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Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten – Bildung und Arbeitsmarkt

Auf der Flucht vor Krieg und politischer Verfolgung verlassen viele Menschen ihr Heimatland und suchen Schutz und neue Perspektiven in Deutschland und beantragen Asyl. Die Beteiligung am Arbeitsmarkt wird häufig als Schlüssel für die gesellschaftliche Integration der Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten gesehen. Welche Qualifikationen bringen die Menschen mit, welche arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen sind hilfreich? Wie gehen die einzelnen Bundesländer damit um, welche Auswirkungen auf die deutsche Wirtschaft und die Sozialsysteme sind zu erwarten, wie sieht die Situation in anderen Ländern aus?
Dieses Themendossier stellt wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zum Thema zusammen und ermöglicht den Zugang zu weiterführenden Informationen sowie zu Positionen der politischen Akteure.
Literatur zur besonderen Situation der Geflüchteten aus der Ukraine finden Sie im Themendossier Auswirkungen des Krieges gegen die Ukraine auf Wirtschaft, Arbeitsmarkt und Fluchtmigration in Deutschland

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Children or productive adults? Infantilisation and exploitation of refugees in Germany and Austria (2024)

    Harbisch, Amelie;

    Zitatform

    Harbisch, Amelie (2024): Children or productive adults? Infantilisation and exploitation of refugees in Germany and Austria. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 50, H. 6, S. 1590-1608. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2023.2166908

    Abstract

    "The persisting poor labor market integration of refugees and asylum seekers is puzzling, especially given host states' declared desirability of refugees and asylum seekers being employed. Existing research on the determinants of refugees' lack of labor market integration has analyzed possible factors such as refugee health and education as well as host countries' policies and discrimination. Based on original ethnographic data generated in Berlin and Vienna in 2019, I argue that the poor labor market integration can be better understood when we consider colliding perceptions, called scripts, of refugees and asylum seekers: At the same time that they are constructed as potentially useful labor, they are also constructed as helpless children who can never quite be ready for the labor market. I present each script's ascriptions and prescriptions towards refugees and asylum seekers, show how these are enacted by the people subjected to them and analyse how disruptions occur when there are simultaneous, contradictory demands. Policy implications are that the host society's perceptions do matter and that integration measures must be reviewed with regard to their potentially infantilising tendencies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Left to Their Own Devices: Refugees’ Labour-Market Integration Challenges in Austria during the Covid-19 Pandemic (2023)

    Aigner, Petra; Bešić, Almina;

    Zitatform

    Aigner, Petra & Almina Bešić (2023): Left to Their Own Devices: Refugees’ Labour-Market Integration Challenges in Austria during the Covid-19 Pandemic. In: M.-L. Jakobson, R. King, L. Moroşanu & R. Vetik (Hrsg.) (2023): Anxieties of Migration and Integration in Turbulent Times, S. 77-93. DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-23996-0_5

    Abstract

    "Labour-market integration is understood as an important pillar in the successful integration processes of refugees into host societies. In the European Union at large and in Austria specifically, refugee integration processes regarding societies and the labour market have become hotly debated topics in public and scholarly debates. Focusing on Austria, this chapter analyses challenges and barriers to labour-market integration of refugees in crisis and beyond. Results from interviews with refugees indicate three areas of the pandemic’s impact: on employment search processes of refugees; the effect of digitalisation of communication; and increased feelings of disorientation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    wiiw Studies on the Integration of Middle Eastern Refugees in Austria, Based on FIMAS Surveys and Register-based Labour Market Career Data (2023)

    Jestl, Stefan; Mara, Isilda; Landesmann, Michael; Leitner, Sandra M. ; Tverdostup, Maryna ; Leitner, Sebastian;

    Zitatform

    Jestl, Stefan, Michael Landesmann, Sebastian Leitner, Sandra M. Leitner, Isilda Mara & Maryna Tverdostup (2023): wiiw Studies on the Integration of Middle Eastern Refugees in Austria, Based on FIMAS Surveys and Register-based Labour Market Career Data. (WIIW policy notes and reports 74), Wien, 48 S.

    Abstract

    "This Policy Note reports on the analyzes undertaken in a number of wiiw Working Papers that are the output of two projects financed by the Anniversary Fund of the Austrian National Bank (Project no. 18474 and no. 17166). Four of the papers are based on survey data from the FIMAS dataset, which has been compiled over the years by the International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD), together with wiiw, and which document the experiences of recent waves of refugees from Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq and Syria. The topics covered in these four papers are as follows. First, an analysis of the pattern of occupational status loss (or gain) that refugees experience in the course of the move from their home countries to the destination country (Austria), focusing on the move from the jobs they had prior to the move, to their first job in Austria and then to their second or current job. Second, an examination of the effectiveness of two of the labor market integration programs offered by the Austrian public employment service (AMS) the Competence Check and the Voluntary Integration Year program. Third, an investigation into the interrelationships between aspects of the 'social integration' and the 'labor market integration' of refugees. Fourth, an analysis of the factors determining (or related to) the mental health problems that this wave of refugees has had to cope with. A fifth paper is based on the register-based labor market career data provided by Statistics Austria it examines a number of issues (job entry, job quality, job stability) related to the trajectories of refugees' labor market experiences in Austria, compared to other non-European migrants from low- and medium-income countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The Labor Market Entry and Integration of Refugees and Other Migrants in Austria (2023)

    Jestl, Stefan; Tverdostup, Maryna ;

    Zitatform

    Jestl, Stefan & Maryna Tverdostup (2023): The Labor Market Entry and Integration of Refugees and Other Migrants in Austria. (WIIW working paper 231), Wien, 45 S.

    Abstract

    "This paper analyzes the labor market entry of refugees and other (non-humanitarian) migrants originating from middle- and low-income non-European countries that arrived in Austria in 2014-2016. Specifically, we analyze factors that shaped the transition to and out of the first job in the Austrian labour market, document the characteristics of the first job and explore job stability in Austria. Even though refugees took longer to find a job, individual and household characteristics, as well as labor market indicators, are associated with the time between arrival and the first job in Austria, similar to other migrants. Refugees and other migrants also found similar job types as their entry jobs, which tended to be located in low-wage segments. The results, however, suggest that other migrants held their first job, on average, for a longer time than refugees. Although other migrants quit their first job relatively quickly when it was marginal employment, refugees tended to hold marginal jobs as long as full-time and part-time jobs. Finally, our results suggest that entry jobs with a higher quality in terms of working hours and wages (i.e. full-time jobs) tended to be linked with job stability, while entry jobs with a lower quality (i.e. marginal jobs) tended to be associated with job instability for both refugees and other migrants. The results of the paper showcase the importance of immediate access to various training and re-education programs for refugees to improve the quality of their entry jobs and their long-term prospects in the Austrian labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Occupational Trajectories Among Refugees in Austria: The Role of Co-ethnic and Austrian Social Networks in Job Search (2023)

    Leitner, Sandra M. ;

    Zitatform

    Leitner, Sandra M. (2023): Occupational Trajectories Among Refugees in Austria: The Role of Co-ethnic and Austrian Social Networks in Job Search. (WIIW working paper 232), Wien, 44 S.

    Abstract

    "This paper analyses occupational trajectories of refugees from their last job in the home country to their first and current jobs in Austria and the role of co-ethnic and Austrian social networks in job search, using data from a large-scale survey of recognized refugees from Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq and Iran who have predominantly come to Austria since 2010, thereby covering the strong refugee wave of 2015 2016. The results corroborate a U-shaped pattern, with a sharp initial occupational loss followed by a rather moderate occupational recovery. Although native social networks play no role for occupational changes, co-ethnic social networks – particularly when used as a stand-alone job search strategy – prove detrimental along the entire trajectory. However, co-ethnic social networks are beneficial if used in combination with the Austrian labor market service or NGOs. Some refugees prove particularly vulnerable, such as older refugees or highly educated refugees who undergo more pronounced initial occupational downgrading, with subsequent occupational upgrading either limited or absent." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Labour Market Integration Programmes for Refugees in Austria: Do they Really Work and for Whom? (2023)

    Mara, Isilda;

    Zitatform

    Mara, Isilda (2023): Labour Market Integration Programmes for Refugees in Austria: Do they Really Work and for Whom? (WIIW working paper 234), Wien, 49 S.

    Abstract

    "In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of the participation of refugees in integration programs intended to help them gain employment. The specific programmes considered are the Competence Check program and the Integration Year program that were introduced in Austria around the time of the 2015 crisis, when refugees poured from the Middle East into the EU. The study is based on the fourth and fifth waves of a survey (FIMAS) of refugees from Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran and Syria in Austria, and it uses matching models to evaluate the effects on employment of participation in those two programs. More specifically, it applies multivariate matching methods that ensure better balancing properties between the control and the treated groups. We find especially positive effects of the programs on the employability of women, the poorly educated, younger and older age cohorts. These programs thus seem to work specifically for those that find themselves in a more vulnerable labor market situation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Die Bedeutung des lokalen Kontexts für die soziale Teilhabe geflüchteter Frauen: Ländliche Räume als Potenzial? (2022)

    Manahl, Caroline;

    Zitatform

    Manahl, Caroline (2022): Die Bedeutung des lokalen Kontexts für die soziale Teilhabe geflüchteter Frauen. Ländliche Räume als Potenzial? In: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Jg. 47, H. 2, S. 133-154. DOI:10.1007/s11614-022-00478-z

    Abstract

    "In rezenten Forschungsarbeiten zu Zuwanderung in ländlichen Räumen wird ruralen Gebieten ein hohes Potenzial für Eingliederungsprozesse zugeschrieben. Besonders der Aufbau sozialer Beziehungen soll Zugewanderten in solchen Gebieten leichter gelingen und wiederum für andere Bereiche von Integration förderlich sein (z. B. für die Suche nach Wohnraum bzw. nach einer Beschäftigung). Dieser Beitrag überprüft, ob sich solche positiven Effekte ländlicher Gebiete im Vergleich zu städtischen Räumen am Beispiel geflüchteter Frauen in Vorarlberg nachweisen lassen. Dazu wird eine bi- und multivariate Analyse von Befragungsdaten durchgeführt, die in der praktischen Integrationsarbeit in Vorarlberg erhoben wurden. Dabei zeigt sich, dass geflüchtete Frauen, die in ruralen Kontexten wohnen, seltener am Erwerbsleben und an sozialen Beziehungen in ihrem lokalen Umfeld teilhaben als geflüchtete Frauen im städtischen Raum. Zudem wird ersichtlich, dass Nachbarschaften, ehrenamtliche Helfer*innen und lokale Austausch- und Begegnungsangebote wichtige Gelegenheitsstrukturen für geflüchtete Frauen sind, um Kontakte aufzubauen. Nachbarschaften in städtischen Gebieten scheinen hierfür allerdings bessere Rahmenbedingungen zu bieten als Nachbarschaften im ländlichen Raum und auch der Zugang zu Begegnungsangeboten scheint geflüchteten Frauen in der Stadt eher zu gelingen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Educational Transitions in War and Refugee Contexts: Youth Biographies in Afghanistan and Austria (2022)

    Thoma, Nadja ; Langer, Phil C.;

    Zitatform

    Thoma, Nadja & Phil C. Langer (2022): Educational Transitions in War and Refugee Contexts: Youth Biographies in Afghanistan and Austria. In: Social Inclusion, Jg. 10, H. 2, S. 302-312. DOI:10.17645/si.v10i2.5156

    Abstract

    "This article addresses educational transitions under conditions of multiple insecurities. By analyzing empirical data of two research projects with youths in Afghanistan and refugee students in Austria, we show how young peoplemake sense of the social and educational inequalities they encounter on their educational pathways within different national, socio‐political, and institutional contexts. We present in‐depth analyses of two cases to elaborate how young people in different parts of the world conceive of their futures when basic security needs are not met, and how they make sense of the social and educational inequalities they face during their transition processes. After living through repeatedly fractured perspectives, young people have to make sense of their biographical experiences and continuously (re)design their plans while facing uncertain futures. In the Afghan Youth Project, we reconstructed a collective—and morally charged—biographical orientation of future plans. This orientation can also be understood as a critical response to persistent fragility and inequality and suggests an imagined generational hold and sense of belonging. In the Austrian project Translating Wor(l)ds, we reconstructed continuing experiences of educational exclusion, marginalization, and devaluation in different migration societies throughout refugee routes. Educational transitions, which can be challenging for all young people, take on special relevance under these conditions. Combining biographical and socio‐psychological research perspectives allows us to reconstruct educational processes as cumulative, non‐linear processes and to reveal the ambiguities, contradictions, and ruptures woven into them, as well as the subjects' constructions of sense and agency." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The Value of Formal Host-Country Education for the Labour Market Position of Refugees: Evidence from Austria (2021)

    Ludolph, Lars ;

    Zitatform

    Ludolph, Lars (2021): The Value of Formal Host-Country Education for the Labour Market Position of Refugees: Evidence from Austria. (CESifo working paper 9241), München, 65 S.

    Abstract

    "Refugees hosted across the developed world often work in low-quality jobs, regardless of education previously attained in their country of origin. In this paper, I analyse the long-term value of formal host-country education for refugees using the example of forcefully displaced Bosnians who arrived in Austria during the 1992-1995 Bosnian war. Deploying 22 years of Austrian microcensus data, I exploit the age at the time of forced migration as an instrument for the probability of receiving host-country instead of origin country education to recover local average treatment effects of education attained in Austria vis-à-vis Bosnia on labour market outcomes for refugees aged around schooling thresholds. These estimates show that attaining a formal degree in the host-country significantly reduces the probability of work below educational attainment and low-skill employment over the entire observation period. Income differences between Austrian and Bosnian degree holders are visible after more than two decades of stay in Austria. The discount on Bosnian education declines over time for men but not for women, suggesting that host-country degrees are particularly important to groups that faced cultural barriers to quality employment in their country of origin." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Geflüchtete Menschen zwischen Bleibestatus und Arbeitsmarktintegration (2021)

    Reder, Martina;

    Zitatform

    Reder, Martina (2021): Geflüchtete Menschen zwischen Bleibestatus und Arbeitsmarktintegration. In: WISO, Jg. 44, H. 1, S. 11-31.

    Abstract

    "Der Beitrag beleuchtet die Situation von geflüchteten Menschen, die im Zuge der sogenannten „Flüchtlingswelle 2015“ nach Österreich gekommen sind und einen Asylantrag gestellt haben. Anhand von Expert*innenaussagen und Literaturbefunden werden einige zentrale Herausforderungen in den Themenfeldern Aufenthaltsstatus, Wohnraum, Sprache, Gesundheit, Bildung und Arbeitsmarkt aufgezeigt und am Ende des Beitrags der Blick auf mögliche Ansatzpunkte hin zu einer gleichwürdigen Integration von geflüchteten Menschen gerichtet." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © ISW-Linz)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Prozesse der Arbeitsmarktintegration von Flüchtlingen und subsidiär Schutzberechtigten in Österreich: Forschungsbericht der dritten Welle des FIMAS-Flüchtlingssurveys: FIMAS+INTEGRATION 2 (2020)

    Baumgartner, Paul; Daur, Valentin; Hosner, Roland ; Bilger, Veronika; Palinkas, Meike;

    Zitatform

    Baumgartner, Paul, Meike Palinkas & Valentin Daur (2020): Prozesse der Arbeitsmarktintegration von Flüchtlingen und subsidiär Schutzberechtigten in Österreich. Forschungsbericht der dritten Welle des FIMAS-Flüchtlingssurveys: FIMAS+INTEGRATION 2. (AMS-Arbeitsmarktstrukturbericht), Wien, 79 S.

    Abstract

    "Aufgrund der überragenden Bedeutung der Arbeitsmarktteilnahme für den Integrationsprozess stand die Arbeitsmarktintegration schon bei den vorangegangenen FIMAS-Erhebungen (FIMAS; FIMAS+INTEGRATION; FIMAS+INTEGRATION 2) im Vordergrund; sie steht auch im Zentrum dieser Studie. In der Literatur gilt Erwerbsarbeit als Grundpfeiler ganzheitlicher Integration, die neben finanzieller Selbstständigkeit auch soziale Kontakte zur Aufnahmegesellschaft, Spracherwerb und gesellschaftliche Anerkennung fördert (...). Allerdings erfolgt aufgrund der vergleichsweise schlechten Startvoraussetzungen einer Fluchtbiografie (...) der Einstieg in die Erwerbstätigkeit bei Geflüchteten durchschnittlich langsamer und schwerer als bei anderen Zuwanderungsgruppen. Generell können zum einen Faktoren wie Alter, Geschlecht, Bildung und Ausbildung, Gesundheit oder Betreuungspflichten eine grundlegende Rolle im Prozess der Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt des Aufnahmelandes spielen. Zum anderen sind auch Berufserfahrung vor der Einreise, unterschiedliche Sprachkenntnisse und Kategorien des Aufenthaltsstatus Merkmale, die die Perspektiven und somit auch Dimension der Partizipation am Arbeitsmarkt maßgeblich beeinflussen. Prinzipiell gilt, dass bei längerer Dauer des Aufenthaltes im Aufnahmeland die sozio-ökonomische Integration von Geflüchteten zunimmt." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Integrating refugees through active labour market policy: A comparative survey experiment (2020)

    Fossati, Flavia ; Liechti, Fabienne ;

    Zitatform

    Fossati, Flavia & Fabienne Liechti (2020): Integrating refugees through active labour market policy: A comparative survey experiment. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 30, H. 5, S. 601-615. DOI:10.1177/0958928720951112

    Abstract

    "In the wake of the recent increase in the inflows of refugees to Europe, governments have made considerable investments in public policies aimed at facilitating the labour market integration of refugees. Despite these efforts, the labour market participation of refugees remains low. This situation raises the question of whether employers actually appreciate these public policies and whether refugees’ participation in specific active labour market policies (ALMPs), such as work practice or wage subsidies, increases their likelihood of being hired. In this article, we take a novel approach and combine employers’ evaluations of specific ALMPs with their attitudes towards refugees. We argue that these labour market policies can only be successful when employers hold positive attitudes towards refugees in the first place. We investigate this question by means of a factorial survey experiment with employers in Austria, Germany and Sweden. Our results show that, indeed, employers’ evaluations of fictional refugee candidates who participated in ALMPs are influenced by their attitudes towards this group. Participation in these policy measures is regarded positively only by those employers who already hold positive attitudes towards refugees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Refugees' Integration into the Austrian Labour Market: Dynamics of Occupational Mobility and Job-Skills Mismatch (2020)

    Landesmann, Michael; Leitner, Sandra M. ;

    Zitatform

    Landesmann, Michael & Sandra M. Leitner (2020): Refugees' Integration into the Austrian Labour Market: Dynamics of Occupational Mobility and Job-Skills Mismatch. (WIIW working paper 188), Wien, 36 S.

    Abstract

    "This paper analyses the employment experiences of the recent wave of Middle Eastern refugees (from Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan and Iran) in the Austrian job market. The emphasis in this research was to investigate whether refugees experienced an initial (sharp) downgrade in their occupational status when they accepted their first employment, compared with the occupation they had in their home country, and then whether (and to what extent) such a downgrade had been followed by an upgrade in the jobs they currently hold. This U-shaped pattern of occupational trajectories is familiar in the migration literature, and it is here tested using data from two survey waves of recent refugees in the Austrian labour market. The paper also analyses, in its second part, subjective assessments of refugees as to whether they feel that they are 'over-' or 'under-' qualified (regarding their previous educational attainment levels and work experiences) for the jobs in which they are currently employed. In both exercises, we report results regarding the heterogeneity across groups of refugees by age, gender, the specific occupations they held in their home country, their educational attainment levels, their country of origin, and whether they obtained refugee status as first-time asylum applicants or through family reunion. We also refer, in the section on 'job-skills' (mis)match, to further factors such as the refugees' (mental) health state and the degree of their social integration with the host population." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Do Austrian Programmes Facilitate Labour Market Integration of Refugees? (2020)

    Ortlieb, Renate ; Leitner, Sandra; Hosner, Roland ; Landesmann, Michael; Eggenhofer-Rehart, Petra;

    Zitatform

    Ortlieb, Renate, Petra Eggenhofer-Rehart, Sandra Leitner, Roland Hosner & Michael Landesmann (2020): Do Austrian Programmes Facilitate Labour Market Integration of Refugees? In: International Migration online erschienen am 21.10.2020, S. 1-24. DOI:10.1111/imig.12784

    Abstract

    "This study examines two programmes aimed at integrating refugees into the Austrian labour market: a short‐term Skills Assessment and a longer‐term Integration Year that includes an internship and training. The theoretical framework draws on the concepts of social field and forms of capital proposed by Pierre Bourdieu. Using data from a large‐scale refugee survey in early 2019, we find that Austria’s short‐term Skills Assessment fails to increase refugees’ employment chances. The Integration Year positively helps employment, but this outcome is limited to refugee women. We conclude that integration programmes only help if they provide refugees with both cultural and social capital. Implications for research and practice are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Job quality of refugees in Austria: Trade-offs between multiple workplace characteristics (2020)

    Ortlieb, Renate ; Weiss, Silvana;

    Zitatform

    Ortlieb, Renate & Silvana Weiss (2020): Job quality of refugees in Austria: Trade-offs between multiple workplace characteristics. In: German Journal of Human Resource Management, Jg. 34, H. 4, S. 418-442. DOI:10.1177/2397002220914224

    Abstract

    "Do employers tend to exploit refugees or do they offer them high-quality jobs? This article examines the job quality of refugees from Afghanistan and Syria working in Austria. It uses unique survey data of 316 refugees and cluster analysis to identify job quality profiles. Drawing on well-established job quality frameworks, it considers multiple dimensions of job quality, including pay, job security, overqualification in terms of level and content area, learning opportunities, at-home feeling and health aspects. The findings reveal four job quality profiles with considerable trade-offs or compromises between job quality dimensions. Furthermore, the job quality profiles are associated with the methods refugees use to find a job. The study enhances understanding of labour market integration of refugees and the associated role of human resource management." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Role of public services in integrating refugees and asylum seekers (2019)

    Bešić, Almina; Ulcica, Irina; Rose, Norma; Konle-Seidl, Regina; Puts, Elbereth; Fóti, Klára; van Nierop, Petra; Vajai, Dóra; Vasileva, Veronika;

    Zitatform

    Bešić, Almina, Klára Fóti, Veronika Vasileva, Petra van Nierop, Elbereth Puts, Norma Rose, Irina Ulcica, Dóra Vajai & Regina Konle-Seidl (2019): Role of public services in integrating refugees and asylum seekers. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Luxembourg, 58 S. DOI:10.2806/595692

    Abstract

    "This study explores the role of public services in the social integration of refugees and asylum seekers. It focuses not only on employment, but also on aspects such as housing, social inclusion, health and education services. It examines a range of integration measures adopted in five EU Member States (Austria, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden) in an attempt to identify the main challenges and the lessons learnt. The countries selected vary in terms of the scale of the inflow, tradition of receiving refugees, labour market conditions, social assistance systems and presence of other migrant groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Konle-Seidl, Regina;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Employment Gaps Between Refugees, Migrants and Natives: Evidence from Austrian Register Based Labour Market Data (2019)

    Jestl, Stefan; Wanek-Zajic, Barbara; Landesmann, Michael; Leitner, Sebastian;

    Zitatform

    Jestl, Stefan, Michael Landesmann, Sebastian Leitner & Barbara Wanek-Zajic (2019): Employment Gaps Between Refugees, Migrants and Natives: Evidence from Austrian Register Based Labour Market Data. (WIIW working paper 167), Wien, 56 S.

    Abstract

    "This paper analyses labour market integration in Austria of non-European refugees originating from middle and low income countries for the period 2009-2018. We assess their probability of being employed in comparison to non-humanitarian migrants, European third country immigrants and natives. We draw on a register based panel dataset covering the complete labour market careers of all individuals residing in Austria. We control for macro level explanatory variables (e.g. the labour market situation at the time and the place of settlement) and individual characteristics. The analysis shows that initial refugee employment gaps are large in the first years when labour market access is difficult. After a period of seven years the unconditional gap between refugees and natives declines to 30 percentage points, similar to the one of non-humanitarian migrants, but the gap is still further decreasing. After controlling for a set of additional explanatory variables, the conditional gap amounts to only 10 percentage points at the same time. Moreover, our analysis provides insights into differences between employment gaps across population subgroups of immigrant groups and natives by gender, age and education level. Disclaimer Research for this paper was financed by the Anniversary Fund of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Project No. 17166). Support provided by Oesterreichische Nationalbank for this research is gratefully acknowledged." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Die lange Dauer der Flucht - Analysen aus Wissenschaft und Praxis (2019)

    Kohlbacher, Josef; Six-Hohenbalken, Maria;

    Zitatform

    Kohlbacher, Josef & Maria Six-Hohenbalken (Hrsg.) (2019): Die lange Dauer der Flucht - Analysen aus Wissenschaft und Praxis. (ISR-Forschungsberichte 49), Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 347 S.

    Abstract

    Geflüchtete bestimmen in der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung seit der "refugee crisis" von 2015/16 die integrationsbezogenen Debatten in den meisten Staaten der EU, denn die Flüchtlingszuwanderung aus dem Nahen und Mittleren Osten sowie aus Nordafrika hat Europa vor neue Herausforderungen gestellt. Die Beantwortung der Frage, wie die gesellschaftliche Teilhabe der Geflüchteten zu realisieren ist und auf welche Weise die Integration langfristig gelingt, besitzt hohe gesellschaftspolitische Relevanz. Im vorliegenden Band werden strukturelle und soziale Bereiche der Integration sowie auch individuelle Orientierungen und Teilhabeperspektiven von Geflüchteten dargestellt. Die Analysen wurden teils von Wissenschaftler/inne/n teils von Praktiker/inne/n der Integrationsarbeit verfasst und beziehen sich einerseits auf Diskurse von Flucht und Mobilität und andererseits auf das Ankommen und die Partizipation in Österreich. Es werden Ergebnisse von empirischen Forschungsprojekten zu so vielfältigen Themen wie der Wohnungs- und Arbeitsmarktintegration, zur Bildungsstruktur, zu Wertvorstellungen und sozialen Netzwerken sowie zum individuellen Wohlbefinden präsentiert. Des Weiteren werden Praxisfelder der Hilfe mit dem Fokus auf dem ehrenamtlichen Engagement für und von Geflüchtete(n) berücksichtigt. Zwei Interviews mit Expert/inn/en über die lange Dauer der Flucht und Herausforderungen im Feld der Inklusion runden den Inhalt dieses vielfältigen Bandes ab.

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Various Domains of Integration of Refugees and their Interrelationships: A Study of Recent Refugee Inflows in Austria (2019)

    Landesmann, Michael; Leitner, Sandra M. ;

    Zitatform

    Landesmann, Michael & Sandra M. Leitner (2019): Various Domains of Integration of Refugees and their Interrelationships: A Study of Recent Refugee Inflows in Austria. (WIIW working paper 168), Wien, 72 S.

    Abstract

    "This paper addresses the complexity of, and the interrelationships between, two important aspects of integration of refugees in Austria, namely labour market integration and social integration. While labour market integration is captured in terms of being employed as compared to being unemployed or inactive, social integration distinguishes between social networks and their ethnic composition and social capital. It identifies the key determinants of each of these domains of integration and investigates the direction as well as the size of interdependencies among them. The analysis uses a unique dataset built on the basis of a survey of about 1,600 refugees from Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan and Iran who had come to Austria since 2010. The analysis establishes an important causal link between social integration and labour market integration (i.e. employment). Both social network effects with Austrians as well as with co-ethnics are important in this context but the former is more powerful than the latter. It shows that both education and length of stay are key determinants of successful labour market integration. Furthermore, tests regarding the relevance of language command for both social and labour market integration show the strong importance of speaking and understanding German, and much less so, of writing German. Disclaimer Research for this paper was financed by the Anniversary Fund of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Project No. 17166). Support provided by Oesterreichische Nationalbank for this research is gratefully acknowledged." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Asylum-seekers and the 'hyper-precarity trap' in Austria, Finland and Italy (2019)

    Schenner, Johanna K.; Ollus, Natalia; Cavanna, Paola;

    Zitatform

    Schenner, Johanna K., Paola Cavanna & Natalia Ollus (2019): Asylum-seekers and the 'hyper-precarity trap' in Austria, Finland and Italy. In: Transfer, Jg. 25, H. 1, S. 81-99. DOI:10.1177/1024258918816938

    Abstract

    "Ausgehend von semi-strukturierten Interviews und Sekundärforschung trägt dieser Artikel zu einem differenzierteren Verständnis der Frage bei, wie Asylbewerber in Österreich, Finnland und Italien in die Falle der 'Hyperprekarität' gelangen können und wie vulnerabel sie im Vergleich zu anderen Arbeitnehmergruppen sind. Der erste Abschnitt des Artikels erläutert die unterschiedlichen Geschehnisse in Österreich, Finnland und Italien in Bezug auf die Aufnahme von Asylbewerbern, bevor er die jüngste Arbeitsmarktdynamik jedes dieser Länder beschreibt. Es folgt eine theoretische Diskussion über die verschiedenen Elemente der 'Hyperprekaritätsfalle', wie sie von Asylbewerbern erlebt werden. Zu diesen Elementen gehören Diskussionen über Prekarität, Vulnerabilität und Rechtsetzung. Im dritten Abschnitt wird erläutert, wie die Interviews und die Sekundärforschung durchgeführt und analysiert wurden. Der vierte und letzte Abschnitt des Artikels stellt die Ergebnisse und ihre Bedeutung vor." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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