich, dass sich Arbeitsstunden in der späten Erwerbsphase auf Individualebene reduziert haben. Die späte Erwerbsphase wird zunehmend über flexible Arbeitszeitmodelle organisiert. Darüber hinaus zeigen sich Unterschiede zwischen den Geschlechtern. Zwar steigt die Erwerbsquote älterer Frauen deutlich, jedoch ist die weibliche Arbeitsmarktbeteiligung in einem höheren Maß an flexible Arbeitsformen gebunden. Aus den Ergebnissen wird auf einen sich verändernden institutionellen Kontext des deutschen konservativen Wohlfahrtsstaats geschlossen, die auf ein höheres Maß an Individualisierung als sozialpolitischen Ausgleichsmechanismus hindeuten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
In debt and approaching retirement: claim social security or work longer? (2018)
Zitatform
Butrica, Barbara A. & Nadia S. Karamcheva (2018): In debt and approaching retirement. Claim social security or work longer? In: AEA papers and proceedings, Jg. 108, S. 401-406. DOI:10.1257/pandp.20181116
Abstract
"Over the past couple of decades, older Americans have become considerably more leveraged. This paper considers whether household debt affects the timing of retirement and Social Security benefit claiming. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we find that older adults with debt are more likely to work and less likely to receive Social Security benefits than those who are debt-free. Indebted adults are also more likely to delay fully retiring from the labor force and claiming their benefits. Among the sources of debt, mortgages have a stronger impact on older adults' behavior than do other sources of debt." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Live longer, work longer: the changing nature of the labour market for older workers in OECD countries (2018)
Martin, John P.;Zitatform
Martin, John P. (2018): Live longer, work longer. The changing nature of the labour market for older workers in OECD countries. (IZA discussion paper 11510), Bonn, 29 S.
Abstract
"Population ageing poses stark dilemmas for labour markets, social protection systems and cultural norms. It will put strong downward pressure on labour supply, leading to falling real incomes and huge financial pressures on social protection systems unless there is an offsetting increase in employment rates. This is especially true for older workers whose employment rates are well below those of prime-age adults. In this paper, I examine how the labour market for older workers has evolved in OECD countries since 1990, what are the main forces at work, what are the main obstacles to working longer and how might public policies help overcome them. I also speculate about the future for older workers faced with the challenges and opportunities posed by the gig economy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Langlebigkeit und Erwerbsverlauf: Perspektiven für eine gemeinsame europäische Alterssicherungspolitik (2018)
Schulz-Weidner, Wolfgang;Zitatform
Schulz-Weidner, Wolfgang (2018): Langlebigkeit und Erwerbsverlauf. Perspektiven für eine gemeinsame europäische Alterssicherungspolitik. In: E. M. Hohnerlein, S. Hennion & O. Kaufmann (Hrsg.) (2018): Erwerbsverlauf und sozialer Schutz in Europa, S. 65-83. DOI:10.1007/978-3-662-56033-4_7
Abstract
"Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Frage, wie die verantwortlichen Sozialversicherungsträger die demografischen Herausforderungen der Sozial- und vor allem der Rentensysteme im europäischen Kontext wahrnehmen und wie sie darauf reagieren. Obwohl die Träger der deutschen Sozialversicherung mit ihren ausländischen Partnern intensiv im europäischen Dachverband 'European Social Insurance Platform' (ESIP) zusammenarbeiten, erscheint es angesichts der nationalen 'Sonderwege' immer wieder schwierig, zu einem gemeinsamen Verständnis zu gelangen. Dennoch gibt es Beispiele, dass internationale Zusammenarbeit sich lohnt, nicht zuletzt um der manchmal 'dominant' erscheinenden Brüsseler Wirtschafts-, Handels- und Fiskalpolitik sozialpolitische Prämissen entgegenzusetzen." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Old-age employment and hours of work trends: empirical analysis for four European countries (2016)
Zitatform
Aliaj, Arjeta, Xavier Flawinne, Alain Jousten, Sergio Perelman & Lin Shi (2016): Old-age employment and hours of work trends. Empirical analysis for four European countries. In: IZA journal of European Labor Studies, Jg. 5, S. 1-22. DOI:10.1186/s40174-016-0066-1
Abstract
"For the last two decades, the increase of employment among individuals aged 50+ has been a policy objective on the European employment agenda. The present paper focuses on the case of Belgium, France, Germany, and The Netherlands over the period 1997-2011. First, we provide descriptive analysis of older workers' employment using data from the European Union Labour Force Survey. Second, we use econometric techniques to explain the different employment and hours of work patterns for various sub-groups of older workers over time. We find evidence of catching up of older generation's employment rates - with no rupture at the financial crisis in 2007. Third, we use micro-simulation techniques to decompose the effects of structural changes, as well as extensive and intensive labor supply changes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Schichtarbeit bei Männern und Frauen an der Schwelle zum höheren Erwerbsalter - Arbeitsumstände und Gesundheitszustand (2016)
Zitatform
Leser, Carina, Anita Tisch & Silke Tophoven (2016): Schichtarbeit bei Männern und Frauen an der Schwelle zum höheren Erwerbsalter - Arbeitsumstände und Gesundheitszustand. In: Das Gesundheitswesen, Jg. 78, H. 11, S. 765-771., 2014-12-02. DOI:10.1055/s-0034-1396850
Abstract
"Die Zahl älterer Erwerbspersonen in Schicht- und Nachtarbeit hat in den vergangenen Jahren deutlich zugenommen. Gleichzeitig ist der Anteil von Frauen unter den Schichtarbeitenden stark angestiegen. Dies ist auf die älter werdende Erwerbsbevölkerung sowie die Ausweitung der Schichtarbeit im tertiären Bereich zurückzuführen. Die bisherige Forschung zeigt, dass Schichtarbeit häufig mit gesundheitlichen Belastungen einhergeht. Vor diesem Hintergrund zielt die Studie darauf ab, die Situation erwerbstätiger Männer und Frauen an der Schwelle zum höheren Erwerbsalter in Hinblick auf den Zusammenhang zwischen Schichtarbeit und physischer Gesundheit näher zu betrachten.
Auf Basis von Daten der Kohortenstudie 'lidA - leben in der Arbeit' werden lineare Regressionsmodelle geschätzt. Hierbei wird der Einfluss von Schichtarbeit - mit und ohne Nachtarbeit - und weiteren Arbeitsexpositionen unter Kontrolle von Schlafstörungen und dem gesundheitsrelevanten Verhalten, auf die körperliche Gesundheit der Babyboomerjahrgänge 1959 und 1965 ermittelt (n=5?637). Die Modelle werden stratifiziert nach Geschlecht sowie für Frauen außerdem nach dem Erwerbstätigkeitsumfang.
Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass Schichtarbeiter vor allem durch ihre Arbeiterstellung und durch physische Expositionen belastet sind; Schichtarbeiterinnen zusätzlich durch hohe Verausgabung und geringe Belohnung. Arbeiten sie in Teilzeit, zudem durch übersteigerte berufliche Verausgabungsbereitschaft.
Die Arbeitsbedingungen der Schichtarbeit sind stärker von Belastungen geprägt als Tätigkeiten mit Normalarbeitszeiten. Zum Erhalt der Arbeitsfähigkeit älter werdender, schichtarbeitender Männer und Frauen sind weitere spezifische Arbeitsschutz- und Kompensationsmaßnahmen, wie auch eine sensible Personalführung unabdingbar. Arbeitsschutzmaßnahmen sollten dabei vermehrt auch die psychosozialen Arbeitsbedingungen berücksichtigen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku) -
Literaturhinweis
Arbeitszeitreport Deutschland 2016 (2016)
Wöhrmann, Anne Marit ; Gerstenberg, Susanne; Reeske-Behrens, Anna; Beermann, Beate; Hünefeld, Lena ; Pundt, Franziska; Brenscheidt, Frank;Zitatform
Wöhrmann, Anne Marit, Susanne Gerstenberg, Lena Hünefeld, Franziska Pundt, Anna Reeske-Behrens, Frank Brenscheidt & Beate Beermann (2016): Arbeitszeitreport Deutschland 2016. (baua: Bericht), Dortmund, 187 S. DOI:10.21934/baua:bericht20160729
Abstract
"Die Arbeitszeit ist ein zentraler Bestandteil des Arbeitslebens mit direkten Auswirkungen auf unser Privatleben. Die Gestaltung der Arbeitszeit bestimmt zu großen Teilen, welche Zeit zur Erholung und für private Verpflichtungen zur Verfügung steht. Aufgrund der sich verändernden Anforderungen in der Arbeitswelt steht die Regulation und Gestaltung der Arbeitszeit im Mittelpunkt politischer, wirtschaftlicher und gesellschaftlicher Diskussionen in Deutschland.
Die Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA), eine Ressortforschungseinrichtung des Bundesministeriums für Arbeit und Soziales, möchte mit dem vorliegenden Arbeitszeitreport einen Beitrag zur aktuellen Debatte liefern. Datenbasis für den Report ist die BAuA-Arbeitszeitbefragung 2015, in der etwa 20 000 Erwerbstätige in Deutschland, die mindestens 10 Stunden pro Woche in ihrer Haupterwerbstätigkeit arbeiten, zu Arbeitszeit und Arbeitsbedingungen interviewt wurden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku) -
Literaturhinweis
Working time reductions at the end of the career: do they prolong the time spent in employment? (2015)
Zitatform
Albanese, Andrea, Bart Cockx & Yannick Thuy (2015): Working time reductions at the end of the career. Do they prolong the time spent in employment? (IZA discussion paper 9619), Bonn, 51 S.
Abstract
"In this paper we study the effects on the survival rate in employment of a scheme that facilitates gradual retirement through working time reductions. We use information on the entire labour market career and other observables to control for selection and take dynamic treatment assignment into account. We also estimate a competing risks model considering different (possibly selective) pathways to early retirement. We find that participation in the scheme initially prolongs employment, as participants keep accumulating full pension rights. However, as participants become eligible for early retirement subsequently, these larger financial incentives induce them to leave the labour force prematurely. These adverse incentives are stronger for individuals who reduce their working time most. After two (four) years for men (women), the positive effects reverse. The more favourable effect for women is likely a consequence of their lower opportunities to enter early retirement. The gradual retirement scheme fails the cost-benefit test." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of hours flexibility on career employment, bridge jobs, and the timing of retirement (2014)
Zitatform
Cahill, Kevin E., Michael D. Giandrea & Joseph F. Quinn (2014): The impact of hours flexibility on career employment, bridge jobs, and the timing of retirement. (BLS working paper 472), Washington, DC, 38 S.
Abstract
"To what extent does hours flexibility in career employment impact the retirement process? Workplace flexibility policies have the potential to improve both the welfare of employees and the business outcomes of employers. These policies, and hours flexibility in particular for older Americans, have also been touted as a way to reduce turnover. For older Americans, reductions in turnover could mean more years in career employment, fewer years in bridge employment, and little or no impact on the timing of retirement. Alternatively, hours flexibility in career employment could lead to longer working lives and delayed retirements. The distinction between the two outcomes is important if hours flexibility policies, such as phased retirement, are to be considered an option for alleviating the strains of an aging society. This paper describes how hours flexibility in career employment impacts the retirement patterns of older Americans. We use data on three cohorts of older Americans from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a large nationally-representative dataset that began in 1992. We explore the extent to which hours flexibility arrangements are available and utilized in career employment and explore the extent to which such arrangements impact job transitions later in life. We find that bridge job prevalence is higher among those with access to hours flexibility in career employment compared to those without hours flexibility. Further, while we find mixed evidence that hours flexibility extends time in career employment, we do find that hours flexibility in career employment is associated with longer tenure on bridge jobs. Taken together these results suggest that hours flexibility in career employment is associated with extended work lives, particularly in post-career employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Work preferences after 50: third EQLS policy brief (2014)
Zitatform
(2014): Work preferences after 50. Third EQLS policy brief. (Foundation findings), Dublin, 23 S. DOI:10.2806/51644
Abstract
"This policy brief highlights findings on a specific topic from Eurofound's European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) that is of particular interest from a policy perspective. It brings results of the analysis of these data together with evidence from other Eurofound projects to formulate a number of policy pointers. The focus of this policy brief is the weekly working time preferences of people aged 50 and over." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Older workers and working time (2013)
Zitatform
Bell, David N. F. & Alasdair C. Rutherford (2013): Older workers and working time. (IZA discussion paper 7546), Bonn, 26 S.
Abstract
"Contrary to much of the established literature, this paper finds that though many older workers would prefer to reduce their working hours (the overemployed), there is a significant group who would like to work longer hours (the underemployed). And contrary to the assumption that the self-employed are more easily able than employees to select a desired combination of hours and the wage rate, this paper finds that older self-employed workers are more likely to wish to adjust their hours, both upward and downward than are employees. A new index of underemployment is used to show that for the UK, since the onset of the Great Recession, underemployment among older workers has been growing more rapidly than unemployment. Using longitudinal data from the UK Labour Force Survey, the paper investigates the effects of overemployment and underemployment on transitions from employment and self-employment into other labour market states. It confirms that overemployment is a significant predictor of retirement among employees while underemployed employees are less likely to retire." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Arbeitszeitpolitik
- Arbeitszeitentwicklung
- Arbeitszeit aus Sicht der Beschäftigten
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Arbeitszeitgestaltung
- gleitende Arbeitszeit
- Vertrauensarbeitszeit
- Arbeitszeitkonten
- Schichtmodelle, Wochenendarbeit
- Langzeiturlaub, Blockfreizeit
- Arbeit auf Abruf, KAPOVAZ
- Bereitschaftsdienst
- Job Sharing, Teilzeit, Altersteilzeit
- Telearbeit
- Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Kinderbetreuung, Elternzeit
- Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Pflege
- Alter
- Geschlecht
- geografischer Bezug