Zitatform

Bassetto, Jacopo & Teresa Freitas Monteiro (2025): Immigrants Return Intentions and Labor Market Behavior When the Home Country is Unsafe. In: Journal of labor economics, S. 1-52. DOI:10.1086/739054

Abstract

"This paper investigates whether shocks to safety conditions in the home country affectimmigrants’ return intentions and labor market behavior. For identification, we exploit the quasi-random occurrence of violent events in the home-country relative to the timing of interviews and job separations in Germany. We show that immigrants interviewed after a violent event in their home-country are more likely to wish to remain in Germany permanently. If immigrants enter unemployment following a violent event in their home-country, they increase their job search effort and find employment faster, at the cost of accepting lower wages and working in less productive firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Bijwaard, Govert E. & Christian Schluter (2025): Interdependent hazards, local interactions and the return decision of recent migrants. In: Spatial Economic Analysis, S. 1-21. DOI:10.1080/17421772.2025.2530498

Abstract

"We propose a new statistical model of spatially interdependent hazards in order to examine whether interactions at the level of the neighborhood are present. To address the endogeneity of location choices, we also implement a weighting scheme that combines insights from inverse propensity score weighting and Bartik-shift-share instrumentation. The good performance of our approach is demonstrated in a Monte Carlo study. In our empirical application a unique large administrative dataset of recent Turkish labor immigrants to The Netherlands is used. We find a positive spatial interaction parameter and show that the local spatial multipliers are substantial." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bruzelius, Cecilia & Lea Reiß (2025): Please come back! How and why European governments try to reattract emigrated citizens. In: Comparative Migration Studies, Jg. 13, H. 1. DOI:10.1186/s40878-025-00421-7

Abstract

"Many EU Member States have adopted emigrant return policies (ERPs) meant to encourage and assist emigrated citizens’ migration back to their country of origin. Despite the significance of this trend, there is a notable lack of comparative research on the nature of ERPs and explanations for their introduction. This article offers a comprehensive analysis of ERPs across all EU countries that have introduced such policies in the past two decades (2004–2023) – including 17 countries and 81 policies. We examine policy instruments, target groups, policy justifications, and the political contexts associated with the introduction of ERPs. Our analysis reveals that ERPs are largely symbolic in substance – although the use of more costlyeconomic tools increased towards the end of the analysed period –, primarily targeting the young and highly skilled, and justified predominantly in relation to the economy. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ERPs are often introduced for political reasons: while many of these policies are likely to be ineffective in shaping migration, they have been adopted in contexts where emigration and/or related issues were salient to showcase action on a highly complex policy issue. The study covers new empirical ground regarding how and why EU Member States govern migration within a free movement space and the understudied politics of emigration and return." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Erlinghagen, Marcel & Lisa Mansfeld (2025): Aus- und Rückwanderung deutscher Arbeitskräfte. Droht eine Verschärfung des Fachkräftemangels? In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 78, H. 4, S. 304-311. DOI:10.5771/0342-300x-2025-4-304

Abstract

"Auf Basis der Daten der German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study (GERPS) untersucht der Beitrag Ausmaß und Folgen der internationalen Migration deutscher Arbeitskräfte. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es kaum zu dauerhaften Verlusten kommt, sondern die Abwanderung deutscher Fachkräfte ins Ausland vielfach ein temporäres Phänomen ist. Die allermeisten Ausgewanderten kommen nach einigen Jahren zurück. Diese zirkuläre Migration geht häufig einher mit verbesserten Arbeitsbedingungen (Lohn, Aufstiegschancen, Autonomie) im Ausland ebenso wie nach der Rückkehr nach Deutschland. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass die Rückgewanderten neues Wissen und neue Fertigkeiten mit nach Deutschland bringen, wovon auch und gerade Unternehmen profitieren sollten. Allerdings kommt es insgesamt zu einem Nettoverlust von Arbeitskräften, der sich für einzelne Berufsgruppen unterschiedlich darstellt. Gleichwohl ist gemessen am Gesamtvolumen der Berufsgruppen dieser Verlust von untergeordneter Bedeutung. Hier gilt es, in Zukunft stärker die Abwanderung ausländischer Fachkräfte in den Blick der Forschung und des politischen Interesses zu rücken, die quantitativ wesentlich bedeutsamer sein dürfte." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Hammer, Luisa, Kamal Kassam, Yuliya Kosyakova, Katia Gallegos‑Torres, Lukas Olbrich, Theresa Koch & Simon Wagner (2025): The Downfall of Assad: Syrian Refugees’ Settlement Intentions after the Unexpected Regime Change. (IAB-Discussion Paper 09/2025), Nürnberg, 31 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.DP.2509

Abstract

"Am 8. Dezember 2024 veränderte der plötzliche Zusammenbruch des Regimes von Bashar al‑Assad die politische Landschaft Syriens und die Rückkehraussichten für Millionen von im Ausland lebenden Syrern abrupt. Wir nutzen diesen unerwarteten Regimewechsel als natürliches Experiment, um die kausalen Auswirkungen der Entwicklungen im Heimatland auf die Ansiedlungs‑und Rückkehrabsichten von Flüchtlingen zu schätzen. Auf der Grundlage neuartiger Umfragedaten aus Deutschland, die nur wenige Tage vor dem Sturz Assads erhoben wurden, stellen wir fest, dass der Zusammenbruch des Regimes die Ansiedlungsabsichten der Syrer in Deutschland erheblich beeinflusste. Befragte, die danach befragt wurden, äußerten eher temporäre Niederlassungsabsichten, gaben eher an, Auswanderungsüberlegungen zu haben, und äußerten eher Unsicherheit über ihre Zukunft in Deutschland. Wir finden jedoch keine Auswirkungen auf konkrete kurzfristige Auswanderungspläne, was darauf hindeutet, dass die erhöhten Rückkehrwünsche eher zukunftsorientierte Absichten als unmittelbare Verhaltensänderungen widerspiegeln. Weitere Analysen zeigen, dass Rechtssicherheit in Deutschland und eine schwächere soziale oder emotionale Integration mit einer stärkeren Präferenz für einen vorübergehenden Aufenthalt korrelieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Kanas, Agnieszka, Frank van Tubergen & Yuliya Kosyakova (2025): Determinants of refugees’ generalised and institutional trust: evidence from Germany. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1080/1369183x.2025.2514800

Abstract

"This paper examines the factors shaping refugees’ institutionalized and generalized trust, focusing on three key influences: (1) pre-arrival migration effects, such as experiences of trauma; (2) asylum procedure effects, including the length and outcome of the process and perceptions of fairness; and (3) post-procedure effects, particularly the context of reception. Using data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP survey of refugees in Germany, we find that the conditions of the asylum process and the reception context are critical determinants of refugees’ trust. Specifically, while the length of the asylum process and living in shared accommodations negatively affect institutional trust, these impacts are largely mediated by other refugee-specific experiences, such as perceptions of procedural and interactional justice. Receiving a positive asylum decision directly enhances refugees ’ trust in German institutions and other people, whereas being trapped in existential limbo severely erodes trust levels. Additionally, refugees subject to residency restrictions exhibit lower institutional and generalized trust levels than those without such limitations. These findings highlight the critical role of short and fair asylum procedures and inclusive reception policies in fostering trust among refugees, with significant implications for improving integration outcomes and social cohesion." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Kosyakova, Yuliya & Enzo Weber (2025): Bleiben oder gehen? Das Demografieproblem lässt sich nicht allein durch die Zuwanderung von Fachkräften lösen. Wir müssen auch deren Abwanderung verringern. Denkfabrik. In: Wirtschaftswoche H. 3, S. 38.

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Kosyakova, Yuliya, Lukas Olbrich, Katia Gallegos Torres, Luisa Hammer, Theresa Koch & Simon Wagner (2025): Germany as a stopover? Insights into return and International Mobility Panel of Migrants in Germany (IMPa). (IAB-Forschungsbericht 15/2025 (en)), Nürnberg, 92 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FB.2515en

Abstract

"Temporary migration of people who have immigrated to Germany is a frequently observed phenomenon, and the trend is rising. Between 2014 and 2023, the average emigration rate among foreign nationals ranged from 6 to 11 percent, depending on the data source. At the same time, Germany requires a net annual immigration of around 400,000 people to stabilize its labor force potential. The high mobility propensity among immigrants can challenge this goal - with far-reaching consequences for securing skilled labor, integration, and the long-term viability of the welfare state. To gain robust insights into the causes, patterns, and effects of mobility, the International Mobility Panel of Migrants in Germany (IMPa) has been established as a new longitudinal online survey. It includes first-time surveys every two years, complemented by annual follow-up surveys over a four-year period. In the first wave (December 2024 to April 2025), around 50,000 immigrants participated. The first follow-up survey is scheduled for the second half of 2025. Using statistical weighting procedures, the data allow for representative statements about individuals in Germany who immigrated by April 2, 2024, are registered in the data of the Federal Employment Agency (e.g. via employment, benefit receipt, or participation in labor market programs), and are in working age (18 to 65 years). Key findings from the first wave indicate: A narrow majority of immigrants (57 percent, roughly 5.7 million people) plan to stay in Germany permanently. Around 1.2 million (12 percent) aim for a temporary stay, and roughly 3 million (30 percent) remain uncertain. About 2.6 million people (26 percent) reported having considered leaving Germany in the last 12 months; approximately 300,000 (3 percent) already have concrete emigration plans - split roughly equally between return migration and onward migration. Given Germany's structural need for skilled labor, the political priority in migration policy is shifting: not only immigration, but also the long-term retention of immigrants is becoming a key challenge. The data reveal that emigration intentions vary widely. Those intending to return primarily target European countries such as Poland or Romania but also Turkey, while onward migrants tend to prefer Switzerland, the United States, or Spain. Motivations also differ: family reasons dominate returns to the country of origin, while economic opportunities play a key role in onward migration. Main reasons for emigration considerations include political dissatisfaction, personal preferences, tax burdens, and bureaucracy. These motives are present among labor migrants, education- and family-based migrants alike; refugees also frequently cite discrimination as a major reason. Overall, the findings suggest that state measures such as reducing bureaucracy, simplifying administrative procedures, and offering tax incentives could help lower emigration intentions. Regarding sociodemographic and migration-specific factors, the IMPa results highlight their central role in shaping emigration intentions. Men report higher rates of temporary stay intentions, emigration considerations, and concrete migration plans than women. Region of origin and reason for migration significantly influence mobility patterns: refugees and individuals with family reunification backgrounds express considerably lower emigration tendencies, while migrants from EU countries and those who came for work or education show higher mobility. Furthermore, immigrants with permanent residence status or EU/German citizenship are more likely to consider leaving - probably due to broader legal mobility options. The IMPa results highlight that labor market factors and economic integration also play a critical but nuanced role in shaping emigration intentions. Education emerges as a key predictor: highly educated individuals more frequently express thoughts of leaving or make concrete plans than those with lower educational levels. Qualifications obtained in Germany or third countries - as well as foreign qualifications recognized in Germany - are more strongly associated with emigration considerations, likely due to their higher international transferability. Employed individuals are more likely to report temporary stay intentions than those who are not employed or are in training. Sectors where the outmigration risk among immigrants is particularly high-such as IT and technical services-are also those facing significant skilled labor shortages. Furthermore, it is notable that in other sectors vulnerable to labor shortages-such as healthcare, construction, public administration, or retail-, emigration tendencies are not above average, but they are still relevant. Higher incomes are also associated with stronger emigration considerations and plans, which indicates that migrants who are particularly well integrated into the labor market want to leave Germany again. Another important factor is job satisfaction: the less satisfied individuals are with their work, the more frequently they express temporary intentions to stay, thoughts of emigration, and concrete emigration plans. Job satisfaction thus acts as a stabilizing factor. Language skills show differentiated effects: while descriptive findings suggest that individuals with poor German skills have lower intentions to stay permanently and higher mobility plans, multivariate analyses indicate that good German skills are associated with increased mobility. Good English skills also tend to increase emigration intentions, likely due to better international labor market options. Social integration and societal participation are also crucial: family ties in Germany and regular contact with German nationals have a stabilizing effect. A strong emotional attachment to Germany stabilizes the intention to stay, whereas a strong connection to the country of origin increases the likelihood of emigration. A strong subjective sense of welcome and low perceptions of discrimination significantly reduce the probability of emigration considerations and plans. Conversely, perceptions of discrimination - especially in interactions with authorities, police, and at the workplace - greatly increases emigration tendencies. Political dissatisfaction also significantly raises the likelihood of emigration-related thoughts and plans. In summary, emigration intentions do not arise randomly but are the result of a complex interplay of individual characteristics, social integration, economic anchoring, and perceived societal acceptance. One of the central findings of the IMPa survey is that those who came to Germany for work or education, better educated, more economically successful, and more linguistically integrated are the ones most likely to consider leaving or already have concrete plans to do so. In other words: those most urgently needed to secure Germany's future labor supply are also those most inclined to leave. This selective mobility endangers the country's long-term ability to retain skilled labor. It is therefore essential to offer this group a meaningful perspective and to position Germany not only as a place of immigration but as a country in which people want to stay and build their future. This includes faster and more transparent recognition of qualifications, a determined reduction of bureaucratic hurdles, family-friendly integration policies, and targeted measures against everyday and workplace discrimination. Only when immigrants feel like fully included members of society - with real opportunities for participation and professional advancement - are they likely to choose Germany as their long-term home and pursue both personal and professional goals here. So far, only about one fifth of those with emigration plans have taken concrete steps towards leaving. At the same time, roughly one fifth express a long-term wish to return to Germany, one third rule it out, and about half remain undecided. This means that around two thirds of those considering emigration are potentially open to returning in the future. Activating and supporting this return potential could become a valuable component of Germany's strategic labor policy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Kosyakova, Yuliya & Lukas Olbrich (2025): Bleiben oder gehen? Der Aufenthaltsstatus von Zugewanderten prägt Abwanderungsabsichten. In: Wirtschaftsdienst, Jg. 105, H. 9, S. 632-637., 2025-09-02. DOI:10.2478/wd-2025-0163

Abstract

"Deutschland ist auf qualifizierte Zuwanderung angewiesen – doch viele Eingewanderte denken über eine Ausreise nach. Neue Panel-Daten zeigen: Rund ein Viertel der Zugewanderten äußert Abwanderungsüberlegungen, insbesondere besser integrierte Personen mit guten Deutschkenntnissen, hoher Bildung und Erwerbsbeteiligung. Der rechtliche Aufenthaltsstatus spielt dabei eine zentrale Rolle: Ein unbefristeter Status bietet zwar Sicherheit, erhöht aber auch die Mobilitätsoptionen. Besonders häufig geben EU-Bürger:innen sowie Eingebürgerte Auswanderungsabsichten an. Schutzsuchende hingegen äußern seltener solche Pläne – zugleich nennen gerade sie Bürokratie als zentrales Abwanderungsmotiv. Die Ergebnisse zeigen: Deutschland muss sich nicht nur als Einwanderungs-, sondern auch als Bleibeland positionieren – durch weniger Bürokratie, bessere Anerkennungsverfahren, gezielte Integrationsangebote und ein offenes gesellschaftliches Klima." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Liu, Yang Vincent, Sanja Kutnjak Ivković & Valentina Pavlović Vinogradac (2025): Push and pull factors in return migration intentions among first‐generation Croatian migrants in Germany and Ireland. In: International Migration, Jg. 63, H. 3. DOI:10.1111/imig.13353

Abstract

"Why are some migrants more willing to move back to their homeland than others? Using a mixed methods approach, this article sheds light on the factors contributing to the desire for return migration among first-generation Croatian migrants (N = 499). In particular, the current study focuses on the role that migrants' trust in state institutions in both their homeland and current countries of residence plays in their desire to return to the homeland. Quantitative analyses reveal that factors of institutional trust strongly correlate with migrants' willingness to return to Croatia, as do short-term visits and (dis)satisfaction with their current lives, particularly for those who left Croatia for personal reasons instead of institutional ones. The qualitative results suggest that the pull factors of return migration tend to be personal, while the push factors are largely institutional. In addition, the idea of a “future” for both the returnees (e.g. financial stability) and the country (e.g. political conditions) is the key to migrants' decision-making about returning." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Reinold, Julia & Melissa Siegel (2025): First Impressions Matter: Feeling Welcome and Onward Migration Intentions of Highly Skilled Migrants. In: Journal of International Migration and Integration, Jg. 26, H. 1, S. 543-571. DOI:10.1007/s12134-024-01191-4

Abstract

"In the context of the global competition for highly skilled migrants, policy makers follow different approaches to attract and retain this highly sought-after group. One common assumption is that the establishment of a welcoming culture can facilitate the retention of highly skilled migrants. Relatively little is known, however, about the impact such policies can have on highly skilled migrants’ decisions to remain in the destination country. We address this gap by analysing the association between feeling welcome and highly skilled migrants ’ spatial intentions. We use a mixed methods approach that combines asurvey conducted among highly skilled migrants in the Euregio Meuse-Rhine (n = 410) and two rounds of semi-structured interviews (wave 1: n = 67; wave 2: n = 49). Our results suggest that respondents who feel welcome are more likely to have the intention to stay in the region permanently. This association is stronger for migrants with relatively more agency. The paper underlines the importance of early experiences in the host country and the role of subjective and intangible factors like feeling welcome in migration decision-making." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Silva, Bárbara G., Nicholas C. Andriese & James G. Combs (2025): Return Migrant Entrepreneurship: A Systematic Review and Future Research Agenda. In: Entrepreneurship theory and practice, S. 1-35. DOI:10.1177/10422587251322402

Abstract

"Why do migrants return home and start businesses? Research on this multistage phenomenon—that is, return followed by entrepreneurship—is fragmented, reflecting different scholarly approaches and reasons migrants return and start businesses (or not). We systematically review 80 papers addressing aspects of returnee entrepreneurship and organize findings into a two-stage process model grounded in three levels of analysis—institutional, social, and individual. Our model contributes by providing a parsimonious way to understand returnee entrepreneurship and describe what has been learned. We also contribute a research agenda to help entrepreneurship scholars leverage what is known about entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial processes to address critical unanswered questions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Amanzadeh, Naser, Amir Kermani & Timothy McQuade (2024): Return Migration and Human Capital Flows. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 32352), Cambridge, Mass, 75 S.

Abstract

"We bring to bear a novel dataset covering the employment history of about 450 million individuals from 180 countries to study return migration and the impact of skilled international migration on human capital stocks across countries. Return migration is a common phenomenon, with 38% of skilled migrants returning to their origin countries within 10 years. Return migration is significantly correlated with industry growth in the origin and destination countries, and is asymmetrically exposed to negative firm employment growth. Using an AKM-style model, we identify worker and country-firm fixed effects, as well as the returns to experience and education by location and current workplace. For workers in emerging economies, the returns to a year of experience in the United States are 59-204% higher than a year of experience in the origin country. Migrants to advanced economies are positively selected on ability relative to stayers, while within this migrant population, returnees exhibit lower ability. Simulations suggest that eliminating skilled international migration would have highly heterogeneous effects across countries, adjusting total (average) human capital stocks within a range of -60% to 40% (-3% to 4%)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Angele, Maritta & Andrea Janßen (2024): Rückkehrmigration in die Türkei aus postmigrantischer Perspektive. In: Migration und Soziale Arbeit, Jg. 46, H. 3, S. 255-261. DOI:10.3262/mig2403255

Abstract

"Mit Unterzeichnung des Anwerbeabkommens 1961 zwischen Deutschland und der Türkei kamen Arbeitnehmer*innen mit ihren Familien aus der Türkei nach Deutschland. Vorliegender Beitrag legt den Fokus einerseits auf das Erleben der Ankunft in Deutschland und andererseits auf die Motive und Entscheidungen, die türkeistämmige Menschen der sogenannten ersten Generation zur Rückkehr bewogen haben. Dabei verweist eine postmigrantische Blickrichtung sowohl auf die Leistungen und Anstrengungen der Zugewanderten als auch auf die Gleichzeitigkeit von Unsichtbarkeit und Rassismuserfahrungen in den Jahren in Deutschland. Nach Rückkehr in die Türkei verfestigen sich die bereits in früheren Jahren etablierten transnationalen Lebensmodelle, deren Voraussetzung eine gewisse ökonomische Unabhängigkeit ist." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Bahar, Dany, Andreas Hauptmann, Cem Özgüzel & Hillel Rapoport (2024): Migration and Knowledge Diffusion: The Effect of Returning Refugees on Export Performance in the Former Yugoslavia. In: The Review of Economics and Statistics, Jg. 106, H. 2, S. 287-304., 2021-11-18. DOI:10.1162/rest_a_01165

Abstract

"During the early 1990s Germany offered temporary protection to 700,000 Yugoslavian refugees fleeing war. By 2000, many had been repatriated. We exploit this natural experiment to investigate the role of returning migrants in boosting export performance upon their return. Using confidential German administrative data we find that industries with 10% more returning refugees exhibit larger exports between the pre- and post-war periods by 1 to 1.6%. We use exogenous allocation rules for asylum seekers within Germany as an instrument to deal with endogeneity concerns. We show evidence pointing to productivity shifts as the main mechanism behind our results. Consistently, we find our results are driven by refugees in occupations more apt to transfer knowledge, technologies and best-practices." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © MIT Press) ((en))

Zitatform

Bassetto, Jacopo & Giuseppe Ippedico (2024): Tax Incentives and Return Migration. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17224), Bonn, 69 S.

Abstract

"Brain drain is a key policy concern for many countries. In this paper we study whether tax incentives are an effective policy to attract high-skilled expatriates back to their home country, exploiting a generous income tax break for Italian returnees. Using administrative data and a Triple Differences design, we find that eligible individuals are 27% more likely to return to Italy. Additionally, we uncover significant effects throughout the wage distribution, revealing that tax-induced migration is a broad phenomenon beyond top earners. A cost-benefit analysis shows that the tax scheme can pay for itself by targeting young high-skilled individuals." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Bassetto, Jacopo & Teresa Freitas Monteiro (2024): Immigrants’ Returns Intentions and Job Search Behavior When the Home Country Is Unsafe. (CESifo working paper 10908), München, 51 S.

Abstract

"Migration is often temporary, and the intended length of stay in the host country is an important determinant of immigrants’ labor market behavior, human capital investment, and socioeconomic integration. In this paper, we investigate whether safety conditions in the home country affect immigrants’ return intentions and job search behavior. We combine administrative and survey data with precise information on terrorist attacks worldwide. Our identification strategy exploits the quasi-random occurrence of terrorist attacks in the home country relative to the timing of interviews and job separations in Germany. We show that immigrants interviewed after a terrorist attack in their home country are 12 percentage points more likely to wish to remain in Germany permanently. Immigrants react more strongly if they are less integrated in Germany and have close family members in their home country. Consistent with the prediction that revisions to the intended length of stay affect immigrants’ Labor market behavior, we show that immigrants who enter unemployment when a terrorist event hits their home country are 1.8 percentage points more likely to be employed within three months than immigrants who enter unemployment in quiet times. Among those who find employment within three months, immigrants who experience terror events receive lower hourly wages and are more likely to work part-time. These results suggest that immigrants who enter unemployment in a month with high levels of violence in the home country trade immediate job security for lower earnings and less-productive firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bassetto, Jacopo & Giuseppe Ippedico (2024): Rückkehrmigration am Beispiel Italiens: Steueranreize zeigen Wirkung. In: IAB-Forum H. 10.04.2024. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20240410.02

Abstract

"Seit vielen Jahren versucht Deutschland aufgrund des zunehmenden Fachkräftemangels hochqualifizierte Zuwandernde anzuziehen. Deutschland konkurriert hierbei nicht nur mit anderen Zielländern mit vergleichbarem Fachkräftemangel, sondern auch mit den Auswanderungsländern selbst. Einige Staaten, die vom Wegzug einheimischer Fachkräfte betroffen sind, versuchen diese zur Rückkehr ins Heimatland zu bewegen. Sie locken unter anderem mit hohen Steuerermäßigungen für Rückkehrende, wie sie beispielsweise Italien im Jahr 2010 eingeführt hat – mit nicht unerheblichem Erfolg." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Czeranowska, Olga & Dominika Winogrodzka (2024): Socio-occupational Paths of Polish and Lithuanian Returning Migrants: Sequence Analysis of Survey Data with the Use of TraMineR for R. In: Journal of International Migration and Integration, Jg. 25, H. 2, S. 997-1025. DOI:10.1007/s12134-024-01115-2

Abstract

"The growth and diversity in contemporary return migration have given rise to questions related to migrants' (re)integration into their society of origin. In particular, a growing set of studies examine the returnees' labour market situation to understand how time spent living and working abroad affects individuals' social mobility upon return. The key aim of this paper is to explore the socio-occupational paths of returning migrants. Based on the online survey with Polish and Lithuanian returnees (n = 544) who had spent at least a year in the UK, we aim to identify patterns in the socio-occupational sequences of people experiencing returning migration. Based on sequence analysis carried out in TraMineR (Life Trajectory Miner for R) covering the situation of returning migrants before migration, during migration and upon return, we have distinguished four clusters of sequences: (1) sequences with education, (2) sequences with employment, (3) sequences with unemployment and (4) sequences with self-employment. We compare those clusters in terms of demographic characteristics, as well as migration plans. We also take into consideration skills acquired and transferred throughout migration trajectories. With this typology based on the unique dataset of returning migrants, we supplement existing, primarily qualitative, research on returning migrants' careers with the sequence analysis based on quantitative data." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Silva, Adriana Cardozo & Sabine Zinn (2024): Geflüchtete senden seltener Geld ins Ausland als andere Migrant*innen. In: DIW-Wochenbericht, Jg. 91, H. 49, S. 771-779. DOI:10.18723/diw_wb:2024-49-1

Abstract

"Über Geldüberweisungen von Geflüchteten in ihre Heimat wurde in den vergangenen Jahren in Deutschland politisch scharf debattiert, was zur Einführung einer Bezahlkarte für Asylbewerber*innen führte. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, wie sich der Anteil der in Deutschland lebenden Personen, die Geld ins Ausland überweisen, im Laufe der Zeit je nach Migrationshintergrund – mit oder ohne Fluchthintergrund – verändert hat und welche Faktoren die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Geldsendungen beeinflussen. Basierend auf den Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) sowie den IAB-SOEP-Migrationsstichproben und der IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung Geflüchteter von 2013 bis 2022 zeigt die Untersuchung, dass Migrant*innen ohne Fluchthintergrund häufiger Geldtransfers tätigen, während Geflüchtete aufgrund struktureller Barrieren seltener dazu in der Lage sind. Die politische Debatte spiegelt also nicht die Realität wider. Über die Wahrscheinlichkeit, Geldüberweisungen ins Ausland zu tätigen, entscheiden insbesondere die Familiensituation und die Absicht, längerfristig in Deutschland zu bleiben. Die Ergebnisse sollten auch insofern zu einer Neubewertung beitragen, als diese Geldüberweisungen ein wichtiges Instrument zur Erreichung der nachhaltigen Entwicklungsziele darstellen und die Wirtschaft in den Herkunftsländern stabilisieren und Armut reduzieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)