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Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten – Bildung und Arbeitsmarkt

Auf der Flucht vor Krieg und politischer Verfolgung verlassen viele Menschen ihr Heimatland und suchen Schutz und neue Perspektiven in Deutschland und beantragen Asyl. Die Beteiligung am Arbeitsmarkt wird häufig als Schlüssel für die gesellschaftliche Integration der Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten gesehen. Welche Qualifikationen bringen die Menschen mit, welche arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen sind hilfreich? Wie gehen die einzelnen Bundesländer damit um, welche Auswirkungen auf die deutsche Wirtschaft und die Sozialsysteme sind zu erwarten, wie sieht die Situation in anderen Ländern aus?
Dieses Themendossier stellt wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zum Thema zusammen und ermöglicht den Zugang zu weiterführenden Informationen sowie zu Positionen der politischen Akteure.
Literatur zur besonderen Situation der Geflüchteten aus der Ukraine finden Sie im Themendossier Auswirkungen des Krieges gegen die Ukraine auf Wirtschaft, Arbeitsmarkt und Fluchtmigration in Deutschland

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Success or Self-Sufficiency? The Role of Race in Refugees' Long-Term Economic Outcomes (2023)

    Tesfai, Rebbeca ;

    Zitatform

    Tesfai, Rebbeca (2023): Success or Self-Sufficiency? The Role of Race in Refugees' Long-Term Economic Outcomes. In: Journal of Refugee Studies, Jg. 36, H. 1, S. 156-189. DOI:10.1093/jrs/feac066

    Abstract

    "The United States has always prided itself as providing safe haven to those who are persecuted. Yet, the United States did not develop policy for admitting and resettling refugees until 1980. Unlike Asians and Europeans, African refugees in the 1980s were chosen primarily based on skill, but no research thus far examines whether this strategy led to greater long-term economic success for African refugees. This article examines racial differences in refugees’ likelihood of living in poverty, receiving welfare income, engaging in full-time employment and wages between 1990 and 2019. I find that refugees show improvement in all four outcomes. African refugees, however, earn less than nearly all other groups in all time periods suggesting blocked mobility, particularly among men. Analyses focus on the 1982–1987 entry cohort of refugees who had access to more assistance than future cohorts. Consequently, these findings likely show the best-case scenario for refugees’ long-term economic outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    To work or not? Wages or subsidies?: Copula-based evidence of subsidized refugees' negative selection into employment (2022)

    Shin, Seonho ;

    Zitatform

    Shin, Seonho (2022): To work or not? Wages or subsidies?: Copula-based evidence of subsidized refugees' negative selection into employment. In: Empirical economics, Jg. 63, H. 4, S. 2209-2252. DOI:10.1007/s00181-022-02202-y

    Abstract

    "Despite increasing interest in topics related to refugees, economic literature has remained mostly silent on how refugees make labor supply decisions in their initial resettlement period, during which their host government provides various care and financial assistance. This paper fills that void by applying the copula-based selection model, which is free from the restrictive joint normality assumption, to a unique, high-dimensional data set of refugees who resettled in the US. Its selection parameter estimates suggest that subsidized refugees negatively select themselves into employment in terms of unobserved wage potential, which, according to the theoretical model, should be attributed primarily to the fact that (i) their reservation wages are rigid due to host-provided, non-labor income and (ii) host country employers discount refugees' unobserved human capital components substantially. As a result, employed refugees' wages, all observable factors held constant, are lower than the counterfactual wages of non-employed refugees, which contradicts what is usual in conventional labor markets. This devaluation-based skill paradox is more pronounced in regions unfriendly to refugees, and the negative pattern temporarily reversed immediately after the 9/11 attacks, which represented a huge adverse shock to non-natives in the US labor market, suggesting that subsidized refugees' labor supply decisions are influenced greatly by their expectations regarding future labor market outcomes. Possible explanations are discussed based on a simple theoretical model in the context of the US refugee resettlement system." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Job Retention Among Resettled Refugees in The US: The Importance of Context (2021)

    Crea, Thomas M.; Weber, Alexandra; Tobin, Emma; Young, Ann-Elizabeth; Ko, Christian;

    Zitatform

    Crea, Thomas M., Emma Tobin, Ann-Elizabeth Young, Christian Ko & Alexandra Weber (2021): Job Retention Among Resettled Refugees in The US: The Importance of Context. In: Journal of Refugee Studies, Jg. 34, H. 2, S. 2074-2092. DOI:10.1093/jrs/feaa088

    Abstract

    "The primary objective of the US refugee resettlement program is for beneficiaries to achieve economic self-sufficiency. Yet, little research has examined the extent to which this objective has been achieved, nor the programmatic and contextual variables that influence this outcome. This study examines how beneficiaries’ individual and job characteristics are associated with the likelihood of job retention after 90 days of employment. Data were obtained on 1787 refugees served by the International Institute of New England from March 2015 to January 2019. Logistic regression models were used to examine the predictors of retention in four cities (Boston, MA; Lowell, MA; Manchester, NH; and Nashua, NH). Different patterns emerged across cities, related to factors such as pay, educational level, legal immigration status, job permanency, and gender. The concept of self-sufficiency is closely linked to the context of resettlement and thus requires more careful articulation as a goal of the refugee resettlement program." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    'We know more than that': The Underemployment Experiences of College-educated Iraqi Refugees Living in the US (2021)

    Disney, Lindsey R. ; Jamal, Ziad S.; McPherson, Jane;

    Zitatform

    Disney, Lindsey R., Jane McPherson & Ziad S. Jamal (2021): 'We know more than that': The Underemployment Experiences of College-educated Iraqi Refugees Living in the US. In: Journal of Refugee Studies, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. 1168-1184. DOI:10.1093/jrs/feaa128

    Abstract

    "Underemployment (i.e. a skilled worker in a low-skill job) has a negative impact on life satisfaction, and college-educated refugees often experience underemployment in the countries where they are resettled. Using interviews, this small-scale study explores college-educated Iraqi refugees’ experiences of employment in the US, and how employment experiences impact their resettlement and life satisfaction. Our participants share a complex picture of gratitude and loss, and a common framework for making short-term and long-term employment and education decisions post-resettlement. Our findings support the hypothesis that employment is one of the most influential areas of a refugee’s resettlement experience." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The Labour Market Effects of a Refugee Wave: A Replication Study of Peri and Yasenov (Journal of Human Resources, 2019) (2020)

    Christl, Michael ;

    Zitatform

    Christl, Michael (2020): The Labour Market Effects of a Refugee Wave. A Replication Study of Peri and Yasenov (Journal of Human Resources, 2019). In: International Journal for Re-Views in Empirical Economics, Jg. 4. DOI:10.18718/81781.19

    Abstract

    "Peri and Yasenov (2019) exploit a natural experiment, the Mariel boatlift of 1980, to analyse the impact of immigration on wages and other labour market outcomes of natives. The authors find no impact of this (immigrant) labour supply shock on the wages of local workers. These results are heavily discussed in the literature, making it a good example for replication to check the robustness of the findings. This paper analyses the impact of the selection of control variables when choosing the synthetic control group and the influence of the sample choice on the findings of the original study. The replication exercise shows that the original results are very stable to several robustness checks. Even though restricting the analysis to a smaller sample influences the results slightly, there is still no evidence of a significant (negative) impact of the labour supply shock on wages of locals" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Housing policy and employment outcomes for refugees (2019)

    Bevelander, Pieter; Mata, Fernando; Pendakur, Ravi ;

    Zitatform

    Bevelander, Pieter, Fernando Mata & Ravi Pendakur (2019): Housing policy and employment outcomes for refugees. In: International Migration, Jg. 57, H. 3, S. 134-154. DOI:10.1111/imig.12569

    Abstract

    "With the rise of refugee flows in both Europe and North America, resettlement policies and programmes aimed at enhancing the integration of refugees have come to the fore. The goal of this article is to look at the impact of asylum reception policies on longer term integration. Internationally such policies can range from placing asylum seekers in reception centres (the Netherlands) to dispersal policies aimed at locating asylum seekers in smaller centres (Denmark) to an open system such as Canada in which asylum seekers are pushed into the free market as soon as they are processed. Our study explores this issue through the analysis of a unique policy in Sweden allowing us to focus on the housing choice made by asylum seekers arriving at the border." (Text excerpt, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The labor market integration of refugees to the United States: do entrepreneurs in the network help? (2019)

    Dagnelie, Olivier; Maystadt, Jean-François; Mayda, Anna Maria;

    Zitatform

    Dagnelie, Olivier, Anna Maria Mayda & Jean-François Maystadt (2019): The labor market integration of refugees to the United States. Do entrepreneurs in the network help? In: European Economic Review, Jg. 111, H. January, S. 257-272. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2018.10.001

    Abstract

    "We investigate whether entrepreneurs in the network of refugees - from the same country of origin - help refugees enter the labor market by hiring them. We analyze the universe of refugee cases without U.S. ties who were resettled in the United States between 2005 and 2010. We address threats to identification due to refugees sorting into specific labor markets and to strategic placement by resettlement agencies. We find that the probability that refugees are employed 90 days after arrival is positively affected by the number of business owners in their network, but negatively affected by the number of those who are employees. This suggests that network members who are entrepreneurs hire refugees, while network members working as employees compete with them, which is consistent with refugees complementing the former and substituting for the latter." (Author's abstract, © 2018 Elsevier) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Moving forward: Educational outcomes for Unaccompanied Refugee Minors (URM) exiting foster care in the United States (2018)

    Crea, Thomas M.; Underwood, Dawnya; Evans, Kerri; III, Robert G Hasson; Cardoso, Jodi Berger;

    Zitatform

    Crea, Thomas M., Robert G Hasson III, Kerri Evans, Jodi Berger Cardoso & Dawnya Underwood (2018): Moving forward. Educational outcomes for Unaccompanied Refugee Minors (URM) exiting foster care in the United States. In: Journal of Refugee Studies, Jg. 31, H. 2, S. 240-256. DOI:10.1093/jrs/fex020

    Abstract

    "Unprecedented numbers of unaccompanied children have migrated to the Southern border of the United States in recent years. Yet, little is known about how these children fare after arrival, including the few who are placed in the federally sponsored Unaccompanied Refugee Minors (URM) foster care programme. Existing research suggests that unaccompanied refugee children, unaccompanied migrant children and foster children each face significant barriers that limit their educational attainment. This study examines educational attainment for children exiting the URM programme in 2015. Longer stays in care are associated with higher educational attainment. Permanent legal status predicts increased high-school graduation rates, but not college enrolment. Significant variation emerged between children from the Northern Triangle region of Central America (El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras) compared with other countries of origin, as well as across countries within this region. These results are discussed in light of United States policies that may influence the educational attainment of unaccompanied migrant youth." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    From refuge to riches?: an analysis of refugees' wage assimilation in the United States (2018)

    Giri, Animesh;

    Zitatform

    Giri, Animesh (2018): From refuge to riches? An analysis of refugees' wage assimilation in the United States. In: International migration review, Jg. 52, H. 1, S. 125-158. DOI:10.1111/imre.12285

    Abstract

    "Given that refugees may be fleeing from political, social, racial, ethnic, or religious persecution, they are not expected to be economically independent upon arrival to the United States. Considerable state and federal resources are specifically aimed at the economic assimilation of refugees in the United States. In this article, I examine the extent to which average refugee wages have assimilated toward those of their native counterparts in the United States. Among synthetic cohorts from 1990 to 2000, most recent young refugees increase average refugee wages by approximately 17 percent within a decade. Similarly, in the period between 2000 and 2010, the gains for young and recent refugees increase average refugee wages by approximately 22 percent. In contrast, across both decades, duration effects for the oldest refugee cohorts - irrespective of their length of stay in the United States - exert a considerable downward push on average refugee wages. The contrasts in wage contributions for the oldest and youngest cohorts are less extreme for non-refugee immigrants. These findings underscore the importance of age at entry into the United States for wage assimilation, especially in the case of refugees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The labour market consequences of refugee supply shocks (2017)

    Borjas, George J.; Monras, Joan;

    Zitatform

    Borjas, George J. & Joan Monras (2017): The labour market consequences of refugee supply shocks. In: Economic policy, Jg. 32, H. 91, S. 361-413. DOI:10.1093/epolic/eix007

    Abstract

    "The continuing inflow of hundreds of thousands of refugees into many European countries has ignited much political controversy and raised questions that require a fuller understanding of the determinants and consequences of refugee supply shocks. This paper revisits four historical refugee shocks to document their labour market impact. Specifically, we examine: The influx of Marielitos into Miami in 1980; the influx of French repatriates and Algerian nationals into France at the end of the Algerian Independence War in 1962; the influx of Jewish émigrés into Israel after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s; and the exodus of refugees from the former Yugoslavia during the long series of Balkan wars between 1991 and 2001. We use a common empirical approach, derived from factor demand theory, and publicly available data to measure the impact of these shocks. Despite the differences in the political forces that motivated the various flows, and in economic conditions across receiving countries, the evidence reveals a common thread that confirms key insights of the canonical model of a competitive labour market: Exogenous supply shocks adversely affect the labour market opportunities of competing natives in the receiving countries, and often have a favorable impact on complementary workers. In short, refugee flows can have large distributional consequences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The labor market effects of refugee waves: reconciling conflicting results (2017)

    Clemens, Michael A. ; Hunt, Jennifer;

    Zitatform

    Clemens, Michael A. & Jennifer Hunt (2017): The labor market effects of refugee waves. Reconciling conflicting results. (IZA discussion paper 10806), Bonn, 53 S.

    Abstract

    "An influential strand of research has tested for the effects of immigration on natives' wages and employment using exogenous refugee supply shocks as natural experiments. Several studies have reached conflicting conclusions about the effects of noted refugee waves such as the Mariel Boatlift in Miami and post-Soviet refugees to Israel. We show that conflicting findings on the effects of the Mariel Boatlift can be explained by a sudden change in the race composition of the Current Population Survey extracts in 1980, specific to Miami but unrelated to the Boatlift. We also show that conflicting findings on the labor-market effects of other important refugee waves can be produced by spurious correlation between the instrument and the endogenous variable introduced by applying a common divisor to both. As a whole, the evidence from refugee waves reinforces the existing consensus that the impact of immigration on average native-born workers is small, and fails to substantiate claims of large detrimental impacts on workers with less than high school." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Integrating refugees into the labor market: A comparison of Europe and the United States (2016)

    Poutvaara, Panu; Wech, Daniela;

    Zitatform

    Poutvaara, Panu & Daniela Wech (2016): Integrating refugees into the labor market. A comparison of Europe and the United States. In: CESifo DICE report, Jg. 14, H. 4, S. 32-43.

    Abstract

    "There are major differences between Europe and the United States in the size and composition of refugee flows, and in how well or badly refugees are integrated into the labor market. Firstly, the EU receives far more asylum applications than the US, while the US takes many more refugees through a planned resettlement program, in which the applicants are outside the US at the time of submitting their application, than the EU takes in through its regular resettlement programs. Overall, the number of refugees arriving in the EU is much larger. Secondly, there are major differences in the composition of refugee flows. In 2015, over half of asylum applicants in the EU came from Syria, Afghanistan or Iraq; in 2014, one third of applicants came from Syria, Afghanistan and Kosovo. For the US, the largest groups of refugees admitted through resettlement programs in the fiscal year 2014 were the Iraqis and the Burmese, accounting together for almost half of the total number, followed by the Somalis and the Bhutanese. A third of asylum permits were granted to the Chinese. Thirdly, there are major differences in the employment performance of refugees. Integration into the labor market is much faster in the US than in the EU." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Understanding the role of immigrants' legal status: evidence from policy experiments (2015)

    Fasani, Francesco ;

    Zitatform

    Fasani, Francesco (2015): Understanding the role of immigrants' legal status. Evidence from policy experiments. In: CESIfo Economic Studies, Jg. 61, H. 3/4, S. 722-763. DOI:10.1093/cesifo/ifv006

    Abstract

    "Programmes aimed at reducing the presence of unauthorized immigrants are often at the core of the migration policy debate in host countries. In recent years, a growing body of empirical literature has attempted to understand the effect of lacking legal status on immigrants' outcomes and behaviour. The main difficulties in this field are the scarcity of data and the identification challenge posed by endogenous selection into legal status. The vast majority of these articles have therefore used amnesty programmes (or similar policy changes) to establish causal relationships. In this article, we propose a first systematic review of the empirical literature for the USA and Europe on the impact of legal status on different immigrants' outcomes. We then present some new evidence of the relationship between labour market outcomes and legal status in the Italian context. In our empirical analysis, we first provide some descriptive evidence on differences in the outcomes for groups with different residence statuses, and we then exploit a specific amnesty programme to produce causal estimates of the impact of legal status. Our results confirm previous findings in the literature and show that the design of the specific amnesty analysed matters in shaping its effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Constructing gender: refugee women working in the United States (2015)

    Koyama, Jill;

    Zitatform

    Koyama, Jill (2015): Constructing gender: refugee women working in the United States. In: Journal of Refugee Studies, Jg. 28, H. 2, S. 258-275. DOI:10.1093/jrs/feu026

    Abstract

    "Drawing on data collected during a 26-month ethnographic study of refugees in a city in upstate New York, I examine the gendered and gendering training and work contexts with which refugee women engage. Utilizing the notion of assemblage, a term often associated with actor-network theory (ANT), I ask, among other questions, how do the gathered collages of texts, aims, histories, resources, knowledges, and practices that instantiate what we might recognize as resources for newcomers, come to frame refugee women as they enter the workforce? I demonstrate that through the processes of becoming employed, certain material objects, such as completed job applications, combine with case workers' assessments of employability, and employers' ethnic and gender stereotypes, to create socio-material renderings of refugee women. However, even as they participate in the labour market, the refugee women push against the constraints imposed by their limited English-language ability, lack of formal education, initial lack of socio-economic connections, culturally-defined gender roles, and gender stereotypes. I argue that greater efforts through changes in the national policy and also the related practices of local resettlement agencies should address gender more explicitly. Greater time investment in educational programmes, a longer period of workforce training in more varied, less gender-stereotypical areas, and explicit programmes educating the receiving community about the refugees could result not only in greater economic adaptation, but also increased social integration for refugee women." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Hyper-precarious lives: migrants, work and forced labour in the global north (2015)

    Lewis, Hannah; Hodkinson, Stuart; Dwyer, Peter ; Waite, Louise;

    Zitatform

    Lewis, Hannah, Peter Dwyer, Stuart Hodkinson & Louise Waite (2015): Hyper-precarious lives. Migrants, work and forced labour in the global north. In: Progress in Human Geography, Jg. 39, H. 5, S. 580-600. DOI:10.1177/0309132514548303

    Abstract

    "This paper unpacks the contested inter-connections between neoliberal work and welfare regimes, asylum and immigration controls, and the exploitation of migrant workers. The concept of precarity is explored as a way of understanding intensifying and insecure post-Fordist work in late capitalism. Migrants are centrally implicated in highly precarious work experiences at the bottom end of labour markets in Global North countries, including becoming trapped in forced labour. Building on existing research on the working experiences of migrants in the Global North, the main part of the article considers three questions. First, what is precarity and how does the concept relate to working lives? Second, how might we understand the causes of extreme forms of migrant labour exploitation in precarious lifeworlds? Third, how can we adequately theorize these particular experiences using the conceptual tools of forced labour, slavery, unfreedom and precarity? We use the concept of 'hyper-precarity' alongside notions of a 'continuum of unfreedom' as a way of furthering human geographical inquiry into the intersections between various terrains of social action and conceptual debate concerning migrants' precarious working experiences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Neither temporary, nor permanent: the precarious employment experiences of refugee claimants in Canada (2014)

    Jackson, Samantha; Bauder, Harald;

    Zitatform

    Jackson, Samantha & Harald Bauder (2014): Neither temporary, nor permanent: the precarious employment experiences of refugee claimants in Canada. In: Journal of refugee studies, Jg. 27, H. 3, S. 360-381. DOI:10.1093/jrs/fet048

    Abstract

    "Although refugee claimants are often portrayed as a drain on Canada's economic resources, their employment experiences and contributions to the labour market remain under-represented in the literature. This study explores the employment experiences of refugee claimants in Toronto, Canada. Through the lens of refugeeness, it traces the subjective employment trajectories of refugee claimants, as well as the objective forces compromising their employability. Drawing on 17 interviews with refugee claimants, our analysis shows both that refugee claimants face distinct barriers stemming from their precarious legal status, and that refugee claimants' employability is perceived as shaped by real and ascribed barriers associated with this status. In addition, refugee claimants perceive employment as an expression of belonging and citizenship." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The labour market integration of resettled refugees (2013)

    Ott, Eleanor;

    Zitatform

    Ott, Eleanor (2013): The labour market integration of resettled refugees. Genf, 64 S.

    Abstract

    "This literature review aims to synthesise what is currently known about labour market integration of resettled refugees. One aspect, widely acknowledged in the literature, is that a 'refugee gap' appears when comparing resettled refugees to other immigrants in terms of labour market integration. Analyses in multiple countries have shown that resettled refugees perform worse in measures of labour market integration compared to other immigrants and individuals in the short-term, even when controlling for differences in demographics such as age, education level, and level of host country language acquisition." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Explaining the refugee gap: economic outcomes of refugees versus other immigrants (2010)

    Connor, Phillip;

    Zitatform

    Connor, Phillip (2010): Explaining the refugee gap. Economic outcomes of refugees versus other immigrants. In: Journal of Refugee Studies, Jg. 23, H. 3, S. 377-397. DOI:10.1093/jrs/feq025

    Abstract

    "It is often assumed that refugees in the US are at an economic disadvantage compared to other immigrants. A number of hypotheses have been postulated to explain this 'refugee gap'. Refugees, on average, have less English language ability, less educational experience, different forms of family support, poorer mental and physical health, and generally reside in more disadvantaged neighbourhoods than other immigrants. Although these factors are well supported by evidence for specific refugee groups, a lack of representative data for both refugee and non-refugee migrants has made the testing of this refugee gap challenging. Using the first wave of the New Immigrant Survey, these hypotheses are tested on employment, occupation, and earnings outcomes using multivariate modelling techniques among recent immigrants in the United States. Findings demonstrate that accounting for each of the aforementioned explanatory factors minimizes the earnings and occupational differences between refugees and all other immigrants. Despite the inclusion of these factors within the model, however, a refugee disparity in earnings and occupational attainment continues to exist." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Career development concerns of recent immigrants and refugees (2008)

    Yakushko, Oksana; Backhaus, Autumn; Watson, Megan; Ngaruiya, Katherine; Gonzalez, Jaime;

    Zitatform

    Yakushko, Oksana, Autumn Backhaus, Megan Watson, Katherine Ngaruiya & Jaime Gonzalez (2008): Career development concerns of recent immigrants and refugees. In: Journal of Career Development, Jg. 34, H. 4, S. 362-396. DOI:10.1177/0894845308316292

    Abstract

    "The number of recent immigrants and refugees in the United States is growing dramatically. Among key reasons for migration is search for adequate employment and hope for opportunities to develop occupationally. However, recent immigrants and refugees face multiple obstacles in their career development in the United States. This article uses social cognitive career theory to examine the role of relocation circumstances, stressors of migration, acculturation patterns, and oppression on the career development and employment functioning of recent immigrants and refugees. Specific suggestions for career counselors working with this population are provided." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Undocumented immigration and host-country welfare: competition across segmented labor markets (2005)

    Carter, Thomas J.;

    Zitatform

    Carter, Thomas J. (2005): Undocumented immigration and host-country welfare. Competition across segmented labor markets. In: Journal of regional science, Jg. 45, H. 4, S. 777-795.

    Abstract

    "In this paper's model, undocumented workers are endogenously sorted into secondary labor markets. When further illegal immigration occurs, some new migrants follow their fellows into already migrant-dominated jobs, lowering migrant wages and raising real incomes of host-country labor and capital. Some submarkets switch from employing legal workers to employing migrants, lowering demand for and wages of legal workers. Undocumented immigration is Pareto-improving when enforcement reserves primary-sector jobs for legal workers. Pareto-dominant policies target the number of migrant-dominated submarkets, not the number of migrants. This appears consistent with U.S. enforcement practices. The effects of deportations, employer sanctions, and amnesties are explored." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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