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Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten – Bildung und Arbeitsmarkt

Auf der Flucht vor Krieg und politischer Verfolgung verlassen viele Menschen ihr Heimatland und suchen Schutz und neue Perspektiven in Deutschland und beantragen Asyl. Die Beteiligung am Arbeitsmarkt wird häufig als Schlüssel für die gesellschaftliche Integration der Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten gesehen. Welche Qualifikationen bringen die Menschen mit, welche arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen sind hilfreich? Wie gehen die einzelnen Bundesländer damit um, welche Auswirkungen auf die deutsche Wirtschaft und die Sozialsysteme sind zu erwarten, wie sieht die Situation in anderen Ländern aus?
Dieses Themendossier stellt wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zum Thema zusammen und ermöglicht den Zugang zu weiterführenden Informationen sowie zu Positionen der politischen Akteure.
Literatur zur besonderen Situation der Geflüchteten aus der Ukraine finden Sie im Themendossier Auswirkungen des Krieges gegen die Ukraine auf Wirtschaft, Arbeitsmarkt und Fluchtmigration in Deutschland

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im Aspekt "Belgien"
  • Literaturhinweis

    Is quick formal access to the labor market enough?: refugees' labor market integration in Belgium (2018)

    Lens, Dries ; Marx, Ive ; Vujić, Sunčica;

    Zitatform

    Lens, Dries, Ive Marx & Sunčica Vujić (2018): Is quick formal access to the labor market enough? Refugees' labor market integration in Belgium. (IZA discussion paper 11905), Bonn, 42 S.

    Abstract

    "This paper examines the labor market trajectories of refugees who arrived in Belgium between 2003 and 2009. Belgium has offered relatively easy formal labor market access to refugees but they face many other barriers in its strongly regulated and institutionalized labor market. Using the Belgian Labour Force Survey linked to longitudinal administrative data, we estimate event history models to compare refugees' entry into and exit out of the first employment, contrasting their outcomes with family and labor migrants of the same arrival cohort. The analysis shows that refugees take significantly longer to enter their first employment as compared to other migrant groups. They also run a greater risk of exiting out of their first employment into unemployment and (back) into social assistance. The results suggest that quick formal access clearly does not suffice for sustainable integration in the labor market. Additional education and labor market measures appear needed to enhance a more durable integration." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Does migration motive matter for migrants' employment outcomes?: the case of Belgium (2018)

    Lens, Dries ; Vujić, Sunčica; Marx, Ive ;

    Zitatform

    Lens, Dries, Ive Marx & Sunčica Vujić (2018): Does migration motive matter for migrants' employment outcomes? The case of Belgium. (IZA discussion paper 11906), Bonn, 35 S.

    Abstract

    "Despite being one of the most prolific spenders on active labour market policies, and investing heavily in civic integration programmes, family policies and career and diversity plans, the native-migrant employment gap in Belgium is still one of the largest among EU and OECD countries. Past research has shown that even after controlling for human capital and other socio-demographic factors a large unexplained gap (often called ethnic gap or penalty) remains. This paper investigates how the motive for migrating to Belgium contributes to the native-migrant employment gap. Based on data from the 2014 Belgian LFS Ad Hoc Module on the labour market situation of migrants and their immediate descendants, we compare the employment outcomes of labour migrants (with and without a job prior to migration), family reunion migrants, student migrants and refugees with those of the native-born. In line with previous studies, we establish that refugees and family reunion migrants' employment likelihood is lower when compared to labour migrants and natives. Refugees who do work tend to do so in temporary jobs and in jobs that are below their skill levels. However, temporary employment is also prevalent among labour migrants without a job prior to migration and over qualification is a specific challenge for male student migrants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Approaches to the labour market integration of refugees and asylum seekers (2016)

    Fóti, Klára; Fromm, Andrea;

    Zitatform

    Fóti, Klára & Andrea Fromm (2016): Approaches to the labour market integration of refugees and asylum seekers. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Dublin, 54 S. DOI:10.2806/18416

    Abstract

    "This report expands on existing research on the labour market integration of refugees and asylum seekers as a response to the refugee crisis. It updates information on legislation and practical arrangements in the first half of 2016, examines labour market integration in the broader context of receiving asylum seekers and supporting both them and refugees, and explores the role of the social partners. The study finds that the main countries affected made many efforts to provide faster and easier access to their labour markets for asylum seekers. In some, the social partners have been active in designing more effective labour market integration policies and have launched some promising initiatives. The sudden and large inflow of asylum seekers, however, posed many challenges, and it remains to be seen how those obstacles can be overcome." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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    Executive Summary
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Labour market integration of refugees: strategies and good practices (2016)

    Konle-Seidl, Regina; Bolits, Georg;

    Zitatform

    Konle-Seidl, Regina (2016): Labour market integration of refugees. Strategies and good practices. Brüssel, 55 S.

    Abstract

    "This Policy Department A study provides the Employment and Social Affairs Committee with an analytical review of literature to identify key elements of a strategy for labour market integration of refugees. Strategies and policies are illustrated by examples and good practices from various Member States based upon evidence or expert assessment. The study finds a high degree of international consensus on key elements for a successful integration strategy taking up lessons from the past and research findings. However, a number of challenges for research and policy remain." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Konle-Seidl, Regina;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Arbeitsintegration von Flüchtlingen - Determinanten und Erfahrungen in europäischen Ländern (2016)

    Konle-Seidl, Regina;

    Zitatform

    Konle-Seidl, Regina (2016): Arbeitsintegration von Flüchtlingen - Determinanten und Erfahrungen in europäischen Ländern. In: Wirtschaftspolitische Blätter, Jg. 63, H. 3, S. 607-621.

    Abstract

    "Der Beitrag geht auf wesentliche Determinanten der Arbeitsintegration von Fluchtmigranten ein, zeigt noch bestehende rechtliche Hürden des Arbeitsmarktzugangs auf und diskutiert arbeits-und integrationsfördernde Unterstützungsmaßnahmen vor dem Hintergrund der bisherigen Erfahrungen mit der Integration von Flüchtlingen in Europa." (Autorenreferat, © MANZ Verlag, Wien)
    Der Beitrag ist eine gekürzte und aktualisierte Fassung einer Studie zur Arbeitsintegration von Flüchtlingen, die Frau Konle-Seidl für das Europäische Parlament verfasst hat.

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Konle-Seidl, Regina;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Migrant deprivation, conditionality of legal status and the welfare state (2014)

    Corrigan, Owen;

    Zitatform

    Corrigan, Owen (2014): Migrant deprivation, conditionality of legal status and the welfare state. In: Journal of European social policy, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 223-239. DOI:10.1177/0958928714525819

    Abstract

    "This article adds to our theoretical understanding of the determination of third-country national (TCN) migrant deprivation and poverty in western Europe. The stratifying effects of different types of legal status on migrant outcomes have been established in previous research. The conditionality that states attach to securing different types of legal status has heretofore been overlooked as an important explanatory factor, however. A measure of the conditionality attached to attaining the key social rights - granting status of long-term residency (LTR) is operationalized using cross-national policy data. Building on existing theory, we hypothesize that the negative impact of welfare generosity on TCN material deprivation is moderated by a state's level of LTR conditionality, such that deprivation will be greatest where conditionality is high and generosity is low. This hypothesis is tested using large-scale European microdata in the context of multilevel modelling. The empirical results are consistent with the central hypothesis. These findings have implications for policymakers and for extant accounts of migrant welfare, the welfare state and the factors implicated in the determination of poverty and deprivation in Europe." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Potentieel en realisatie van ondernemerschap bij vluchtelingen (2007)

    Wauters, Bram; Lambrecht, Johan;

    Zitatform

    Wauters, Bram & Johan Lambrecht (2007): Potentieel en realisatie van ondernemerschap bij vluchtelingen. In: Tijdschrift voor economie en management, Jg. LII, H. 1, S. 37-63.

    Abstract

    "The integration of refugees in Western societies is often perceived as problematic. By promoting refugee entrepreneurship, both their integration in society can be aided and domestic entrepreneurship can be boosted. Refugee entrepreneurship has been an underdeveloped domain of scientific research though. Most of the time, scholarly attention was devoted to ethnic entrepreneurship or to the employment positions in general of refugees. Also policy attention has been limited. There clearly exists a potential for refugee entrepreneurship in Belgium, but this is too seldom realized in practice. Male refugees who have been selfemployed in the past and whose family is active as an entrepreneur, have a higher appetite for entrepreneurship. We also found that refugee entrepreneurs earn less than other entrepreneurs. This income difference can be found in each sector.than other entrepreneurs. This income difference can be found in each sector." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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