Migration und Integration
Bei dem Thema Einwanderung nach Deutschland gilt es auch die Bedingungen einer gelingenden Integration von Zugewanderten in Gesellschaft, Bildung und Arbeit zu untersuchen. Die Arbeitsmarktforschung beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie die Integration in das Bildungs- und Ausbildungssystem, der Zugang zum Arbeitsmarkt sowie die Bedingungen der sozialen Teilhabe und kulturellen Integration verbessert werden können.
Aktuelle Studien zeigen zudem, dass Deutschland angesichts seiner demographischen Herausforderungen dringend auf Zuwanderung angewiesen ist. Inwiefern kann Zuwanderung der Schrumpfung und Alterung des Erwerbspersonenpotenzials entgegenwirken? Welche Entwicklungen in der nationalen und europäischen Einwanderungspolitik begünstigen die Einwanderung von Erwerbspersonen und Fachkräften? Die hier zusammengestellte Literatur bietet einen aktuellen und umfassenden Überblick über den Themenkomplex Migration und Integration.
Literatur zum Thema Flucht und Asyl finden Sie in unserer IAB-Infoplattform Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten - Bildung und Arbeitsmarkt.
Zurück zur Übersicht- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Einwanderungspolitik
- Auswirkungen von Migration
- Wanderungsmotivation und Rückwanderung
- Arbeitslosigkeit und Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Qualifikation, Bildung und Beschäftigung
- Integration und soziale Teilhabe
- internationale Aspekte
- Personengruppen
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Literaturhinweis
The distinct nature of U.S. based female immigrant entrepreneurs (2024)
Gomez, Claudia; Engelhardt, Lucas M.; Perera, B. Yasanthi;Zitatform
Gomez, Claudia, B. Yasanthi Perera & Lucas M. Engelhardt (2024): The distinct nature of U.S. based female immigrant entrepreneurs. In: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, Jg. 36, H. 3-4, S. 312-340. DOI:10.1080/08985626.2023.2264803
Abstract
"Despite contributing to host country economies, there is limited examination of self-employed female immigrants in the literature. While human, social, and financial capital are important for entrepreneurship in general, given immigrant women's intersectional identities, the potential exists for these factors to affect them differently. This study uses US data obtained from Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) to empirically test the relationship of human, social, and financial capital on female immigrants self-employment and compares these relationships with US-born women and male immigrants. While the results are mixed, overall, the findings suggest that female immigrants odds of being self-employed, in relation to their levels of human, social, and financial capital, are influenced to a greater extent by their immigrant identity than their gender identity. Implications for future research and public policy are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Relaunching labour-market integration for migrants: What can we learn from successful local experiences? (2023)
Zitatform
Coletti, Paola & Nicola Pasini (2023): Relaunching labour-market integration for migrants: What can we learn from successful local experiences? In: Journal of International Migration and Integration, Jg. 24, H. 1, S. 67-90. DOI:10.1007/s12134-022-00933-6
Abstract
"Labour policy can be considered the most crucial means with which to promote the effective integration of migrants. In this policy field, best practices circulate widely among policymakers, above all at the local level, to devise solutions to facilitate the integration of migrants. However, best practices tend to fail when they are transferred to other countries. In the light of the policy analysis literature on the transfer of best practices, the paper discusses three cases of local practices. It describes the network of actors, and it focuses on the reasons for the success of labour-integration policies for migrants during the implementation phase at the local level. The paper tests the following dimensions: the centrality of the users/migrants; the complexity and density of the networks of actors; and the mechanisms triggered. The hypothesis is that the activation of social mechanisms within an actors’ network can achieve a higher level of migrant integration in countries affected by strong migratory flows, and direct more attention to the needs of end-users and their relationship with stakeholders at the local level. The paper analyses the case studies in order to detect the mechanisms that may positively affect implementation of labour policy. Moreover, it is important to determine whether local actors can play a positive role in increasing the effectiveness of migrants’ integration into the labour market. An empirical analysis of the three cases is needed to identify the main success factors and to highlight the main findings of the empirical research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Immigration Policy and the Rise of Self-Employment among Mexican Immigrants (2022)
Zitatform
Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina, Magnus Lofstrom & Chunbei Wang (2022): Immigration Policy and the Rise of Self-Employment among Mexican Immigrants. In: ILR review, Jg. 75, H. 5, S. 1189-1214. DOI:10.1177/00197939211057765
Abstract
"The recent dramatic growth in self-employment among Mexican immigrants in the United States in the past two decades is a puzzling trend, in stark contrast to the stagnant growth or even decline among other demographic groups. The authors propose that the expansion of interior immigration enforcement, a characteristic of the US immigration policy during that time span, contributed to this unique trend by pushing Mexican immigrants into self-employment as an alternative livelihood. Exploiting temporal and geographic variation in immigration enforcement measures from 2005 to 2017, the authors show that tougher enforcement has been responsible for approximately 15% of the rise in Mexican self-employment in the United States." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Immigration and Entrepreneurship in the United States (2022)
Azoulay, Pierre; Jones, Benjamin; Kim, J. Daniel; Miranda, Javier;Zitatform
Azoulay, Pierre, Benjamin Jones, J. Daniel Kim & Javier Miranda (2022): Immigration and Entrepreneurship in the United States. In: The American economic review. Insights, Jg. 4, H. 1, S. 71-88. DOI:10.1257/aeri.20200588
Abstract
"Immigrants can expand labor supply and compete for jobs with native-born workers. But immigrants may also start new firms, expanding labor demand. This paper uses US administrative data and other data sources to study the role of immigrants in entrepreneurship. We ask how often immigrants start companies, how many jobs these firms create, and how firms founded by native-born individuals compare. A simple model provides a measurement framework for addressing the dual roles of immigrants as founders and workers. The findings suggest that immigrants act more as "job creators" than "job takers" and play outsized roles in US high-growth entrepreneurship." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
"Doing market" - unternehmerische Praxis und der Diskurs um »ethnische Ökonomie« im Markt für muslimische Mode in Berlin (2022)
Birnbauer, Robert;Zitatform
Birnbauer, Robert (2022): "Doing market" - unternehmerische Praxis und der Diskurs um »ethnische Ökonomie« im Markt für muslimische Mode in Berlin. (Kultur und soziale Praxis), Bielefeld: Transcript GbR, 330 S. DOI:10.14361/9783839460818
Abstract
"Unter dem Schlagwort »ethnische Ökonomie« wird die berufliche Selbstständigkeit von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund in Politik und Wissenschaft diskutiert. Indem die Selbstständigen ihren »Markt machen«, positionieren sie sich mit dem und gegen diesen Diskurs. Robert Birnbauer zeigt aus einer wirtschaftsanthropologischen Perspektive, wie die Unternehmer*innen dabei ihre gesellschaftlichen Positionen und etablierte ökonomische Wissensbestände gleichermaßen verhandeln. Dazu folgt er dem Diskurs um »ethnische Ökonomie« von der politischen in die unternehmerische Praxis und zeigt: Geschäfte im Markt für muslimische Mode werden zum Resultat gesellschaftlicher Diskurse und der Markt zum Effekt beschreibbarer unternehmerischer Praxis – weit jenseits einer »unsichtbaren Hand«." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Migrantisches Unternehmer:innentum in Deutschland: Vorschlag einer Differenzierung (2022)
David, Alexandra; Stoewe, Kristina; García Schmidt, Armando; Terstriep, Judith; Elo, Maria; Ruthemeier, Alexander;Zitatform
David, Alexandra, Judith Terstriep, Kristina Stoewe, Alexander Ruthemeier, Maria Elo & Armando García Schmidt (2022): Migrantisches Unternehmer:innentum in Deutschland. Vorschlag einer Differenzierung. Gütersloh, 37 S. DOI:10.11586/2022002
Abstract
"Wie steht es eigentlich in Deutschland um die Wahrnehmung des Phänomens „migrantischen“ Unternehmer:innentums? Was kann Wissenschaft beitragen zu einer differenzierten Wahrnehmung des wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Beitrags Migrant:innen? Wo kann Politik ansetzen, um Potenziale zielgenau zu heben? Die Autor:innen schildern den aktuellen Forschungsstand zur Selbständigkeit von Menschen mit Zuwanderungsgeschichte und schlagen vor diesem Hintergrund ein differenziertes und aktualisiertes Bild des Phänomens vor. In zukünftiger Forschung aber auch bei zielgerichteten Unterstützungsmaßnahmen schlagen die Autor:innen vor, klarer zu differenzieren zwischen persönlichen Merkmalen des bzw. der Unternehmer:in und den Charakteristika des Unternehmens. Beim Blick auf die Person sind dann etwa Fragen des Zuwanderungsmotivs oder der Zughörigkeit zur ersten oder zweiten Generation relevant. Beim Blick auf das Unternehmen sollten Merkmale wie die Branchenzugehörigkeit aber auch die transnationale Ausrichtung des Geschäftsmodells Beachtung finden. Der Politik empfehlen die Autor:innen, migrantischen Unternehmer:innen in Deutschland endlich den Stellenwert in der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung zu geben, den sie aufgrund ihres heute schon immensen Beitrags haben sollten. Darüber hinaus sollten Gründungsförderung und Beratungsinstrumente zielgruppenspezifischer zugeschnitten werden. Besonderes Potenzial sehen die Autor:innen in internationalen Studierenden an deutschen Hochschulen. Sie in Deutschland zu halten und ihnen den Weg zu erfolgreichem Unternehmer:innentum zu öffnen, sei alle Mühe wert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Siehe auch Migrant Founders Monitor -
Literaturhinweis
Self-employment convergence in Europe: The role of migration (2021)
Zitatform
Cuadros, Ana, Juan Carlos Cuestas & Joan A. Martín-Montaner (2021): Self-employment convergence in Europe. The role of migration. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 16, H. 4, S. 1-14. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0250182
Abstract
"This paper attempts to identify patterns of convergence in the rates of self-employment (SE) for both foreign-born and natives in a sample of 17 European countries during the period 1999–2018. A distinction is made between self-employed with and without workers. Our analysis is relevant for policy-making: whether or not there is evidence of convergence in SE rates can be an indication of the homogeneity of self-employed workers among the countries analysed, which in turn may reflect the success of the EU-wide policies to boost SE." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Entrepreneurial Opportunities of Refugees in Germany, France, and Ireland: Multiple Embeddedness Framework (2021)
Zitatform
Harima, Aki, Fabrice Periac, Tony Murphy & Salomé Picard (2021): Entrepreneurial Opportunities of Refugees in Germany, France, and Ireland: Multiple Embeddedness Framework. In: International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Jg. 17, H. 2, S. 625-663. DOI:10.1007/s11365-020-00707-5
Abstract
"Recently, the entrepreneurial potential of refugees has received growing attention from scholars and policymakers. However, the literature on refugee entrepreneurship suffers from the fragmentation of previous research findings, which has been mainly attributed to the fact that refugees have heterogeneous backgrounds. Tackling this challenge, this study conceptualized the framework for the multiple embeddedness of refugee entrepreneurs by applying and extending the concept of mixed embeddedness. Based on 50 semi-structured interviews with refugee entrepreneurs who relocated to Germany, France, and Ireland, we identified six patterns in which refugees' multiple embeddedness and their actions as entrepreneurial agencies interacted to develop entrepreneurial opportunities: (i) value creation with homeland resources, (ii) acting as transnational middleman minorities, (iii) integration facilitation, (iv) qualification transfers, (v) homeland-problem solving, and (vi) creative innovation. This study contributes to the literature on refugee entrepreneurship by considering multiple contexts in which refugees can be embedded in and by elaborating on the interactions between opportunity structure emerging within the multiple embeddedness, actions, and capabilities of refugees as entrepreneurial agencies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Innovative Gründer:innen mit Migrationserfahrung in Deutschland (2021)
Schäfer, Susann;Zitatform
Schäfer, Susann (2021): Innovative Gründer:innen mit Migrationserfahrung in Deutschland. Gütersloh, 31 S. DOI:10.11586/2021005
Abstract
"Innovative Gründungen sind eine wichtige Säule einer dynamischen Wirtschaft. Besonders Gründer:innen mit Migrationserfahrung bringen viele Qualitäten mit, um innovative Unternehmen aufzubauen. Dieses Potenzial kommt in Deutschland allerdings nur unzureichend zur Entfaltung, auch im internationalen Vergleich. Auf Basis statistischer Erhebungen und Interviews mit Gründer:innen und Gründungsberater:innen zeigt die Studie konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen zur Förderung von Gründer:innen mit Migrationserfahrung auf." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
From Refugee to Entrepreneur?: Challenges to Refugee Self-reliance in Berlin, Germany (2020)
Embiricos, Alexandra;Zitatform
Embiricos, Alexandra (2020): From Refugee to Entrepreneur? Challenges to Refugee Self-reliance in Berlin, Germany. In: Journal of Refugee Studies, Jg. 33, H. 1, S. 245-267. DOI:10.1093/jrs/fez073
Abstract
"The years following the so-called 'refugee crisis' of 2015 saw unprecedented efforts to promote the social and economic inclusion of refugees and asylum seekers. Entrepreneurship has been praised as a promising route to refugee self-reliance, but its viability remains contested and under-researched in developed economies such as Germany. Limited literature on the topic suggests entrepreneurship is a useful route to self-sufficiency, although refugees face more barriers than other immigrant entrepreneurs, such as language barriers and bureaucratic processes. This article uses semi-structured interviews with refugee entrepreneurs, civil society, social enterprises and the public sector to identify the main challenges for refugee entrepreneurs and to examine whether entrepreneurship is effective for achieving self-reliance in one of the most important centres for creating innovative projects supporting refugee inclusion and entrepreneurship, namely Berlin. Though it is too early to demonstrate whether entrepreneurship has long-term economic gains, this research shows that entrepreneurship is not a 'fast track' to economic self-reliance, but has several benefits for social inclusion. It also demonstrates the importance of holistic support systems for refugee entrepreneurs and the difficulty of refugee entrepreneurial success even in the most developed economies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Migrantenunternehmen in Deutschland zwischen 2005 und 2018: Ausmaß, ökonomische Bedeutung, Einflussfaktoren und Förderung auf Ebene der Bundesländer (2020)
Sachs, Andreas;Zitatform
Sachs, Andreas (2020): Migrantenunternehmen in Deutschland zwischen 2005 und 2018. Ausmaß, ökonomische Bedeutung, Einflussfaktoren und Förderung auf Ebene der Bundesländer. (Produktivität für Inklusives Wachstum für Deutschland 09), Gütersloh, 62 S.
Abstract
"Ob als Gründerin oder Gründer eines Startups, als Inhaber oder Inhaberin eines mittelständischen Betriebes oder als Selbstständige oder Selbstständiger in einem freien Beruf – Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund leisten in zunehmendem Maß Beiträge zu einem vielfältigen und leistungsstarken Mittelstand und zu einem gesunden Arbeitsmarkt in Deutschland. Mehr als zwei Millionen Personen waren 2018 in Deutschland dank der unternehmerischen Tätigkeit von Menschen mit Zuwanderungsgeschichte in Arbeit. Investitionen in Bildung und bedarfsgerechte Förder- und Beratungsstrukturen in den Bundesländern können den Leistungsbeitrag der Selbstständigen mit Zuwanderungsgeschichte für Wirtschaft und Integration vergrößern. Dies zeigt die Studie „Migrantenunternehmen in Deutschland zwischen 2005 und 2018. Ausmaß, ökonomische Bedeutung und Einflussfaktoren auf Ebene der Bundesländer“. Basierend auf Daten des Mikrozensus bietet die Studie eine Analyse des Ausmaßes und der ökonomischen Bedeutung des Unternehmertums von Personen mit Migrationshintergrund in Deutschland und in den Bundesländern. Dabei werden neben dem Beschäftigungseffekt auch die Branchenzusammensetzung die Einkommensentwicklung in den Blick genommen. Abschließend wird untersucht, welche wirtschaftlichen und soziodemographischen Einflussfaktoren auf das Ausmaß, die ökonomische Bedeutung und das Einkommensniveau der Selbstständigkeit von Personen mit Migrationshintergrund in den Bundesländern wirken. Neben anderen Faktoren scheint vor allem die Bildungspolitik der Länder gefragt: Eine Verbesserung des Qualifikationsniveaus der Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund könnte nicht nur zu mehr Unternehmertum in dieser Bevölkerungsgruppe beitragen, sondern würde auch helfen, den wirtschaftlichen Beitrag und den wirtschaftlichen Erfolg der Unternehmer und Unternehmerinnen mit Migrationshintergrund substanziell zu steigern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Immigrants and entrepreneurship: Business ownership is higher among immigrants, but promoting self-employment is unlikely to improve outcomes for the less skilled (2019)
Zitatform
Lofstrom, Magnus & Chunbei Wang (2019): Immigrants and entrepreneurship: Business ownership is higher among immigrants, but promoting self-employment is unlikely to improve outcomes for the less skilled. (IZA world of labor 85), Bonn, 11 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.85.v2
Abstract
"Gemessen an der Zahl der Geschäftsinhaber sind Zuwanderer überdurchschnittlich oft unternehmerisch aktiv. In der wissenschaftlichen Forschung werden die Auswirkungen auf das Gastland durchweg positiv bewertet, während es zu möglichen Nachteilen kaum ernstzunehmende Erkenntnisse gibt. Allerdings hat die Förderung der Selbstständigkeit nicht verbreitet zur Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Lage von Migranten mit geringem Qualifikationsniveau beigetragen. Solange spezielle Visa-Programme den wirtschaftlichen Nutzen von Zuwanderung nicht nachweislich in besonderem Maße steigern, sollten Bildungs- und Ausbildungsabschlüsse als Hauptkriterien für die Auswahl von Zuwanderern herangezogen werden, da sich an ihnen die Erfolgsaussichten der Migranten am besten ablesen lassen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Hier finden Sie die deutsche Kurzfassung. -
Literaturhinweis
Weiterbildung in migrantengeführten Betrieben (2018)
Berwing, Stefan;Zitatform
Berwing, Stefan (2018): Weiterbildung in migrantengeführten Betrieben. In: Berufsbildung in Wissenschaft und Praxis, Jg. 47, H. 1, S. 35-38.
Abstract
"Der Beitrag stellt den Stand der Forschung und Erkenntnisse zu Weiterbildung in Migrantenunternehmen auf Grundlage einer Unternehmensbefragung aus dem Jahr 2013 vor. Anhand von Betriebsgrößenklassen, Wirtschaftszweigen und der Bildung der Inhaber/-innen werden die Unterschiede in der Weiterbildungsteilhabe zwischen Migranten- und Nicht-Migrantenbetrieben dargestellt. Auf Basis der Ergebnisse ist zu vermuten, dass neben betriebsstrukturellen Einflüssen auch weitere migrationsbedingte Einflüsse als Ursachen für die niedrigere Weiterbildungsteilhabe in Migrantenbetrieben in Betracht gezogen werden müssen. Hierzu werden mögliche Ansätze für weitere Untersuchungen vorgeschlagen." (Autorenreferat)
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Literaturhinweis
Trapped in small business? An investigation of three generations of migrants from Turkey to Western Europe (2018)
Eroglu, Sebnem;Zitatform
Eroglu, Sebnem (2018): Trapped in small business? An investigation of three generations of migrants from Turkey to Western Europe. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 44, H. 7, S. 1214-1232. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2017.1323629
Abstract
"This article examines the self-employment behaviour of three generations of migrants from Turkey living in Europe to understand its implications for their economic adaptation into the receiving societies. It specifically investigates the likely generational differences in their propensity to engage in small businesses and the extent to which they are transmitted across generations. The research is based on the 2000 Families Survey, which draws parallel samples of migrant and non-migrant families from their origins in Turkey and traces them across Turkey and Europe over multiple generations. The data are drawn from a subset of personal interviews with 1743 economically active settlers nested within 836 families. The results challenge the assimilation theory but lend support to the disadvantage thesis by demonstrating that the younger generations, including the better educated, are significantly engaged in small, low-status businesses of their parents regardless of their language proficiency, citizenship status and country of residence." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Vocational behavior of refugees: How do refugees seek employment, overcome work-related challenges, and navigate their careers? (2018)
Zitatform
(2018): Vocational behavior of refugees: How do refugees seek employment, overcome work-related challenges, and navigate their careers? In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 105, H. April, S. 1-184. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2018.01.007
Abstract
Content:
Alexander Newman, Jenny Bimrose, Ingrid Nielsen, Hannes Zacher: Vocational Behavior of Refugees: How do Refugees Seek Employment, Overcome Work-related Challenges, and Navigate Their Careers? (1-5);
Emily D. Campion: The career adaptive refugee: Exploring the structural and personal barriers to refugee resettlement (6-16);
Peyman Abkhezr, Mary McMahon, Kevin Glasheen, Marilyn Campbell: Finding voice through narrative storytelling: An exploration of the career development of young African females with refugee backgrounds (17-30);
Petra M. Eggenhofer-Rehart, Markus Latzke, Katharina Pernkopf, Dominik Zellhofer, Wolfgang Mayrhofer, Johannes Steyrer: Refugees' career capital welcome? Afghan and Syrian refugee job seekers in Austria (31-45);
Dina Gericke, Anne Burmeister, Jil Löwe, Jürgen Deller, Leena Pundt: How do refugees use their social capital for successful labor market integration? An exploratory analysis in Germany (46-61);
Lena Knappert, Angela Kornau, Meltem Figengül: Refugees' exclusion at work and the intersection with gender: Insights from the Turkish-Syrian border (62-82);
Katja Wehrle, Ute-Christine Klehe, Mari Kira, Jelena Zikic: Can I come as I am? Refugees' vocational identity threats, coping, and growth (83-101);
Benjamin E. Baran, Sorin Valcea, Tracy H. Porter, Vickie Coleman Gallagher: Survival, expectations, and employment: An inquiry of refugees and immigrants to the United States (102-115);
Lisa E. Baranik, Carrie S. Hurst, Lillian T. Eby: The stigma of being a refugee: A mixed-method study of refugees' experiences of vocational stress (116-130);
Artjoms Ivlevs, Michail Veliziotis: Beyond conflict: Long-term labour market integration of internally displaced persons in post-socialist countries (131-146);
Alexander Newman, Ingrid Nielsen, Russell Smyth, Giles Hirst, Susan Kennedy: The effects of diversity climate on the work attitudes of refugee employees: The mediating role of psychological capital and moderating role of ethnic identity (147-158);
Sofija Pajic, Magdalena Ulceluse, Gábor Kismihók, Stefan T. Mol, Deanne N. den Hartog: Antecedents of job search self-efficacy of Syrian refugees in Greece and the Netherlands (159-172);
Martin Obschonka, Elisabeth Hahn, Nida ul Habib Bajwa: Personal agency in newly arrived refugees: The role of personality, entrepreneurial cognitions and intentions, and career adaptability (173-184). -
Literaturhinweis
Immigrant entrepreneurship in America: evidence from the survey of business owners 2007 & 2012 (2018)
Pekkala, Sari; Kerr, William R.;Zitatform
Pekkala, Sari & William R. Kerr (2018): Immigrant entrepreneurship in America: evidence from the survey of business owners 2007 & 2012. (NBER working paper 24494), Cambrige, Mass., 40 S. DOI:10.3386/w24494
Abstract
"We study immigrant entrepreneurship and firm ownership in 2007 and 2012 using the Survey of Business Owners (SBO). The survival and growth of immigrant-owned businesses over time relative to native-founded companies is evaluated by linking the 2007 SBO to the Longitudinal Business Database (LBD). We quantify the dependency of the United States as a whole, as well as individual states, on the contributions of immigrant entrepreneurs in terms of firm formation and job creation. We describe differences in the types of businesses started by immigrants and the quality of jobs created by their firms. First-generation immigrants create about 25% of new firms in the United States, but this share exceeds 40% in some states. In addition, Asian and Hispanic second-generation immigrants start about 6% of new firms. Immigrant-owned firms, on average, create fewer jobs than native-owned firms, but much of this is explained by the industry and geographic location of the firms. Immigrant-owned firms pay comparable wages, conditional on firm traits, to native-owned firms, but are less likely to offer benefits." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Self-employment as a vehicle for labour market integration of immigrants and natives: the role of employment protection legislation (2018)
Zitatform
Ulceluse, Magdalena & Martin Kahance (2018): Self-employment as a vehicle for labour market integration of immigrants and natives. The role of employment protection legislation. In: International journal of manpower, Jg. 39, H. 8, S. 1064-1079. DOI:10.1108/IJM-10-2018-0332
Abstract
"The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of employment protection legislation (EPL) on self-employment in a comparative analysis between immigrants and natives. Specifically, it investigates whether, as a result of more stringent regulations, self-employment becomes a vehicle for better labour market integration for immigrants and natives, and for better matching between the supply and demand of labour and skills." (Author's abstract, © Emerald Group) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Negotiating class, femininity and career: Latin American migrant women entrepreneurs in Spain (2018)
Zitatform
Villares-Varela, María (2018): Negotiating class, femininity and career: Latin American migrant women entrepreneurs in Spain. In: International migration, Jg. 56, H. 4, S. 109-124. DOI:10.1111/imig.12361
Abstract
"This article analyses how the gendered and classed positions of migrant women explain the meanings of becoming an entrepreneur and the role of their spouses in their occupational trajectories. Using a translocational positionality approach, the article challenges the claim that women escape patriarchal domination by establishing their own businesses. The narratives of 35 Latin American women entrepreneurs in Spain reveal that becoming an entrepreneur is conditioned by class-based ideas of masculinity and femininity. I argue that middle-class Latin American immigrant women become entrepreneurs to promote their spouse's career advancement while conforming to class-based norms of femininity. In contrast, lower class Latin American women view the business as a space of autonomy and occupational upward mobility that nevertheless also complies with working-class definitions of femininity. The policy implications of these findings relate to making class aspirations central to the support of labour market integration and empowerment of migrant women." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Welcoming talent? A comparative study of immigrant entrepreneurs' entry policies in France, Germany and the Netherlands (2018)
Zitatform
de Lange, Tesseltje (2018): Welcoming talent? A comparative study of immigrant entrepreneurs' entry policies in France, Germany and the Netherlands. In: Comparative Migration Studies, Jg. 6, S. 1-18. DOI:10.1186/s40878-018-0092-4
Abstract
"This article explores the admission policies for self-employed non-EU immigrants wanting to start or move their business to the European Union (EU). Selecting immigrant entrepreneurs is a specific and understudied policy strand in the battle for talent. No common EU policy is available (yet) and although national policies do show some similarity, they differ in respect of how and who decides if an entrepreneur serves a national economic interest. By presenting a first-time model for defining the level of welcoming, this study adds an instrument to the toolbox of both scholars and policy makers for evaluating immigration policies. Whether a policy is welcoming depends on material criteria, such as entry conditions giving the entrepreneur a fair chance and on the formal criteria of the applicable procedures and the actors involved in the decision-making process. The body of the article constitutes of a legal comparison between French, German and Dutch entry policies for non-EU entrepreneurs. The article concludes that a future EU policy on welcoming immigrant entrepreneurs must set standards for a large variety of entrepreneurs, allow for the economic interest to be broadly defined and have, at the least, transparent and practical procedures." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Self-employed migrants from EU Member States in Poland: differentiated professional trajectories and explanations of entrepreneurial success (2017)
Andrejuk, Katarzyna;Zitatform
Andrejuk, Katarzyna (2017): Self-employed migrants from EU Member States in Poland. Differentiated professional trajectories and explanations of entrepreneurial success. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 43, H. 4, S. 560-577. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2016.1249050
Abstract
"This article discusses the diversified self-employment trajectories of intra-EU migrant entrepreneurs in Poland in the context of the culture hierarchies persistent in Europe. The business ventures are established by intra-EU labour migrants, graduates of Polish universities, but also lifestyle migrants and individuals who migrate to Poland because of a partner or family residing here. Nationals of the post-2004 Member States are more inclined to register their own business entities than are nationals of the EU-15 countries: they are also more susceptible to the risk of failure (closing or suspending an enterprise). Qualitative research reveals that the career trajectories of EU-15 nationals are not necessarily dependent upon integration efforts. Immigrant entrepreneurs from countries like the UK or Spain may attract customer attention by profiting from their cultural background, but many of them exhibit a tendency to live in language and cultural enclaves. Migrant entrepreneurs from the EU-12 typically become successful in their business activities when they are well integrated with the host society - especially if they have a good knowledge of Polish." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Einwanderungspolitik
- Auswirkungen von Migration
- Wanderungsmotivation und Rückwanderung
- Arbeitslosigkeit und Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Qualifikation, Bildung und Beschäftigung
- Integration und soziale Teilhabe
- internationale Aspekte
- Personengruppen