Der Arbeitsmarkt für Akademikerinnen und Akademiker
Studieren macht sich bezahlt. Nicht nur was das Einkommen von Akademiker/innen anbelangt, sondern höhere Bildung schützt in Krisenzeiten auch besser vor Arbeitslosigkeit. Das zeigen Analysen der qualifikationsspezifischen Arbeitslosenquoten seit langem. Allerdings sind die Aussichten nicht auf allen akademischen Teilarbeitsmärkten gleich gut.
Diese Infoplattform dokumentiert Literatur, Forschungsprojekte, einschlägige Institutionen und sonstige relevante Informationsquellen zur Qualifikation und Beschäftigung von Hochschulabsolvent/innen insgesamt sowie zu Arbeitsmarktchancen und Beschäftigungsbedingungen für Absolvent/innen verschiedener Studienfächer und Fächergruppen.
- Beschäftigungssituation von Akademiker/innen
- Teilarbeitsmärkte für Akademiker/innen
- Besondere Personengruppen und Aspekte
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Literaturhinweis
Gender earnings gap in Canadian economics departments (2023)
Zitatform
Dilmaghani, Maryam & Min Hu (2023): Gender earnings gap in Canadian economics departments. In: Applied Economics Letters online erschienen am 05.02.2023, S. 1-8. DOI:10.1080/13504851.2023.2174494
Abstract
"The status of women in economics is increasingly researched. However, the gender earnings gap among economics faculty is rarely examined due to data limitations. Relying on Canadian Public Sector Salary Disclosure lists, we construct a unique dataset of earnings, credentials, and research productivity of economics faculty members. We find a ceteris paribus gender earnings gap, which is driven by full professors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do looks matter for an academic career in economics? (2023)
Zitatform
Hale, Galina, Tali Regev & Yona Rubinstein (2023): Do looks matter for an academic career in economics? In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Jg. 215, S. 406-420. DOI:10.1016/j.jebo.2023.09.022
Abstract
"We show that physical appearance plays a role in the success of economics PhD graduates and investigate the underlying mechanisms driving this relationship. Leveraging a unique dataset of career and research productivity trajectories of PhD graduates from leading economics departments in the United States, we provide robust evidence that appearance is a predictive factor for both research productivity and job placement. Our analysis goes beyond establishing the association between attractiveness and success within the profession. By jointly examining appearance, job outcome, and research productivity, as well as the longitudinal development of the latter two over time, we show that the effect of appearance can be partially, but not fully, attributed to its role as a predictor of research productivity, with the remainder of the effect reflecting an intrinsic demand for attractiveness." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Women in Economics: Europe and the World (2022)
Auriol, Emmanuelle; Weinberger, Alisa; Friebel, Guido; Wilhelm, Sascha;Zitatform
Auriol, Emmanuelle, Guido Friebel, Alisa Weinberger & Sascha Wilhelm (2022): Women in Economics: Europe and the World. (Working papers / Toulouse School of Economics 1288), Toulouse, 64 S.
Abstract
"Based on a data set that we collected from the top research institutions in economics around the globe (including universities, business schools and other organizations such as central banks), we document the underrepresentation of women in economics. For the 238 universities and business schools in the sample, women hold 25% of senior level positions (full professor, associate professor) and 37% of junior level positions. In the 82 U.S. universities and business schools, the figures are 20% on the senior level and 32% on the entry level, while in the 122 European institutions, the numbers are 27% and 38%, respectively, with some heterogeneity across countries. The numbers also show that the highest-ranking institutions (in terms of research output) have fewer women in senior positions. Moreover, in the U.S., this effect is even present on the junior level. The “leaky pipeline” may hence begin earlier than oftentimes assumed, and is even more of an issue in the highly integrated market of the U.S. In Europe, an institution ranked 100 places higher has three percentage points fewer women in senior positions, but in the U.S. it is almost five percentage points." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: CEPR Discussion Papers, 16686 -
Literaturhinweis
The Women in Economics Index 2022 (2022)
Beatty, Alex; Takahashi, Yuki; Formella, Carolin; Kretschmer, Sandra; Weilage, Insa; Molitor, Pia; Sondergeld, Virginia; Schütz, Jana; Zillur, Kaneta; Seidlitz, Arnim;Zitatform
Beatty, Alex, Carolin Formella, Sandra Kretschmer, Pia Molitor, Jana Schütz, Arnim Seidlitz, Virginia Sondergeld, Yuki Takahashi, Insa Weilage & Kaneta Zillur (2022): The Women in Economics Index 2022. (WiE-Index / The Women in Economics Initiative e.V. 4), Berlin, 27 S.
Abstract
"The Women in Economics Index 2022 is the fourth edition of the WiE Index that monitors and tracks the share of women economists in senior positions in the academic, private, and public sectors globally. The key result of the WiE Index 2021 was an overall low share of women across sectors, especially in the academic sector (31, Private: 34, Public: 38). This continues to be the case in the WiE Index 2022, with index values of 33 in the Academic and the Private Sector and 32 in the Public Sector." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender sorting among economists: Evidence from the NBER (2022)
Zitatform
Davies, Benjamin (2022): Gender sorting among economists: Evidence from the NBER. In: Economics Letters, Jg. 217. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2022.110640
Abstract
"I compare the co-authorship patterns of male and female economists, using historical data on National Bureau of Economic Research working papers. Men tended to work in smaller teams than women, but co-authored more papers and so had more co-authors overall. Both men and women had more same-gender co-authors than we would expect if co-authorships were random. This was especially true for men in Macro/Finance." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2022 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How wide is the gap? Comparing geography graduates labor market success with that of peers from business and computer science (2022)
Zitatform
Teichert, Christian, Ingo Liefner & Anne Otto (2022): How wide is the gap? Comparing geography graduates labor market success with that of peers from business and computer science. In: Journal of Geography in Higher Education, Jg. 46, H. 4, S. 599-627., 2021-07-12. DOI:10.1080/03098265.2021.1960490
Abstract
"With growing numbers of university graduates, the choice of academic programs has gained in importance to enter the labor market successfully. Simultaneously, the link between the field of study and actual professional career is becoming increasingly blurry. This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of these relations and to position geography in this wide spectrum. We develop a conceptual framework to systematically categorize the relations between academic programs and their associated labor markets. We employ this framework in a most-different-case design to quantitatively analyze the influence of the field on the graduates’ career prospects, using student records of several German universities linked with administrative biographical data from social security records. We find evidence that the influence of the field of study on full-time employment and wage is substantial, controlling for various factors. Geographers do face difficulties on the labor market, but the demand for their core competencies – interdisciplinary, spatially specific and sustainability-related thinking – is rising through current societal developments. Moreover, we find some indication that those performance gaps are not an exceptional phenomenon of geographers but also apply to graduates of different fields of study with multidimensional and indirect links to the associated labor markets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Using Longitudinal Data to Explore the Gender Gap for Academic Economists (2021)
Bedard, Kelly; Lee, Maxine; Royer, Heather;Zitatform
Bedard, Kelly, Maxine Lee & Heather Royer (2021): Using Longitudinal Data to Explore the Gender Gap for Academic Economists. In: AEA papers and proceedings, Jg. 111, S. 69-73. DOI:10.1257/pandp.20211087
Abstract
"There are widespread gender inequities within the economics discipline. In this paper, we collect and analyze new longitudinal salary and personnel data from top economics departments at public institutions. A panel spanning 2005 to 2018 allows us to follow individuals and facilitates the examination of gender gaps in career progression, salary growth, and mobility. Using these data, we document the growth of salary gender gaps with the length of time in the profession, emerging roughly 10 years after the start of one's career. Some of these gaps are attributable to women moving through academic ranks more slowly than men." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender Differences in Job Search and the Earnings Gap: Evidence from Business Majors (2021)
Zitatform
Cortés, Patricia, Jessica Pan, Laura Pilossoph & Basit Zafar (2021): Gender Differences in Job Search and the Earnings Gap. Evidence from Business Majors. (IZA discussion paper 14373), Bonn, 63 S.
Abstract
"To understand gender differences in the job search process, we collect rich information on job offers and acceptances from past and current undergraduates of Boston University's Questrom School of Business. We document two novel empirical facts: (1) there is a clear gender difference in the timing of job offer acceptance, with women accepting jobs substantially earlier than men, and (2) the gender earnings gap in accepted offers narrows in favor of women over the course of the job search period. Using survey data on risk preferences and beliefs about expected future earnings, we present empirical evidence that the patterns in job search can be partly explained by the higher levels of risk aversion displayed by women and the higher levels of overoptimism (and slower belief updating) displayed by men. We develop a job search model that incorporates these gender differences in risk aversion and (over)optimism about prospective offers. Our counterfactual exercises show that simple policies such as eliminating "exploding offers" by allowing students to hold onto offers for an additional month, or providing them with accurate information about the labor market, can reduce the gender gap significantly." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: NBER working paper, 28820 -
Literaturhinweis
Gender Differences in Fields of Specialization and Placement Outcomes among PhDs in Economics (2021)
Fortin, Nicole; Rehavi, Marit; Lemieux, Thomas;Zitatform
Fortin, Nicole, Thomas Lemieux & Marit Rehavi (2021): Gender Differences in Fields of Specialization and Placement Outcomes among PhDs in Economics. In: AEA papers and proceedings, Jg. 111, S. 74-79. DOI:10.1257/pandp.20211028
Abstract
"This paper investigates the impact of gender differences in field of specialization on gender disparities in job placement among recent economics PhD candidates. Women are underrepresented as assistant professors, especially at top-50 institutions, and overrepresented in nonresearch positions. Our decomposition results show that our variables account for 28 percent to 67 percent of the gender gap in placement outcomes. Fields of specialization account for the larger share (75 percent to 132 percent) of the explained differences for positions outside of top-50 institutions. For top-50 institutions, the ranking of the PhD institutions accounts for two-thirds of the explained placement differences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Statusbericht zum Frauenanteil in der Volkswirtschaftslehre an deutschen Universitäten (2021)
Zitatform
Friebel, Guido, Nicola Fuchs-Schündeln & Alisa Weinberger (2021): Statusbericht zum Frauenanteil in der Volkswirtschaftslehre an deutschen Universitäten. In: Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik, Jg. 22, H. 2, S. 142-155. DOI:10.1515/pwp-2021-0005
Abstract
"In diesem Artikel stellen wir die Ergebnisse einer ersten systematischen Erhebung des Frauenanteils in der Volkswirtschaftslehre an deutschen Universitäten auf allen Karriereebenen dar. Unsere Zahlen verdeutlichen, dass Frauen auf allen Stufen unterrepräsentiert sind. Dabei fällt der Frauenanteil von der Assistenzprofessur zur „vollen“ Professur stark ab: Nur 15 Prozent der volkswirtschaftlichen Lehrstühle werden von Frauen besetzt. In Österreich und der Schweiz ist der Frauenanteil unter den Professuren ähnlich niedrig, in den meisten anderen europäischen Ländern jedoch höher. Der Frauenanteil variiert erheblich zwischen den Forschungsfeldern und ist besonders gering in den Bereichen Makroökonomie und Finanzen. Wir weisen auf potentielle Ursachen, Konsequenzen und Maßnahmen hin, um dem Problem der geringen Repräsentation von Frauen in unserer Profession entgegenzuwirken." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Gender Differences in Economics PhD Field Specializations with Correlated Choices (2021)
Zitatform
Sierminska, Eva & Ronald L. Oaxaca (2021): Gender Differences in Economics PhD Field Specializations with Correlated Choices. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 953), Essen, 53 S.
Abstract
"We model the process of field specialization choice among beginning economists within a multivariate logit framework that accommodates single and dual primary field specializations and incorporates correlations among field specialization choices. Conditioning on personal, economic, and institutional variables reveals that women graduate students are less likely to specialize in Labor/Health, Macro/Finance, Industrial Organization, Public Economics, and Development/Growth/International and are more likely to specialize in Agricultural/Resource/Environmental Economics. Field-specific gender faculty ratios and expected relative salaries as well as economics department rankings are significant factors for gender doctoral specialization dissimilarity. Preferences and characteristics contribute about equally to field specialization dissimilarity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IZA Discussion Papers, 14778 -
Literaturhinweis
Ökonominnen sind in der wirtschaftspolitischen Beratung deutlich seltener vertreten als ihre Kollegen (2020)
Zitatform
Barth, Denise & Katharina Wrohlich (2020): Ökonominnen sind in der wirtschaftspolitischen Beratung deutlich seltener vertreten als ihre Kollegen. In: DIW-Wochenbericht, Jg. 87, H. 25, S. 455-460. DOI:10.18723/diw_wb:2020-25-1
Abstract
"In vielen Gremien der ökonomischen Politikberatung sind Frauen nur zu einem geringen Anteil vertreten. Beispielsweise ist der Frauenanteil in den wissenschaftlichen Beiräten des Bundesfinanz- und des Bundeswirtschaftsministeriums (14 beziehungsweise 15 Prozent) geringer als unter allen Professuren der Volkswirtschaftslehre (VWL) in Deutschland (rund 18 Prozent). In den stärker interdisziplinär ausgerichteten Beiräten des Bundesfamilien- sowie des Bundesumwelt- und Bundesbildungsministeriums sind Frauen zu einem deutlich höheren Anteil vertreten (63 beziehungsweise 71 Prozent). Im Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung ist der Frauenanteil durch die Ernennung von Veronika Grimm und Monika Schnitzer zuletzt deutlich gestiegen (von 20 auf 40 Prozent). In den Medien kommen Ökonominnen jedoch nach wie vor selten zu Wort. Initiativen wie Expertinnenlisten könnten die ökonomische Expertise von Frauen sichtbarer machen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
On the labor market for full-time non-tenure-track lecturers in economics (2020)
Hilmer, Christiana E.; Hilmer, Michael J.;Zitatform
Hilmer, Christiana E. & Michael J. Hilmer (2020): On the labor market for full-time non-tenure-track lecturers in economics. In: Economics of Education Review, Jg. 78. DOI:10.1016/j.econedurev.2020.102023
Abstract
"We examine AY2013 annual salaries, annual teaching assignments, and career publishing histories for more than 700 full-time lecturers and tenure-track faculty at 37 public Ph.D.-granting departments of economics. The roughly 15% of teaching faculty who were full-time lecturers were younger, more likely to be female and to teach at the program from which they received their Ph.D., and were assigned to teach both more courses and many more students. While lower than those for tenure-track faculty, the annual salaries paid to full-time lecturers compare favorably to those of tenure-track economics faculty at Master's- and Bachelor's-granting institutions. Regression results suggest that full-time lecturer salaries are determined by teaching assignments rather than research productivity while tenure-track salaries are determined by research productivity rather than teaching assignments." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2020 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Warum wählen Männer und Frauen unterschiedliche Studienfächer? (2020)
Hägglund, Anna Erika; Lörz, Markus;Zitatform
Hägglund, Anna Erika & Markus Lörz (2020): Warum wählen Männer und Frauen unterschiedliche Studienfächer? In: Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Jg. 49, H. 1, S. 66-86. DOI:10.1515/zfsoz-2020-0005
Abstract
"Trotz der seit mehreren Jahrzehnten bestehenden geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede in der Studienfachwahl, ist es der bisherigen Forschung nur zum Teil gelungen, die zugrundeliegenden Ursachen empirisch herauszuarbeiten und die geschlechtsspezifische Studienfachwahl vollständig zu erklären. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht daher aus verschiedenen interdisziplinären Blickwinkeln der Frage nach, warum Männer und Frauen unterschiedliche Studienfächer wählen und betrachtet hierbei fünf Fächergruppen. Die Ergebnisse der multinominalen logistischen Regressions- und Dekompositionsanalysen zeigen, dass die geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede hauptsächlich aus vorgelagerten Bildungsentscheidungen und den damit zusammenhängenden Interessen- und Leistungsprofilen resultieren. Die kulturelle Zuschreibung von geschlechterkonformen Verhaltensweisen zeigt sich hierbei nicht in antizipierten Diskriminierungsprozessen, sondern in einer geschlechtsspezifischen Wahrnehmung der eigenen Fähigkeiten und der Entwicklung unterschiedlicher Berufsinteressen. Die Geschlechterunterschiede in den verschiedenen Fächergruppen sind jedoch teilweise auf unterschiedliche Ursachen zurückzuführen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Women in economics (2020)
Lundberg, Shelly;Zitatform
(2020): Women in economics. London: CEPR Press, 135 S.
Abstract
"Women are substantially under-represented in the field of economics. Few women reach senior positions in the profession, even though over the last few decades, between 30% and 35% of PhDs in economics have been earned by women. Women in economics face clear barriers to field entry and professional success that are distinct from those in other mathematics-focused fields. Women also appear to face implicit bias in the assessment of their research and other professional contributions that limit their success and persistence in the field This book, featuring leading experts on the issue of gender in economics, examines the role and progress of women in professional economics, reviews the barriers women that face at various stages of the training and promotional pipeline, evaluates programmes designed to support and encourage female economists, and discusses the benefits of greater gender equality across the economics research professions. Beginning with an overview of the representation of women in economics departments in the United States and in Europe, the opening chapters highlight the scarcity of Black women in American economics and provide some background on the ‘first gender reckoning’ of economics. Later chapters examine the forces that discourage women from majoring in economics as undergraduates and how they might be combatted, and on the paths to success for female graduate students. The book also documents differential treatment of women in the evaluation of research for publication and acceptance at conferences, as well as gender differences in collaborative networks that may affect research productivity. The ‘leaky pipeline’ in economics is reviewed, with a focus on the promotion gender gap in academics and central banking, and institutional factors that contribute to that gap, including gender bias in student evaluations and the inequitable consequences of gender-neutral tenure-clock-extension policies. The concluding chapters returns to policies and programmes that can support women and combat bias at all stages of the professional pipeline in economics." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
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Literaturhinweis
Pay and job rank among academic economists in the UK: Is gender relevant? (2020)
Zitatform
Mumford, Karen & Cristina Sechel (2020): Pay and job rank among academic economists in the UK: Is gender relevant? In: BJIR, Jg. 58, H. 1, S. 82-113. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12468
Abstract
"This article presents and explores a rich new data source to analyse the determinants of pay and job rank among academic economists in the UK. Characteristics associated with individual productivity and workplace features are found to be important determinants of the relative wage and promotion structure in this sector. However, there is also a substantial unexplained gender pay gap. Men are considerably more likely to work in higher paid job ranks where there are also substantial within-rank gender pay gaps. We show that the nature of the gender pay gap has changed over the last two decades; but its size has not, suggesting a role for suitable policy intervention." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IZA discussion paper , 12397 -
Literaturhinweis
Allocating effort and talent in professional labor markets (2019)
Barlevy, Gadi; Neal, Derek;Zitatform
Barlevy, Gadi & Derek Neal (2019): Allocating effort and talent in professional labor markets. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 37, H. 1, S. 187-246. DOI:10.1086/698899
Abstract
"In many professional service firms, new associates work long hours while competing in up-or-out promotion contests. Our model explains why. We argue that the productivity of skilled partners in professional service firms (e.g., law, consulting, investment banking, and public accounting) is quite large relative to the productivity of their peers who are competent and experienced but not well suited to the partner role. Therefore, these firms adopt personnel policies that facilitate the identification of new partners. In our model, both heavy workloads and up-or-out rules serve this purpose." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job preferences of business and economics students (2019)
Zitatform
Demel, Simona & Jürgen Meyerhoff (2019): Job preferences of business and economics students. In: International journal of manpower, Jg. 40, H. 3, S. 473-499. DOI:10.1108/IJM-09-2017-0249
Abstract
"Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to elicit young economists' job preferences through the use of a choice experiment (CE).
Design/methodology/approach: A CE conducted at a total of five universities in Spain, the Czech Republic and Germany. After estimating a random parameter logit model, the monetary value of the willingness to accept a specific job attribute is simulated.
Findings: The most important job characteristic, consistent across countries and universities, is a long-term career prospect at the company.
Originality/value: This is the first CE conducted on business and economics students' job preferences in three European countries. Using the same survey instrument allows for the comparison of students' job preferences across countries and also between private and public universities." (Author's abstract, © Emerald Group) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Fachkulturen und wissenschaftliche Karrieren: Studie im Rahmen des Bundesberichts Wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs (BuWiN) 2021 (2019)
Reimer, Maike; Banschbach, Volker; Lenz, Thorsten; Witte, Johanna;Zitatform
Reimer, Maike, Johanna Witte, Thorsten Lenz & Volker Banschbach (2019): Fachkulturen und wissenschaftliche Karrieren. Studie im Rahmen des Bundesberichts Wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs (BuWiN) 2021. (Bundesbericht Wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs 4,B2), München, 103 S.
Abstract
"Nachwuchswissenschaftlerinnen und -wissenschaftler tragen in hohem Maße zu Erkenntnisgewinn und Innovation bei, und ihre Wege zur Professur entscheiden somit auch über die Qualität der Forschung an Universitäten. Der Bundesbericht Wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs (BuWiN) nimmt daher seit 2007 regelmäßig deren Karriereentwicklungen, -entscheidungen und -perspektiven in den Fokus. In einer Begleitstudie werden im BuWiN 2021 erstmals vier ausgewählte Fächer vertieft untersucht, die unterschiedliche Kulturen des Forschens, Zusammenarbeitens und Publizierens widerspiegeln: Biologie, Elektro- und Informationstechnik, Geschichte und Wirtschaftswissenschaften." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
A phenomenological study of business graduates' employment experiences in the changing economy (2018)
Campbell, Throy Alexander;Zitatform
Campbell, Throy Alexander (2018): A phenomenological study of business graduates' employment experiences in the changing economy. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 52, H. 1, S. 1-10. DOI:10.1186/s12651-018-0238-8
Abstract
"This study explores the perspectives of business college graduates, how technology has shaped the structures of their jobs, and the role of non-technical skills as they navigate the changing career path.
Three overlapping themes emerged from the data analysis:
(1) influence of increased technology capabilities on job structures and careers;
(2) participation in job-related training and formal education as means of adapting to the new work environment; and
(3) the role of non-technical skills in the workplace amidst the intensification of technology change.
This research provides higher education practitioners and labor market researchers qualitative perspectives on work structure changes." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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- Beschäftigungssituation von Akademiker/innen
- Teilarbeitsmärkte für Akademiker/innen
- Besondere Personengruppen und Aspekte