Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten – Bildung und Arbeitsmarkt
Auf der Flucht vor Krieg und politischer Verfolgung verlassen viele Menschen ihr Heimatland und suchen Schutz und neue Perspektiven in Deutschland und beantragen Asyl. Die Beteiligung am Arbeitsmarkt wird häufig als Schlüssel für die gesellschaftliche Integration der Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten gesehen.
Welche Qualifikationen bringen die Menschen mit, welche arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen sind hilfreich? Wie gehen die einzelnen Bundesländer damit um, welche Auswirkungen auf die deutsche Wirtschaft und die Sozialsysteme sind zu erwarten, wie sieht die Situation in anderen Ländern aus?
Dieses Themendossier stellt wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zum Thema zusammen und ermöglicht den Zugang zu weiterführenden Informationen sowie zu Positionen der politischen Akteure.
Literatur zur besonderen Situation der Geflüchteten aus der Ukraine finden Sie im
Themendossier Auswirkungen des Krieges gegen die Ukraine auf Wirtschaft, Arbeitsmarkt und Fluchtmigration in Deutschland
- Literatur und Forschung aus dem IAB
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Zur Situation in Deutschland
- Positionen und Stellungnahmen
- zur Rechtslage
- Bildungstand und -förderung / Anerkennung von Qualifikation
- betriebliche Berufsausbildung/Berufsorientierung
- Studium
- Arbeitsmarktintegration, Maßnahmen und Programme
- Betriebe und Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Erwerbstätigkeit und Arbeitslosigkeit
- Geflüchtete im SGB II
- Löhne
- Arbeitsmarkteffekte der Flüchtlingszuwanderung
- Regionale Aspekte, Wohnsitzauflage
- Rückwanderung
- Daten und Statistik
- Quellen mit Unterscheidung nach Herkunftsregion
- Quellen mit Geschlechtsbezug
- Quellen mit Altersbezug
- Quellen mit regionalem Bezug
- Zur Situation in anderen Ländern
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Literaturhinweis
Limits of Activation? Street-Level Responses to the 2015 Refugee Challenge in German Job Centers (2024)
Zitatform
Falkenhain, Mariella & Andreas Hirseland (2024): Limits of Activation? Street-Level Responses to the 2015 Refugee Challenge in German Job Centers. In: Journal of Immigrant and Refugee Studies online erschienen am 07.02.2024, S. 1-15. DOI:10.1080/15562948.2024.2313210
Abstract
"Frontline workers in host-country state organizations influence refugees’ life chances and social integration. Yet little is known about how the local organizational environment shapes the action orientations of street-level bureaucrats (SLBs). This article explores how German job centers and placement officers have responded to the unprecedented increase in refugee clients following the winter of 2015/16. Our findings suggest that new organizational structures motivate SLBs to interpret rules flexibly and do what works well. This pattern of authorized rule bending is relevant for overcoming the limits of activation and for the inclusion/exclusion of refugees as mediated by state bureaucracy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Taylor & Francis) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unequal access to protection? Selection patterns over arrival cohorts of Syrians seeking refuge in Lebanon, Turkey, and Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Gundacker, Lidwina, Sekou Keita & Simon A. Ruhnke (2024): Unequal access to protection? Selection patterns over arrival cohorts of Syrians seeking refuge in Lebanon, Turkey, and Germany. In: Frontiers in Human Dynamics, Jg. 5, S. 1-18., 2023-12-19. DOI:10.3389/fhumd.2023.1171885
Abstract
"An ample scholarly literature on voluntary migration has shown that migration is a highly selective process, resulting in migrant populations that often differ significantly from their respective population of origin in terms of their socio-demographic characteristics. The literature attributes these differences to either migrants' active choice and agency in the migration decision (i.e., self-selection), or to selectively applied external constraints. Although the socio-demographic make-up of forced migrant populations has received significant attention in public discourses in receiving countries such as Germany and Turkey, the literature on migrant selection largely focuses on voluntary migration and self-selection mechanisms. As a result, the selection mechanisms of forcibly displaced persons are less well-understood. Particularly in the context of forced migration, the conditions for migration fluctuate heavily within a relatively short time span, e.g., regarding immigration policies and border controls. In this study we contribute to that literature by exploring the changing conditions under which Syrians sought international humanitarian protection between 2013 and 2017 and linking them to the selection outcomes in three major receiving countries: Lebanon, Turkey, and Germany. Based on novel household survey data, we compare age, gender, socio-economic background, and family context of the Syrian populations in Lebanon, Turkey, and Germany by arrival cohort (2013–2017). In a narrative approach, we combinethe cohort analysis of Syrians in Lebanon, Turkey, and Germany with contextual analyses of the (changing) frameworks governing refugee migration in transit and destination countries and descriptive analyses of changing risk levels along migration routes into Europe. Our analyses reveal that higher external barriers coincide with a stronger selection in migrants' socio-demographic make-up. In particular, riskier routes and higher entry barriers are associated with a lower share of female migrants, a lower share traveling with family members, and a higher socio-economic background. In this study, we describe differences in forced migrants' selection outcomes in countries of first refuge neighboring the origin country, relative to a reception country in the global north. By establishing legal and political frameworks as well as the accessibility of routes as external barriers to forced migration we expand on the existing theoretical approaches to selection effects and identify a need for policy intervention to ensure equitable access to humanitarian protection." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Going from bad to worse? Well-being of Syrian refugees in Turkey in the aftermath of the February 2023 earthquakes (2024)
Zitatform
Ruhnke, Simon, Laura Hertner, Lidwina Gundacker & Simon Wagner (2024): Going from bad to worse? Well-being of Syrian refugees in Turkey in the aftermath of the February 2023 earthquakes. (BIM News Series / Berliner Institut für empirische Integrations- und Migrationsforschung 1), Berlin, 18 S. DOI:10.18452/28152
Abstract
"The series of earthquakes that shook South-East Turkey in February 2023 brought physical destruction to the region and affected an entire country. The data presented here illustrates how destruction, health risks and economic hardship are severely threatening the well-being of both host and Syrian communities in the earthquake region. Although the tremors of an earthquake do not adhere to the fault lines of social stratification, the impacts of such a natural disaster are nonetheless experienced differently by people, depending on their position in society. The pattern described in this contribution implies that Syrians who had sought refuge in Turkey because of the war in Syria were particularly vulnerable to the consequences of the natural disaster. We suggest that this disproportionally large effect is a result of three fundamental drivers. First, the social and economic disadvantages Syrians faced in Turkey prior to the earthquake resulted in living and housing conditions that made them particularly vulnerable to the destructive force of the earthquakes. Second, because of these pre-existing disadvantages, Syrians are more likely to lack resources such as financial assets and social security to cope with the consequences merging after the initial destruction. Third, rather than receiving the social and economic support that could help compensate for these two drivers of vulnerability, discrimination and exclusionary practices in aid provision pushed some Syrians into a state of vigilance and invisibility (Sevinin et al., 2023) that amplified the effects of the earthquakes. Further data and research are needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying the experience of the Syrian population after the earthquakes. Future public responses to natural disasters, in Turkey and beyond, need to take social stratifications into account and ensure that the more vulnerable groups, i.e., those more exposed to the forces of nature and equipped with fewer resources to cope with its aftermath, receive the support they need. Such responses should counteract social divisions that tend to emerge in the face of adversity and resource scarcity. If the disaster response instead reinforces social divisions in the distribution of resources, the situation of relatively disadvantaged groups, such as the refugee population in Turkey, can easily go from bad to worse." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Determinants of Intended Return Migration among Refugees: A Comparison of Syrian Refugees in Germany and Turkey (2023)
Zitatform
Al Husein, Nawras & Natascha Wagner (2023): Determinants of Intended Return Migration among Refugees: A Comparison of Syrian Refugees in Germany and Turkey. In: International migration review, Jg. 57, H. 4, S. 1771-1805. DOI:10.1177/01979183221142780
Abstract
"Little is known about whether Syrian refugees intend to return to their origin-country and what affects their return migration intentions. We introduce a theoretical framework for voluntary return, identify the refugees' decision-making context, and empirically assess the model with a sample of 577 Syrian refugees living in Germany and Turkey in 2018. Three return scenarios were presented in the survey: (i) returning to Syria within two years, (ii) returning when Syria is as safe as before the civil war, and (iii) ever returning. The three scenarios were conceived very differently by the refugees, highlighting the dynamic nature and context dependency of the concept of voluntary return. Syrian refugees in Turkey were more likely to regard their stay as temporary (76 percent), compared to those in Germany (55 percent, p-value of difference = .000). Similarly, structural factors of the origin- and host-countries, that is, the origin-governorate and the current location, were considerably influencing return intentions. Concerning individual factors, female and highly educated refugees had a lower willingness to return. Those who were married were less inclined to return in the short run, yet refugees who self-identified as poor indicated their desired return in the long run. We also analyzed whether random exposure to information regarding return impacted refugees' intentions. We found a negative, albeit insignificant, impact of information, suggesting that host governments cannot expect (rapid) information dissemination to impact refugees' decision-making about voluntary return. Our findings underscore that neither proximate nor distant host-countries should bank on the speedy return of the Syrian refugees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Refugee Paradox During Wartime in Europe: How Ukrainian and Afghan Refugees are (not) Alike (2023)
Zitatform
De Coninck, David (2023): The Refugee Paradox During Wartime in Europe: How Ukrainian and Afghan Refugees are (not) Alike. In: International migration review, Jg. 57, H. 2, S. 578-586. DOI:10.1177/01979183221116874
Abstract
"Since Russia invaded Ukraine in March 2022, Ukrainians have been displaced from their country in record pace and in massive numbers. Although some have been displaced within Ukraine, most have fled to Poland, Moldova, and other European countries. The European and American public's reaction to these large refugee numbers has been overwhelmingly positive, with outpourings of humanitarianism and solidarity. This reaction stands in stark contrast with the apprehensive and rather negative reactions from Europeans toward Afghan refugees following the Taliban's violent takeover in May 2021. In this IMR Dispatch from the Field, I reflect on the similarities and differences in reactions to Ukrainian refugees in the current crisis and Afghan refugees following the Taliban takeover in May 2021. Despite important similarities between these two refugee groups, there are, I argue, various reasons why the European and American public may feel closer to Ukrainian than Afghan refugees or why they perceive the former to be more deserving of aid. I highlight the role of symbolic threat, a conscience collective, and ethnicity. Furthermore, the looming fear of the aggressor in this conflict (Russia) may play a larger role in the European and American public's reactions than in other refugee crises." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Raus aus der (gefühlten) Ohnmacht? Geflüchtete erleben ihr Ankommen in Deutschland als eine immense Herausforderung (2023)
Landauer, Philipp;Zitatform
Landauer, Philipp (2023): Raus aus der (gefühlten) Ohnmacht? Geflüchtete erleben ihr Ankommen in Deutschland als eine immense Herausforderung. In: IAB-Forum H. 05.01.2023 Nürnberg. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20230105.01
Abstract
"Ob es Geflüchteten gelingt, in einer neuen Gesellschaft anzukommen, hängt sowohl von ihnen selbst als auch von den Einheimischen ab. Anhand von Erzählungen Geflüchteter verdeutlicht eine IAB-Studie, dass diese den schwierigen Prozess des Ankommens vor allem als ein stetes Ringen um Handlungsfähigkeit erleben – mit individuell höchst unterschiedlichem Erfolg." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Religious responses to existential insecurity: Conflict intensity in the region of birth increases praying among refugees (2023)
Zitatform
Tubergen, Frank van, Yuliya Kosyakova & Agnieszka Kanas (2023): Religious responses to existential insecurity: Conflict intensity in the region of birth increases praying among refugees. In: Social science research, Jg. 113, 2023-04-13. DOI:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102895
Abstract
"Do violent conflicts increase religiosity? This study draws on evidence from a large-scale survey among refugees from Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria in Germany linked with data on time-varying conflict intensity in refugees' birth regions before the survey interview. The results show that the greater the number of conflict-induced fatalities in the period before the interview, the more often refugees pray. The relationship between conflict and praying holds equally across demographic subgroups. Evidence suggests that both short- and long-term cumulative fatalities in refugees' birth regions affect how often they pray. Additionally, the link between conflict and praying is stronger for refugees with family and relatives still living in their country of origin. Finally, we show that the conflicts that matter are those occurring within the refugees’ specific region of birth rather than in other regions in the country. Implications for existential insecurity theory and cultural evolutionary theory are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wie gelingt der berufliche Einstieg von geflüchteten und migrierten Lehrkräften in Deutschland?: Theoretische und konzeptionelle Überlegungen, Erfahrungen und Handlungsbedarfe (2023)
Wojciechowicz, Anna Aleksandra; Rüdiger, Marie; Gonzalez Olivo, Diana; Vock, Miriam;Zitatform
Wojciechowicz, Anna Aleksandra, Miriam Vock, Diana Gonzalez Olivo & Marie Rüdiger (Hrsg.) (2023): Wie gelingt der berufliche Einstieg von geflüchteten und migrierten Lehrkräften in Deutschland? Theoretische und konzeptionelle Überlegungen, Erfahrungen und Handlungsbedarfe. Weinheim: Juventa Verlag, 411 S.
Abstract
"Der Band befasst sich mit Qualifizierungswegen von Lehrkräften, die ihre Ausbildung in einem anderen Land durchlaufen haben und nun wieder als Lehrkraft arbeiten wollen. Um als zugewanderte*r Lehrer*in den Berufseinstieg in Deutschland zu schaffen, sind Nachqualifizierung und spezifische Unterstützung erforderlich. Seit einigen Jahren wurden an Hochschulen in Deutschland entsprechende Programme aufgebaut. Doch was wissen wir über diese Lehrkräfte und die Qualifizierungsprogramme? Welche Hürden bestehen beim Einstieg in den Schuldienst? Aus einer interdisziplinären Perspektive erschließt das Buch dieses neue Forschungs- und Praxisfeld der Lehrer*innen-Bildung." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis -
Literaturhinweis
The Social Integration of International Migrants: Evidence from the Networks of Syrians in Germany (2022)
Bailey, Michael; Johnston, Drew ; Kuchler, Theresa; Russel, Dominic; Stroebel, Johannes; Koenen, Martin;Zitatform
Bailey, Michael, Drew Johnston, Martin Koenen, Theresa Kuchler, Dominic Russel & Johannes Stroebel (2022): The Social Integration of International Migrants: Evidence from the Networks of Syrians in Germany. (CESifo working paper 9680), München, 76 S.
Abstract
"We use de-identified data from Facebook to study the social integration of Syrian migrants in Germany, a country that received a large influx of refugees during the Syrian Civil War. We construct measures of migrants' social integration based on Syrians' friendship links to Germans, their use of the German language, and their participation in local social groups. We find large variation in Syrians' social integration across German counties, and use a movers' research design to document that these differences are largely due to causal effects of place. Regional differences in the social integration of Syrians are shaped both by the rate at which German natives befriend other locals in general (general friendliness) and the relative rate at which they befriend local Syrian migrants versus German natives (relative friending). We follow the friending behavior of Germans that move across locations to show that both general friendliness and relative friending are more strongly affected by place-based effects such as local institutions than by persistent individual characteristics of natives (e.g., attitudes toward neighbors or migrants). Relative friending is higher in areas with lower unemployment and more completed government-sponsored integration courses. Using variation in teacher availability as an instrument, we find that integration courses had a substantial causal effect on the social integration of Syrian migrants. We also use fluctuations in the presence of Syrian migrants across high school cohorts to show that natives with quasi-random expo-sure to Syrians in school are more likely to befriend other Syrian migrants in other settings, suggesting that contact between groups can shape subsequent attitudes towards migrants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitsintegrationsverläufe syrischer Geflüchteter in Deutschland: Eine Typologie der Bedingungen und Wechselwirkungen im Zeitverlauf (2022)
Bernhard, Stefan; Röhrer, Stefan;Zitatform
Bernhard, Stefan & Stefan Röhrer (2022): Arbeitsintegrationsverläufe syrischer Geflüchteter in Deutschland. Eine Typologie der Bedingungen und Wechselwirkungen im Zeitverlauf. In: Sozialer Fortschritt, Jg. 71, H. 2, S. 79-96., 2021-03-09. DOI:10.3790/sfo.71.2.79
Abstract
"Wo stehen Geflüchtete fünf Jahre nach der Einreise hinsichtlich ihrer Arbeitsmarktintegration? Der vorliegende Beitrag nähert sich dieser Fragestellung aus einer biografischen und prozessorientierten Längsschnittperspektive. Die Geflüchteten sehen sich der denkbar großen Aufgabe gegenüber, in einer herausfordernden Lebensphase und ausgestattet mit knappen Ressourcen einen Platz in einem gänzlich unbekannten Umfeld zu finden. Auf Basis von zwei narrativbiografischen Befragungswellen mit Geflüchteten aus Syrien wird gezeigt, dass sich bei diesen Suchprozessen vier typische Verlaufsmuster der Arbeitsmarktintegration herausbilden, die auf die Fluchtpunkte Exklusion, erwerbsbezogene Marginalisierung, Re-Normalisierung und Chancenorientierung zulaufen. Wir beleuchten Bedingungskonstellationen und Dynamiken, die den Arbeitsmarktintegrationsverläufen unterliegen und ihnen Dauerhaftigkeit verleihen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Röhrer, Stefan; -
Literaturhinweis
Do applications respond to changes in asylum policies in European countries? (2022)
Zitatform
Bertoli, Simone, Herbert Brücker & Jesús Fernández-Huertas Moraga (2022): Do applications respond to changes in asylum policies in European countries? In: Regional Science and Urban Economics, Jg. 93, 2022-01-19. DOI:10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2022.103771
Abstract
"We analyze the role of origin-destination-time specific policy measures in shaping the location choices of asylum seekers across European countries. We estimate a gravity equation that reflects the uncertainty that asylum seekers face concerning the chances of obtaining refugee protection, the processing time and the risk of repatriation. German efforts to expand their processing capacity are correlated with a significant increase in applications from origins with high recognition rates, which were mostly diverted away from Sweden. For Syrians, the observed variations in processing times increased applications in Germany by 16.1 percent, and led to a 35.3 percent reduction in Sweden between 2014 and 2015." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2022 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Zuwanderungsmonitor Oktober (2022)
Zitatform
Brücker, Herbert, Andreas Hauptmann, Sekou Keita & Ehsan Vallizadeh (2022): Zuwanderungsmonitor Oktober. (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung. Aktuelle Daten und Indikatoren), Nürnberg, 6 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.ZM.2210
Abstract
"Die ausländische Bevölkerung in Deutschland ist nach Angaben des Ausländerzentralregisters im September 2022 gegenüber dem Vormonat um rund 86.000 Personen gewachsen. Dies geht vor allem auf den starken Zuwachs von Personen mit ukrainischer Staatsangehörigkeit zurück. Die absolute Zahl der Arbeitslosen mit einer ausländischen Staatsangehörigkeit ist im Oktober 2022 gegenüber dem Vorjahresmonat um 173.000 Personen gestiegen. Dies entspricht einem Anstieg von 23,8 Prozent. Die Arbeitslosenquote der ausländischen Bevölkerung lag im August 2022 bei 14,9 Prozent und ist im Vergleich zum Vorjahresmonat um 1,1 Prozentpunkte gestiegen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Sämtliche Ausgaben des Zuwanderungsmonitors im Grafik- und Datenportal des IAB -
Literaturhinweis
Zuwanderungsmonitor Februar (2022)
Zitatform
Brücker, Herbert, Andreas Hauptmann, Sekou Keita & Ehsan Vallizadeh (2022): Zuwanderungsmonitor Februar. (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung. Aktuelle Daten und Indikatoren), Nürnberg, 5 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.ZM.2202
Abstract
"In aller Kürze: Die ausländische Bevölkerung in Deutschland ist nach Angaben des Ausländerzentralregisters im Januar 2022 gegenüber dem Vormonat um rund 29.500 Personen gewachsen. Die Beschäftigungsquote der ausländischen Bevölkerung betrug im Dezember 2021 53,8 Prozent und ist im Vergleich zum Vorjahresmonat um 1,8 Prozentpunkte gestiegen. Die absolute Zahl der Arbeitslosen mit einer ausländischen Staatsangehörigkeit ist im Februar2022 gegenüber dem Vorjahresmonat um rund 133.000 Personen gesunken. Dies entspricht einem Rückgang von 15,3 Prozent. Die Arbeitslosenquote der ausländischen Bevölkerung lag im Dezember 2021 bei 12,4 Prozent und ist im Vergleich zum Vorjahresmonat um 2,3 Prozentpunkte gesunken. Die SGB-II-Hilfequote der ausländischen Bevölkerung lag im November 2021 bei 18,1 Prozent und ist gegenüber dem Vorjahresmonat um 1,4 Prozentpunkte gesunken." (IAB)
Weiterführende Informationen
Sämtliche Ausgaben des Zuwanderungsmonitors im Grafik- und Datenportal des IAB -
Literaturhinweis
Zuwanderungsmonitor März (2022)
Zitatform
Brücker, Herbert, Andreas Hauptmann, Sekou Keita & Ehsan Vallizadeh (2022): Zuwanderungsmonitor März. (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung. Aktuelle Daten und Indikatoren), Nürnberg, 5 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.ZM.2203
Abstract
"In aller Kürze: - Die ausländische Bevölkerung in Deutschland ist nach Angaben des Ausländerzentralregisters im Februar 2022 gegenüber dem Vormonat um rund 27.000 Personen gewachsen. - Die Beschäftigungsquote der ausländischen Bevölkerung betrug im Januar 2022 53,7 Prozent und ist im Vergleich zum Vorjahresmonat um 2,4 Prozentpunkte gestiegen. - Die absolute Zahl der Arbeitslosen mit einer ausländischen Staatsangehörigkeit ist im März 2022 gegenüber dem Vorjahresmonat um rund 137.000 Personen gesunken. Dies entspricht einem Rückgang von 16,0 Prozent. - Die Arbeitslosenquote der ausländischen Bevölkerung lag im Januar 2022 bei 13,1 Prozent und ist im Vergleich zum Vorjahresmonat um 2,6 Prozentpunkte gesunken. - Die SGB-II-Hilfequote der ausländischen Bevölkerung lag im Dezember 2021 bei 17,9 Prozent und ist gegenüber dem Vorjahresmonat um 1,6 Prozentpunkte gesunken. Der Krieg in der Ukraine wird das Migrationsgeschehen auch in Deutschland sehr wahrscheinlich nachhaltig beeinflussen. Wie viele Menschen aus der Ukraine das Land verlassen werden, kann nicht belastbar prognostiziert werden. Wir werden im Zuwanderungsmonitor diese Entwicklungen beobachten und die Ukraine in unseren Bericht aufnehmen, sobald erste Daten vorliegen. Für eine aktuelle Einschätzung zu den Integrationschancen von Geflüchteten aus der Ukraine siehe auch Brücker (2022)." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Sämtliche Ausgaben des Zuwanderungsmonitors im Grafik- und Datenportal des IAB -
Literaturhinweis
New models of the “Good refugee” – bureaucratic expectations of Syrian refugees in Germany (2022)
Zitatform
Etzel, Morgan (2022): New models of the “Good refugee” – bureaucratic expectations of Syrian refugees in Germany. In: Ethnic and Racial Studies, Jg. 45, H. 6, S. 1115-1134. DOI:10.1080/01419870.2021.1954679
Abstract
"Since 2005, German immigration law required all refugees receiving social welfare benefits to undergo language and civic knowledge tests as a pathway to the labour markets. The German integration regime, which was grounded in social imaginaries, legislative initiatives and supranational agreements, produced bureaucratic and ideological challenges following the 'long summer of migration'. Syrian asylum seekers entering Germany navigated shifts in the social imaginary and legal changes that both narrowed the definitions of a 'good refugee' and expanded the benefits given to a select group of asylum seekers and refugees. I apply ethnographic fieldwork beginning on the Turkish border with Syria in 2015 and later fieldwork across Germany to analyse shifting social landscapes. The prerequisites of integration made long-term residency permits and citizenship contingent on 'good integration'. The public recognition of 'good' or 'deserving' refugees was thus conditional on the fulfilment of a universal criteria of achievement in social competences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Westbalkanregelung als Blaupause? Erwerbsmigration fair gestalten und langfristig denken (2022)
Zitatform
Falkenhain, Mariella & Miriam Raab (2022): Die Westbalkanregelung als Blaupause? Erwerbsmigration fair gestalten und langfristig denken. In: IAB-Forum H. 07.12.2022 Nürnberg, 2022-12-05. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20221207.01
Abstract
"Die Westbalkanregelung hat sich zahlenmäßig zu einem bedeutenden Kanal der Erwerbsmigration aus Drittstaaten entwickelt. Ihre Entfristung und ihre Ausweitung könnten einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Sicherung von Arbeitskräften in Deutschland leisten. Dabei wäre es aber wichtig, die Arbeitsbedingungen und Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten ausländischer Beschäftigter mitzudenken – ganz im Sinne eines fairen und nachhaltigen Einwanderungssystems." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Refuge: How the State Shapes Human Potential (2022)
Gowayed, Heba;Zitatform
Gowayed, Heba (2022): Refuge: How the State Shapes Human Potential. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 195 S.
Abstract
"As the world confronts the largest refugee crisis since World War II, wealthy countries are being called upon to open their doors to the displaced, with the assumption that this will restore their prospects for a bright future. Refuge follows Syrians who fled a brutal war in their homeland as they attempt to rebuild in countries of resettlement and asylum. Their experiences reveal that these destination countries are not saviors; they can deny newcomers’ potential by failing to recognize their abilities and invest in the tools they need to prosper. Heba Gowayed spent three years documenting the strikingly divergent journeys of Syrian families from similar economic and social backgrounds during their crucial first years of resettlement in the United States and Canada and asylum in Germany. All three countries offer a legal solution to displacement, while simultaneously minoritizing newcomers through policies that fail to recognize their histories, aspirations, and personhood. The United States stands out for its emphasis on “self-sufficiency” that integrates refugees into American poverty, which, by design, is populated by people of color and marked by stagnation. Gowayed argues that refugee human capital is less an attribute of newcomers than a product of the same racist welfare systems that have long shaped the contours of national belonging. Centering the human experience of displacement, Refuge shines needed light on how countries structure the potential of people, new arrivals or otherwise, within their borders." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Princeton University Press) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Integrationsförderung geflüchteter Menschen im Jobcenter: Ein Erfahrungsbericht aus der Praxis (2022)
Nixdorf, Christian Philipp;Zitatform
Nixdorf, Christian Philipp (2022): Integrationsförderung geflüchteter Menschen im Jobcenter. Ein Erfahrungsbericht aus der Praxis. In: Soziale Sicherheit, Jg. 71, H. 5, S. 193-194.
Abstract
"Die Integration geflüchteter Menschen in Erwerbsarbeit ist volkswirtschaftlich und gesellschaftlich von hoher Bedeutung. Jobcentern kommt dabei eine zentrale Rolle zu. Individuelle, rechtliche, und kulturelle Aspekte bewirken allerdings, dass die Arbeitsmarktintegration Geflüchteter nicht immer reibungslos verläuft." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Conflict intensity in the region of birth increases religiosity among refugees (2022)
Zitatform
Tubergen, Frank van, Yuliya Kosyakova & Agnieszka Kanas (2022): Conflict intensity in the region of birth increases religiosity among refugees. (CReAM discussion paper 2022,22), London, 53 S.
Abstract
"Do violent conflicts increase religiosity? This study draws on evidence from a large-scale survey on refugees in Germany linked with data on time-varying conflict intensity in refugees' birth regions prior to the survey interview. The results show that the greater the number of conflict-induced fatalities in the period before the interview, the more often refugees pray. The relationship between conflict and praying holds equally across demographic subgroups. Evidence suggests that both short- and long-term cumulative fatalities in refugees' birth regions affect how often they pray. Additionally, the link between conflict and praying is stronger for refugees who have family and relatives still living in their country of origin. Finally, we show that the conflicts that matter are those occurring within the refugees' specific region of birth rather than in other regions in the country. Implications for existential insecurity theory and cultural evolutionary theory are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The occupational situation in the country of origin - illustration using the example of Syrian families in the reges study (2022)
Zitatform
Welker, Jörg, Gisela Will, Shaza Al Rihawi & Florian Weber (2022): The occupational situation in the country of origin - illustration using the example of Syrian families in the reges study. (LIfBi working paper 104), Bamberg, 24 S. DOI:10.5157/LIfBi:WP104:1.0
Abstract
"A family’s social background has a major influence on the educational success and careers of its children. In the case of migrant families, the parents’ labor-market situation in the place of origin constitutes an important indicator for a family’s social background. ReGES, which is a longitudinal study examining the educational trajectories of children and adolescents from refugee families in Germany, seeks to provide as much detail as possible on families’ occupational situations prior to emigration. To assess the quality of the information provided, this working paper provides users with relevant information on different areas: In a first step, the Syrian labor market at the time before the outbreak of war is described (section 2). Central factors such as labor force participation and unemployment are differentiated by gender and regions. The size of the labor force in various sectors in Syria is also presented. The second step describes how the professional situation of refugee parents in their country of origin was recorded and coded in the ReGES study (section 3). In this context, aspects of the situation in Syria that can only be captured to a limited extent using the usual Western coding schemes are also presented, and any adjustments made to the standard coding of occupations are discussed. Finally, the pre-migration professional situation of the Syrian refugee parentsin the ReGES study is presented and related to the situation on the Syrian labor market before the war (section 4)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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- Literatur und Forschung aus dem IAB
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Zur Situation in Deutschland
- Positionen und Stellungnahmen
- zur Rechtslage
- Bildungstand und -förderung / Anerkennung von Qualifikation
- betriebliche Berufsausbildung/Berufsorientierung
- Studium
- Arbeitsmarktintegration, Maßnahmen und Programme
- Betriebe und Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Erwerbstätigkeit und Arbeitslosigkeit
- Geflüchtete im SGB II
- Löhne
- Arbeitsmarkteffekte der Flüchtlingszuwanderung
- Regionale Aspekte, Wohnsitzauflage
- Rückwanderung
- Daten und Statistik
- Quellen mit Unterscheidung nach Herkunftsregion
- Quellen mit Geschlechtsbezug
- Quellen mit Altersbezug
- Quellen mit regionalem Bezug
- Zur Situation in anderen Ländern