Migration und Integration
Bei dem Thema Einwanderung nach Deutschland gilt es auch die Bedingungen einer gelingenden Integration von Zugewanderten in Gesellschaft, Bildung und Arbeit zu untersuchen. Die Arbeitsmarktforschung beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie die Integration in das Bildungs- und Ausbildungssystem, der Zugang zum Arbeitsmarkt sowie die Bedingungen der sozialen Teilhabe und kulturellen Integration verbessert werden können.
Aktuelle Studien zeigen zudem, dass Deutschland angesichts seiner demographischen Herausforderungen dringend auf Zuwanderung angewiesen ist. Inwiefern kann Zuwanderung der Schrumpfung und Alterung des Erwerbspersonenpotenzials entgegenwirken? Welche Entwicklungen in der nationalen und europäischen Einwanderungspolitik begünstigen die Einwanderung von Erwerbspersonen und Fachkräften? Die hier zusammengestellte Literatur bietet einen aktuellen und umfassenden Überblick über den Themenkomplex Migration und Integration.
Literatur zum Thema Flucht und Asyl finden Sie in unserer IAB-Infoplattform Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten - Bildung und Arbeitsmarkt.
Zurück zur Übersicht- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Einwanderungspolitik
- Auswirkungen von Migration
- Wanderungsmotivation und Rückwanderung
- Arbeitslosigkeit und Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Qualifikation, Bildung und Beschäftigung
- Integration und soziale Teilhabe
- internationale Aspekte
- Personengruppen
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Literaturhinweis
Migration and Knowledge Diffusion: The Effect of Returning Refugees on Export Performance in the Former Yugoslavia (2024)
Zitatform
Bahar, Dany, Andreas Hauptmann, Cem Özgüzel & Hillel Rapoport (2024): Migration and Knowledge Diffusion: The Effect of Returning Refugees on Export Performance in the Former Yugoslavia. In: The Review of Economics and Statistics, Jg. 106, H. 2, S. 287-304., 2021-11-18. DOI:10.1162/rest_a_01165
Abstract
"During the early 1990s Germany offered temporary protection to 700,000 Yugoslavian refugees fleeing war. By 2000, many had been repatriated. We exploit this natural experiment to investigate the role of returning migrants in boosting export performance upon their return. Using confidential German administrative data we find that industries with 10% more returning refugees exhibit larger exports between the pre- and post-war periods by 1 to 1.6%. We use exogenous allocation rules for asylum seekers within Germany as an instrument to deal with endogeneity concerns. We show evidence pointing to productivity shifts as the main mechanism behind our results. Consistently, we find our results are driven by refugees in occupations more apt to transfer knowledge, technologies and best-practices." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © MIT Press) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Hauptmann, Andreas; -
Literaturhinweis
Immigrants’ Returns Intentions and Job Search Behavior When the Home Country Is Unsafe (2024)
Bassetto, Jacopo; Monteiro, Teresa Freitas;Zitatform
Bassetto, Jacopo & Teresa Freitas Monteiro (2024): Immigrants’ Returns Intentions and Job Search Behavior When the Home Country Is Unsafe. (CESifo working paper 10908), München, 51 S.
Abstract
"Migration is often temporary, and the intended length of stay in the host country is an important determinant of immigrants’ labor market behavior, human capital investment, and socioeconomic integration. In this paper, we investigate whether safety conditions in the home country affect immigrants’ return intentions and job search behavior. We combine administrative and survey data with precise information on terrorist attacks worldwide. Our identification strategy exploits the quasi-random occurrence of terrorist attacks in the home country relative to the timing of interviews and job separations in Germany. We show that immigrants interviewed after a terrorist attack in their home country are 12 percentage points more likely to wish to remain in Germany permanently. Immigrants react more strongly if they are less integrated in Germany and have close family members in their home country. Consistent with the prediction that revisions to the intended length of stay affect immigrants’ Labor market behavior, we show that immigrants who enter unemployment when a terrorist event hits their home country are 1.8 percentage points more likely to be employed within three months than immigrants who enter unemployment in quiet times. Among those who find employment within three months, immigrants who experience terror events receive lower hourly wages and are more likely to work part-time. These results suggest that immigrants who enter unemployment in a month with high levels of violence in the home country trade immediate job security for lower earnings and less-productive firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Bassetto, Jacopo; -
Literaturhinweis
Rückkehrmigration am Beispiel Italiens: Steueranreize zeigen Wirkung (2024)
Bassetto, Jacopo; Ippedico, Giuseppe;Zitatform
Bassetto, Jacopo & Giuseppe Ippedico (2024): Rückkehrmigration am Beispiel Italiens: Steueranreize zeigen Wirkung. In: IAB-Forum H. 10.04.2024. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20240410.02
Abstract
"Seit vielen Jahren versucht Deutschland aufgrund des zunehmenden Fachkräftemangels hochqualifizierte Zuwandernde anzuziehen. Deutschland konkurriert hierbei nicht nur mit anderen Zielländern mit vergleichbarem Fachkräftemangel, sondern auch mit den Auswanderungsländern selbst. Einige Staaten, die vom Wegzug einheimischer Fachkräfte betroffen sind, versuchen diese zur Rückkehr ins Heimatland zu bewegen. Sie locken unter anderem mit hohen Steuerermäßigungen für Rückkehrende, wie sie beispielsweise Italien im Jahr 2010 eingeführt hat – mit nicht unerheblichem Erfolg." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Bassetto, Jacopo; -
Literaturhinweis
Easy come, easy go: Return migration increases with tax incentives in the home country (2023)
Bassetto, Jacopo; Ippedico, Giuseppe;Zitatform
Bassetto, Jacopo & Giuseppe Ippedico (2023): Easy come, easy go: Return migration increases with tax incentives in the home country. In: IAB-Forum H. 28.11.2023. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20231128.01
Abstract
"For many years, Germany has been facing an increasing skills shortage in key occupations and has sought to attract a growing number of highly-skilled immigrants. In striving for this goal, Germany is competing not only with other countries with similar skills⎼demands but also with more traditional immigrant-sending countries. Some of these try to counterbalance the outflow of highly⎼skilled nationals by introducing large tax discounts for emigrants who eventually return. One example is the Italian returnees’ tax scheme “Legge Controesodo” (2010), which attracted back a sizeable proportion of highly-skilled young Italians who had been working in Germany." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Bassetto, Jacopo; -
Literaturhinweis
Geflüchtete aus der Ukraine in Deutschland: Ergebnisse der ersten Welle der IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP Befragung (2023)
Brücker, Herbert ; Grabka, Markus M. ; Zinn, Sabine ; Bujard, Martin ; Ette, Andreas ; Milewski, Nadja ; Schwanhäuser, Silvia ; Maddox, Amrei ; Rother, Nina ; Kosyakova, Yuliya ; Naderi, Robert; Siegert, Manuel ; Schmitz, Sophia ; Tanis, Kerstin ; Spieß, C. Katharina ; Steinhauer, Hans Walter ; Niehues, Wenke ; Cardozo, Adriana; Sauer, Lenore ; Décieux, Jean Philippe ;Zitatform
Brücker, Herbert, Andreas Ette, Markus M. Grabka, Yuliya Kosyakova, Wenke Niehues, Nina Rother, C. Katharina Spieß, Sabine Zinn, Martin Bujard, Adriana Cardozo, Jean Philippe Décieux, Amrei Maddox, Nadja Milewski, Robert Naderi, Lenore Sauer, Sophia Schmitz, Silvia Schwanhäuser, Manuel Siegert, Kerstin Tanis & Hans Walter Steinhauer (2023): Geflüchtete aus der Ukraine in Deutschland: Ergebnisse der ersten Welle der IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP Befragung. (IAB-Forschungsbericht 02/2023), Nürnberg, 136 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FB.2302
Abstract
"Der russische Angriffskrieg auf die Ukraine hat die größte Fluchtbewegung in Europa seit Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs ausgelöst. Seit Kriegsbeginn sind mehr als eine Million Menschen aus der Ukraine nach Deutschland geflohen. Erste repräsentative Erkenntnisse über deren Lebenssituation und Zukunftspläne ermöglicht die Studie „Geflüchtete aus der Ukraine in Deutschland (IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP Befragung)“, eine gemeinsame Studie des Instituts für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), des Bundesinstituts für Bevölkerungsforschung (BiB), des Forschungszentrums des Bundesamts für Migration und Flüchtlinge (BAMF-FZ) und des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) am DIW Berlin. Für diese Studie wurden 11.763 Geflüchtete aus der Ukraine in der Zeit zwischen August und Oktober 2022 befragt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Holding the Door Slightly Open: Germany's Migrants' Return Intentions and Realizations (2023)
Sallam, Hend;Zitatform
Sallam, Hend (2023): Holding the Door Slightly Open: Germany's Migrants' Return Intentions and Realizations. (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 1181), Berlin, 35 S.
Abstract
"Return migration intentions are complex and are not necessarily followed by future return migration. Our study compares successful return or repeated migration with self-declared return intentions. We take advantage of the latest German Socio-Economic Panel survey dropout studies and fieldwork to observe a wider return migration window than reported in the literature to answer the question of whether return migration intentions eventually coincided with actual emigration behaviors. We also examine the validity of return migration estimates. This paper explores whether return intentions eventually materialize, whether they can eventually predict actual return behaviors, and if the determinants of actual and predicted return based on intentions are similar. Overall, our results support that migration intentions can predict actual return behavior. While our results show discrepancies in the predictors of return intentions and actual returns, they show emigration intentions as good predictors of actual future emigration. Moreover, we find that life satisfaction significantly impacts the individual intention to remigrate." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labour market hierarchies within and beyond the EU: Poland's politics of migration (2023)
Zitatform
Szelewa, Dorota & Michal Polakowski (2023): Labour market hierarchies within and beyond the EU: Poland's politics of migration. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 49, H. 16, S. 4120-4139. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2023.2207331
Abstract
"This article shows how the hierarchised nature of the EU mobility regime is underpinned by member states' policies in a major country of emigration such as Poland. Drawing on historical institutionalism, this paper documents the path-dependent approach regarding policies that have contributed to the outflow of Polish workers and simultaneously to meet the demand for labour at home. While concerns about the consequences of emigration were raised already in 2005, Polish governments have kept defending the EU policies that underpin this outflow and its hierarchised nature. Rather than to improve the rights of Polish mobile workers, Polish governments have defended companies' rights to use "wage competitiveness" as a method of increasing mobility. In response to the increasing demand in the domestic labour market, governments first tried return campaigns, but they have since turned to importing labour, especially from Ukraine. In this way, the policies of the Polish state have helped reaffirm the hierarchised nature of the EU mobility regime by exporting workers to be subjected to poor conditions abroad while importing Ukrainian workers to experience poor conditions at home. Thus, Poland occupies an unusual place in the "migration chain", being, simultaneously, a source of as well as a destination for migrant workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The dynamics of return migration, human capital accumulation, and wage assimilation (2022)
Adda, Jérôme; Görlach, Joseph-Simon; Dustmann, Christian;Zitatform
Adda, Jérôme, Christian Dustmann & Joseph-Simon Görlach (2022): The dynamics of return migration, human capital accumulation, and wage assimilation. In: The Review of Economic Studies, Jg. 89, H. 6, S. 2841-2871. DOI:10.1093/restud/rdac003
Abstract
"This article develops and estimates a dynamic model where individuals differ in ability and location preference to evaluate the mechanisms that affect the evolution of immigrants’ careers in conjunction with their re-migration plans. Our analysis highlights a novel form of selective return migration where those who plan to stay longer invest more into skill acquisition, with important implications for the assessment of immigrants’ career paths and the estimation of their earnings profiles. Our study also explains the willingness of immigrants to accept jobs at wages that seem unacceptable to natives. Finally, our model provides important insight for the design of migration policies, showing that policies that initially restrict residence or condition residence on achievement shape not only immigrants’ career profiles through their impact on human capital investment but also determine the selection of arrivals and leavers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
To Stay or to Return? A Review on Return Migration Literature (2022)
Zitatform
Bilecen, Tuncay (2022): To Stay or to Return? A Review on Return Migration Literature. In: Migration Letters, Jg. 19, H. 4, S. 367-385. DOI:10.33182/ml.v19i4.2092
Abstract
"For a long time, return migration had been one of the neglected topics of migration literature. However, in recent years, many studies discussing return migration in various dimensions have been published. This paper aims to assess the main findings of return migration studies, particularly in recent years, with an emphasis on the multifaceted character of return migrations. This study also reveals that, in the last few decades, the transnational ties established by migrants with their homelands have changed their perspectives on return (i.e., re-migration). This trend shows that while human mobility increases with the development of transportation and communication technology, re-migration tends to take on a cyclical, rather than a permanent character in recent times." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Zur verfassungsrechtlichen Prüfung des Asylbewerberleistungsgesetzes: Stellungnahme des IAB vom 4.10.2022 zum Verfahren des Bundesverfassungsgerichts (2022)
Zitatform
Brücker, Herbert & Philipp Jaschke (2022): Zur verfassungsrechtlichen Prüfung des Asylbewerberleistungsgesetzes. Stellungnahme des IAB vom 4.10.2022 zum Verfahren des Bundesverfassungsgerichts. (IAB-Stellungnahme 06/2022), Nürnberg, 16 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.SN.2206
Abstract
"Mit der Stellungnahme nimmt das IAB die Gelegenheit wahr, sich im Rahmen der verfassungsrechtlichen Prüfung des Asylbewerberleistungsgesetzes (AsylbLG) zu äußern. Im Fokus stehen empirische Erkenntnisse zu bedarfsrelevanten Minder- und Mehrbedarfen von Leistungsberechtigten nach dem AsylbLG sowie zu möglichen Zusammenhängen zwischen der Höhe von Leistungssätzen und dem aufenthaltsrechtlichen Status bzw. der Aufenthaltsdauer in Deutschland. Grundsätzlich geht es bei den zu prüfenden Regelungen im AsylbLG um die Gewährung von Leistungen zur Deckung des notwendigen Bedarfs und des notwendigen persönlichen Bedarfs durch Sachleistungen oder Wertgutscheine (anstatt Geldleistungen). Damit wird von der grundsätzlichen Systematik einer Orientierung der Leistungssätze an denen für Grundleistungsbeziehende nach dem SGB II bzw. SGB XII Abstand genommen. Insbesondere wird unterstellt, dass der Bedarf von Asylbewerberinnen und -bewerbern, die in Gemeinschaftsunterkünften untergebracht sind, geringer ist. Die Annahme, dass Personen, die in Gemeinschaftsunterkünften leben, ähnlich wie Ehe- und andere Partner/Partnerinnen eine Lebensgemeinschaft bilden, erscheint wenig realistisch. Zudem werden Kürzungen der Leistungssätze für die Bereiche Freizeit, Unterhaltung, Kultur (Abteilung 9) und Bildungswesen (Abteilung 10) vorgenommen. Die in dieser Stellungnahme zusammengefasste empirische Evidenz spricht dafür, dass sich Kürzungen der Leistungssätze in diesen Bereichen nachteilig auf die Integration der Asylsuchenden in Gesellschaft und Arbeitsmarkt auswirken. Die Kürzung der Leistungssätze für die Asylsuchenden im Vergleich zu Leistungsbeziehenden nach dem SGB II bzw. dem SGB XII steht im Kontext einer gesellschaftlichen Diskussion über die Anreizwirkungen, sogenannte Pull-Effekte, von sozialen Transferleistungen nach dem AsylbLG. Die Befürchtung, dass die Höhe der Leistungssätze des AsylbLG systematisch die Anreize für die Migration nach Deutschland bzw. die Rückkehr in die Herkunftsländer der Asylsuchenden beeinflusst – also die Aufenthaltsdauer und den Aufenthaltsstatus – wird allerdings nicht durch belastbare empirische Befunde aus der Migrationsforschung gestützt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary migration entails benefits, but also costs, for sending and receiving countries: There are important trade-offs between temporary and permanent migration (2022)
Görlach, Joseph-Simon; Kuske, Katarina;Zitatform
Görlach, Joseph-Simon & Katarina Kuske (2022): Temporary migration entails benefits, but also costs, for sending and receiving countries. There are important trade-offs between temporary and permanent migration. (IZA world of labor 503), Bonn, 10 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.503
Abstract
"Migranten, die von vornherein planen, in ihre Heimatländer zurückzukehren, nehmen eher schlechter bezahlte Jobs an, sparen mehr und transferieren mehr Geld. Die Anreize sich zu integrieren und in aufnahmelandspezifische Qualifikationen zu investieren, sind entsprechend schwächer ausgeprägt. was ihre Karriere behindert. Diese Entscheidungen auf Mikroebene haben in Herkunfts- wie Aufnahmeländern makroökonomische Auswirkungen, von den Effekten der Rücküberweisungen und unternehmerischen Investitionen in der Heimat bis hin zu fiskalischen Folgen in den Zielländern. Diese Aufnahmeländer sehen sich mit einem Trade-off konfrontiert: Während die Rückkehrmigration vor dem Eintritt in den Ruhestand einerseits die Kosten für die öffentlichen Sozialsysteme begrenzt, steigern die Aussichten auf eine dauerhafte Niederlassung den beruflichen Erfolg und die Integration, wodurch Steuereinnahmen steigen und der soziale Zusammenhalt gestärkt wird." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Deutsche Kurzfassung -
Literaturhinweis
The dynamics of return migration, human capital accumulation, and wage assimilation (2021)
Adda, Jérôme; Görlach, Joseph-Simon; Dustmann, Christian;Zitatform
Adda, Jérôme, Christian Dustmann & Joseph-Simon Görlach (2021): The dynamics of return migration, human capital accumulation, and wage assimilation. (CESifo working paper 9051), München, 90 S.
Abstract
"To assess the implications of the interplay between anticipated migration durations and immigrants' behavior, we develop a lifecycle model in which immigrants decide labor market participation, consumption, and investment in human capital together with the optimal length of migration. We estimate this model using panel data that provide repeated information on immigrants' return intentions and realized return migrations. We show that the relation between return intentions and human capital investment leads to behavior-based selective outmigration, and that policies that influence migrants' return decisions may lead to suboptimal career profiles, inducing welfare losses for both immigrants and the host country's population." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
COVID-19, Working from Home and the Potential Reverse Brain Drain (2021)
Bakalova, Irina; Dzyuba, Yuri; Fidrmuc, Jan; Berlinschi, Ruxanda;Zitatform
Bakalova, Irina, Ruxanda Berlinschi, Jan Fidrmuc & Yuri Dzyuba (2021): COVID-19, Working from Home and the Potential Reverse Brain Drain. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 845), Maastricht, 14 S.
Abstract
"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a substantial increase in the prevalence of working from home among white-collar occupations. This can have important implications for the future of the workplace and quality of life. We discuss an additional implication, which we label reverse brain drain: the possibility that white-collar migrant workers return to live in their countries of origin while continuing to work for employers in their countries of destination. We estimate the potential size of this reverse flow using data from the European Labor Force Survey. Our estimates suggest that the UK, France, Switzerland and Germany each have around half a million skilled migrants who could perform their jobs from their home countries. Most of them originate from the other EU member states: both old and new. We discuss the potential economic, social and political implications of such reverse brain drain." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Longing for Which Home: Evidence from Global Aspirations to Stay, Return or Migrate Onwards (2021)
Zitatform
Bekaert, Els, Amelie F. Constant, Killian Foubert & Ilse Ruyssen (2021): Longing for Which Home. Evidence from Global Aspirations to Stay, Return or Migrate Onwards. (Working paper / Ghent University. Faculty of Economics and Business Administration 2021,1028), Gent, 45 S.
Abstract
"Aspirations provide the underlying dynamics of the behavior of individuals whether they are realized or not. Knowledge about the characteristics and motives of those who aspire to leave the host country is key for both host and home countries to formulate appropriate and effective policies in order to keep their valued immigrants or citizens and foster their (re-)integration. Based on unique individual-level Gallup World Polls data, we model the aspirations or stated preferences to return or migrate onwards of immigrants across 138 countries worldwide. Our analysis reveals selection in characteristics, a strong role for soft factors like social ties and sociocultural integration, and a faint role for economic factors. Changes in circumstances in the home and host countries are also important determinants of aspirations. Results differ by the host countries’ level of economic development." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Why Do Migrants Stay Unexpectedly? Misperceptions and Implications for Integration (2021)
Kaufmann, Marc; Machado, Joël; Verheyden, Bertrand;Zitatform
Kaufmann, Marc, Joël Machado & Bertrand Verheyden (2021): Why Do Migrants Stay Unexpectedly? Misperceptions and Implications for Integration. (IZA discussion paper 14155), Bonn, 54 S.
Abstract
"Empirical evidence suggests that a large proportion of immigrants who initially intended to stay temporarily in the destination country end up staying permanently, which may lead to suboptimal integration. We study systematic causes of unexpected staying that originate in migrant misperceptions. Our framework contains uncertainty about long-term wages, endogenous integration and savings in the short term, and return migration in the long term. We identify necessary and sufficient conditions on misperceptions that lead migrants to overestimate their probability of return migration, independently of their characteristics. We show that these conditions involve pessimism about the destination country, either in terms of short-term utility, of long-term utility, or of wage prospects. We then highlight specific behavioural biases that give rise to such forms of pessimism. Using the German Socio-Economic Panel, we find that relatively higher pessimism at arrival about future utility and wages is associated with migrants staying unexpectedly ex post." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Life satisfaction and return migration: analysing the role of life satisfaction for migrant return intentions in Germany (2021)
Zitatform
Schiele, Maximilian (2021): Life satisfaction and return migration: analysing the role of life satisfaction for migrant return intentions in Germany. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 47, H. 1, S. 110-129., 2020-04-28. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2020.1763786
Abstract
"This study analyses the role of life satisfaction for the intention of migrants to return to their country of origin. It is argued that the utility function of return migration is a function of life satisfaction gains and losses due to migration. Using the German Socio-Economic Panel and the World Value Survey, first-generation migrants from 26 countries were studied on the country level and within a random intercept logistic regression framework. The results suggest that cross-country differences in the intended return rate can be explained by expected cross-country differences in the life satisfaction gains/losses of migrants that return. However, the effect might be quadratic rather than linear. On the micro data level as well, migrants tend to settle or return depending on the life satisfaction in Germany and their country of origin. This effect seems to be driven by relatively recent arrivals and migrants with transnational social ties. The study concludes that migration decisions are to some degree determined by life satisfaction maximisation and that this life satisfaction maximisation behaviour can be best observed when migrants know what to expect from their move." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
High Selection, Low Success: The Heterogeneous Effect of Migrants' Access to Employment on Their Remigration (2020)
Zitatform
Caron, Louise & Mathieu Ichou (2020): High Selection, Low Success: The Heterogeneous Effect of Migrants' Access to Employment on Their Remigration. In: International migration review, Jg. 54, H. 4, S. 1104-1133. DOI:10.1177/0197918320904925
Abstract
"This article reconciles contrasting findings on the effect of access to employment on remigration by showing that this effect is actually heterogeneous and depends on migrants' initial educational selection from the origin country. Combining longitudinal data from England and Wales (1971–2011) with data on educational attainment distributions in migrants' origin countries, we find that the impact of being out of a job (unemployed or inactive) on the probability to remigrate is larger among migrants who were initially more positively selected in terms of educational attainment. This interaction effect appears stronger for male and recent migrants. Thus, in addition to migrants' access to employment in the host country, the mismatch between migrants' initial selection — that partly captures their premigration expectations — and their employment status at destination helps explain remigration behaviors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Politische Debatten um Migration und Integration: Konzepte und Fallbeispiele (2019)
Bizeul, Yves; Rudolf, Dennis Bastian;Zitatform
Bizeul, Yves & Dennis Bastian Rudolf (Hrsg.) (2019): Politische Debatten um Migration und Integration. Konzepte und Fallbeispiele. Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 229 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-23963-3
Abstract
"Der Sammelband kombiniert die Diskussion theoretischer Konzepte mit länderübergreifenden Analysen zu Migration und Integration. Im Mittelpunkt stehen einerseits Fragen bezüglich der Grenzen klassischer Migrations- und Integrationstheorien bzw. Möglichkeiten für deren Erweiterung und andererseits empirische Fallbeispiele, welche nach den Ursachen und Folgen von Flucht- und Migrationsbewegungen fragen, den länderspezifischen Umgang mit Migration und Integration beleuchten sowie Lösungsansätze und aktuelle Migrations- und Integrationspolitiken diskutieren." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Kurzexpertise Zuwanderung (2019)
Brücker, Herbert ; Trübswetter, Parvati; Fuchs, Johann ; Schuß, Eric; Weber, Enzo ; Söhnlein, Doris ;Zitatform
Brücker, Herbert, Johann Fuchs, Eric Schuß, Doris Söhnlein, Parvati Trübswetter & Enzo Weber (2019): Kurzexpertise Zuwanderung. Nürnberg, 58 S.
Abstract
"Die vorliegende Kurzexpertise untersucht, ob und inwieweit die jüngste Einwanderung seit 2005 einen Beitrag dazu leisten kann, das deutsche Rentensystem zu entlasten und den Beitragssatz in der GRV zu stabilisieren. Zur Analyse wird auf die IAB-SOEP-Migrationsstichprobe und den Mikrozensus zurückgegriffen - die nach der Beschreibung des Forschungsvorhabens in Kapitel 1 - in Kapitel 2 zunächst beschrieben werden. In einem ersten Schritt werden in Kapitel 3 die individuellen Merkmale und der Bildungshintergrund der im Ausland geborenen Einwanderinnen und Einwanderer betrachtet. Anschließend wird in Kapital 4 die aktuelle Arbeitsmarktintegration der Zuzüge und ihre Beschäftigungssituation in Abhängigkeit von der Aufenthaltsdauer analysiert. Dabei wird auch erläutert, inwiefern das Rück- und Auswanderungsverhalten der Einwanderinnen und Einwanderer Einfluss auf die Beurteilung des Beitrages von Einwanderung für die Deutsche Rentenversicherung hat. Deshalb schließt sich mit Kapitel 5 eine Prognose an, die auf der Basis eines stochastischen Modells die künftige Bedeutung der in Deutschland lebenden Bevölkerung mit ausländischer Nationalität, insbesondere für den Arbeitsmarkt, darstellt. Abschließend werde die Ergebnisse der einzelnen Kapitel zusammengefasst und diskutiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Relational ambivalence: Exploring the social and discursive dimensions of ambivalence: The case of Turkish aging labor migrants (2019)
Zitatform
Palmberger, Monika (2019): Relational ambivalence: Exploring the social and discursive dimensions of ambivalence. The case of Turkish aging labor migrants. In: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Jg. 60, H. 1/2, S. 74-90. DOI:10.1177/0020715219832918
Abstract
"Many of Vienna's labor migrants who entered Austria as so-called 'guest workers' together with their spouses long nurtured the dream of returning to their country of origin, at the latest when they retired. By then, however, returning became less than straightforward leading to ambivalence regarding questions of belonging/return and transnational mobility and late-life care. Based on rich qualitative data, in this article, I show that ambivalences are found in the complexity of migrants' narratives, particularly in the way they (1) reassess past choices, (2) negotiate feelings of belonging, and (3) assess future options for late life and care. I argue that the social dimension of ambivalence, which I term 'relational ambivalence,' is crucial to understanding the labor migrants' experiences, reflections, and choices. The analysis shows that ambivalence must be understood as a product of relationships rather than solely an individual experience. The concept of relational ambivalence captures these social and discursive dimensions of ambivalence. The article ultimately carves out the particularity of ambivalence in the general context of migration and in the specific context of Vienna's labor migrants, while accepting feelings of ambivalence or the simultaneity of different, opposing positions in one and the same person as a core human experience." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Einwanderungspolitik
- Auswirkungen von Migration
- Wanderungsmotivation und Rückwanderung
- Arbeitslosigkeit und Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Qualifikation, Bildung und Beschäftigung
- Integration und soziale Teilhabe
- internationale Aspekte
- Personengruppen