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Schwanhäuser, Silvia & Lukas Olbrich (2024): Data quality control in the 6th wave of the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees, samples M3-M6. (SOEP Survey Papers. Series C 1334), Berlin, 7 S.

Abstract

"In face-to-face surveys, interviewers take on many key tasks. They contact households and target persons, encourage them to participate in the survey and conduct standardized interviews. In some cases, however, interviewers may deviate from specified guidelines when performing this task, which in turn can affect the quality of the data. In order to minimise the risk of deviant interviewer behavior in interviews, data quality controls are implemented throughout the entire survey period of the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees (Brücker et al. 2017). This enables follow-up interviewer training and feedback discussions, and to identify anomalies at an early stage. Such controls have been in place since the first survey wave (see Kosyakova et al. 2019, Olbrich et al. 2020). Through the use of these quality controls, it was found that some interviews did not meet the high-quality standards of the survey. Several analyses indicated that a total of three interviewers had failed to carry out individual interviews properly. It was therefore decided to remove these interviews from the dataset. This decision was taken in close cooperation with the project partners (IAB, BAMF, and SOEP) as well as the survey organisation (infas). The following report documents this decision and presents the findings that led to this decision being taken." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Tubergen, Frank van, Irena Kogan, Yuliya Kosyakova & Steffen Pötzschke (2024): Self-selection of Ukrainian refugees and displaced persons in Europe. In: Journal of Refugee Studies, Jg. 37, H. 1, S. 72-96., 2023-11-09. DOI:10.1093/jrs/fead089

Abstract

"The literature on migrants’ self-selection is focused on labour migrants, while little is known about refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs). We contribute to this scant literature, by (1) examining a broad set of factors that could determine self-selection, (2) contrasting selfselection profiles of refugees and IDPs, and (3) comparing self-selection profiles of refugees across countries. Specifically, we compare the self-selection profiles of Ukrainian refugees and IDPs with stayers in the months directly following the Russian full-scale invasion in February 2022. We draw on unique, cross-nationally comparative data from the OneUA project, which surveyed Ukrainian refugees and displaced persons in Europe as well as those who stayed in Ukraine in the summer of 2022. More than 24,000 Ukrainian women residing in nine countries participated in this survey. We find systematic empirical patterns of self-selection related to people’s region of origin, family status, and individual-level characteristics." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Oxford University Press) ((en))

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Aerne, Annatina & Giuliano Bonoli (2023): Integration through vocational training. Promoting refugees' access to apprenticeships in a collective skill formation system. In: Journal of vocational education and training, Jg. 75, H. 3, S. 419-438. DOI:10.1080/13636820.2021.1894219

Abstract

"With this paper we want to contribute to the debate on the usage of vocational training as a tool to promote the integration of disadvantaged groups. We focus in particular on programmes that target refugees and highlight the organisational and coordination challenges that must be addressed in order to develop such programmes. Relying on knowledge developed by scholars of collective skill formation and by those who have studied policy coordination, we develop a number of hypotheses that can account for the successful implementation of this type of programmes. We then test our hypotheses against an example taken from Switzerland, consisting of a one-year pre-apprenticeship dual training programme adopted in 2018. We argue that its win-win quality, the flexibility with which it was managed and possibly also the political salience of the issue of refugee integration at the time, were the key factors explaining its successful adoption." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Aigner, Petra & Almina Bešić (2023): Left to Their Own Devices: Refugees’ Labour-Market Integration Challenges in Austria during the Covid-19 Pandemic. In: M.-L. Jakobson, R. King, L. Moroşanu & R. Vetik (Hrsg.) (2023): Anxieties of Migration and Integration in Turbulent Times, S. 77-93. DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-23996-0_5

Abstract

"Labour-market integration is understood as an important pillar in the successful integration processes of refugees into host societies. In the European Union at large and in Austria specifically, refugee integration processes regarding societies and the labour market have become hotly debated topics in public and scholarly debates. Focusing on Austria, this chapter analyses challenges and barriers to labour-market integration of refugees in crisis and beyond. Results from interviews with refugees indicate three areas of the pandemic’s impact: on employment search processes of refugees; the effect of digitalisation of communication; and increased feelings of disorientation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Akdemir, Nevra, Johanna Elle, Elke Grittmann, Sabine Hess, Ulrike Koopmann, Daniela Müller, Helen Schwenken, H. Pınar Şenoğuz & Johanna Ullmann (2023): Gender, Flucht, Aufnahmepolitiken. Die vergeschlechtlichte In- und Exklusion geflüchteter Frauen. (Migrationsgesellschaften), Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, VI, 267 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-40688-2

Abstract

"Flucht- und Aufnahmeprozesse sind durchzogen von geschlechtsspezifischen und intersektionalen Dynamiken. Die Autorinnen haben diese und das darin zu Tage tretende Geschlechterwissen im Verbundforschungsprojekt „Gender – Flucht – Aufnahmepolitiken“ für die Themen Unterbringung, Gewaltschutz, Erwerbstätigkeit, Medien, Familie, ‚Heimischwerden' und Solidarität analysiert. Die migrationsbezogene Infrastruktur hat sich in der deutschen Migrationsgesellschaft auf die Bedarfe von Geflüchteten eingestellt. Geflüchtete machen mit den Angeboten vielfältige Erfahrungen, die von hilfreicher und solidarischer Unterstützung über wenig angepasste Angebote bis zu Exklusion und Diskriminierung reichen. Die rahmende Medienanalyse zeigt, wie tief die öffentliche und mediale Rezeption der sogenannten „Flüchtlingskrise“ durch vergeschlechtlichte Narrative geprägt ist, und wie diese die kommunale und ehrenamtliche Arbeit mit Geflüchteten mitprägen. Der Band richtet sich an Interessierte aus Studium, Forschung und Praxis, die sich mit Flucht, Migration und/oder Geschlechterverhältnissen befassen. Die Autorinnen Nevra Akdemir, Institut für Migrationsforschung und Interkulturelle Studien, Universität Osnabrück, arbeitet zu Geographien von Arbeit und Migration. Johanna Elle, Institut für Kulturanthropologie und Europäische Ethnologie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, forscht partizipativ zu Intersektionalität und Migration. Elke Grittmann, Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal, forscht kommunikationswissenschaftlich zu Geschlecht, Ungleichheit und Erinnerung. Sabine Hess, Institut für Kulturanthropologie und Europäische Ethnologie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, arbeitet zu Migrations- und Grenzregimen. Ulrike Koopmann, International University, Düsseldorf, forscht zu Geschlechter- und Familienverhältnissen und Zugehörigkeitsordnungen. Daniela Müller, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, arbeitet zu Medien und Migration. Helen Schwenken, Institut für Migrationsforschung und Interkulturelle Studien, Universität Osnabrück, forscht zu Geschlecht und Migration. H. Pinar Senoguz, DaMigra, arbeitet zu Flucht und home making und Grenzräumen. Johanna Ullmann, Institut für Migrationsforschung und Interkulturelle Studien, Universität Osnabrück, forscht zu Migration und Intersektionalität." (Verlagsangaben)

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Akdemir, Nevra (2023): „Ich konnte einen Job finden, als ich vergaß, wer ich war und was meine Erfahrung war.“ Statusverlust von hochqualifizierten geflüchteten Frauen* auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt. In: N. Akdemir et al. (Hrsg.) (2023): Gender, Flucht, Aufnahmepolitiken. Die vergeschlechtlichte In- und Exklusion geflüchteter Frauen, S. 157-181. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-40688-2_5

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Aksoy, Cevat Giray, Panu Poutvaara & Felicitas Schikora (2023): Schulterschluss oder Sackgasse – gelingt Europa eine wirksame Asyl- und Integrationspolitik? In: Ifo-Schnelldienst, Jg. 10, H. 76, S. 3-28.

Abstract

"Der jüngste Asylkompromiss der Europäischen Union verabschiedet sich vom Dublin-System und sieht eine gleichmäßigere Verteilung der Geflüchteten in der gesamten EU vor. Parallel werden Abkommen mit Ländern wie Tunesien geschlossen, um die Migrationsbewegungen bereits außerhalb der EU zu beeinflussen. Aber lösen diese Abkommen die aktuellen Probleme? Und was passiert in den EU-Ländern, wenn die Geflüchteten da sind? In Deutschland sehen sich Kommunen an ihren Belastungsgrenzen. Die administrativen Prozesse verlaufen zu kompliziert und zu langwierig. Die Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt – wo möglich – verläuft teils schleppender als in anderen EU-Ländern. Dabei zeigen Studien, dass die Erwerbsbeteiligung ein wichtiger Schritt für die Integration ist. Wie kann die Integrationspolitik also verbessert werden?" (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Al Husein, Nawras & Natascha Wagner (2023): Determinants of Intended Return Migration among Refugees: A Comparison of Syrian Refugees in Germany and Turkey. In: International migration review, Jg. 57, H. 4, S. 1771-1805. DOI:10.1177/01979183221142780

Abstract

"Little is known about whether Syrian refugees intend to return to their origin-country and what affects their return migration intentions. We introduce a theoretical framework for voluntary return, identify the refugees' decision-making context, and empirically assess the model with a sample of 577 Syrian refugees living in Germany and Turkey in 2018. Three return scenarios were presented in the survey: (i) returning to Syria within two years, (ii) returning when Syria is as safe as before the civil war, and (iii) ever returning. The three scenarios were conceived very differently by the refugees, highlighting the dynamic nature and context dependency of the concept of voluntary return. Syrian refugees in Turkey were more likely to regard their stay as temporary (76 percent), compared to those in Germany (55 percent, p-value of difference = .000). Similarly, structural factors of the origin- and host-countries, that is, the origin-governorate and the current location, were considerably influencing return intentions. Concerning individual factors, female and highly educated refugees had a lower willingness to return. Those who were married were less inclined to return in the short run, yet refugees who self-identified as poor indicated their desired return in the long run. We also analyzed whether random exposure to information regarding return impacted refugees' intentions. We found a negative, albeit insignificant, impact of information, suggesting that host governments cannot expect (rapid) information dissemination to impact refugees' decision-making about voluntary return. Our findings underscore that neither proximate nor distant host-countries should bank on the speedy return of the Syrian refugees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Albrecht, Pauline (2023): Berufsvorbereitung und Anschlussverläufe. Sichtweisen, Erfahrungen, Wahrnehmungen von jungen Geflüchteten und Expert*innen. (Inklusion und Bildung in Migrationsgesellschaften), Wiesbaden: Springer, 271 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-40959-3

Abstract

"Pauline Albrecht untersucht in ihrer Studie den Übergang junger Geflüchteter in den Arbeitsmarkt und verknüpft hiermit die Berufsbildungs- mit der Migrationsforschung. Am Forschungsstil der Grounded Theory orientiert werden Bildungs- und Erwerbsbiografien junger Menschen, die das Berliner Übergangssystem durchlaufen haben, rekonstruiert. Ausgehend von berufsvorbereitenden Angeboten werden Anschlussverläufe von geflüchteten Jugendlichen erforscht. Die subjektive Perspektive der jungen Fluchtmigrant*innen zeigt differenzierte Wahrnehmungs- und Umgangsweisen in der Auseinandersetzung mit dem Bildungs- und Ausbildungssystem, wohingegen die institutionelle Perspektive der pädagogischen Fachkräfte unterschiedliche Anforderungen an die jungen Menschen heranträgt und somit systemische Bedingungen der Berufsvorbereitung aufrechterhält. Die Frage, wie sich Anschlussverläufe aus der Berufsvorbereitung entwickeln, wird hinsichtlich einer Perspektivengegenüberstellung aufgegriffen. Zum Teil zeigen sich hier Überschneidungen sowie positive Passungsverhältnisse, jedoch auch Gegensätzlichkeiten und Widersprüche. Die Studie schließt eine erziehungswissenschaftliche Forschungslücke hinsichtlich des Übergangs junger Menschen mit Fluchthintergrund in den ersten Arbeitsmarkt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Springer)

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Aleynikova, Ekaterina & Max Mosley (2023): The Economic and Social Impacts of Lifting Work Restrictions on People Seeking Asylum. (NIESR discussion paper 549), London, 16 S.

Abstract

"This mixed-methods NIESR discussion paper estimates the economic and social impacts of lifting the right-to-work restriction on people seeking asylum in the UK. This is the first paper to simulate the effect of lifting this restriction with the use of a state-of-the-art macroeconomic model which allows us to estimate this outcome in a more holistic manner." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Andersen, Henrik L., Liv Osland & Meng Le Zhang (2023): Labour market integration of refugees and the importance of the neighbourhood: Norwegian quasi-experimental evidence. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 57. DOI:10.1186/s12651-023-00341-y

Abstract

"This paper exploits a quasi-experimental feature of the Norwegian spatial dispersal policy for UNHCR quota refugees, which leads to nearly as-if random initial residential settlement of the refugees. In this framework, we study if there are positive long-run employment consequences of being assigned to neighbourhoods with higher residential labour force participation rates. Our results show a positive and statistically significant relationship between the initial neighbourhood participation rates and refugee labour market outcomes, but these overall effects are substantively small: A one standard deviation higher participation rate in the initial neighbourhood is associated with an 1.2%-point increase in the refugees' later employment probability. However, our subgroup analysis shows substantial effects around 2.6%-points for men older than 25 years at the time of entry to Norway. In comparison, the point estimates for women and persons younger than 25 years at the time of arrival are close to zero and statistically insignificant." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Andriyiv, Vasyl M., Denys H. Sevryukov, Volodymyr O. Havrylyuk, Vita V. Shal & Daryna V. Svitovenko (2023): Challenges and practical aspects of obtaining temporary protection in EU countries and the impact of obtaining protection on the right to work. In: International Migration, Jg. 61, H. 5, S. 173-185. DOI:10.1111/imig.13120

Abstract

"In general, the situation that has developed in Ukraine on the border with the European Union shows that despite the long history of the UN and the agreement of states to resolve all conflicts through negotiations, the prohibition of the use of force and threat of force, respect for the independence of other states, there are still terrorist states in the world that do not recognize and violate international law. Thus, the states that follow the norms and principles of international law, respect the key European values, support and protect human rights and peace on the continent must unite to overcome armed aggression. That is why the granting of temporary protection to Ukrainian citizens is an important issue, as it is one of the EU's significant contributions to the protection of the identity of the Ukrainian people, who are fighting for their independence. The purpose of the article was to study the peculiarities of obtaining temporary protection in the EU, to compare it with refugee status, to analyse the approaches to this procedure in individual states, as well as to determine the impact of obtaining the relevant status on the realization of the fundamental right to work. The main method used for the research is the method of analysis and synthesis. Its application provided reliable results in many areas of research. First of all, this method was applied in the analysis of EU and international law in the context of granting refugee status and temporary protection. Also, the method of analysis and synthesis was used by the author in the study of the peculiarities of temporary protection in individual Member States. Finally, the author used this method to analyse the problems currently faced by Ukrainian citizens and their possible solutions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Arendt, Jacob Nielsen & Iben Bolvig (2023): Trade-offs between work-first and language-first strategies for refugees. In: Economics of Education Review, Jg. 92. DOI:10.1016/j.econedurev.2022.102353

Abstract

"This study investigates how local integration strategies that prioritize a work-first approach affect refugee's participation in language courses and their medium run labor market outcomes. We utilize a gradual rollout of the work-first approach (on-the-job training within the first year after arrival) combined with a dispersal policy of refugees across municipalities in Denmark. We find that being placed in municipalities emphasizing the work-first approach is positively associated with later employment and earnings but show that the associations are temporary. A higher local propensity to use the work-first approach is negatively related to time spent in language courses, level of courses completed and the grade point average for language course exam attendees. We discuss whether the reduced language course attendance could be an explanation of the lack of a persistent labor market effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))

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Arendt, Jacob Nielsen, Christian Dustmann & Hyejin Ku (2023): Permanent Residency and Refugee Immigrants' Skill Investment. (CESifo working paper 10579), München, 46 S.

Abstract

"We analyze an immigration reform in Denmark that tightened refugee immigrants' eligibility criteria for permanent residency to incentivize their labor market attachment and acquisition of local language skills. Contrary to what the reform intended, the overall employment of those affected decreased while their average language proficiency remained largely unchanged. This was caused by a disincentive effect, where individuals with low pre-reform labor market performance reduced their labor supply. Our findings suggest that stricter permanent residency rules, rather than incentivizing refugees' skill investment, may decrease the efforts of those who believe they cannot meet the new requirements." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Aslund, Olof, Linus Liljeberg & Sara Roman (2023): The long-term integration of European refugees. Swedish experiences after the Yugoslav Wars. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2023,16), Uppsala, 35 S.

Abstract

"We study the short- and long-term economic and social integration of European war refugees. The population under study left former Yugoslavia for Sweden in the early 1990s. In the first years, there were significant human capital investments in language training, adult education, and active labor market programs. The Yugoslav refugees then exhibited a remarkably sharp increase in employment and earnings, possibly helped by improving labor markets and pre-existing contacts in Sweden. Many entered jobs in manufacturing and service industries and remained there to a considerable extent. Among those above 50 at arrival, labor market outcomes were not as good. Despite strong development during the early years, the long-term labor market position of the Yugoslavs is broadly on par with previous cohorts of refugees. Residential segregation first increased and then declined, whereas workplace segregation was most marked among the early entrants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bauer, Anja, Mario Bossler, Herbert Brücker, Kseniia Gatskova, Nicole Gürtzgen, Timon Hellwagner, Markus Hummel, Susanne Kohaut, Yuliya Kosyakova, Alexander Kubis, Michael Oberfichtner, Martin Popp, Jens Stegmaier, Susanne Wanger, Enzo Weber, Antje Weyh & Gerd Zika (2023): Einschätzungen zur Entwicklung des deutschen Arbeitsmarkts. Stellungnahme des IAB zur Anhörung beim Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung am 13.10.2023. (IAB-Stellungnahme 07/2023), Nürnberg, 26 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.SN.2307

Abstract

"Zur Vorbereitung des Jahresgutachtens 2023/2024 des Sachverständigenrats zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung wurde das IAB um seine Expertise zur Situation und Entwicklung des deutschen Arbeitsmarkts, einschließlich hinsichtlich der Integration der Geflüchteten aus der Ukraine, der Rolle von Arbeitskräfteengpässen und der Entwicklung der Kurzarbeit, sowie um eine Einschätzung der Tarifabschlüsse und Auswirkungen von Insolvenzen gebeten. Die Erkenntnisse, die das IAB im Herbst 2023 hierzu vorgelegt hat, werden in der vorliegenden Stellungnahme zusammengefasst." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Berdiev, Aziz N. (2023): Finding refuge underground: effects of refugee inflows on the shadow economy. In: Applied Economics Letters, Jg. 30, H. 1, S. 84-91. DOI:10.1080/13504851.2021.1976379

Abstract

"This paper analyzes the effect of refugee inflows on the shadow, or underground, economy of host nations using panel data for 120 countries over the 1991–2017 period. The results show that refugee inflows increase the size of the shadow economy, particularly in low- and middle-income countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bernert-Bürkle, Andrea, Paolo Federighi & Francesca Torlone (Hrsg.) (2023): The Fast Track Labour Market Integration of Immigrants. Work-related Learning of Culture, Language and Profession. Bielefeld: wbv Publikation, 142 S. DOI:10.3278/9783763966899

Abstract

"Vorgestellt werden Ergebnisse des europäischen Modellprojekts TALENTS zur schnellen Integration von Migrant:innen und Geflüchteten in den ersten Arbeitsmarkt. Ausgehend von der Idee, dass Teilhabe am Arbeitsmarkt die gesellschaftliche Integration fördert, verbindet das Trainingsmodell Arbeitserfahrungen in Betriebspraktika mit sprachlichen, kulturellen und beruflichen Inhalten, die im Klassenverband erlernt werden. Die Autor:innen evaluieren die Ergebnisse des Trainingsmodells aus drei Jahren in Norwegen, Schweden und Deutschland. Die ausgewerteten Daten spiegeln die Erfahrungen von 400 Teilnehmenden. 20 Fallstudien ermöglichen detaillierte Analysen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Bratu, Cristina, Linna Martén & Lillit Ottosson (2023): Individualized Benefits And Access To Active Labor Market Programs Boost Refugee Women's Economic Integration. (Working paper / Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI) 2023,03), Stockholm, 16 S.

Abstract

"The economic and social integration of refugees is a key policy concern. The situation of refugee women is particularly challenging, as many never enter the labor force. We study a reform of the Swedish integration program that aimed to tackle this issue by increasing women’s participation in and access to active labor market programs. Using administrative data and a regression discontinuity design, we show that the reform resulted in lasting improvements in women’s earnings and employment. We find no effects for men. Additional analyses suggest that individualizing benefits and early registration with the Public Employment Service are key mechanisms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Brücker, Herbert, Philipp Jaschke, Yuliya Kosyakova & Ehsan Vallizadeh (2023): Entwicklung der Arbeitsmarktintegration seit Ankunft in Deutschland: Erwerbstätigkeit und Löhne von Geflüchteten steigen deutlich. (IAB-Kurzbericht 13/2023), Nürnberg, 8 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2313

Abstract

"Zum Jahresende 2022 lebten in Deutschland (die seit Beginn des russischen Angriffskriegs geflohenen ukrainischen Staatsangehörigen nicht mitgezählt) knapp 2,2 Millionen Menschen, die als Schutzsuchende gekommen sind. Die große Mehrheit hat anerkannte Schutzansprüche und beabsichtigt, in Deutschland zu bleiben. Die erfolgreiche Integration dieser Schutzsuchenden ist von hoher Relevanz für Arbeitsmarkt, Sozialstaat, Gesellschaft und Politik. Es wird untersucht, wie sich Arbeitsmarktintegration, Leistungsbezug und Bildungserwerb der bis 2019 zugezogenen Schutzsuchenden entwickelt haben, um Schlussfolgerungen für die weiteren Erwerbsverläufe dieser Gruppe und auch der später zugezogenen Geflüchteten zu ziehen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)