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Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten – Bildung und Arbeitsmarkt

Auf der Flucht vor Krieg und politischer Verfolgung verlassen viele Menschen ihr Heimatland und suchen Schutz und neue Perspektiven in Deutschland und beantragen Asyl. Die Beteiligung am Arbeitsmarkt wird häufig als Schlüssel für die gesellschaftliche Integration der Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten gesehen. Welche Qualifikationen bringen die Menschen mit, welche arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen sind hilfreich? Wie gehen die einzelnen Bundesländer damit um, welche Auswirkungen auf die deutsche Wirtschaft und die Sozialsysteme sind zu erwarten, wie sieht die Situation in anderen Ländern aus?
Dieses Themendossier stellt wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zum Thema zusammen und ermöglicht den Zugang zu weiterführenden Informationen sowie zu Positionen der politischen Akteure.
Literatur zur besonderen Situation der Geflüchteten aus der Ukraine finden Sie im Themendossier Auswirkungen des Krieges gegen die Ukraine auf Wirtschaft, Arbeitsmarkt und Fluchtmigration in Deutschland

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im Aspekt "Finnland"
  • Literaturhinweis

    Different selection processes, different outcomes?: Comparing labor market integration of asylum refugees, resettled refugees and their reunited family members in Finland (2020)

    Tervola, Jussi ;

    Zitatform

    Tervola, Jussi (2020): Different selection processes, different outcomes? Comparing labor market integration of asylum refugees, resettled refugees and their reunited family members in Finland. In: Comparative Migration Studies, Jg. 8, H. 1. DOI:10.1186/s40878-020-00183-4

    Abstract

    "This study compares the longitudinal dynamics of labor market integration between asylum refugees, resettled refugees and their reunited family members. The labor market integration of the three refugee groups are compared by using unique longitudinal register data of total refugee population in Finland during 2003–2015. The results show that among males, family reunion migrants integrate faster than asylum refugees and resettled refugees. Contrary to the previous results from Nordic countries, among females, resettled refugees integrate the fastest and family reunion migrants demonstrate the slowest integration. The overall small differences between admission categories are for the large part explained by discrepancies in observed factors such as fertility patterns among females and arrival during recession among males." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Role of public services in integrating refugees and asylum seekers (2019)

    Bešić, Almina; Ulcica, Irina; Rose, Norma; Konle-Seidl, Regina; Puts, Elbereth; Fóti, Klára; van Nierop, Petra; Vajai, Dóra; Vasileva, Veronika;

    Zitatform

    Bešić, Almina, Klára Fóti, Veronika Vasileva, Petra van Nierop, Elbereth Puts, Norma Rose, Irina Ulcica, Dóra Vajai & Regina Konle-Seidl (2019): Role of public services in integrating refugees and asylum seekers. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Luxembourg, 58 S. DOI:10.2806/595692

    Abstract

    "This study explores the role of public services in the social integration of refugees and asylum seekers. It focuses not only on employment, but also on aspects such as housing, social inclusion, health and education services. It examines a range of integration measures adopted in five EU Member States (Austria, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden) in an attempt to identify the main challenges and the lessons learnt. The countries selected vary in terms of the scale of the inflow, tradition of receiving refugees, labour market conditions, social assistance systems and presence of other migrant groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Konle-Seidl, Regina;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Asylum-seekers and the 'hyper-precarity trap' in Austria, Finland and Italy (2019)

    Schenner, Johanna K.; Ollus, Natalia; Cavanna, Paola;

    Zitatform

    Schenner, Johanna K., Paola Cavanna & Natalia Ollus (2019): Asylum-seekers and the 'hyper-precarity trap' in Austria, Finland and Italy. In: Transfer, Jg. 25, H. 1, S. 81-99. DOI:10.1177/1024258918816938

    Abstract

    "Ausgehend von semi-strukturierten Interviews und Sekundärforschung trägt dieser Artikel zu einem differenzierteren Verständnis der Frage bei, wie Asylbewerber in Österreich, Finnland und Italien in die Falle der 'Hyperprekarität' gelangen können und wie vulnerabel sie im Vergleich zu anderen Arbeitnehmergruppen sind. Der erste Abschnitt des Artikels erläutert die unterschiedlichen Geschehnisse in Österreich, Finnland und Italien in Bezug auf die Aufnahme von Asylbewerbern, bevor er die jüngste Arbeitsmarktdynamik jedes dieser Länder beschreibt. Es folgt eine theoretische Diskussion über die verschiedenen Elemente der 'Hyperprekaritätsfalle', wie sie von Asylbewerbern erlebt werden. Zu diesen Elementen gehören Diskussionen über Prekarität, Vulnerabilität und Rechtsetzung. Im dritten Abschnitt wird erläutert, wie die Interviews und die Sekundärforschung durchgeführt und analysiert wurden. Der vierte und letzte Abschnitt des Artikels stellt die Ergebnisse und ihre Bedeutung vor." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    How do OECD countries compare in their attractiveness for talented migrants? (2019)

    Zitatform

    OECD (2019): How do OECD countries compare in their attractiveness for talented migrants? (Migration policy debates 19), Paris, 8 S.

    Abstract

    "Talented and skilled individuals have a key role to play in countries' future prosperity. They hold jobs that are key for innovation and technological progress and ultimately contribute to stronger economic growth with other employment opportunities and better living conditions for all. OECD countries increasingly compete to attract and retain talented workers notably by adopting more favourable migration policies for the best and the brightest. This competition has led to a convergence of policy frameworks but significant differences in policies and practices remain. Beyond conditions for migration, many other factors contribute to shape countries' attractiveness for foreign talent.
    This issue of Migration Policy Debates presents the results of the first edition of the OECD Indicators of Talent Attractiveness, developed by the OECD with support from the Bertelsmann Stiftung. The OECD Indicators of Talent Attractiveness (ITA) measure for the first time the relative attractiveness of countries from a multidimensional perspective focusing on three types of talented migrants: highly skilled workers at master/PhD level, international students in tertiary education and foreign entrepreneurs. This aims at better understanding and comparing strengths and weaknesses of different OECD countries and can help elaborating public policies that are more effective." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Refugee migration - a crisis for the Nordic model? (2016)

    Djuve, Anne Britt;

    Zitatform

    Djuve, Anne Britt (2016): Refugee migration - a crisis for the Nordic model? Berlin, 15 S.

    Abstract

    "- The influx of refugees was subject of particular attention also in the Nordic countries. Issues that were especially discussed involved consequences for the individual welfare states as well as effects on the Nordic model in general. Here, a joint discussion between the Nordics about strategies and measures is required urgently.
    -?? The Nordic model's conditions include a combination of a comprehensive welfare state, collective bargaining, labor market regulation and free market capitalism. These pillars are mutually dependent and are based on high employment rates and universal welfare provision. Even given a successful (labor market) integration of the recently arrived, considerable costs will arise. The Nordic welfare states are though able to successfully meet these challenges.
    -?? In order to achieve a positive labor market integration (what in turn is required for the functioning of the Nordic model), measures addressing the mismatch of competences, discrimination and the growing competition especially in the low-wage sector have to be developed. For a successful and sustainable integration, the only reasonable alternative would be offering qualification programs for refugees enabling them to enter the labor market. Only paying for their social integration outside the labor market or reducing general labor costs on the employer side would not reach far enough and also threaten the Nordic model in the end.
    -?? The challenge to integrate newly arrived refugees both in the society and in the labor market by clearing competence mismatches can also help to develop general education policies. Also, the current refugee-situation may contribute to a strengthened cooperation between the Nordics." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Approaches to the labour market integration of refugees and asylum seekers (2016)

    Fóti, Klára; Fromm, Andrea;

    Zitatform

    Fóti, Klára & Andrea Fromm (2016): Approaches to the labour market integration of refugees and asylum seekers. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Dublin, 54 S. DOI:10.2806/18416

    Abstract

    "This report expands on existing research on the labour market integration of refugees and asylum seekers as a response to the refugee crisis. It updates information on legislation and practical arrangements in the first half of 2016, examines labour market integration in the broader context of receiving asylum seekers and supporting both them and refugees, and explores the role of the social partners. The study finds that the main countries affected made many efforts to provide faster and easier access to their labour markets for asylum seekers. In some, the social partners have been active in designing more effective labour market integration policies and have launched some promising initiatives. The sudden and large inflow of asylum seekers, however, posed many challenges, and it remains to be seen how those obstacles can be overcome." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    Weiterführende Informationen

    Executive Summary
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Labour market integration of refugees: strategies and good practices (2016)

    Konle-Seidl, Regina; Bolits, Georg;

    Zitatform

    Konle-Seidl, Regina (2016): Labour market integration of refugees. Strategies and good practices. Brüssel, 55 S.

    Abstract

    "This Policy Department A study provides the Employment and Social Affairs Committee with an analytical review of literature to identify key elements of a strategy for labour market integration of refugees. Strategies and policies are illustrated by examples and good practices from various Member States based upon evidence or expert assessment. The study finds a high degree of international consensus on key elements for a successful integration strategy taking up lessons from the past and research findings. However, a number of challenges for research and policy remain." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Konle-Seidl, Regina;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Arbeitsintegration von Flüchtlingen - Determinanten und Erfahrungen in europäischen Ländern (2016)

    Konle-Seidl, Regina;

    Zitatform

    Konle-Seidl, Regina (2016): Arbeitsintegration von Flüchtlingen - Determinanten und Erfahrungen in europäischen Ländern. In: Wirtschaftspolitische Blätter, Jg. 63, H. 3, S. 607-621.

    Abstract

    "Der Beitrag geht auf wesentliche Determinanten der Arbeitsintegration von Fluchtmigranten ein, zeigt noch bestehende rechtliche Hürden des Arbeitsmarktzugangs auf und diskutiert arbeits-und integrationsfördernde Unterstützungsmaßnahmen vor dem Hintergrund der bisherigen Erfahrungen mit der Integration von Flüchtlingen in Europa." (Autorenreferat, © MANZ Verlag, Wien)
    Der Beitrag ist eine gekürzte und aktualisierte Fassung einer Studie zur Arbeitsintegration von Flüchtlingen, die Frau Konle-Seidl für das Europäische Parlament verfasst hat.

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Konle-Seidl, Regina;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    The Nordic labor market and migration (2015)

    Ho, Giang; Shirono, Kazuko;

    Zitatform

    Ho, Giang & Kazuko Shirono (2015): The Nordic labor market and migration. (IMF working paper 2015,254), Washington, DC, 44 S.

    Abstract

    "The large influx of migrants to Nordic countries in recent years is challenging the adoptability of Nordic labor market institutions while also adding to potential growth. This paper examines the trends, economic drivers, and labor market implications of migration to Nordic countries with a particular focus on economic migration as distinct from the recent large flows of asylum seekers. Our analysis finds that migration inflows to the Nordics are influenced by both cyclical and structural factors. Although migration helpfully dampens overheating pressures during periods of strong demand, and over the longer term will cushion the decline in labor supply from population aging, in the near-term unemployment can rise, especially among the young and lower-skilled. The analysis highlights the need to adapt Nordic labor market institutions in a manner that better facilitates the integration of migrants into employment. In particular, greater wage flexibility at the firm level and continued strong active labor market measures will help improve labor market outcomes among immigrants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Migrant deprivation, conditionality of legal status and the welfare state (2014)

    Corrigan, Owen;

    Zitatform

    Corrigan, Owen (2014): Migrant deprivation, conditionality of legal status and the welfare state. In: Journal of European social policy, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 223-239. DOI:10.1177/0958928714525819

    Abstract

    "This article adds to our theoretical understanding of the determination of third-country national (TCN) migrant deprivation and poverty in western Europe. The stratifying effects of different types of legal status on migrant outcomes have been established in previous research. The conditionality that states attach to securing different types of legal status has heretofore been overlooked as an important explanatory factor, however. A measure of the conditionality attached to attaining the key social rights - granting status of long-term residency (LTR) is operationalized using cross-national policy data. Building on existing theory, we hypothesize that the negative impact of welfare generosity on TCN material deprivation is moderated by a state's level of LTR conditionality, such that deprivation will be greatest where conditionality is high and generosity is low. This hypothesis is tested using large-scale European microdata in the context of multilevel modelling. The empirical results are consistent with the central hypothesis. These findings have implications for policymakers and for extant accounts of migrant welfare, the welfare state and the factors implicated in the determination of poverty and deprivation in Europe." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Resettlement of Middle Eastern refugees in Finland: the elusiveness of integration (1998)

    Valtonen, Kathleen;

    Zitatform

    Valtonen, Kathleen (1998): Resettlement of Middle Eastern refugees in Finland. The elusiveness of integration. In: Journal of Refugee Studies, Jg. 11, H. 1, S. 38-60. DOI:10.1093/jrs/11.1.38

    Abstract

    "This qualitative case study is an exploration of the integration process of refugees from Middle East countries who resettle in Finland. For the purpose of this analysis, integration is conceptualized as societal participation. The quality of life aspect is examined by juxtaposing individuals' own resettlement goals and priorities with their actual level of participation in the surrounding society. Resettlers' patterns of participation indicate that there are major obstacles to be negotiated before they can attain a level of participation that is compatible with their own resettlement goals, which were articulated as employment, an opportunity to study, and maintenance of culture, including religion. The degree of discrepancy between goals and participation does not seem to be the prime determinant of subjective wellbeing, which depends rather, upon the individual's freedom of action in the resettlement situation. Indications were found of disempowerment, stressor consistency and lack of robust roles which were dysfunctional to the integration process." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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