Der Arbeitsmarkt für Akademikerinnen und Akademiker
Studieren macht sich bezahlt. Nicht nur was das Einkommen von Akademiker/innen anbelangt, sondern höhere Bildung schützt in Krisenzeiten auch besser vor Arbeitslosigkeit. Das zeigen Analysen der qualifikationsspezifischen Arbeitslosenquoten seit langem. Allerdings sind die Aussichten nicht auf allen akademischen Teilarbeitsmärkten gleich gut.
Diese Infoplattform dokumentiert Literatur, Forschungsprojekte, einschlägige Institutionen und sonstige relevante Informationsquellen zur Qualifikation und Beschäftigung von Hochschulabsolvent/innen insgesamt sowie zu Arbeitsmarktchancen und Beschäftigungsbedingungen für Absolvent/innen verschiedener Studienfächer und Fächergruppen.
- Beschäftigungssituation von Akademiker/innen
- Teilarbeitsmärkte für Akademiker/innen
- Besondere Personengruppen und Aspekte
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Literaturhinweis
From Movements to Managers: Crossing Organizational Boundaries in the Field of Sustainability (2024)
Zitatform
Augustine, Grace & Brayden G. King (2024): From Movements to Managers: Crossing Organizational Boundaries in the Field of Sustainability. In: Work and occupations, Jg. 51, H. 2, S. 207-248. DOI:10.1177/07308884221142215
Abstract
"This study investigates a route to occupational activism whereby individuals with significant experience in a social movement enter organizational positions that have been established to address those same movement's concerns. Utilizing data on the career pathways of 800 individuals from the field of sustainability in higher education, we formulate and test hypotheses related to whether or not individuals with more experience in the environmental movement gain access to sustainability manager positions, and whether or not entry patterns change as the roles become more institutionalized. These questions matter because although movements pressure organizations to address issues such as equality, diversity, and sustainability, it is individuals inside organizations who are best positioned to institutionalize movement-aligned practices and policies. And if those individuals have movement backgrounds, they can be carriers of movement praxis and ideals. Through our analyses, we find that although individuals with more experience in the environmental movement have a higher likelihood of entering sustainability manager positions overall, their advantage diminishes as the positions become institutionalized as formalized organizational roles. Our findings contribute to scholarship on occupational activism and in particular to outstanding questions regarding the role of occupations and occupational members in furthering social movement ideals and initiatives inside organizations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Equality for all? Support for equal opportunity among professors in Europe (2023)
Zitatform
Bourabain, Dounia & Pieter-Paul Verhaeghe (2023): Equality for all? Support for equal opportunity among professors in Europe. In: Sociology Compass, Jg. 17, H. 1. DOI:10.1111/soc4.13039
Abstract
"Equal Opportunity programs (EO) continue to be at the center of the debate about promoting equality in higher education. While support for EO has been well-studied in American higher education, this research is the first to investigate the attitudes towards and support for a range of EO policies among professors in Europe. We specifically examine faculty support for seven different EO measures used in European universities that require varying levels of involvement and commitment. From a sample of 689 professors, findings show that women professors tend to show more support for all EO programs compared to men professors. We also see differences across disciplines. Professors from the humanities and social sciences are more likely to endorse such programs than their counterparts in STEM disciplines. Moreover, the differences across disciplines and gender decrease substantially when controlling for racial and gender attitudes. Finally, soft/differential programs, which prioritize merit but take group membership into account are preferred over hard/preferential programs which prioritize achieving equality by targeting members from marginalized groups. This research is innovative for its geographical location, sample of study, and range of included measures." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A Further Look at the Gender Gap in Italian Academic Careers (2023)
Brunetti, Marianna; Zoli, Mariangela; Fabretti, Annalisa;Zitatform
Brunetti, Marianna, Annalisa Fabretti & Mariangela Zoli (2023): A Further Look at the Gender Gap in Italian Academic Careers. (CEIS Tor Vergata research papers Vol.21 (2023),7,No.570), Rom, 39 S.
Abstract
"In developed countries women have now achieved educational parity with men. Yet disparities persist in reaching top positions in the job market, with academia making no exception. This paper assesses the gender gap in career advancements in Italian universities over the 2013-2021 period, and explores the potential role of a third factor, i.e. mobility, besides competitiveness and scientific productivity typically investigated in the literature. The results, strongly robust, show a gender gap in advancements to associate professorship of about 4 percentage points, which is only partially explained by competitiveness, while scientific productivity and mobility do not seem to play a role. The estimated gender gap almost doubles for transitions to full professorship, and it remains unaffected when both competitiveness and scientific productivity are considered. Interestingly, mobility in this case matters: the gap is still there but (as much as 5 times) smaller when career advancements occur along with a move to a different University." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
What Explains the Growing Gender Education Gap? The Effects of Parental Background, the Labor Market and the Marriage Market on College Attainment (2023)
Zitatform
Eckstein, Zvi, Michael P. Keane & Osnat Lifshitz (2023): What Explains the Growing Gender Education Gap? The Effects of Parental Background, the Labor Market and the Marriage Market on College Attainment. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16612), Bonn, 58 S.
Abstract
"In the 1960 cohort, American men and women graduated from college at the same rate, and this was true for Whites, Blacks and Hispanics. But in more recent cohorts, women graduate at much higher rates than men. To understand the emerging gender education gap, we formulate and estimate a model of individual and family decision-making where education, labor supply, marriage and fertility are all endogenous. Assuming preferences that are common across ethnic groups and fixed over cohorts, our model explains differences in all endogenous variables by gender/ethnicity for the '60-'80 cohorts based on three exogenous factors: family background, labor market and marriage market constraints. Changes in parental background are a key factor driving the growing gender education gap: Women with college educated mothers get greater utility from college, and are much more likely to graduate themselves. The marriage market also contributes: Women's chance of getting marriage offers at older ages has increased, enabling them to defer marriage. The labor market is the largest factor: Improvement in women's labor market return to college in recent cohorts accounts for 50% of the increase in their graduation rate. But the labor market returns to college are still greater for men. Women go to college more because their overall return is greater, after factoring in marriage market returns and their greater utility from college attendance. We predict the recent large increases in women's graduation rates will cause their children's graduation rates to increase further. But growth in the aggregate graduation rate will slow substantially, due to significant increases in the share of Hispanics – a group with a low graduation rate – in recent birth cohorts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do more educated people work for the government? (2023)
Zitatform
Ha, Jeongmin, Elizabeth Kayoon Hur & Hee-Seung Yang (2023): Do more educated people work for the government? In: Applied Economics Letters, Jg. 30, H. 2, S. 149-152. DOI:10.1080/13504851.2021.1980192
Abstract
"We investigate the effect of education on public job choice using quarter of birth as an instrumental variable. We find that an additional year of education increases the probability of public sector employment by 1.87 percentage points. However, this positive effect is driven by females, whites, and those with high school degrees or less. For those with college or higher degrees, we observe a decrease in public employment with more education. Our results imply that highly-educated individuals go into high-risk, high-return occupations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mobility and stability: post-graduate employment experiences of working-class students (2023)
Lehmann, Wolfgang;Zitatform
Lehmann, Wolfgang (2023): Mobility and stability: post-graduate employment experiences of working-class students. In: Journal of education and work, Jg. 36, H. 1, S. 79-93. DOI:10.1080/13639080.2022.2128188
Abstract
"The transition from university to the graduate labour market has become increasingly competitive. As university degrees no longer offer a guarantee for success, graduates mobilise other forms of capital to gain a competitive advantage. First-in-family and working-class students are seen to be disadvantaged as they lack access to the types of economic, social and personal capital employers prefer. This article is based on a qualitative longitudinal study of first-in-family, working-class students in Canada. Starting university in 2005 with very high ambitions and goals for substantial mobility, I will show how most gradually revised these goals over the 16 years they have been followed in the study, and how they engaged in a range of strategies to negotiate their potential working-class disadvantages to find career success. They further evoked a broader notion of mobility beyond career achievement, in that they also discussed personal/intellectual growth through education, their ability to develop and accumulate middle-class cultural capital, while not abandoning their working-class roots, and the importance of stability over status." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Inequality at the top. The gender earnings gap among the Italian educational elite (2023)
Zitatform
Passaretta, Giampiero & Moris Triventi (2023): Inequality at the top. The gender earnings gap among the Italian educational elite. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 85. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2023.100796
Abstract
"Does a gender earnings gap exist at the top of the educational distribution? Based on population data on two recent cohorts of PhD graduates in Italy, we find that women’s monthly earnings are on average 16 % lower than men’s after 5–6 years in the labor market. The gender earnings gap is even wider at the bottom and top of the earnings distribution, reaching approximately 22 % and 19 %, respectively. Educational pathways before and during PhD studies, occupational characteristics, and family situation explain almost half of women’s average penalty and working hours alone one-fifth of it. The wider penalties at the bottom and top of the earnings distribution remain largely unexplained." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Modes of Incorporation: The Inclusion of Migrant Academics in the UK (2023)
Zitatform
Pustelnikovaite, Toma & Shiona Chillas (2023): Modes of Incorporation: The Inclusion of Migrant Academics in the UK. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 37, H. 6, S. 1627-1645. DOI:10.1177/09500170221092337
Abstract
"This article examines the internationalisation of professions in a qualitative study of migrant academics, drawing on social closure theory to understand how professions respond to the growing numbers of migrants. While studies of closure in professions tend to focus on forms of exclusion based on ascribed characteristics, this article is concerned with how professions include migrants in their ranks. Analysis of interviews with 62 foreign-born academics working in the UK reveals differences in degree of closure towards migrant academics, indicating that inclusion and exclusion are not binary opposites. The article captures degrees of closure in a novel concept – ‘modes of incorporation’ – identifying three inclusion patterns: integration, subordination and marginalisation. ‘Modes of incorporation’ extends closure theory by showing how inclusion is controlled and designed to preserve the status quo, thereby restricting internationalisation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gerontocracy, labor market bottlenecks, and generational crises in modern science (2023)
Zitatform
Siler, Kyle (2023): Gerontocracy, labor market bottlenecks, and generational crises in modern science. (SocArXiv papers), 37 S. DOI:10.31235/osf.io/xw6ua
Abstract
"Many Early Career Researchers (ECRs) currently face long odds attaining a full-time or tenure-track research position. Populations of graduate and postdoctoral researchers have continually increased, without concomitant increases in tenure-track jobs or stable research careers. The current hypercompetitive academic labor market is societally inefficient and often inhumane to ECRs, commonly characterized by precarious, exploitative and/or uncertain employment terms. Compounding the generational disadvantages endured by many ECRs at work, analysis of worldwide data on housing rental costs reveals that escalating costs-of-living are an especially acute problem for ECRs, since major research universities tend to be located in expensive cities. The unfavorable plight of today’s ECRs can be partly attributed to disproportionate distribution of resources to senior academics, particularly of the baby boomer generation. The uncertainty, precariousness and hypercompetitiveness of ECR academic labor markets undermine the quantity and quality of scientific innovations, both in the present and the future." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Vertical and Horizontal Mismatch in the UK: Are Graduates' Skills a Good Fit for Their Jobs? (2023)
Vecchi, Michela; Savic, Maja; Robinson, Catherine; Romiti, Marina;Zitatform
Vecchi, Michela, Catherine Robinson, Maja Savic & Marina Romiti (2023): Vertical and Horizontal Mismatch in the UK: Are Graduates' Skills a Good Fit for Their Jobs? (NIESR discussion paper 548), London, 39 S.
Abstract
"Understanding the skill mismatch among graduates, its causes and consequences is crucial for an economy as it reveals an inefficient allocation of resources that can lead to a decline in workers' wages and in a country's overall productivity performance. This study contributes to the skill mismatch debate by examining graduates' vertical and horizontal mismatch in the UK. Using the 2017 Annual Population Survey, we introduce a new, objective measure of horizontal mismatch (fit index) and account for skills beyond education. Performance of the fit index is compared with a standard measure of vertical mismatch, that typically refers to graduates employed in non-graduate jobs. We find that approximately 30% of graduates in the UK are employed in non-graduate jobs, while nearly 33% work in fields unrelated to their degree subject. Using information on the skill classification of occupations (SOC2010), we adjust these overall figures controlling for unobservable skills. This allows us to derive six skill groups, each capturing the distance between graduates' skills and those required on the job. At the top of skill distribution, we find graduates who are matched in terms of qualification and skills (44%), followed by those who are only horizontally mismatched, that is those who are employed in an occupation requiring a university degree but whose field of study does not match the requirements of the job (23%). At the bottom of the skill distribution, we find graduates who are overqualified on paper but whose skills are likely to be very close to those required on the job (16%). These graduates are particularly penalized in terms of wages. In fact, our estimates show that they earn approximately 40% less compared to those with a perfect job match. This wage penalty, on the other hand, is substantially lower for graduates who are only horizontally mismatched (approximately 2%). However, although for individuals a pure horizontal mismatch does not impose a strong downward p" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job demands, job resources and postdoctoral job satisfaction: An empirical study based on the data from 2020 Nature global postdoctoral survey (2023)
Zitatform
Zhang, Yue & Xinxing Duan (2023): Job demands, job resources and postdoctoral job satisfaction: An empirical study based on the data from 2020 Nature global postdoctoral survey. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 18. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0293653
Abstract
"Postdocs encounter numerous hurdles in terms of their professional survival and academic development, as a result of institutional reform and the prevailing academic environment. These challenges significantly impact their job satisfaction, which in turn plays a crucial role in shaping their scientific research career trajectory. To facilitate the advancement of relevant systems and augment the job satisfaction of postdocs, this study employs the 2020 Nature Global Postdoctoral Survey data to conduct a comprehensive analysis. Utilizing descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis, the impact of job characteristic elements on postdoctoral job satisfaction was examined within the theoretical framework of the Job Requirements-Resources (JD-R) model, as well as the mechanisms by which job characteristic elements impact postdoctoral job satisfaction. It was found that job demands and job resources negatively and positively predicted postdoctoral job satisfaction, respectively, with job burnout and job engagement playing a partial mediating role. Job demands can drive postdocs to develop negative coping psychology and limit the motivating effect of job resources on job engagement; job resources can act as a buffer to reduce the probability of postdocs experiencing job burnout as a result of job demands. The aforementioned findings generally support the applicability of the JD-R model to postdocs, theoretically revealing the intrinsic psychological mechanisms by which job characteristics influence postdoctoral job satisfaction and providing theoretical supplements and practical references for postdoctoral training and management." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Education and Employment: Evidence from Selected OECD Countries (2023)
Zitatform
Şerifoğlu, Müzeyyen Merve (2023): Education and Employment: Evidence from Selected OECD Countries. In: Prague Economic Papers, Jg. 32, H. 5, S. 569-588. DOI:10.18267/j.pep.839
Abstract
"The objective of the paper is to investigate the relationship between education and employment level in 27 member countries of OECD over the period 1998–2019. To achieve this, the paper first analyzes the effect of the number of graduates from upper secondary, post-secondary and tertiary education programs. Additionally, the paper constructs an education index which covers graduates from upper secondary, post-secondary and tertiary education programmes. After calculating distribution of graduates using the standard deviation method, the paper employs two-step system GMM developed by Arellano and Bover (1995) and Blundell and Bond (1998). The findings show that graduates from upper secondary, post-secondary and tertiary education, as well as the distribution of graduates, have a positive effect on employment, respectively. It is expected that policymakers consider the effect of graduates from different education levels on employment to design substantial education and employment strategies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Effects of Advanced Degrees on the Wage Rates, Hours, Earnings and Job Satisfaction of Women and Men (2022)
Zitatform
Altonji, Joseph G., John Eric Humphries & Ling Zhong (2022): The Effects of Advanced Degrees on the Wage Rates, Hours, Earnings and Job Satisfaction of Women and Men. (IZA discussion paper 15010), Bonn, 95 S.
Abstract
"This paper uses a college-by-graduate degree fixed effects estimator to evaluate the returns to 19 different graduate degrees for men and women. We find substantial variation across degrees, and evidence that OLS over-estimates the returns to degrees with the highest average earnings and underestimates the returns to degrees with the lowest average earnings. Second, we decompose the impacts on earnings into effects on wage rates and effects on hours. For most degrees, the earnings gains come from increased wage rates, though hours play an important role in some degrees, such as medicine, especially for women. Third, we estimate the net present value and internal rate of return for each degree, which account for the time and monetary costs of degrees. Finally, we provide descriptive evidence that satisfaction gains are large for some degrees with smaller economic returns, such as education and humanities degrees, especially for men." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Women in Economics: Europe and the World (2022)
Auriol, Emmanuelle; Weinberger, Alisa; Friebel, Guido; Wilhelm, Sascha;Zitatform
Auriol, Emmanuelle, Guido Friebel, Alisa Weinberger & Sascha Wilhelm (2022): Women in Economics: Europe and the World. (Working papers / Toulouse School of Economics 1288), Toulouse, 64 S.
Abstract
"Based on a data set that we collected from the top research institutions in economics around the globe (including universities, business schools and other organizations such as central banks), we document the underrepresentation of women in economics. For the 238 universities and business schools in the sample, women hold 25% of senior level positions (full professor, associate professor) and 37% of junior level positions. In the 82 U.S. universities and business schools, the figures are 20% on the senior level and 32% on the entry level, while in the 122 European institutions, the numbers are 27% and 38%, respectively, with some heterogeneity across countries. The numbers also show that the highest-ranking institutions (in terms of research output) have fewer women in senior positions. Moreover, in the U.S., this effect is even present on the junior level. The “leaky pipeline” may hence begin earlier than oftentimes assumed, and is even more of an issue in the highly integrated market of the U.S. In Europe, an institution ranked 100 places higher has three percentage points fewer women in senior positions, but in the U.S. it is almost five percentage points." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: CEPR Discussion Papers, 16686 -
Literaturhinweis
Nevertheless She Persisted? Gender Peer Effects in Doctoral STEM Programs (2022)
Bostwick, Valerie; Weinberg, Bruce;Zitatform
Bostwick, Valerie & Bruce Weinberg (2022): Nevertheless She Persisted? Gender Peer Effects in Doctoral STEM Programs. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 40, H. 2, S. 397-436. DOI:10.1086/714921
Abstract
"We study the effects of peer gender composition in STEM doctoral programs on persistence and degree completion. Leveraging unique new data and quasi-random variation in gender composition across cohorts within programs, we show that women entering cohorts with no female peers are 11.7pp less likely to graduate within 6 years than their male counterparts. A 1 sd increase in the percentage of female students differentially increases women’s probability of on-time graduation by 4.4pp. These gender peer effects function primarily through changes in the probability of dropping out in the first year of a Ph.D. program." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Bildung und Qualifikation als Grundlage der technologischen Leistungsfähigkeit Deutschlands 2022 (2022)
Kerst, Christian; Weilage, Insa; Gehrke, Birgit;Zitatform
Kerst, Christian, Insa Weilage & Birgit Gehrke (2022): Bildung und Qualifikation als Grundlage der technologischen Leistungsfähigkeit Deutschlands 2022. (Studien zum deutschen Innovationssystem 2022-1), Berlin, 65 S.
Abstract
"Die Studie zu Bildung und Qualifikation wird 2022 als Kurzstudie vorgelegt. Sie enthält wie in den Vorjahren die zentralen Indikatoren zur Qualifikationsstruktur der Erwerbstätigen im internationalen Vergleich. Erneut zeigt sich, dass der Anteil der Erwerbstätigen mit formal hohen (tertiären) Qualifikationen (ISCED 5 bis 8) in Deutschland deutlich niedriger ausfällt als in den OECD-Vergleichsländern. Dafür ist in Deutschland der Anteil qualitativ hochwertiger Abschlüsse mit berufsbildender Komponente im mittleren Qualifikationsbereiche (ISCED 3 und 4) besonders hoch. Die Studie enthält im zweiten Teil eine umfassende Darstellung hochschulstatistischer Kennzahlen zur Studiennachfrage und zur Entwicklung der Absolventenzahlen. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt dabei erneut auf der insbesondere in den weiterführenden Studiengängen Master und Promotion hohen Bildungsbeteiligung internationaler Studierender. Hier werden mit der zurückgehenden internationalen Studiennachfrage erste Auswirkungen der Corona-Pandemie erkennbar. Im dritten Teil der Studie werden Daten zur individuellen Teilnahme an Weiterbildung sowie zu weiterbildungsaktiven Betrieben berichtet." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Same degree but different outcomes: an analysis of labour market outcomes for native and international PhD students in Australia (2022)
Zitatform
Tani, Massimiliano (2022): Same degree but different outcomes: an analysis of labour market outcomes for native and international PhD students in Australia. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 56. DOI:10.1186/s12651-022-00324-5
Abstract
"This paper used data on career destinations over the period 1999–2015 to study the labour market outcomes of native and foreign PhD graduates staying on in Australia as skilled migrants. Natives with an English-speaking background emerge as benefiting from positive employer ‘discrimination’ (a wage premium unrelated to observed characteristics such as gender, age, and previous work experience). The premium is field-specific and applies to graduates in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). In contrast, foreign PhD graduates with a non-English speaking background experience inferior labour market outcomes, especially if they work in the university sector. Against expectations to the contrary, completing the highest degree of education in the host country and staying on in the same sector where one acquired human capital does not appear to eliminate lesser labour market outcomes for the foreign-born." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Auswirkungen der Covid-19 Pandemie auf die Erwerbssituation der Hochschulabsolventinnen und -absolventen des Jahres 2016 (2022)
Zitatform
Schweiz. Bundesamt für Statistik (2022): Auswirkungen der Covid-19 Pandemie auf die Erwerbssituation der Hochschulabsolventinnen und -absolventen des Jahres 2016. (BFS aktuell : 15, Bildung und Wissenschaft), Neuchâtel, 15 S.
Abstract
"Die vorliegende Publikation des Bundesamtes für Statistik (BFS) gibt einen Überblick über die Auswirkungen von Covid-19 auf die berufliche Situation der Hochschulabsolventinnen und -absolventen vom Beginn der Pandemie im März 2020 bis zum Frühjahr 2021. Sie legt den Fokus auf die Situation fünf Jahre nach Studienabschluss und zeigt, dass die Pandemie und die vom Bundesrat eingeführten Massnahmen zur Bekämpfung von Covid-19 die Erwerbstätigkeiten der grossen Mehrheit der Absolventinnen und Absolventen beeinflusst haben. Homeoffice, reduzierte Kontakte mit den Kolleginnen und Kollegen, Flexibilisierung der Arbeitszeit und Aufbau von Überstunden gehören zu den meistgenannten Auswirkungen. Die Pandemie hatte aber je nach Beschäftigungsstatus unterschiedliche Auswirkungen auf die Absolventinnen und Absolventen. Rund 40% der selbstständig erwerbstätigen Absolventinnen und Absolventen gaben an, dass sowohl ihr Einkommen als auch die Anzahl Arbeitsaufträge oder Mandate zurückgegangen sind. Die angestellten Absolventinnen und Absolventen hingegen verzeichneten seltener einen Rückgang des Beschäftigungsgrads (3%) oder des Einkommens (4%). Ähnlich sieht die Situation beim Bezug von staatlicher Unterstützung aus. Rund 10% der angestellten Absolventinnen und Absolventen gaben an, dass sie von Kurzarbeit betroffen waren, während knapp 30% der Selbstständigen zu irgendeinem Zeitpunkt seit Beginn der Pandemie Corona-Erwerbsersatz (EO) erhalten haben. 1,4% der erwerbstätigen Absolventinnen und Absolventen gaben an, infolge der Covid-19-Pandemie ihre Stelle verloren zu haben. Im Frühjahr 2021 war die Erwerbslosenquote der Absolventinnen und Absolventen fünf Jahre nach Studienabschluss mit derjenigen der Vorjahre vergleichbar und lag deutlich unter jener der Schweizer Erwerbsbevölkerung." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Non-academic employment and matching satisfaction among PhD graduates with high intersectoral mobility potential (2021)
Zitatform
Alfano, Vincenzo, Giuseppe Gaeta & Mauro Pinto (2021): Non-academic employment and matching satisfaction among PhD graduates with high intersectoral mobility potential. In: International Journal of Manpower, Jg. 42, H. 7, S. 1202-1223. DOI:10.1108/IJM-10-2020-0489
Abstract
"Purpose: This paper contributes to the empirical analysis of PhD holders' transition into the non-academic labor market (i.e. their intersectoral mobility). The research focuses on doctoral graduates specialized in a field of study supposed to have notable non-academic applications, namely Industrial and Information Engineering. We inspect whether these doctoral graduates experience lower satisfaction with PhD knowledge use on the job when they work outside universities and non-public research centers. Design/methodology/approach: We use cross-sectional survey data collected by the Italian National Institute of Statistics in 2014. Ordinary least squares and ordered logit analyses provide baseline results; furthermore, we apply a multinomial endogenous treatment model to control for potential bias arising from self-selection into employment sectors. Findings: We find evidence that for PhD holders Industrial and Information Engineering being employed in the industrial and services sector implies lower satisfaction with the use of doctoral knowledge than that reported by their counterparts working in universities or public research centers. Originality/value: These results complement and extend previous evidence about PhD holders' career outcomes by focusing on the intersectoral mobility issue and on a specific group of doctoral graduates whose intersectoral mobility potential is expected to be high. Our findings call for policies that might trigger a better alignment between doctoral education and non-academic jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Gender Wage Gap among Ph.D. Holders: Evidence from Italy (2021)
Zitatform
Alfano, Vincenzo, Lorenzo Cicatiello, Giuseppe Lucio Gaeta & Mauro Pinto (2021): The Gender Wage Gap among Ph.D. Holders: Evidence from Italy. In: The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, Jg. 21, H. 3, S. 1107-1148. DOI:10.1515/bejeap-2020-0319
Abstract
"This paper contributes to the literature on the gender wage gap by empirically analyzing those workers who hold the highest possible educational qualification, i.e., a Ph.D. The analysis relies on recent Italian cross-sectional data collected through a survey on the employment conditions of Ph.D. holders. The Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition analysis and quantile decomposition analysis are carried out, and the selection of Ph.D. holders into employment and STEM/non-STEM fields of specialization is taken into account. Findings suggest that a gender gap in hourly wages exists among Ph.D. holders, with sizeable differences by sector of employment and field of specialization." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter) ((en))
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- Beschäftigungssituation von Akademiker/innen
- Teilarbeitsmärkte für Akademiker/innen
- Besondere Personengruppen und Aspekte