Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten – Bildung und Arbeitsmarkt
Auf der Flucht vor Krieg und politischer Verfolgung verlassen viele Menschen ihr Heimatland und suchen Schutz und neue Perspektiven in Deutschland und beantragen Asyl. Die Beteiligung am Arbeitsmarkt wird häufig als Schlüssel für die gesellschaftliche Integration der Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten gesehen.
Welche Qualifikationen bringen die Menschen mit, welche arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen sind hilfreich? Wie gehen die einzelnen Bundesländer damit um, welche Auswirkungen auf die deutsche Wirtschaft und die Sozialsysteme sind zu erwarten, wie sieht die Situation in anderen Ländern aus?
Dieses Themendossier stellt wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zum Thema zusammen und ermöglicht den Zugang zu weiterführenden Informationen sowie zu Positionen der politischen Akteure.
Literatur zur besonderen Situation der Geflüchteten aus der Ukraine finden Sie im
Themendossier Auswirkungen des Krieges gegen die Ukraine auf Wirtschaft, Arbeitsmarkt und Fluchtmigration in Deutschland
- Literatur und Forschung aus dem IAB
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Zur Situation in Deutschland
- Positionen und Stellungnahmen
- zur Rechtslage
- Bildungstand und -förderung / Anerkennung von Qualifikation
- betriebliche Berufsausbildung/Berufsorientierung
- Studium
- Arbeitsmarktintegration, Maßnahmen und Programme
- Betriebe und Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Erwerbstätigkeit und Arbeitslosigkeit
- Geflüchtete im SGB II
- Löhne
- Arbeitsmarkteffekte der Flüchtlingszuwanderung
- Regionale Aspekte, Wohnsitzauflage
- Rückwanderung
- Daten und Statistik
- Quellen mit Unterscheidung nach Herkunftsregion
- Quellen mit Geschlechtsbezug
- Quellen mit Altersbezug
- Quellen mit regionalem Bezug
- Zur Situation in anderen Ländern
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Literaturhinweis
Time and resilience. Evidence from a new survey of refugees and asylum seekers in Italy (2026)
Zitatform
Busetta, Annalisa & Daria Mendola (2026): Time and resilience. Evidence from a new survey of refugees and asylum seekers in Italy. In: Rivista Italiana di Economia, Demografia e Statistica, Jg. 80, H. 1, S. 191-202. DOI:10.71014/sieds.v80i1.555
Abstract
"Migration studies agree that resilience is a crucial dimension for migrants, refugees and asylum seekers; however, how resilience differs across age groups and its association with the integration process remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the role of time on resilience. Particularly, whether resilience differs by age and whether it is related to the length of time spent in the host country. Our analysis benefits from the ItRAS (Italian Refugees and Asylum Seekers Survey), the first nationally representative survey of asylum seekers and beneficiaries of refugee status or other forms of international protection. The survey was conducted in 2024 and included individuals who had resided in Italy for at least six months but not before 2011. We explored the interplay of time and resilience, controlling for the main individual socio-demographic characteristics. The analysis was grounded in an ordinal logit regression to explain variations in the intensity of refugees’ adapting capacity (ego-resilience). Among older individuals, the probability of being highly resilient is higher than among the younger. On the contrary, there is no significant evidence of the association between the length of stay in Italy and resilience. By providing insights into the role of time in studies on resilience, this paper debunks the view of older people as more vulnerable and in need of support per se, drawing our attention to the need for an accurate vulnerability assessment that does not proceed by stereotyped macro-category." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Data product DOI: 10.5684/soep.iab-bamf-soep-mig.2019 -
Literaturhinweis
Cash Transfers and Employment among Syrian Refugees: Evidence from Rule-Based Eligibility in Türkiye (2026)
Fatima, Freeha; Ozen, Efsan; Raju, Dhushyanth;Zitatform
Fatima, Freeha, Efsan Ozen & Dhushyanth Raju (2026): Cash Transfers and Employment among Syrian Refugees: Evidence from Rule-Based Eligibility in Türkiye. (IZA discussion paper / IZA Network @ LISER 18670), Bonn: IZA Network @ LISER, 41 S.
Abstract
"We examine whether eligibility for a large-scale humanitarian cash transfer program affects employment outcomes among displaced populations. Exploiting deterministic demographic thresholds governing eligibility for the Emergency Social Safety Net (ESSN) in Türkiye, a nationwide unconditional cash transfer program established primarily to support Syrian refugees, we implement a local-randomization regression discontinuity design to estimate causal effects at the program’s administrative eligibility frontier. We find no statistically significant discontinuities in employment probabilities for either women or men across multiple employment outcomes, including overall employment, wage employment, full-time employment, and nonfarm employment. Estimated effects are small, economically modest, and stable across specifications. Overall, the findings provide little evidence that sustained unconditional cash transfers under the ESSN generated economically meaningful labor supply disincentives at the eligibility margin." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Migration and social mobility: a qualitative longitudinal study (2026)
Zitatform
Fejes, Andreas & Magnus Dahlstedt (2026): Migration and social mobility: a qualitative longitudinal study. In: Journal of education and work, Jg. 39, H. 3, S. 253-268. DOI:10.1080/13639080.2026.2707456
Abstract
"This article examines how adult migrants in Sweden navigate the complex and shifting conditions surrounding labour-market integration over time. Drawing on a qualitative longitudinal study involving 55 participants interviewed twice between 2017–2021, the analysis explores social mobility as a dynamic, relational and non-linear process shaped by structural constraints and personal aspirations. Four interrelated themes emerge: the profound impact of legal status and protracted asylum procedures on migrants’ capacity to plan for the future; the widespread mis-recognition of foreign qualifications, often resulting in downward mobility or extended requalification pathways; experiences of labour-market exploitation, particularly among those whose residence permits depend on employment; and the decisive role of social networks in enabling language learning, accessing opportunities and fostering a sense of belonging. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of how policy frameworks, institutional practices and relational resources interact to facilitate or constrain migrants’ social mobility trajectories in contemporary Sweden." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Transnational Perspectives on Migration and Integration – TRANSMIT Surveys of Syrian Nationals and Their Neighbors in Lebanon and Turkey (2019–2023) (2026)
Gundacker, Lidwina ; Rischke, Ramona ; Ruhnke, Simon ; Hertner, Laura ; Talebi, Nader ; Kühnert, Nora ; Brücker, Herbert ; Trocka, Caroline ;Zitatform
Gundacker, Lidwina, Laura Hertner, Nora Kühnert, Ramona Rischke, Simon Ruhnke, Nader Talebi, Caroline Trocka & Herbert Brücker (2026): Transnational Perspectives on Migration and Integration – TRANSMIT Surveys of Syrian Nationals and Their Neighbors in Lebanon and Turkey (2019–2023). In: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, Jg. 246, H. 1-2, S. 181-192., 2024-12-18. DOI:10.1515/jbnst-2024-0091
Abstract
"Migration scholars commonly study international migration and socio-economic integration separately, typically focusing on a single receiving country in the Global North. The TRANSMIT project adopts a transnational perspective, studying key migration routes to Europe via large-scale surveys among Syrians and their host communities in two major countries of mixed-migration contexts, namely Lebanon and Turkey. Both countries, in addition to their own history of emigration, host large refugee populations. The surveys cover both migration biographies and aspects of the socioeconomic participation of Syrian nationals. Surveying the host populations in equal terms allows researchers to examine local contexts and group differences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter Brill) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Data Manual -
Literaturhinweis
Unequal returns: gendered and origin-based disparities in initial refugee employment trajectories in Germany (2026)
Zitatform
Hartmann, Jörg & Yuliya Kosyakova (2026): Unequal returns: gendered and origin-based disparities in initial refugee employment trajectories in Germany. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, S. 1-26. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2026.2669616
Abstract
"This article examines origin- and gender-based disparities in labour-market integration of refugees in Germany, comparing Ukrainian refugees with refugees from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Using longitudinal data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Refugee Survey and the IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP Ukrainian Refugee Survey, we trace labour-force participation (LFP) and employment rates during the first three years after arrival. Our findings confirm the expected origin and gender gaps. Ukrainians outperform MENA refugees, and men outperform women in both LFP and employment rates. However, decomposition analyses reveal that these gaps are driven less by differences in pre-migration human capital, post-migration investments, caregiving responsibilities, or legal conditions as endowments. Instead, disparities in LFP are largely explained by differential returns to similar characteristics, particularly duration of stay and, for women, returns to language skills and not having children. Once selection into the labour force is accounted for, most employment gaps are reversed or disappear, indicating that early inequalities primarily arise from differential entry into LFP rather than unequal employment chances among participants. Overall, the findings highlight labour-force selection and unequal returns – rather than resource deficits – as central mechanisms shaping early refugee labour-market integration." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Taylor&Francis) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labour market entry and integration of refugees in Austria (2026)
Zitatform
Jestl, Stefan & Marina Tverdostup (2026): Labour market entry and integration of refugees in Austria. In: International Journal of Manpower, Jg. 47, H. 2, S. 306-344. DOI:10.1108/ijm-12-2024-0846
Abstract
"Purpose: This paper examines the labour market entry and integration of refugees and other (nonhumanitarian) migrants from middle- and low-income non-European countries who arrived in Austria between 2014 and 2016. Design/methodology/approach: Using rich administrative data that track the complete population of these migrant groups, we analyse the factors shaping their transition into and out of the first job in Austria, describe the characteristics of their initial employment, and assess job stability over time. The longitudinal nature of the dataset allows us to follow individuals' employment trajectories comprehensively from arrival until 2021. Findings: Although refugees took longer to obtain their first job, individual, household, and local labour market characteristics influenced their transition to employment in similar ways as for other migrants. Refugees and other migrants tended to enter similar job types, predominantly in low-wage segments. However, other migrants retained their first job for a longer period. While other migrants exited marginal employment relatively quickly, refugees often remained in marginal jobs as long as in full-time or part-time positions. Entry into higher-quality jobs (i.e. full-time employment) was associated with greater job stability, whereas entry into marginal jobs was linked to job instability, particularly among refugees. Originality/value: The study goes beyond existing research that mainly measures refugee integration through employment rates. Leveraging comprehensive administrative micro-level data, it highlights the importance of the first job in shaping refugees' subsequent labour market trajectories and long-term employment outcomes in Austria." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Role of Gender in Asylum Migration to Europe: Analyzing Country-Level Factors of Gendered Selection of Asylum Seekers to Europe (2026)
Zitatform
Schiele, Maximilian (2026): The Role of Gender in Asylum Migration to Europe: Analyzing Country-Level Factors of Gendered Selection of Asylum Seekers to Europe. In: Journal of Immigrant and Refugee Studies, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 565-580., 2023-12-15. DOI:10.1080/15562948.2023.2298515
Abstract
"While 50% of displaced individuals worldwide are female, women comprised only 31% of the people seeking asylum in Europe between 2008 and 2018. This study utilizes data from Eurostat on 5.6 million asylum-seekers between 2008 and 2018 to identify the country-level factors that drive this gendered selection. The effects are calculated using both a random effects panel model and a fixed effects panel model with clustered standard errors. The results suggest that country-level differences in the degree of gendered selection are largely driven by socio-demographic factors related to women’s social position within their country of origin." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Taylor & Francis) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitsintegration von Geflüchteten mit Schutzstatus in der Schweiz: eine Bilanz (2025)
Davolio, Miryam Eser; Fenicia, Tatjana; Vashikte, Inna; Müller-Suleymanova, Dilyara;Zitatform
Davolio, Miryam Eser, Tatjana Fenicia, Dilyara Müller-Suleymanova & Inna Vashikte (2025): Arbeitsintegration von Geflüchteten mit Schutzstatus in der Schweiz. Eine Bilanz. In: Migration und Soziale Arbeit, Jg. 47, H. 1, S. 75-83.
Abstract
"Die vom Autorinnenteam durchgeführte Monitoringstudie folgte einem Mixed-Methods-Ansatz mit einer Online-Befragung (N=389) im Frühjahr 2023 und vertiefenden qualitativen Interviews mit 34 Personen mit Schutzstatus im erwerbsfähigen Alter. Diese wurden über Online-Foren, Flyer und betreuende Organisationen in ukrainischer und russischer Sprache erreicht, wobei einige Teilnehmende auch ausserhalb des Kantons Zürich wohnten. (...) Auf Grundlage der Befragungsergebnisse wird in diesem Artikel der Zusammenhang der beruflichen Integration der Schutzsuchenden mit den oben genannten Herausforderungen wie Spracherwerb, der Bereitschaft, eine Position mit niedrigeren Qualifikationsanforderungen anzunehmen, der Organisation der Kinderbetreuung, mit der Bleibeabsicht und dem Bleiberecht, der sozialen Vernetzung und den gesundheitlichen Voraussetzungen analysiert." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Employability among refugees and how it is affected by public integration programmes (2025)
Zitatform
Jakobsen, Vibeke & Frederik Thuesen (2025): Employability among refugees and how it is affected by public integration programmes. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 51, H. 19, S. 5031-5057. DOI:10.1080/1369183x.2025.2479128
Abstract
"To secure employment in a new country, refugees often go through a series of steps to enhance their employability. While many governments seek to maximise refugee employment rates, we lack concepts for measuring progress in refugee employability and knowledge about which types of intervention enhance employability. We draw on research on employability and have developed a survey-based concept to measure different dimensions of refugee employability. We analyse how these dimensions predict employment outcomes among newly arrived refugees in Denmark, primarily from Syria. We also investigate the extent to which Danish public integration programmes affect these refugees’ progress in employability. The analyses exploit six waves of survey data collected from 2017 through 2019 that measure the refugees’ employability on a quarterly basis. Several dimensions in our concept of employability correlate positively with subsequent employment – primarily the refugees’ ‘conscientiousness and participation’, ‘health and coping’, and ‘job focus’. The analyses also show that participation in job-oriented programmes enhances refugees’ progress in employability – in particular the dimensions ‘conscientiousness and participation ’ and ‘health and coping’." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do Austrian Programmes Facilitate Labour Market Integration of Refugees? (2025)
Ortlieb, Renate ; Eggenhofer-Rehart, Petra ; Landesmann, Michael ; Leitner, Sandra; Hosner, Roland ;Zitatform
Ortlieb, Renate, Petra Eggenhofer-Rehart, Sandra Leitner, Roland Hosner & Michael Landesmann (2025): Do Austrian Programmes Facilitate Labour Market Integration of Refugees? In: International Migration, Jg. 63, H. 1. DOI:10.1111/imig.12784
Abstract
"This study examines two programmes aimed at integrating refugees into the Austrian labour market: a short‐term Skills Assessment and a longer‐term Integration Year that includes an internship and training. The theoretical framework draws on the concepts of social field and forms of capital proposed by Pierre Bourdieu. Using data from a large‐scale refugee survey in early 2019, we find that Austria’s short‐term Skills Assessment fails to increase refugees’ employment chances. The Integration Year positively helps employment, but this outcome is limited to refugee women. We conclude that integration programmes only help if they provide refugees with both cultural and social capital. Implications for research and practice are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do institutions matter for refugee integration? a comparison of case worker integration strategies in Switzerland and Canada (2025)
Zitatform
Otmani, Ihssane & Giuliano Bonoli (2025): Do institutions matter for refugee integration? a comparison of case worker integration strategies in Switzerland and Canada. In: Comparative Migration Studies, Jg. 13. DOI:10.1186/s40878-025-00470-y
Abstract
"In this paper we explore the extent to which differences in institutional settings, with a focus on the human capital formation regime, shape the integration trajectories proposed to recently- arrived refugees. To do so, we compare two countries, Switzerland and Canada, which are committed to implementing integration policy for refugees and belong to two different human capital formation regimes. We investigate whether ending up in a country with a collective skill formation system (Switzerland) limits refugee integration paths by “managing” their aspirations and directing them towards predefined options compared to a country with a more liberal human capital formation regime (Canada) where refugees may have more room of manoeuvre to fulfil their aspirations. In order to test this hypothesis, we used qualitative vignettes and compared integration paths proposed by case workers to refugees in a Swiss Canton (Vaud) and in a Canadian Province (Québec). We found that overall, the integration paths proposed are very similar, regardless of the institutional context. We reason that this largely unexpected result is due to the similarities in the overall orientation of integration policy; the similarity of the policy problem and labour market shortage in the low skill segment experienced in both countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) Strategy for Sustainable Job Creation in a Changing World of Work (2025)
Santayana, Maria Teresa Gutierrez;Zitatform
Santayana, Maria Teresa Gutierrez (2025): The Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) Strategy for Sustainable Job Creation in a Changing World of Work. (DIFIS-Impuls 2025,7), Duisburg ; Bremen, 4 S.
Abstract
"Germany has supported Syrian refugees through international and national initiatives. Starting in 2012, the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and the German Development Bank (KfW) helped Germany become the second-largest bilateral donor to Syria, contributing more than half a billion euros annually. During the 2015 crisis, Germany took in a large influx of Syrians; according to the German Office of Statistics, around 973,000 were living in Germany by the end of 2023. A total of 712,000 were granted refugee status, 41 % of them being women. The current impulse focuses on the mechanisms developed by the International Labour Organization (ILO) for job creation through public investment (JCPI) and implemented in partnership with the Federal Government of Germany as donor. The aim is to facilitate equal access to labour markets and promote the social and economic integration of Syrian refugees in both Jordan and Germany as host countries. The document seeks to contribute to DIFIS social policy research Field 2, which calls for inclusive strategies for a sustainable transition through social policies that mitigate the effects of the changing world of work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Sozialleistungen an Geflüchtete in ausgewählten europäischen Ländern (2025)
Zitatform
(2025): Sozialleistungen an Geflüchtete in ausgewählten europäischen Ländern. (Sachstand / Deutscher Bundestag, Wissenschaftliche Dienste), Berlin, 33 S.
Abstract
"Im Folgenden werden die Sozialleistungen an Geflüchtete – differenziert nach dem aufenthaltsrechtlichen Status – in Deutschland sowie weiteren ausgewählten Ländern Europas dargestellt. Die Ausführungen zu den Ländern Dänemark, Frankreich und Polen beruhen auf Informationen der jeweiligen Parlamentsverwaltungen sowie auf ergänzenden Recherchen. Die Darstellungen sind von unterschiedlicher Komplexität und Detailtiefe und erheben keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit sämtlicher in Frage kommender Leistungen. Sie enthalten insbesondere Angaben über die Sozialleistungen in den Bereichen Sicherung des Lebensunterhalts, Wohnen/Unterkunft sowie Gesundheitsversorgung. Im Hinblick auf die Komplexität der verschiedenen Sozialleistungsbereiche und die Vielfalt der Fallkonstellationen werden in dieser Arbeit zur besseren Nachvollziehbarkeit in erster Linie Leistungen an erwachsene Einzelpersonen und Regelfälle dargestellt. Des Weiteren erfolgt eine Darstellung zum Existenzminimum und zur Einkommenssituation in den jeweiligen Ländern." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Welfare Benefit Generosity and Refugee Integration (2024)
Zitatform
Arendt, Jacob Nielsen (2024): Welfare Benefit Generosity and Refugee Integration. In: International migration review, Jg. 58, H. 2, S. 706-733. DOI:10.1177/01979183231160713
Abstract
"This study examines how welfare benefit generosity impacts refugees' integration into their new country. The effects of welfare benefit generosity are identified from a policy reform that reduced welfare benefits, first for newly arrived refugees, and second for those who had been in the country for at least 10 months. The results suggest that refugees respond quickly to the benefit reduction, but men and women react on different margins. Male refugees enter employment faster when they experience a benefit reduction, whereas no effect on the labor market is found for female refugees. Even though some men succeed in finding a job, both men and women experience a drop in disposable income of 20 percent. This seems to adversely affect women as they seek more health care, are more often hospitalized, and are more often charged with property crimes. No such unintended effects are found for men." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
“You have to work…but you can't!”: Contradictions of the Active Labor Market Policies for Refugees and Asylum Seekers in the UK (2024)
Zitatform
Calo, Francesca, Tom Montgomery & Simone Baglioni (2024): “You have to work…but you can't!”: Contradictions of the Active Labor Market Policies for Refugees and Asylum Seekers in the UK. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 53, H. 3, S. 638-656. DOI:10.1017/S0047279422000502
Abstract
"The discourse of deservingness has been mobilized against certain groups in the UK society navigating UK labor markets, among them refugees and asylum seekers. These discourses, leading to the stigmatisation of the unemployed are coupled with an emphasis on the importance of individuals taking responsibility to develop their ‘employability’. Little attention has been paid to scrutinise the contrast between the deservingness rhetoric and policy making with the actual conditions newcomers, and in particular refugees and asylum seekers, are confronted with when seeking employment. Our paper fills such a gap by indicating key contradictions at the heart of labor market integration in the UK. On the one hand, the emphasis on deservingness is coupled with policy discourses that construct an environment shaped by welfare and labor market chauvinism. On the other hand, the policy architecture is fundamentally flawed in a number of ways in terms of the support mechanisms necessary to ensure that newcomers can successfully integrate into the labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labor market integration of refugees: RCT evidence from an early intervention program in Sweden (2024)
Zitatform
Dahlberg, Matz, Johan Egebark, Ulrika Vikman & Gülay Özcan (2024): Labor market integration of refugees: RCT evidence from an early intervention program in Sweden. In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Jg. 217, S. 614-630. DOI:10.1016/j.jebo.2023.11.026
Abstract
"This study uses a randomized controlled trial to evaluate a new program for increased labor market integration of refugees. The new program starts shortly after the residence permit is granted and uses three main components: early and intensive language training, work practice with supervisors, and job search assistance performed by professional caseworkers. The immediate and intensive assistance contrasts previous integration policies which typically constitute low-intensive help over long periods of time. We find large positive effects on employment of the program, with magnitudes corresponding to around 15 percentage points. A mediation analysis shows that 7–8 percent of the impact of the program seems to be explained by increases in documented language skills. Cost estimates suggest that the new policy is less expensive than earlier labor market programs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unintended Consequences of Welfare Cuts on Children and Adolescents (2024)
Zitatform
Dustmann, Christian, Rasmus Landersø & Lars Højsgaard Andersen (2024): Unintended Consequences of Welfare Cuts on Children and Adolescents. In: American Economic Journal. Applied Economics, Jg. 16, H. 4, S. 161-185. DOI:10.1257/app.20230519
Abstract
"This paper studies the effects of a large welfare benefit reduction on the children in the affected families. The welfare cut targeted adult refugees who received residency in Denmark, and it reduced their disposable income by 30 percent on average over the first five years. We show that children exposed to the welfare cut during preschool and school-age obtained lower GPAs, experienced reduced well-being and overall education levels, and suffered lower employment and earnings as adults. Children in their teens at exposure faced large increases in conviction probabilities for violent and property crimes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Low-skilled jobs, language proficiency, and job opportunities for refugees: an experimental study (2024)
Zitatform
Ek, Simon, Mats Hammarstedt & Per Skedinger (2024): Low-skilled jobs, language proficiency, and job opportunities for refugees: an experimental study. In: The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Jg. 126, H. 2, S. 355-386. DOI:10.1111/sjoe.12549
Abstract
"In a field experiment, we study the causal effects of previous experience and language skills when newly arrived Syrian refugees in Sweden apply for low ‐skilled jobs. We find no evidence of sizable effects from previous experience or completed language classes on the probability of receiving a callback from employers. However, female applicants were more likely than males to receive a positive response. As a complement to the experiment, we interview a select number of employers, which provides additional insights into how they judge candidates for low‐skilled jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Comparing the Effects of Policies for the Labor Market Integration of Refugees (2024)
Zitatform
Foged, Mette, Linea Hasager & Giovanni Peri (2024): Comparing the Effects of Policies for the Labor Market Integration of Refugees. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 42, H. S1, S. S335-S377. DOI:10.1086/728806
Abstract
"This paper reviews, reanalyzes, and extends to the long run the estimated effects of integration polices on the employment probability and earnings of refugees in Denmark. We first describe the dynamics of labor market outcomes of refugees in Denmark. We then find that increased language training and initial placement in strong labor markets improved refugees' long-run labor market outcomes, while cutting initial welfare payments and placing refugees near other refugees did not improve them. Policies focused on matching refugees with occupations experiencing shortages have positive short-run effects, but we cannot yet assess their long-run effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unequal access to protection? Selection patterns over arrival cohorts of Syrians seeking refuge in Lebanon, Turkey, and Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Gundacker, Lidwina, Sekou Keita & Simon A. Ruhnke (2024): Unequal access to protection? Selection patterns over arrival cohorts of Syrians seeking refuge in Lebanon, Turkey, and Germany. In: Frontiers in Human Dynamics, Jg. 5, S. 1-18., 2023-12-19. DOI:10.3389/fhumd.2023.1171885
Abstract
"An ample scholarly literature on voluntary migration has shown that migration is a highly selective process, resulting in migrant populations that often differ significantly from their respective population of origin in terms of their socio-demographic characteristics. The literature attributes these differences to either migrants' active choice and agency in the migration decision (i.e., self-selection), or to selectively applied external constraints. Although the socio-demographic make-up of forced migrant populations has received significant attention in public discourses in receiving countries such as Germany and Turkey, the literature on migrant selection largely focuses on voluntary migration and self-selection mechanisms. As a result, the selection mechanisms of forcibly displaced persons are less well-understood. Particularly in the context of forced migration, the conditions for migration fluctuate heavily within a relatively short time span, e.g., regarding immigration policies and border controls. In this study we contribute to that literature by exploring the changing conditions under which Syrians sought international humanitarian protection between 2013 and 2017 and linking them to the selection outcomes in three major receiving countries: Lebanon, Turkey, and Germany. Based on novel household survey data, we compare age, gender, socio-economic background, and family context of the Syrian populations in Lebanon, Turkey, and Germany by arrival cohort (2013–2017). In a narrative approach, we combinethe cohort analysis of Syrians in Lebanon, Turkey, and Germany with contextual analyses of the (changing) frameworks governing refugee migration in transit and destination countries and descriptive analyses of changing risk levels along migration routes into Europe. Our analyses reveal that higher external barriers coincide with a stronger selection in migrants' socio-demographic make-up. In particular, riskier routes and higher entry barriers are associated with a lower share of female migrants, a lower share traveling with family members, and a higher socio-economic background. In this study, we describe differences in forced migrants' selection outcomes in countries of first refuge neighboring the origin country, relative to a reception country in the global north. By establishing legal and political frameworks as well as the accessibility of routes as external barriers to forced migration we expand on the existing theoretical approaches to selection effects and identify a need for policy intervention to ensure equitable access to humanitarian protection." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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- Positionen und Stellungnahmen
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- Erwerbstätigkeit und Arbeitslosigkeit
- Geflüchtete im SGB II
- Löhne
- Arbeitsmarkteffekte der Flüchtlingszuwanderung
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