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Liu, Yang Vincent, Sanja Kutnjak Ivković & Valentina Pavlović Vinogradac (2025): Push and pull factors in return migration intentions among first‐generation Croatian migrants in Germany and Ireland. In: International Migration, Jg. 63, H. 3. DOI:10.1111/imig.13353

Abstract

"Why are some migrants more willing to move back to their homeland than others? Using a mixed methods approach, this article sheds light on the factors contributing to the desire for return migration among first-generation Croatian migrants (N = 499). In particular, the current study focuses on the role that migrants' trust in state institutions in both their homeland and current countries of residence plays in their desire to return to the homeland. Quantitative analyses reveal that factors of institutional trust strongly correlate with migrants' willingness to return to Croatia, as do short-term visits and (dis)satisfaction with their current lives, particularly for those who left Croatia for personal reasons instead of institutional ones. The qualitative results suggest that the pull factors of return migration tend to be personal, while the push factors are largely institutional. In addition, the idea of a “future” for both the returnees (e.g. financial stability) and the country (e.g. political conditions) is the key to migrants' decision-making about returning." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Maciejewski, Linda & Niklas Harder (2025): Immigrant Single Mothers in Germany: An Intersectional Perspective on a Group at Risk. In: Journal of International Migration and Integration, S. 1-36. DOI:10.1007/s12134-025-01232-6

Abstract

"The risk of poverty is not evenly distributed in the German population, and immigrants and single mothers are particularly at risk. According to the Family Stress Model, poverty can impact all family members and their relationships. We use the AID:A 2019 dataset on young families and apply an intersectional perspective to study the situation of immigrant single mothers and their children. We focus on how single mothers and in particular immigrant single mothers differ from mothers in two-parent families and non-immigrants in terms of poverty risk, reported life satisfaction, and mother-reported psychosocial difficulties (SDQ) of their children. Our results show that immigrant single mothers, especially first-generation non-naturalized immigrant mothers, face the highest risk of economic stress and lower life satisfaction. This supports the Family Stress Model. However, contrary to the extended Family Stress Model, children of immigrant single mothers are not more likely to show mother-reported psychosocial difficulties than their peers from two-parent or non-immigrant families. Following an intersectional perspective, we do not assume that the reasons for these differences necessarily lie only in the individuals. Instead, we also interpret the effects of social positions as effects of the political and social dynamics creating these social positions and thus discuss the German institutional settings that might explain our results." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Marbach, Moritz, Ehsan Vallizadeh, Niklas Harder, Dominik Hangartner & Jens Hainmueller (2025): Does ad hoc language training improve the economic integration of refugees? Evidence from Germany’s response to the Syrian refugee crisis. In: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A, Statistics in Society, S. 1-16. DOI:10.1093/jrsssa/qnae106

Abstract

"Given the global displacement crisis, the integration of refugees has emerged as a critical policy issue for many host countries. A key challenge involves supporting refugees in learning the language of their host country. While several European nations have instituted publicly funded language training for asylum seekers and refugees soon after their arrival, evidence on the efficacy of these early language programs in promoting economic integration remains limited. This study examines the impact of a pioneering, large-scale ad hoc programme introduced by German policymakers, which provided basic language training to over 230,000 refugees arriving in 2015–2016. Utilizing register data on the population of asylum seekers and exploiting a cut-off date in programm eligibility, we assess the program’s effectiveness using a regression discontinuity design. Our findings reveal no discernible effect on refugee employment over the subsequent 2 years. To explore whether language programs are generally ineffective during refugee crises, we contrast these results with the impacts of a more comprehensive, preexisting, yet smaller-scale programme. Using a variety of difference-in-differences estimators, we find that this program considerably increased refugee employment. These contrasting findings offer important insights for policymakers on designing effective language training programs for refugees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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McGovern, Patrick, Eiko Thielemann & Omar Hammoud-Gallego (2025): The return of the state: how European governments regulate labour market competition from migrant workers. In: Comparative Migration Studies, Jg. 13. DOI:10.1186/s40878-025-00433-3

Abstract

"What is the role of the market economy and of the European Union in shaping policies that limit migrants’ access to the labor market? While much of the existing research has examined the development of border policies in Europe, less attention has been given to post-entry measures regulating the employment of Third Country Nationals. We examine the role of different market economies and the European Union in devising lesser-known measures that target migrant labor market competition. Focusing on the period from 1990 to 2020, we analyse four case studies: Austria, Germany, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. We hypothesize that these migrant labour market competition measures (MCM) have emerged in ways that challenge both the marketization of migration thesis and predictions from theories of EU immigration policymaking and varieties of capitalism (VoC). While the European Union ’s influence partially explains the adoption of some selective policies, the emergence of MCM transcends the VoC framework. Furthermore, contrary to marketization claims, states have sought to address labour market concerns about competition from migrants by adopting selective, rather than indiscriminate, regulatory approaches. We argue that the interplay between selectivity and measures restricting migrant labour market competition has become central to understanding how states regulate migration in the European Union." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Montanari, Maria Giulia (2025): Better-off abroad? The overqualification of Eastern migrants to Western Europe. In: International sociology, Jg. 40, H. 1, S. 33-57. DOI:10.1177/02685809241279780

Abstract

"The academic and institutional debate presents free movement within European Union (EU) as a chance for individuals to boost their own socio-economic status. However, migrants from ‘New’ Eastern European countries tend to perform low-qualified occupation in Western Europe. The present study aims to shed light on Eastern EU migrants’ overqualification, normatively defined as a mismatch between the highest educational title attained by an individual and the qualification level to entry his or her current job. A sample of employed graduates is selected from the EU Labour Force Survey for the period 2018–2019, preceding both Brexit and COVID-19. EU migrants, especially those in Southern Europe, emerge to be more exposed to overqualification than Western EU locals, Western EU migrants and, especially, Eastern EU locals who stayed in the origin country. Therefore, on the ground of overqualification, these findings contradict the general expectation according to which economic migrants are better-off abroad." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Müller, Tim S. (2025): Evidence for the welfare magnet hypothesis? A global examination using exponential random graph models. In: Social forces, S. 1-24. DOI:10.1093/sf/soaf048

Abstract

"The welfare magnet hypothesis states that welfare generosity in destination countries is a migration pull factor. However, supporting evidence is mixed. Previous research has focused on explanatory factors in destination countries rather than in origin countries, examined migration from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development country perspectives rather than from a global perspective, and typically ignored that migration flows are not independent, thus overestimating welfare spending effects. We used exponential random graph models to examine migration flows between 160 countries and treated welfare spending in origin and destination countries as the main explanatory variable. Our findings show that social spending attraction effects largely disappear after controlling for various explanatory variables (gross domestic product, population size, geographic distance, democracy levels, and common spoken language). The migration preferences of low- and high-income groups do not mediate social spending attraction effects. Furthermore, flows between countries with similar spending levels are greater than flows between very low- and very high-spending countries, indicating migrant status maintenance. In conclusion, we find insufficient evidence that welfare spending strongly impacts migration." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Piccitto, Giorgio, Maurizio Avola & Nazareno Panichella (2025): Migration, social stratification, and labor market attainment: An analysis of the ethnic penalty in 12 Western European countries. In: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Jg. 66, H. 2, S. 121-139. DOI:10.1177/00207152241246166

Abstract

"This article presents a comprehensive investigation into the socioeconomic integration of migrants across 12 Western European countries, considering their likelihood of employment and socioeconomic status. Using the data from the European Social Survey, the study employs linear regression and probit models to achieve two aims: (a) to quantify the penalty for male and female migrants in terms of employment and socioeconomic status attainment; (b) to assess how the ethnic penalty for men and women changes based on their education and social background of origin. Results reveal that male and female migrants face a penalty in most countries under consideration, albeit with varying degrees of magnitude and characteristics. Migrants in Southern European countries exhibit a trade-off between employment and socioeconomic status attainment, while those in Central-Northern Europe experience a double penalty on both outcomes. Moreover, it emerges that the ethnic penalty in labor market attainment is more heterogeneous across migrants with different educational levels than with different social classes of origin: migrants’ social background of origin affects to a lesser extent their labor market outcomes, if compared with their human capital. Migrants with high education and social origin suffer the largest penalty, due to hurdles in leveraging their educational qualifications and social position. This pattern is particularly evident in Southern Europe, where the socioeconomic integration of migrant workers is characterized by a leveling-down process, pushing them into the lowest strata of the occupational hierarchy regardless of their education and social background." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Qi, Hang (2025): Immigration, government type, and social welfare spending. In: Policy Studies Journal. DOI:10.1111/psj.70015

Abstract

"Previous research identifies the effects of immigration on social welfare from different perspectives. However, existing studies have not thoroughly explored how political institutions shape the nexus between immigration and the welfare state. This study argues that the types of government condition immigration's welfare effects. By restraining the policy influence of anti-immigration sentiment and sharing the responsibility for expanded welfare spending across the government as a whole, coalition and minority governments tend to spend more on welfare when facing increased immigration than single-party majority governments. Using time-series cross-sectional data between 1980 and 2019 from 28 advanced countries, this study finds that the increase in immigration inflow has an ambiguous relationship to social welfare expenditures. However, this relationship is substantially influenced by government types. Immigration under coalition and minority governments has a larger positive effect on welfare spending than under single-party majority governments." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Reinold, Julia & Melissa Siegel (2025): First Impressions Matter: Feeling Welcome and Onward Migration Intentions of Highly Skilled Migrants. In: Journal of International Migration and Integration, Jg. 26, H. 1, S. 543-571. DOI:10.1007/s12134-024-01191-4

Abstract

"In the context of the global competition for highly skilled migrants, policy makers follow different approaches to attract and retain this highly sought-after group. One common assumption is that the establishment of a welcoming culture can facilitate the retention of highly skilled migrants. Relatively little is known, however, about the impact such policies can have on highly skilled migrants’ decisions to remain in the destination country. We address this gap by analysing the association between feeling welcome and highly skilled migrants ’ spatial intentions. We use a mixed methods approach that combines asurvey conducted among highly skilled migrants in the Euregio Meuse-Rhine (n = 410) and two rounds of semi-structured interviews (wave 1: n = 67; wave 2: n = 49). Our results suggest that respondents who feel welcome are more likely to have the intention to stay in the region permanently. This association is stronger for migrants with relatively more agency. The paper underlines the importance of early experiences in the host country and the role of subjective and intangible factors like feeling welcome in migration decision-making." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Salamonska, Justyna (2025): Complexity of the links between destination outcomes and migration patterns: West to West intra-European mobility. In: Comparative Migration Studies, Jg. 13. DOI:10.1186/s40878-025-00430-6

Abstract

"In this article, I build on existing research on destination outcomes and migration patterns to better understand West to West mobility within the European Union. I use a unique dataset, the European Internal Movers Social Survey, which was conducted in five countries, with movers who lived in Britain, France, Germany, Italy or Spain and came from one of the other four countries in the sample. The results of the analysis point to a complex relationship between selected destination outcomes (economic, social ties, attachments) and migration patterns(one-off, repeat or multiple). Multiple migrants tend to have better outcomes than one-off movers in relation to the labour market (in terms of being in employment) and destination country networks, but they attach less to the destination country. It seems that multiple migrants invest their resources selectively, and lower attachment to the destination country could be related to the possibility of further mobility. Repeat migrants are more likely to be employed than one-off migrants, but otherwise they do not differ in how they fare in destination in terms of social ties and attachments." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Silva, Bárbara G., Nicholas C. Andriese & James G. Combs (2025): Return Migrant Entrepreneurship: A Systematic Review and Future Research Agenda. In: Entrepreneurship theory and practice, S. 1-35. DOI:10.1177/10422587251322402

Abstract

"Why do migrants return home and start businesses? Research on this multistage phenomenon—that is, return followed by entrepreneurship—is fragmented, reflecting different scholarly approaches and reasons migrants return and start businesses (or not). We systematically review 80 papers addressing aspects of returnee entrepreneurship and organize findings into a two-stage process model grounded in three levels of analysis—institutional, social, and individual. Our model contributes by providing a parsimonious way to understand returnee entrepreneurship and describe what has been learned. We also contribute a research agenda to help entrepreneurship scholars leverage what is known about entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial processes to address critical unanswered questions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Tran, Nhan (2025): The effects of deferred action for childhood arrivals on labor market outcomes. In: Journal of demographic economics, S. 1-30. DOI:10.1017/dem.2025.5

Abstract

"I study the effects of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program (DACA) on labor market outcomes among potentially eligible immigrants. DACA allowed undocumented immigrants to participate in the labor market without fear of deportation, which might be expected to increase the probability of working and allowing workers to move to higher-skilled occupations. However, using a regression discontinuity design, I find very little to no effects on the probability of working and the likelihood of working in high-skilled jobs among DACA-eligible immigrants. The confidence intervals permit modest effects on these variables, but rule out large ones. My estimates are local, mainly applicable to older individuals close to the age threshold, and not broadly generalizable to younger DACA-eligible groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Tóth, Peter & Matej Vitáloš (2025): Complementarities of occupations and language skills of immigrants in Europe. In: Empirica, Jg. 52, H. 2, S. 211-241. DOI:10.1007/s10663-024-09636-w

Abstract

"We study the returns to language skills of immigrants using the European Adult Education Survey (2016). We estimate a standard income equation augmented by self-reported proficiency levels in the host country’s language and in English. Contrary to earlier literature, we find that the inclusion of English skills of immigrants increases the estimated returns to proficiency in the local language. Next, considering heterogeneous effects across occupations, we find significantly positive returns to language proficiency only for medium-skilled occupations. Among those, blue-collar jobs reward fluency in both the local language and English. Whereas in white-collar jobs, only the knowledge of English yields significantly higher income. These estimates are consistent with occupational sorting of immigrants and suggest that there are complementarities between proficiency in languages and job skills for some occupations. Following earlier literature, we also corrected the potential endogeneity bias in host-country language skills using instrumental variable methods. Our findings could be relevant for immigration policies in Europe." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Willis, Sébastien (2025): Workplace segregation and the labour market performance of immigrants. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 93. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102652

Abstract

"This paper studies the effect of conational coworkers in an immigrant’s first job on subsequent labour market outcomes using German register data. I instrument for the conational share using idiosyncratic variation in firm hiring in the local labour market where the immigrant searches for work. A ten percentage point increase in the initial conational share lowers employment by around 3 percentage points in the long-run. Survey evidence suggests that a higher conational share leads to higher self-employment and unemployment, rather than re-migration. Furthermore, both differential host country-specific human capital accumulation and changes in job search outcomes contribute to the employment effect." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))

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Wu, Mengyao, Silvia Loi, D. Susie Lee & Alberto del Rey Poveda (2025): Bridging the gap? The moderating role of non-parental childcare use in the gap in maternal employment between immigrants and non-immigrants. (MPIDR working paper / Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research 2025-008), Rostock, 24 S. DOI:10.4054/MPIDR-WP-2025-008

Abstract

"While the growing inequalities between non-immigrant and immigrant mothers’ labour market outcomes have been extensively studied, the extent to which these disparities vary across nonparental childcare arrangements remains relatively underexplored. This study examines different types of childcare support – informal care only, formal care only, and mixed care arrangements – as potential moderators of the gap in maternal employment by migration background, while taking into account the immigrant mothers’ length of stay in the receiving country. Using data from the 2018 Fertility Survey in Spain, our results paint a complex picture of the distinctive roles played by different types of childcare arrangements in shaping the employment gap between immigrant and non-immigrant mothers: while long-term immigrant mothers who rely on informal or mixed childcare arrangements have higher employment rates than their non-immigrant counterparts, recent immigrant mothers benefit more from formal childcare services, which are associated with greater participation in paid work. Given that maternal employment is essential for the economic integration of immigrant families, our findings have important implications for developing more inclusive family policies aimed at improving the social inclusion of immigrant women with diverse childcare needs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Wuidar, Simon, Ludovic Bakebek & William Monteith (2025): Producing ‘The Right Candidate’: The Social Embeddedness of Labour Market Intermediaries for Migrant Workers in the Belgian Construction Sector. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 39, H. 3, S. 596-614. DOI:10.1177/09500170241275862

Abstract

"Structural labor shortages have increased demand for skilled and documented migrant workers in Western European labor markets. In response, private recruitment agencies are playing a more significant role in the identification, placement and integration of migrant workers. While the literature on labor intermediation practices has largely focused on the commercial and contractual work of matching workers with employers, this article develops an embedded understanding of labor intermediation that foregrounds the increasingly social and relational nature of intermediation practices in contexts of labour shortage. Through a qualitative study of intermediation in the Belgian construction sector, the article demonstrates the ways in which private agencies seek to produce the ‘right candidate’ through (i) the infiltration of migrant networks, (ii) the regularisation of migrant workers and (iii) the facilitation of their integration into host societies. These findings advance an expanded understanding of labor intermediation that transcends the conventional matchmaking process." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Yazdankhoo, Sogol, Peyman Abkhezr, Donna McAuliffe & Mary McMahon (2025): Migrant women navigating the intersection of gender, migration, and career development: A systematic literature review. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 157. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2025.104093

Abstract

"This article reports on a systematic literature review that investigated the current state of knowledge on migrant women's career development within the two fields of migration studies and career development/vocational psychology. Migrant women, a heterogeneous population, undergo significant transitions navigating post-migration uncertainties. A wide range of post-migration factors and experiences often adversely impact their career development in various contexts. By synthesizing multidisciplinary research, this review focused on articles published in 38 major journals between 2000 and 2023 within the fields of ‘migration studies’ and ‘career development’. The findings highlight the methodologies employed, research participants including the nature of migration and destination countries, and conceptual/theoretical frameworks, and synthesize key findings and recommendations made in the articles. The comprehensive understanding gained through this review may inform policies that emphasize gender equity and sustainable development for migrant women and host countries. The review highlights gaps in career development and vocational psychology literature, such as the lack of localized research approaches that consider the specific contexts and systemic influences that impact migrant women's career development. This review contributes new perspectives on migrant women's career development, enriching career development and vocational psychology research, theory, and practice." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.) ((en))

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Zimmermann, Florian, Matthias Collischon & Anja Wunder (2025): Immigrants in the Income Elite in Germany: The Role of Immigrant-Native Households. In: The British journal of sociology, S. 1-9. DOI:10.1111/1468-4446.70007

Abstract

"Although studying elites is a growing strand of scholarship in social sciences, the literature is mostly migration-blind. In this research note, we examine the role of household composition for immigrants' pathways to the elite of the household income distribution in Germany. Distinguishing between native-native, immigrant-native, and immigrant-immigrant households, we investigate the propensity of being in the income elite by household composition and whether education and self-employment, two major pathways into the income elite, differ by household composition. We hypothesize that immigrants in immigrant-native households benefit from their native partner's host-country resources and support. Using data from the German Microcensus from 2009 to 2019 covering around three million observations, we show that immigrant-native households have a higher propensity of belonging to the income elite compared to immigrant-immigrant households. Surprisingly, we find no differences between immigrant-native and native-native households. In addition, we demonstrate that the positive association between education, self-employment and elite membership is stronger for immigrant-native households compared to immigrant-immigrant households. Overall, our research note highlights the importance of the household context for immigrants' access to the income elite." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Wiley) ((en))

Abstract

"This EMN study documents the illegal employment of third-country nationals in EMN Member Countries between 2017-2022, building on the earlier EMN study until 2017. It includes an up-to-date analysis of key legislative and policy frameworks and practices to prevent, identify and tackle the illegal employment of third-country nationals, including beneficiaries of temporary protection (BoTP). It also provides examples of challenges and good practices. The study classifies third-country nationals engaged in illegal employment into three main groups: those legally residing but working undeclared; those legally residing but violating the terms of their residence or work permit; and those irregularly staying and working in the country. It also considers cases of illegal self-employment, notably in platform work, which can fit into any of these categories. The study found that between 2017 and 2022, all EMN Member Countries actively conducted on-site inspections to tackle the illegal employment of TCNs. Most countries integrated this effort into broader labour inspections. Six countries in the EMN reported increased yearly general labour inspections: for instance, Greece’s annual inspections increased in all sectors since 2017, with a 13% rise in 2022 compared to 2021. Other countries report success in finding more violations and hiring more inspectors. The increase in the number of labour inspectors on the ground in Luxembourg, from 22 in 2018 to 86 in 2021, significantly enhanced the detection of illegal employment of TCNs with twice as many cases detected in 2022 compared to 2021. Four countries specifically conducted targeted inspections focused on TCNs in situations of illegal employment. The study indicated that small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the most common employers of illegally employed TCNs, particularly in sectors such as construction, accommodation, food services, manufacturing, agriculture, forestry, and fishing. Sectors increasingly vulnerable to illegal employment practices include beauty and wellness, delivery services, security services, event management, and demolition work. The study shows that EMN Member Countries have improved cooperation between national actors and with other countries and sectors. Since 2017 new schemes for better collaboration between national agencies involved in prevention and enforcement efforts have been introduced. Labour inspectorates often collaborate with immigration and asylum services, financial and tax authorities, law enforcement and border control, social security and insurance agencies, and occupational safety and health authorities. Cross-border cooperation has also increased, using new initiatives like the European Labour Authority’s (ELA) European Platform tackling undeclared work. The study found that the consequences for TCNs caught working illegally depend on their residence status and whether they currently have or previously had a work permit. Penalties range from revoked or denied residence permits to return decisions and fines. For example, in Ireland, immigration permission can be withdrawn and the employment permit revoked, subjecting the person to the same removal process as those found irregularly present in the state. However, special procedures are in place in most EMN Member Countries for victims of exploitation or human trafficking, such as granting temporary residence permits or activation of an application for international protection." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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(2025): Reformen, die wirken? Die Umsetzung von aktuellen Migrations- und Integrationsgesetzen: SVR-Jahresgutachten 2024. (Jahresgutachten ... / Sachverständigenrat für Integration und Migration 2025), Berlin, 219 S.

Abstract

"Die migrationspolitische Debatte ist in den letzten Jahren zunehmend durch Klagen über Steuerungs- und Vollzugsdefizite geprägt. Diese zeigen sich einerseits in überlangen Wartezeiten bei einwanderungsrelevanten Angelegenheiten, abgeschreckten Fachkräften aus dem Ausland und frustriertem Behördenpersonal, andererseits in einer schleppenden Arbeitsmarktintegration von Geflüchteten und Defiziten im Vollzug des Aufenthaltsrechts. Die Ursachen für diesen weit vom Leitbild einer guten Verwaltung entfernten Zustand sind vielfältig. Angeführt werden sowohl eine unzureichende Ausstattung der Behörden und das komplexe Mehrebenensystem im deutschen Vollzugsföderalismus als auch eine schwer vollziehbare Gesetzgebung. Die Rechtsumsetzung fordert die Verwaltung auch deshalb heraus, weil die Gesetze in den letzten Jahren häufig geändert wurden. Die Änderungen im Bereich der Fluchtmigration reagierten auf gestiegene Zuzugszahlen. Sie hatten zum Ziel, einerseits Geflüchtete schneller und besser in den Arbeitsmarkt zu integrieren und andererseits einen pragmatischen Umgang mit abgelehnten Asylsuchenden zu finden. Die zahlreichen gesetzgeberischen Reformen der letzten fünf Jahre hat der SVR in seinem Jahresgutachten 2024 ausführlich untersucht. Das aktuelle Jahresgutachten widmet sich angesichts der zahlreichen Defizitanalysen nun den Strukturen und Verfahren der Rechtsumsetzung im Bereich der Migrations- und Integrationspolitik. Denn ob die rechtlichen Änderungen die angestrebte Wirkung entfalten, ist in zweierlei Hinsicht relevant: Zum einen haben sie für den Aufenthalt und die Teilhabe der betroffenen Menschen große Bedeutung. Zum anderen werden migrationsbezogene Themen in Politik und Gesellschaft bisweilen (und auch derzeit) sehr emotionalisiert und polarisiert diskutiert. Die Politik steht damit unter erheblichem Handlungs- und Erfolgsdruck. Die effiziente Umsetzung neuer Gesetze und Verordnungen durch die zuständigen Behörden spielt dabei eine zentrale Rolle. Das hier vorgelegte sechzehnte Jahresgutachten „Reformen, die wirken? Die Umsetzung von aktuellen Migrations- und Integrationsgesetzen“ betrachtet beispielhaft Vorwort zentrale Reformen der letzten Jahre und den Stand ihrer Umsetzung: die Weiterentwicklung des Fachkräfteeinwanderungsgesetzes, Maßnahmen zur besseren Arbeitsmarktintegration von Flüchtlingen – konkret: den sog. Job-Turbo und die Möglichkeiten für Geduldete, durch Beschäftigung ihren Aufenthalt zu regularisieren – und die Reform des Staatsangehörigkeitsrechts." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)