Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten – Bildung und Arbeitsmarkt
Auf der Flucht vor Krieg und politischer Verfolgung verlassen viele Menschen ihr Heimatland und suchen Schutz und neue Perspektiven in Deutschland und beantragen Asyl. Die Beteiligung am Arbeitsmarkt wird häufig als Schlüssel für die gesellschaftliche Integration der Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten gesehen.
Welche Qualifikationen bringen die Menschen mit, welche arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen sind hilfreich? Wie gehen die einzelnen Bundesländer damit um, welche Auswirkungen auf die deutsche Wirtschaft und die Sozialsysteme sind zu erwarten, wie sieht die Situation in anderen Ländern aus?
Dieses Themendossier stellt wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zum Thema zusammen und ermöglicht den Zugang zu weiterführenden Informationen sowie zu Positionen der politischen Akteure.
Literatur zur besonderen Situation der Geflüchteten aus der Ukraine finden Sie im
Themendossier Auswirkungen des Krieges gegen die Ukraine auf Wirtschaft, Arbeitsmarkt und Fluchtmigration in Deutschland
- Literatur und Forschung aus dem IAB
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Zur Situation in Deutschland
- Positionen und Stellungnahmen
- zur Rechtslage
- Bildungstand und -förderung / Anerkennung von Qualifikation
- betriebliche Berufsausbildung/Berufsorientierung
- Studium
- Arbeitsmarktintegration, Maßnahmen und Programme
- Betriebe und Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Erwerbstätigkeit und Arbeitslosigkeit
- Geflüchtete im SGB II
- Löhne
- Arbeitsmarkteffekte der Flüchtlingszuwanderung
- Regionale Aspekte, Wohnsitzauflage
- Rückwanderung
- Daten und Statistik
- Quellen mit Unterscheidung nach Herkunftsregion
- Quellen mit Geschlechtsbezug
- Quellen mit Altersbezug
- Quellen mit regionalem Bezug
- Zur Situation in anderen Ländern
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Literaturhinweis
Transnational Perspectives on Migration and Integration – TRANSMIT Surveys of Syrian Nationals and Their Neighbors in Lebanon and Turkey (2019–2023) (2025)
Gundacker, Lidwina ; Brücker, Herbert ; Rischke, Ramona ; Hertner, Laura ; Kühnert, Nora ; Ruhnke, Simon ; Trocka, Caroline ; Talebi, Nader ;Zitatform
Gundacker, Lidwina, Laura Hertner, Nora Kühnert, Ramona Rischke, Simon Ruhnke, Nader Talebi, Caroline Trocka & Herbert Brücker (2025): Transnational Perspectives on Migration and Integration – TRANSMIT Surveys of Syrian Nationals and Their Neighbors in Lebanon and Turkey (2019–2023). In: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, S. 1-12. DOI:10.1515/jbnst-2024-0091
Abstract
"Migration scholars commonly study international migration and socio-economic integration separately, typically focusing on a single receiving country in the Global North. The TRANSMIT project adopts a transnational perspective, studying key migration routes to Europe via large-scale surveys among Syrians and their host communities in two major countries of mixed-migration contexts, namely Lebanon and Turkey. Both countries, in addition to their own history of emigration, host large refugee populations. The surveys cover both migration biographies and aspects of the socioeconomic participation of Syrian nationals. Surveying the host populations in equal terms allows researchers to examine local contexts and group differences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter Brill) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employability among refugees and how it is affected by public integration programmes (2025)
Zitatform
Jakobsen, Vibeke & Frederik Thuesen (2025): Employability among refugees and how it is affected by public integration programmes. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, S. 1-27. DOI:10.1080/1369183x.2025.2479128
Abstract
"To secure employment in a new country, refugees often go through a series of steps to enhance their employability. While many governments seek to maximise refugee employment rates, we lack concepts for measuring progress in refugee employability and knowledge about which types of intervention enhance employability. We draw on research on employability and have developed a survey-based concept to measure different dimensions of refugee employability. We analyse how these dimensions predict employment outcomes among newly arrived refugees in Denmark, primarily from Syria. We also investigate the extent to which Danish public integration programmes affect these refugees’ progress in employability. The analyses exploit six waves of survey data collected from 2017 through 2019 that measure the refugees’ employability on a quarterly basis. Several dimensions in our concept of employability correlate positively with subsequent employment – primarily the refugees’ ‘conscientiousness and participation’, ‘health and coping’, and ‘job focus’. The analyses also show that participation in job-oriented programmes enhances refugees’ progress in employability – in particular the dimensions ‘conscientiousness and participation ’ and ‘health and coping’." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do Austrian Programmes Facilitate Labour Market Integration of Refugees? (2025)
Ortlieb, Renate ; Eggenhofer-Rehart, Petra ; Landesmann, Michael ; Leitner, Sandra; Hosner, Roland ;Zitatform
Ortlieb, Renate, Petra Eggenhofer-Rehart, Sandra Leitner, Roland Hosner & Michael Landesmann (2025): Do Austrian Programmes Facilitate Labour Market Integration of Refugees? In: International Migration, Jg. 63, H. 1. DOI:10.1111/imig.12784
Abstract
"This study examines two programmes aimed at integrating refugees into the Austrian labour market: a short‐term Skills Assessment and a longer‐term Integration Year that includes an internship and training. The theoretical framework draws on the concepts of social field and forms of capital proposed by Pierre Bourdieu. Using data from a large‐scale refugee survey in early 2019, we find that Austria’s short‐term Skills Assessment fails to increase refugees’ employment chances. The Integration Year positively helps employment, but this outcome is limited to refugee women. We conclude that integration programmes only help if they provide refugees with both cultural and social capital. Implications for research and practice are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Welfare Benefit Generosity and Refugee Integration (2024)
Zitatform
Arendt, Jacob Nielsen (2024): Welfare Benefit Generosity and Refugee Integration. In: International migration review, Jg. 58, H. 2, S. 706-733. DOI:10.1177/01979183231160713
Abstract
"This study examines how welfare benefit generosity impacts refugees' integration into their new country. The effects of welfare benefit generosity are identified from a policy reform that reduced welfare benefits, first for newly arrived refugees, and second for those who had been in the country for at least 10 months. The results suggest that refugees respond quickly to the benefit reduction, but men and women react on different margins. Male refugees enter employment faster when they experience a benefit reduction, whereas no effect on the labor market is found for female refugees. Even though some men succeed in finding a job, both men and women experience a drop in disposable income of 20 percent. This seems to adversely affect women as they seek more health care, are more often hospitalized, and are more often charged with property crimes. No such unintended effects are found for men." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
“You have to work…but you can't!”: Contradictions of the Active Labor Market Policies for Refugees and Asylum Seekers in the UK (2024)
Zitatform
Calo, Francesca, Tom Montgomery & Simone Baglioni (2024): “You have to work…but you can't!”: Contradictions of the Active Labor Market Policies for Refugees and Asylum Seekers in the UK. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 53, H. 3, S. 638-656. DOI:10.1017/S0047279422000502
Abstract
"The discourse of deservingness has been mobilized against certain groups in the UK society navigating UK labor markets, among them refugees and asylum seekers. These discourses, leading to the stigmatisation of the unemployed are coupled with an emphasis on the importance of individuals taking responsibility to develop their ‘employability’. Little attention has been paid to scrutinise the contrast between the deservingness rhetoric and policy making with the actual conditions newcomers, and in particular refugees and asylum seekers, are confronted with when seeking employment. Our paper fills such a gap by indicating key contradictions at the heart of labor market integration in the UK. On the one hand, the emphasis on deservingness is coupled with policy discourses that construct an environment shaped by welfare and labor market chauvinism. On the other hand, the policy architecture is fundamentally flawed in a number of ways in terms of the support mechanisms necessary to ensure that newcomers can successfully integrate into the labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labor market integration of refugees: RCT evidence from an early intervention program in Sweden (2024)
Zitatform
Dahlberg, Matz, Johan Egebark, Ulrika Vikman & Gülay Özcan (2024): Labor market integration of refugees: RCT evidence from an early intervention program in Sweden. In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Jg. 217, S. 614-630. DOI:10.1016/j.jebo.2023.11.026
Abstract
"This study uses a randomized controlled trial to evaluate a new program for increased labor market integration of refugees. The new program starts shortly after the residence permit is granted and uses three main components: early and intensive language training, work practice with supervisors, and job search assistance performed by professional caseworkers. The immediate and intensive assistance contrasts previous integration policies which typically constitute low-intensive help over long periods of time. We find large positive effects on employment of the program, with magnitudes corresponding to around 15 percentage points. A mediation analysis shows that 7–8 percent of the impact of the program seems to be explained by increases in documented language skills. Cost estimates suggest that the new policy is less expensive than earlier labor market programs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unintended Consequences of Welfare Cuts on Children and Adolescents (2024)
Zitatform
Dustmann, Christian, Rasmus Landersø & Lars Højsgaard Andersen (2024): Unintended Consequences of Welfare Cuts on Children and Adolescents. In: American Economic Journal. Applied Economics, Jg. 16, H. 4, S. 161-185. DOI:10.1257/app.20230519
Abstract
"This paper studies the effects of a large welfare benefit reduction on the children in the affected families. The welfare cut targeted adult refugees who received residency in Denmark, and it reduced their disposable income by 30 percent on average over the first five years. We show that children exposed to the welfare cut during preschool and school-age obtained lower GPAs, experienced reduced well-being and overall education levels, and suffered lower employment and earnings as adults. Children in their teens at exposure faced large increases in conviction probabilities for violent and property crimes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Low-skilled jobs, language proficiency, and job opportunities for refugees: an experimental study (2024)
Zitatform
Ek, Simon, Mats Hammarstedt & Per Skedinger (2024): Low-skilled jobs, language proficiency, and job opportunities for refugees: an experimental study. In: The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Jg. 126, H. 2, S. 355-386. DOI:10.1111/sjoe.12549
Abstract
"In a field experiment, we study the causal effects of previous experience and language skills when newly arrived Syrian refugees in Sweden apply for low ‐skilled jobs. We find no evidence of sizable effects from previous experience or completed language classes on the probability of receiving a callback from employers. However, female applicants were more likely than males to receive a positive response. As a complement to the experiment, we interview a select number of employers, which provides additional insights into how they judge candidates for low‐skilled jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Comparing the Effects of Policies for the Labor Market Integration of Refugees (2024)
Zitatform
Foged, Mette, Linea Hasager & Giovanni Peri (2024): Comparing the Effects of Policies for the Labor Market Integration of Refugees. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 42, H. S1, S. S335-S377. DOI:10.1086/728806
Abstract
"This paper reviews, reanalyzes, and extends to the long run the estimated effects of integration polices on the employment probability and earnings of refugees in Denmark. We first describe the dynamics of labor market outcomes of refugees in Denmark. We then find that increased language training and initial placement in strong labor markets improved refugees' long-run labor market outcomes, while cutting initial welfare payments and placing refugees near other refugees did not improve them. Policies focused on matching refugees with occupations experiencing shortages have positive short-run effects, but we cannot yet assess their long-run effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unequal access to protection? Selection patterns over arrival cohorts of Syrians seeking refuge in Lebanon, Turkey, and Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Gundacker, Lidwina, Sekou Keita & Simon A. Ruhnke (2024): Unequal access to protection? Selection patterns over arrival cohorts of Syrians seeking refuge in Lebanon, Turkey, and Germany. In: Frontiers in Human Dynamics, Jg. 5, S. 1-18., 2023-12-19. DOI:10.3389/fhumd.2023.1171885
Abstract
"An ample scholarly literature on voluntary migration has shown that migration is a highly selective process, resulting in migrant populations that often differ significantly from their respective population of origin in terms of their socio-demographic characteristics. The literature attributes these differences to either migrants' active choice and agency in the migration decision (i.e., self-selection), or to selectively applied external constraints. Although the socio-demographic make-up of forced migrant populations has received significant attention in public discourses in receiving countries such as Germany and Turkey, the literature on migrant selection largely focuses on voluntary migration and self-selection mechanisms. As a result, the selection mechanisms of forcibly displaced persons are less well-understood. Particularly in the context of forced migration, the conditions for migration fluctuate heavily within a relatively short time span, e.g., regarding immigration policies and border controls. In this study we contribute to that literature by exploring the changing conditions under which Syrians sought international humanitarian protection between 2013 and 2017 and linking them to the selection outcomes in three major receiving countries: Lebanon, Turkey, and Germany. Based on novel household survey data, we compare age, gender, socio-economic background, and family context of the Syrian populations in Lebanon, Turkey, and Germany by arrival cohort (2013–2017). In a narrative approach, we combinethe cohort analysis of Syrians in Lebanon, Turkey, and Germany with contextual analyses of the (changing) frameworks governing refugee migration in transit and destination countries and descriptive analyses of changing risk levels along migration routes into Europe. Our analyses reveal that higher external barriers coincide with a stronger selection in migrants' socio-demographic make-up. In particular, riskier routes and higher entry barriers are associated with a lower share of female migrants, a lower share traveling with family members, and a higher socio-economic background. In this study, we describe differences in forced migrants' selection outcomes in countries of first refuge neighboring the origin country, relative to a reception country in the global north. By establishing legal and political frameworks as well as the accessibility of routes as external barriers to forced migration we expand on the existing theoretical approaches to selection effects and identify a need for policy intervention to ensure equitable access to humanitarian protection." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Six years after the EU-Turkey Agreement: A quantitative assessment of the living conditions of Syrians in Turkey (2024)
Zitatform
Gundacker, Lidwina, Laura Hertner & Simon Ruhnke (2024): Six years after the EU-Turkey Agreement: A quantitative assessment of the living conditions of Syrians in Turkey. (IAB-Forschungsbericht 18/2024), Nürnberg, 57 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FB.2418
Abstract
"2,9 Millionen Personen in Deutschland hatten im Jahr 2022 laut dem Statistischen Bundesamt einen türkischen Migrationshintergrund. Somit stellt die Türkei seit Jahrzehnten eins der wichtigsten Herkunftsländer von Migrant*innen in Deutschland dar. Im letzten Jahrzehnt hat sich die Türkei allerdings selbst zu einem wichtigen Transit- und Zielland für Zugewanderte entwickelt. Seit 2011, dem Beginn des Krieges in Syrien, haben mehr als 3,5 Millionen Syrerinnen und Syrer Zuflucht in der Türkei gesucht. Die zunächst offen gestaltete türkische Einwanderungspolitik wich ab 2014 zunehmend Maßnahmen, die Zuwanderung aus Syrien zu begrenzen. Vorangetrieben von Deutschland beschlossen die Europäische Union (EU) und die türkische Regierung im Jahr 2016 ein Rückübernahmeabkommen. Das EU-Türkei-Abkommen verfolgte das Ziel, irreguläre Migration in die EU zu begrenzen und im Gegenzug die humanitären Bedingungen für Geflüchtete in der Türkei durch Hilfsgelder in Milliardenhöhe zu verbessern. In diesem Forschungsbericht untersuchen wir die Lebensumstände, das Wohlergehen und die Teilhabe syrischer Geflüchteter in der Türkei im Vergleich zur türkischen Aufnahmegesellschaft im Jahr 2022, sechs Jahre nach dem EU-Türkei-Deal. Wir greifen dabei auf die umfassende längsschnittlich angelegte Dateninfrastruktur zurück, die im Rahmen des TRANSMIT-Projekts in Kooperation von IAB und dem Berliner Institut für empirische Integrations- und Migrationsforschung (BIM, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin) geschaffen wurde. Die strukturierte Befragung von syrischen und türkischen Personen zu gleichen Teilen (je 1250 Befragte) ermöglicht es, die Lebensumstände von Syrerinnen und Syrern in der Türkei mit denen der türkischen Mehrheitsgesellschaft ins Verhältnis zu setzen. Die Auswertungen weisen darauf hin, dass die Lebensbedingungen, das Wohlergehen und die Teilhabe von syrischen Geflüchteten in der Türkei sich trotz des EU-Türkei-Deals prekär gestalten. So berichtet im Jahr 2022 ein Drittel der syrischen Befragten, dass ihr Einkommen nicht für Essen ausreicht. Ein weiteres Drittel kann sich mit ihrem Einkommen nicht alle nötigen Produkte der Grundversorgung leisten. Unter den syrischen Beschäftigten sind trotz einer durchschnittlichen Aufenthaltsdauer von 8 Jahren über zwei Drittel als Tagelöhner beschäftigt. Die Mehrzahl der Beschäftigungsverhältnisse sind irregulär und stellen manuelle, häufig körperlich anspruchsvolle Tätigkeiten wie im Baugewerbe oder der Landwirtschaft dar. Ähnlich wie bei Geflüchteten in Deutschland zeigt sich ein starker Gender Gap auf dem Arbeitsmarkt, allerdings befindet sich die syrische Beschäftigung in der Türkei insgesamt auf einem höheren Niveau. 39 Prozent der syrischen Frauen und 79 Prozent der syrischen Männer gehen einer bezahlten Erwerbstätigkeit nach. Frauen leisten gleichzeitig den Großteil der Haushalts- und Sorgearbeit. Die Bildungsbeteiligung bleibt mit insgesamt 7 Prozent aller erwachsenen Befragten, die zum Zeitpunkt der Befragung eine Schule besucht oder abgeschlossen haben, gering. Auch hier haben Männer eine höhere Teilhabewahrscheinlichkeit als Frauen. Wir führen die vergleichsweise hohe Arbeitsmarktbeteiligung und die geringe Bildungsbeteiligung darauf zurück, dass für Syrer*innen in der Türkei neben den EU-finanzierten Notfallprogrammen kein systematischer Zugang zu sozialer Sicherung und Kinderbetreuungsangeboten besteht. Dieser wirtschaftliche Druck spiegelt sich auch in den nur moderat steigenden Anteilen von Syrer*innen mit guten Türkischkenntnissen wider: liegt er bei 5 oder weniger Jahren Aufenthaltsdauer bei 47 Prozent, steigt er nach 10 oder mehr Jahren Aufenthaltsdauer auf 63 Prozent. Anders verhält es sich mit dem Bildungszugang für syrische Kinder und Jugendliche: 85 Prozent der syrischen 6 bis 15-Jährigen besuchen eine Schule. Dieser Erfolg kann unter anderem auch auf gezielte EU- Fördermaßnahmen zurückgeführt werden. Wir untersuchen auch die Absichten und die konkreten Möglichkeiten von syrischen Geflüchteten, die Türkei zu verlassen. Ein Viertel der in 2022 befragten Syrer*innen wünscht sich, die Türkei zu verlassen. Deutschland stellt das am häufigsten genannte Wunschzielland dar. Nur ein kleiner Anteil (7 Prozent) der Personen mit Migrationsabsichten hat aber tatsächlich konkrete Pläne, die Weiterwanderung in den nächsten 12 Monaten umzusetzen. Begründet wird dies meist mit Kindern in Bildung, mit fehlenden finanziellen Ressourcen und damit, bei der Familie bleiben zu wollen. Bei Personen mit sozialen Kontakten im Ausland ist der Anteil mit konkreten Weiterwanderungsplänen noch geringer. Dies unterstreicht den hypothetischen Charakter der Migrationsabsichten, die wir in den TRANSMIT-Befragungen messen konnten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Rewarding mobility? Towards a realistic European policy agenda for academics at risk (2024)
Gusejnova, Dina ; Dragolea, Alina ; Bakos, Rebeka; Photiadou, Artemis ; Pető, Andrea ; Terteleac, Andrei-Vlăduț;Zitatform
Gusejnova, Dina, Alina Dragolea, Andrea Pető, Andrei-Vlăduț Terteleac, Artemis Photiadou & Rebeka Bakos (2024): Rewarding mobility? Towards a realistic European policy agenda for academics at risk. In: Comparative Migration Studies, Jg. 12. DOI:10.1186/s40878-024-00362-7
Abstract
"This article maps from a critical and comparative perspective how scholars at risk are currently being integrated into the European research infrastructure, as well as in various EU and non-EU Member States. The focus is on three countries ranging from older to newer EU members to one non-EU member state—Hungary, Romania and the United Kingdom—as well as on EU-level organizations. We draw on twelve in-depth interviews conducted with key stakeholders involved in the process of academic migration (non-governmental organisations, EU and national level actors) to identify key issues concerning academics at risk. Finally, we call for a robust EU-level response to an issue that is currently inadequately addressed by national governments, professional associations and NGOs. As we argue, the focus on mobility as a factor supporting research excellence in the regular European research infrastructure can have negative unintended outcomes for scholars at risk. For many of them, rewarding mobility can entail the threat of losing their legal status in temporary places of migration. What is needed is a nuanced approach for scholars at risk in a diverse range of situations, which should involve closer cooperation between international academic bodies and EU policy makers, and complement support for those who need to escape to third countries with the offer of remote work in the country where they are able to obtain a secure residence permit." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Children or productive adults? Infantilisation and exploitation of refugees in Germany and Austria (2024)
Zitatform
Harbisch, Amelie (2024): Children or productive adults? Infantilisation and exploitation of refugees in Germany and Austria. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 50, H. 6, S. 1590-1608. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2023.2166908
Abstract
"The persisting poor labor market integration of refugees and asylum seekers is puzzling, especially given host states' declared desirability of refugees and asylum seekers being employed. Existing research on the determinants of refugees' lack of labor market integration has analyzed possible factors such as refugee health and education as well as host countries' policies and discrimination. Based on original ethnographic data generated in Berlin and Vienna in 2019, I argue that the poor labor market integration can be better understood when we consider colliding perceptions, called scripts, of refugees and asylum seekers: At the same time that they are constructed as potentially useful labor, they are also constructed as helpless children who can never quite be ready for the labor market. I present each script's ascriptions and prescriptions towards refugees and asylum seekers, show how these are enacted by the people subjected to them and analyse how disruptions occur when there are simultaneous, contradictory demands. Policy implications are that the host society's perceptions do matter and that integration measures must be reviewed with regard to their potentially infantilising tendencies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Changes in Migration in Poland in the Context of Migration Flows of Ukrainians (2024)
Knapinska, Magdalena;Zitatform
Knapinska, Magdalena (2024): Changes in Migration in Poland in the Context of Migration Flows of Ukrainians. (Proceedings of Economics and Finance Conferences 14516367), Prag, 80 S.
Abstract
"The goal of this study is to analyze the flows of immigrants and emigrants in Poland. The paper starts with a literature review of economic theories of migration and demographic trends. In the last years, Poland experienced a large change migratory pattern and geographic labour mobility. While Poland was initially a source country in international migration, it is becoming increasingly a target country for migration flows. This development was accelerated by the war in Ukraine. Based on the geographical proximity and a long tradition of intense of short-term migration from Ukraine to Poland, nearly a half million of refugees from Ukraine moved to Poland. Moreover, the scope of migration changed from the short-term to the long-term migration. Although, this development caused some short-term structural problems in various fields including education and social system, the Polish economy was able to absorb the war refugee flows better than expected." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment outcomes of refugee women and men: multiple gender gaps and the importance of high-skill jobs (2024)
Zitatform
Ortlieb, Renate, Paul Baumgartner, Meike Palinkas, Petra Eggenhofer-Rehart & Elena Ressi (2024): Employment outcomes of refugee women and men: multiple gender gaps and the importance of high-skill jobs. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 50, H. 20, S. 4987-5008. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2024.2379945
Abstract
"Refugee women face significant challenges when seeking employment in Western host countries. To advance gender-sensitive perspectives within migration and refugee research, this study examines differences in employment outcomes between refugee women and men. Specifically, this study provides a nuanced picture of six indicators of employment outcomes, including pay, fixed-term versus permanent employment contract, overqualification, career prospects, an at-home feeling in the workplace and the ability to talk to colleagues about personal problems. The study also shows that individuals’ occupational status plays a role in gender disparities. Our findings, based on a recent survey of refugees working in Austria, reveal several gender gaps, with an especially significant gap regarding fixed-term employment contracts. Refugee women, who are more likely to be disadvantaged in employment outcomes, benefit disproportionately from working in high-skill jobs. The findings underscore the complex nature of gendered patterns in labour market integration of refugees and imply specific policies addressing gender inequality in this setting." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Workplace Factors Associated with Employment of Refugees – Evidence from a Survey Among Danish Employers (2024)
Zitatform
Ravn, Rasmus Lind (2024): Workplace Factors Associated with Employment of Refugees – Evidence from a Survey Among Danish Employers. In: Social Policy and Society, Jg. 23, H. 3, S. 703-719. DOI:10.1017/S1474746422000483
Abstract
"Labor market participation by refugees in their new host country is crucial both to the integration process and in terms of reducing public spending on income replacement benefits for refugees. In this article, we explore workplace factors associated with employment of refugees. For this purpose, we use a survey of Danish employers, in light of the fact that with some notable exceptions, the employer role has been somewhat neglected in existing research on labor market integration of refugees. We find that many different workplace factors are associated with employment of refugees. In addition to objective workplace characteristics, existing social responsibility practice, contacts by public employment services and the attitudes and preconceptions of employers towards refugees are of importance." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unpacking “the system”: Multi-level governance gaps in the labour market integration of highly skilled refugees (2024)
Zitatform
Riemsdijk, Micheline Van (2024): Unpacking “the system”: Multi-level governance gaps in the labour market integration of highly skilled refugees. In: International Migration, Jg. 62, H. 2, S. 38-52. DOI:10.1111/imig.13246
Abstract
"A plethora of government- and non-government actors are involved in the labor market integration of highly skilled refugees, forming a complex “system” that is difficult to navigate for integration actors and refugees. Based on interviews with 32 labor market integration actors in Sweden, this article examines multi-level governance gaps in the wake of the simultaneous centralization and decentralization of labor market preparation services. It examines various “steps” in the labor market integration process to gain a more holistic perspective of “the system”, and identifies governance gaps in each step. The article finds that the devolution of services has opened up participatory spaces for non-government actors, but narrowly defined mandates and short-term funding mechanisms hamper cooperation within and between territorial levels of policy implementation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Role of Gender in Asylum Migration to Europe: Analyzing Country-Level Factors of Gendered Selection of Asylum Seekers to Europe (2024)
Zitatform
Schiele, Maximilian (2024): The Role of Gender in Asylum Migration to Europe: Analyzing Country-Level Factors of Gendered Selection of Asylum Seekers to Europe. In: Journal of Immigrant and Refugee Studies, S. 1-16. DOI:10.1080/15562948.2023.2298515
Abstract
"While 50% of displaced individuals worldwide are female, women comprised only 31% of the people seeking asylum in Europe between 2008 and 2018. This study utilizes data from Eurostat on 5.6 million asylum-seekers between 2008 and 2018 to identify the country-level factors that drive this gendered selection. The effects are calculated using both a random effects panel model and a fixed effects panel model with clustered standard errors. The results suggest that country-level differences in the degree of gendered selection are largely driven by socio-demographic factors related to women’s social position within their country of origin." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Taylor & Francis) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Self-selection of Ukrainian refugees and displaced persons in Europe (2024)
Zitatform
Tubergen, Frank van, Irena Kogan, Yuliya Kosyakova & Steffen Pötzschke (2024): Self-selection of Ukrainian refugees and displaced persons in Europe. In: Journal of Refugee Studies, Jg. 37, H. 1, S. 72-96., 2023-11-09. DOI:10.1093/jrs/fead089
Abstract
"The literature on migrants’ self-selection is focused on labour migrants, while little is known about refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs). We contribute to this scant literature, by (1) examining a broad set of factors that could determine self-selection, (2) contrasting selfselection profiles of refugees and IDPs, and (3) comparing self-selection profiles of refugees across countries. Specifically, we compare the self-selection profiles of Ukrainian refugees and IDPs with stayers in the months directly following the Russian full-scale invasion in February 2022. We draw on unique, cross-nationally comparative data from the OneUA project, which surveyed Ukrainian refugees and displaced persons in Europe as well as those who stayed in Ukraine in the summer of 2022. More than 24,000 Ukrainian women residing in nine countries participated in this survey. We find systematic empirical patterns of self-selection related to people’s region of origin, family status, and individual-level characteristics." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Oxford University Press) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Empowering refugees: The role of training programs in labor market integration (2024)
Zitatform
Zisler, Chiara Maria, Eric Bettinger & Uschi Backes-Gellner (2024): Empowering refugees: The role of training programs in labor market integration. (Working paper / Swiss Leading House 218), Zürich, 29 S.
Abstract
"Given the increase in global refugee and migration flows and the severe labor shortages in host countries, actively helping refugees enter the labor market constitutes a critical solution for both challenges. This paper analyzes the effect of targeted training programs for refugees on their labor market and social integration. Using a quasi-experimental approach, we investigate a Swiss IT and coding bootcamp that combines occupational skills training with workplace-based cultural skills training (i.e., implicit skills that can be learned only through work experience). By matching individual survey data with detailed records from the program application process, we compare the labor market and social integration outcomes of program applicants around the admission threshold. Results for this quasi-random sample of applicants show that program participation significantly increases labor market outcomes compared to non-participation within the first three years after program graduation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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