Der Arbeitsmarkt für Akademikerinnen und Akademiker
Studieren macht sich bezahlt. Nicht nur was das Einkommen von Akademiker/innen anbelangt, sondern höhere Bildung schützt in Krisenzeiten auch besser vor Arbeitslosigkeit. Das zeigen Analysen der qualifikationsspezifischen Arbeitslosenquoten seit langem. Allerdings sind die Aussichten nicht auf allen akademischen Teilarbeitsmärkten gleich gut.
Diese Infoplattform dokumentiert Literatur, Forschungsprojekte, einschlägige Institutionen und sonstige relevante Informationsquellen zur Qualifikation und Beschäftigung von Hochschulabsolvent/innen insgesamt sowie zu Arbeitsmarktchancen und Beschäftigungsbedingungen für Absolvent/innen verschiedener Studienfächer und Fächergruppen.
- Beschäftigungssituation von Akademiker/innen
- Teilarbeitsmärkte für Akademiker/innen
- Besondere Personengruppen und Aspekte
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Literaturhinweis
Earnings expectations of “First-in Family” university students and their role for major choice (2025)
Zitatform
Adler, Katharina, Fabian Kosse, Markus Nagler & Johannes Rincke (2025): Earnings expectations of “First-in Family” university students and their role for major choice. In: Labour Economics. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102743
Abstract
"How do students’ earnings expectations differ by being the first in their family to attend university (FiF) and how do they affect field of study choice? We leverage unique survey and administrative data to document sizable gaps in expected earnings between FiF and non-FiF students. Our data can explain two-thirds of this gap, with the largest share attributable to field of study choice. We show that FiF students sort less into study fields based on their earnings expectations. Investigating potential explanations, we find that in high-earning fields, FiF students expect lower own ability and worse non-wage amenities than non-FiF students." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Earnings Expectations of “First-in-Family” University Students and Their Role for Major Choice (2025)
Zitatform
Adler, Katharina, Fabian Kosse, Markus Nagler & Johannes Rincke (2025): Earnings Expectations of “First-in-Family” University Students and Their Role for Major Choice. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17720), Bonn, 27 S.
Abstract
"How do students' earnings expectations differ by being the first in their family to attend university (FiF) and how do they affect field of study choice? We leverage unique survey and administrative data from a German university to document sizable gaps in expected earnings between FiF and non-FiF students. Our data can explain two-thirds of this gap, with the largest share attributable to field of study choice. We show that FiF students sort less into study fields based on their earnings expectations. Investigating potential explanations, we find that they expect lower own ability and worse non-wage amenities in high-earning fields." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender differences in the early career earnings of economics graduates (2025)
Bazen, Stephen; Charni, Kadija;Zitatform
Bazen, Stephen & Kadija Charni (2025): Gender differences in the early career earnings of economics graduates. In: Education Economics, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1080/09645292.2025.2498148
Abstract
"In contrast to the UK, the USA and Germany, the majority of university students in economics in France are female. Using a national survey of three cohorts of French university graduates in economics, we find a significant raw differential in favor of men in both starting pay and earnings three years after graduation, and the latter is wider than the former. Gender differences in occupation suggest that female economics graduates are under-represented in technical roles where two in five male graduates are found. When occupation and sector are included as controls in an Oaxaca decomposition, two thirds of the gender differential in earnings in 2013 remain unexplained." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Nudging women towards pursuing their university careers (2025)
Zitatform
Bernhofer, Juliana, Luca Bonacini & Giuseppe Pignataro (2025): Nudging women towards pursuing their university careers. In: Economica, Jg. 92, H. 367, S. 883-919. DOI:10.1111/ecca.12577
Abstract
"This study explores the impact of light-touch interventions on the academic outcomes of female scholarship recipients. In a randomized trial involving nearly 2000 students at the University of Bologna, we delivered a targeted message highlighting how higher education can reduce the gender gap in the labour market, and boost employment prospects. The nudge increased the likelihood of meeting scholarship requirements by nearly 5 percentage points, alongside significant gains in passing exams with higher credit values, and a reduction in failed exams in the medium term, with no short-term effects. Notably, there was an improvement in grades during the July/August exam period, reflecting a shift towards prioritizing quality over quantity in academic efforts, even though grades were not part of the requirements for maintaining scholarships. Treated students exhibited enhanced academic focus and more strategic study habits, without increasing overall exam load. These findings highlight the potential of cost-effective informational nudges to drive meaningful changes for women facing financial and informational barriers, providing valuable insights for policies designed to support female students. The results emphasize the importance of well-timed informational interventions in helping women to make informed decisions about their education, ultimately enhancing their academic success and long-term economic prospects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gleichwertigkeit und soziale Ungleichheit: Eine empirische Untersuchung des Prestiges von beruflicher Ausbildung und Studium im Kontext der beruflichen Orientierung von Schüler/-innen (2025)
Bör, Nicolai;Zitatform
Bör, Nicolai (2025): Gleichwertigkeit und soziale Ungleichheit. Eine empirische Untersuchung des Prestiges von beruflicher Ausbildung und Studium im Kontext der beruflichen Orientierung von Schüler/-innen. (BIBB discussion paper / Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung), Bonn, 105 S.
Abstract
"Der Fachkräftemangel, der sich gerade auch im mittleren Qualifikationsbereich verschärft, rückt die Berufswahl von Jugendlichen zunehmend in den Fokus der Aufmerksamkeit. Ein wichtiger Entscheidungsfaktor im Berufswahlprozess sind Vorstellungen über das Prestige von Bildungswegen und Berufen. Diese Prestigevorstellungen sind gerade bei jungen Menschen bislang nur wenig erforscht. Im Mittepunkt dieses Beitrags stehen daher die Prestigevorstellungen von Schülerinnen und Schülern hinsichtlich beruflicher Ausbildung und Studium. Anknüpfend an gesellschaftliche und wissenschaftliche Diskurse zur Gleichwertigkeit akademischer und beruflicher Bildungswege wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Faktoren die Prestigebewertungen von Schüler/-innen prägen und welche Rolle soziale Ungleichheitsmechanismen in diesem Zusammenhang spielen. Die empirischen Analysen beruhen auf Daten der BIBB-TUDa-Berufsorientierungsstudie, die in den Jahren 2021-2023 an weiterführenden Schulen in NRW, Hessen und Rheinland-Pfalz durchgeführt wurde. Auf der Grundlage theoretischer Ansätze und empirischer Forschungsergebnisse zu Berufswahl, Bildungsentscheidungen, Bildungsungleichheit und Prestige werden Hypothesen zu den zentralen Einflussfaktoren auf die Prestigebewertungen von Studium und beruflicher Ausbildung formuliert, modelliert und analysiert. Konkret werden Schulform, Schulleistung, sozioökonomischer Hintergrund, Migrationshintergrund und Erwartungen des nahen sozialen Umfelds als potenzielle Einflussfaktoren in die Analyse eingeschlossen. Darüber hinaus wird die Bedeutung der Prestigebewertungen für die nachschulische Bildungsaspiration untersucht. Im Vergleich der zwei Bildungswege zeigt sich, dass die befragten Schüler/-innen das Prestige eines Studiums etwas höher einschätzen als das Prestige einer beruflichen Ausbildung. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse deuten zudem darauf hin, dass es unter den einbezogenen Faktoren vor allem die den Eltern zugesprochenen Erwartungshaltungen sind, die Differenzen in der Prestigeeinschätzung der Jugendlichen erklären können. Generell zeichnen sich Bewertungsunterschiede vor allem für das Prestige einer beruflichen Ausbildung ab, während die Schüler/-innen das Prestige eines Studiums vergleichsweise homogen einschätzen. Dass Prestigevorstellungen Bildungsaspirationen prägen, spiegelt sich auch in den Ergebnissen dieser Untersuchung wider. Andere Faktoren, allen voran auch in diesem Zusammenhang die elterliche Erwartungshaltung, erweisen sich im Modell jedoch als bedeutendere Prädiktoren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Keeping up with the Max Plancks? Germany’s quest for university excellence and the role of public research institutes in doctoral education (2025)
Zitatform
Bünstorf, Guido, Johannes König & Anne Otto (2025): Keeping up with the Max Plancks? Germany’s quest for university excellence and the role of public research institutes in doctoral education. In: Scientometrics, Jg. 130, H. 1, S. 67-108., 2024-10-21. DOI:10.1007/s11192-024-05195-w
Abstract
"Doctoral education is a crucial stage in the academic socialization of early-career researchers. Prior research has shown that career paths and activities of Ph.D.s are shaped by the universities and departments in which they were trained. To widen this focus, we analyze the role of public research organizations (PROs) and private-sector firms as organizational employment contexts of doctoral education. The empirical context of our study is Germany, where PROs and firms employ large numbers of doctoral candidates and provide the organizational environment for their dissertation research. Utilizing a novel process-generated dataset that covers about 40,000 STEM Ph.D.s who graduated from 1995 to 2011, we find that Ph.D.s employed at PROs during doctoral education are more likely to stay in academia than their university-employed peers. Despite extensive policy efforts that sought to strengthen the research performance of German universities, doctoral candidates employed at basic research-oriented PROs had the strongest cross-cohort increase in their post-graduation academic employment share. This group also experienced the most pronounced fall in the share of high post-graduation income owners. Industry-employed doctoral candidates are unlikely to migrate to the academic sector and have the highest likelihood of obtaining high post-graduation incomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer Nature) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Partnerships as signposts? The role of spatial mobility in gendered earnings benefits of graduates (2025)
Zitatform
Detemple, Jonas (2025): Partnerships as signposts? The role of spatial mobility in gendered earnings benefits of graduates. In: Advances in life course research, Jg. 63. DOI:10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100656
Abstract
"This study analyzes the gender-specific impact of spatial mobility on earnings after graduation from higher education, extending previous research on graduates’ mobility benefits, which has largely ignored gender-specific mechanisms. Based on household economic and gender role considerations, this study argues that partnerships are associated with solidifying gender differences in mobility-related earnings benefits. The study uses data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), Starting Cohort First-Year Students (SC5), and applies entropy balancing weights to account for the self-selection of mobile graduates. General linear models show a weak correlation between overal graduate mobility and higher earnings and that gender differences are rather small and depend on the type of mobility. However, looking at the role of partnerships, female graduates benefit significantly less from short-distance mobility when cohabiting with a partner than their non-cohabiting counterparts, while cohabiting male graduates benefit significantly more from long-distance mobility. The findings contribute to the literature by highlighting the crucial role of partnerships in the gendered mobility benefits of graduates." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Author. Published by Elsevier Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gleichstellung im Wandel: Neue Herausforderungen und Wege der Karriereentwicklung von Frauen in der Wissenschaft (2025)
Franzke, Astrid; Springsgut, Astrid;Zitatform
Franzke, Astrid & Astrid Springsgut (Hrsg.) (2025): Gleichstellung im Wandel. Neue Herausforderungen und Wege der Karriereentwicklung von Frauen in der Wissenschaft. (Frankfurter feministische Texte), Sulzbach: Helmer, 207 S.
Abstract
"Die Gleichstellungsarbeit hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten zu einer Erhöhung des Frauenanteils in der Wissenschaft beigetragen. Und doch vollzieht sich der kulturelle Wandel hin zu einer geschlechtergerechten Hochschule nur langsam. Mangelnde Sichtbarkeit der Leistungen, Unvereinbarkeit von Wissenschaft und Sorge, (fehlende) Planbarkeit und Abbrüche von Promotionsvorhaben kennzeichnen vorhandene Ausschlussmechanismen für Frauen in der Wissenschaft. Dieser Band untersucht, wie geschlechtergerechte Veränderungen der Hochschulstrukturen und eine diversitätssensible Wissenschaftskultur vor dem Hintergrund neuer Herausforderungen von Exzellenz, Geschlechtergerechtigkeit und Vielfalt von Karrierewegen erreicht werden können, um die Attraktivität des Wissenschaftssystems für Akademikerinnen zu erhöhen und ihren Karriereaufstieg zu ermöglichen. Er verbindet sowohl Perspektiven aus der empirischen Forschung als auch von Praktiker:innen im Feld der intersektionalen Gleichstellungsarbeit, der Karriere- und Nachwuchsförderung sowie der Personalentwicklung an Hochschulen und inspiriert somit aktuelle Diskurse." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis -
Literaturhinweis
Volkswirtschaftliche Effekte der Zuwanderung über die Hochschulen: Auswirkungen auf öffentliche Haushalte und Wertschöpfung in Deutschland (2025)
Geis-Thöne, Wido; Obst, Thomas; Plünnecke, Axel; Betz, Julia;Zitatform
Geis-Thöne, Wido, Thomas Obst, Axel Plünnecke & Julia Betz (2025): Volkswirtschaftliche Effekte der Zuwanderung über die Hochschulen. Auswirkungen auf öffentliche Haushalte und Wertschöpfung in Deutschland. (IW-Gutachten / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln), Köln, 110 S.
Abstract
"Angesichts rückläufiger Studienanfängerzahlen in Deutschland könnten freie Kapazitäten gezielt für internationale Studierende genutzt werden. Wichtige Maßnahmen sind eine gezielte Gewinnung internationaler Studierender, eine bessere Unterstützung während des Studiums und eine erleichterte Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt. Dabei müssen Hochschulen, Politik und Wirtschaft zusammenarbeiten. Allerdings bleiben neben der Fachkräftesicherung auch die Internationalisierung der Wissenschaft und die Ausbildung von Fach- und Führungskräften, die Deutschland ein internationales Netzwerk aus Partnerinnen und Partnern weltweit ermöglichen, zentrale Ziele, die auch erreicht werden, wenn nicht alle internationalen Studierenden in Deutschland bleiben." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Networking, Employment Services and Information: Key Findings from a Survey on Intra-EU Mobility of High-Skilled Women (2025)
Gomes de Araujo, Anelise;Zitatform
Gomes de Araujo, Anelise (2025): Networking, Employment Services and Information. Key Findings from a Survey on Intra-EU Mobility of High-Skilled Women. In: International Migration, Jg. 63, H. 1. DOI:10.1111/imig.12744
Abstract
"Empirical evidence demonstrates that there has been a significant increase in the number of high-skilled mobile workers in the European Union. Given scant understanding of the experience of female high-skilled intra-EU mobiles, this paper uses unique qualitative data collected through an online survey to investigate their labour market integration. Findings highlighted two main features: first, the use of social networks as an essential strategy on job search and entry; and second, the inadequate availability and access to support services and relevant information. The paper draws on these findings to advocate for a gender perspective about the experiences and outcomes, as well as responses to obstacles in the path of labour market integration of high-skilled intra-EU workers. This is relevant to avoid having these workers' experience invisible and thus to suggest consistent labour market activation policies in support of this group, particularly towards those looking for work opportunities and older workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender bias in evaluating assistant professorship applicants? Evidence from harmonized survey experiments in Germany and Italy (2025)
Zitatform
Gërxhani, Klarita, Nevena Kulic, Alessandra Rusconi & Heike Solga (2025): Gender bias in evaluating assistant professorship applicants? Evidence from harmonized survey experiments in Germany and Italy. In: Social science research, Jg. 126. DOI:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103113
Abstract
"This study investigates gender biases in the evaluation of applicants for assistant professorships in Germany and Italy. Drawing on the justification-suppression model of prejudice expression, we explore whether biases against women are expressed, suppressed, or even reversed in the appointment process, considering the different normative gender climates and gender equality strategies in the two countries. Using harmonized factorial survey experiments with professors of economics, political science, and social sciences, we found that women in Germany have an advantage both in perceived qualification for an assistant professorship and in the propensity to receive an interview invitation. In contrast, women in Italy are neither disadvantaged nor advantaged. We also examine whether gender biases exist when there is ambiguity about applicants' academic performance (co-authorship) and career commitment (parental leave). Our results reveal a co-authorship penalty and a parenthood premium in both countries, with no gender differences observed. Our exploratory country comparison suggests that Germany's proactive gender equality policies may be more effective in reducing the gender gap in assistant professor appointments compared to Italy's gender-neutral approach, by favoring equally qualified female applicants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Demographic and Research Styles of Economics Writing (2025)
Zitatform
Hamermesh, Daniel S. (2025): The Demographic and Research Styles of Economics Writing. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 33731), Cambridge, Mass, 10 S.
Abstract
"This study examines publications in three leading general economics journals from the 1960s through the 2020s, considering levels and trends in the demographics of authors, methodologies of the studies, and patterns of co-authorship. The average age of authors has increased nearly steadily; there has been a sharp increase in the fraction of female authors; the number of authors per paper has risen steadily; and there has been a pronounced shift to articles using newly generated data. All but the first of these trends have been most pronounced in the most recent decade. The study also examines the relationships among these trends." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
DGB-Hochschulreport 2025: Zwischen Stagnation und Dynamik: Studien- und Arbeitsbedingungen an staatlichen und nicht-staatlichen Hochschulen in Deutschland (2025)
Hansen, Mads; Banscherus, Ulf; Cherier, Yasmin; Müller, Helene; Hoffmann, Jule;Zitatform
Hansen, Mads, Ulf Banscherus, Yasmin Cherier, Jule Hoffmann & Helene Müller (2025): DGB-Hochschulreport 2025: Zwischen Stagnation und Dynamik. Studien- und Arbeitsbedingungen an staatlichen und nicht-staatlichen Hochschulen in Deutschland. (Studie / DGB-Bundesvorstand, Abteilung Bildungspolitik und Bildungsarbeit), Berlin, 94 S.
Abstract
"Die vorliegende Studie dokumentiert in Teil A die Arbeitsbedingungen an den staatlichen und den nicht-staatlichen Hochschulen im Zeitverlauf zwischen 2007 und 2022 auf Grundlage der Daten der amtlichen Statistik. Sie berücksichtigt auf Basis der verfügbaren amtlichen Daten alle Beschäftigtengruppen (inklusive der Professor*innen). Teil B befasst sich mit der Entwicklung des nicht-staatlichen Hochschulsektors in Deutschland. Außerdem zeigt der Bericht Forschungsbedarfe und weitergehende Fragestellungen auf, deren Beantwortung zu einem besseren Verständnis dieses wachsenden Bildungs- und Wirtschaftsbereichs beitragen könnten und für eine effektive und evidenzbasierte politische Steuerung unerlässlich wären. Denn die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass es dringend einer größeren Aufmerksamkeit der Hochschulpolitik wie der Zivilgesellschaft bedarf, um potenzielle Fehlsteuerungen zu vermeiden. Das Wissenschaftssystem funktioniert trotz der für Viele schwierigen Rahmenbedingungen nicht zuletzt aufgrund der hohen intrinsischen Motivation der Beschäftigten. Diese Beschäftigten haben angesichts ihres hohen Engagements statt Kurzzeit-, unfreiwilliger Teilzeit- und Kettenverträgen exzellente Arbeitsbedingungen und Karriereperspektiven verdient. Die vorliegenden, teilweise ernüchternden Ergebnisse sollen die Gewerkschaften und die Personal- und Betriebsräte bei ihrem Kampf um gute Arbeit in der Wissenschaft unterstützen. Sie sollen der Politik und den Personalverantwortlichen an den Hochschulen, insbesondere auch in Bezug auf die nicht-staatlichen Hochschulen, aufzeigen, wo die Handlungsbedarfe liegen und wo sie nachsteuern bzw. aktiv werden müssen. Denn es darf nicht vergessen werden, an den Hochschulen wird ein wesentlicher Teil der Fachkräfte von morgen qualifiziert. Und für eine rohstoffarme Industrienation muss das höchste Priorität haben. Denn Innovationen werden von Menschen gemacht. " (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Career expectations and outcomes: Evidence (on gender gaps) from the economics job market (2025)
Helppie-McFall, Brooke; Parolin, Eric; Zafar, Basit;Zitatform
Helppie-McFall, Brooke, Eric Parolin & Basit Zafar (2025): Career expectations and outcomes: Evidence (on gender gaps) from the economics job market. In: Journal of Public Economics, Jg. 248. DOI:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105437
Abstract
"This paper investigates gender gaps in long-term career expectations and outcomes of PhD candidates in economics. For this purpose, we match rich survey data on PhD candidates (from the 2008–2010 job market cohorts) to public data on job history and publication records through 2022. We document four novel empirical facts: (1) there is a robust gender gap in career expectations, with females about 10 percentage points less likely to ex-ante expect to get tenure or publish regularly; (2) the gender gap in expectations is remarkably similar to the gap observed for academic outcomes; (3) expectations are similarly predictive of outcomes for males and females, and (4) gender gaps in expectations can explain about 22 % and 14 % of the ex-post gaps in tenure and publications, respectively. In addition, leveraging variation in relationship status at the time expectations are reported, we show that: conditional on gender, (1) expectations regarding tenure and publications do not differ systematically by relationship status, and (2) the predictive power of expectations does not differ by the relationship status of the individual." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Degrees of demand: a task-based analysis of the British graduate labour market (2025)
Zitatform
Henseke, Golo, Alan Felstead, Duncan Gallie & Francis Green (2025): Degrees of demand: a task-based analysis of the British graduate labour market. In: Oxford economic papers, Jg. 77, H. 1, S. 144-165. DOI:10.1093/oep/gpae020
Abstract
"This study investigates the evolving demand for graduate skills in the British workforce, leveraging a task-based approach with data from the Skills and Employment Survey Series. Focused on the changing importance of job tasks related to graduate skills, the research explores the mapping of these tasks to educational attainment, discerns the price employers pay for tasks requiring graduate skills, and addresses regional variation in graduate supply and demand. Despite a slowing growth of graduate skills requirements post-2006, we find a stable assignment of graduate education with job tasks and an overall flat task price related to graduate skills requirements. We present regional evidence showing education expansion rather than exogenous factors drove high-skills demand, balancing the development of supply and demand in the British graduate labour market over 1997–2017." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Horses for Courses: Subject Differences in the Chances of Securing Different Types of Graduate Jobs in the UK (2025)
Zitatform
Hunt, Wil, B. Baldauf & C. Lyonette (2025): Horses for Courses: Subject Differences in the Chances of Securing Different Types of Graduate Jobs in the UK. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 54, H. 1, S. 228-248. DOI:10.1017/S0047279423000041
Abstract
"Analysis of the 2010/11 Longitudinal Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education survey shows that overly-simplistic conceptions of graduate success underestimate the value of obtaining a degree in some subjects. Using a skills-based classification of graduate jobs the research finds that maths and vocationally-oriented subjects associated with higher earnings returns (Belfield et al., 2018a, 2018b) – engineering, architecture, computer science and nursing – increase the chances of having an ‘Expert’ job compared to the average for all graduates. However, more generalist subjects that have been linked with lower earnings such as creative arts, languages and mass communication and documentation are better for accessing graduate jobs where creativity and ability to communicate is key. The research demonstrates the value of using a more nuanced conception of graduate jobs and shows that debate about the value of higher education needs to move away from a narrow focus on earnings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Preferences for Gender Diversity in High-Profile Jobs (2025)
Zitatform
Högn, Celina, Lea Mayer, Johannes Rincke & Erwin Winkler (2025): Preferences for Gender Diversity in High-Profile Jobs. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17750), Bonn, 39 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines preferences for gender diversity among co-workers. Using stated-choice experiments with 5,400 PhD students and university students in Germany, we uncover a substantial willingness to pay (WTP) for gender diversity of up to 5% of earnings on average. Importantly, we find that women have a much higher WTP for gender diversity than men. While the WTP differs by career ambition, competitiveness, and family preferences, we find that gender differences in traits and preferences cannot explain gender differences in the WTP for diversity. Our findings provide an explanation for differential sorting of men and women into high-profile jobs based on the share of female co-workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Getting Back on Track: Student Migration From India to Germany as a Route to Desirable Employment (2025)
Zitatform
Jayadeva, Sazana (2025): Getting Back on Track: Student Migration From India to Germany as a Route to Desirable Employment. In: Sociological research online, S. 1-17. DOI:10.1177/13607804251341728
Abstract
"This article examines the rising postgraduate-level student migration of Indian engineers to Germany, drawing on interviews with 42 Indians who were applying to, currently pursuing, or had recently graduated from engineering Master’s degrees in Germany. It illustrates how the affordable cost of study in Germany had made postgraduate study abroad a feasible strategy for the study participants to escape the unfavorable job market for graduates of engineering undergraduate programs in India, and attempt to realize their professional ambitions through acquiring post-study work experience at German engineering companies. Such work experience was viewed as having greater social currency in the Indian engineering job market, where most wished to return eventually, than overseas education credentials. Moreover, the article demonstrates how imaginings of Germany as an engineering superpower underpinned the value associated with gaining engineering work experience in the country. This case study shows how in contexts where international students anticipate that the portability of overseas education to a target labor market is uncertain, post-study work experience may be viewed as a safer form of cultural capital to accumulate. Acquiring post-study work experience abroad may then not just be a way to supplement overseas education credentials, as described in existing literature, but the primary motivator of study abroad. It also highlights how, in such contexts, place-based markers of distinction related to a country’s reputation in a particular occupational field can be more relevant in attracting international students than markers of distinction associated with the quality or prestige of its higher education institutions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Beyond Policy: The Odyssey of Implementing GEPs in European Academia (2025)
Zitatform
Kalpazidou Schmidt, Evanthia & Anna Vigsø Pedersen (2025): Beyond Policy: The Odyssey of Implementing GEPs in European Academia. In: Social Inclusion, Jg. 13. DOI:10.17645/si.9876
Abstract
"This article investigates the design and implementation of Gender Equality Plans (GEPs) across nine European universities within a university alliance, emphasizing the importance of context-specific interventions. It explores the diversity in GEPs’ content, structure, and implementation, as well as the organization of gender equality work, revealing how national policies, institutional priorities, and socio-cultural contexts shape these processes. Key challenges include gendered academic cultures, internal resistance, structural and organizational barriers, resource limitations, national commitment disparities, and deeply ingrained societal norms affecting gender equality. Drawing on complexity theory, this article advocates for gender-sensitive and context-aware frameworks to navigate the non-linear nature of institutional interventions in academia across diverse settings. Moreover, it offers insights into the implementation of GEPs within university alliances, a context underexplored in the literature. By examining the dynamics of GEP implementation across multiple institutions within a collaborative framework, the article uniquely contributes to understanding how alliances facilitate knowledge exchange, resource sharing, and collective learning, enhancing institutional capacity and fostering synergies to more effectively address gender inequalities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Retention in the early STEM career: The role of gendered intentions and first STEM employment (2025)
Zitatform
Karen, Rachel, Rui Jie Peng & Jennifer Glass (2025): Retention in the early STEM career: The role of gendered intentions and first STEM employment. In: Social science research, Jg. 128. DOI:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103161
Abstract
"There have been numerous policy initiatives and federal investments in the United States over the past twenty years to increase the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) labor force. Prior research has investigated how STEM career aspirations are formed, and how experiences in STEM workplaces influence retention in a STEM career. This study uses a unique longitudinal dataset that surveyed graduating chemistry and chemical engineering majors at two prestigious universities in the United States, following up with those graduates four years later. This data allows us to observe processes that create intentions to remain in STEM while still in school, along with actual retention in the STEM workforce four years after graduation. Results indicate that while intentions to remain in STEM help predict actual retention, they do so primarily by increasing the likelihood STEM graduates’ first job will be in a STEM field. While we saw little gender or race differences in early retention, we did find evidence that those whose first job was not in STEM and those changing jobs more frequently were less likely to be retained in the STEM labor force. Moreover, those who never worked in the STEM sector or left a STEM job in their early career earned more money on average four years after graduation than those who were retained in STEM jobs. This suggests STEM graduates are finding their skills can command higher earnings over time in non-STEM employment sectors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
- Beschäftigungssituation von Akademiker/innen
- Teilarbeitsmärkte für Akademiker/innen
- Besondere Personengruppen und Aspekte