Migration und Integration
Bei dem Thema Einwanderung nach Deutschland gilt es auch die Bedingungen einer gelingenden Integration von Zugewanderten in Gesellschaft, Bildung und Arbeit zu untersuchen. Die Arbeitsmarktforschung beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie die Integration in das Bildungs- und Ausbildungssystem, der Zugang zum Arbeitsmarkt sowie die Bedingungen der sozialen Teilhabe und kulturellen Integration verbessert werden können.
Aktuelle Studien zeigen zudem, dass Deutschland angesichts seiner demographischen Herausforderungen dringend auf Zuwanderung angewiesen ist. Inwiefern kann Zuwanderung der Schrumpfung und Alterung des Erwerbspersonenpotenzials entgegenwirken? Welche Entwicklungen in der nationalen und europäischen Einwanderungspolitik begünstigen die Einwanderung von Erwerbspersonen und Fachkräften? Die hier zusammengestellte Literatur bietet einen aktuellen und umfassenden Überblick über den Themenkomplex Migration und Integration.
Literatur zum Thema Flucht und Asyl finden Sie in unserer IAB-Infoplattform Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten - Bildung und Arbeitsmarkt.
Zurück zur Übersicht- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Einwanderungspolitik
- Auswirkungen von Migration
- Wanderungsmotivation und Rückwanderung
- Arbeitslosigkeit und Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Qualifikation, Bildung und Beschäftigung
- Integration und soziale Teilhabe
- internationale Aspekte
- Personengruppen
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Literaturhinweis
Transnational Perspectives on Migration and Integration – TRANSMIT Surveys of Syrian Nationals and Their Neighbors in Lebanon and Turkey (2019–2023) (2026)
Gundacker, Lidwina ; Hertner, Laura ; Rischke, Ramona ; Ruhnke, Simon ; Kühnert, Nora ; Talebi, Nader ; Trocka, Caroline ; Brücker, Herbert ;Zitatform
Gundacker, Lidwina, Laura Hertner, Nora Kühnert, Ramona Rischke, Simon Ruhnke, Nader Talebi, Caroline Trocka & Herbert Brücker (2026): Transnational Perspectives on Migration and Integration – TRANSMIT Surveys of Syrian Nationals and Their Neighbors in Lebanon and Turkey (2019–2023). In: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, Jg. 246, H. 1-2, S. 181-192., 2024-12-18. DOI:10.1515/jbnst-2024-0091
Abstract
"Migration scholars commonly study international migration and socio-economic integration separately, typically focusing on a single receiving country in the Global North. The TRANSMIT project adopts a transnational perspective, studying key migration routes to Europe via large-scale surveys among Syrians and their host communities in two major countries of mixed-migration contexts, namely Lebanon and Turkey. Both countries, in addition to their own history of emigration, host large refugee populations. The surveys cover both migration biographies and aspects of the socioeconomic participation of Syrian nationals. Surveying the host populations in equal terms allows researchers to examine local contexts and group differences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter Brill) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Migrants, Refugees and Employer Discrimination (2026)
Zitatform
Guo, Liwen & Massimiliano Tani (2026): Migrants, Refugees and Employer Discrimination. In: BJIR, Jg. 64, H. 1, S. 101-113. DOI:10.1111/bjir.70016
Abstract
"We investigate the labour market integration of humanitarian and non-humanitarian migrants in Australia using longitudinal data from the Building a New Life in Australia (BNLA) and the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) surveys. In particular, we analyse the employment probabilities and income levels of immigrants and humanitarian immigrants who arrived at a similar time through the Kitagawa–Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition. Disparities in employment outcomes can be traced back to differences in human capital, particularly education and English proficiency. However, the analysis reveals that the main factor underpinning differences in labour market outcomes is the discrimination experienced by humanitarian migrants, which persists over the 5-year window covered by the data. The results support the conclusion that the forces of labour demand and supply are unlikely to remove the discrimination disadvantaging humanitarian migrants without targeted interventions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Individualism and the Formation of Human Capital (2026)
Zitatform
Hartinger, Katharina, Sven Resnjanskij, Jens Ruhose & Simon Wiederhold (2026): Individualism and the Formation of Human Capital. In: Journal of the European Economic Association, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 997-1053. DOI:10.1093/jeea/jvaf066
Abstract
"More individualistic countries experience higher economic growth. We provide evidence for a human-capital-based explanation of the growth effects of individualism. Using data from the largest international adult skill assessment, we establish that individualism shapes human capital formation. We identify the effects of individualism by exploiting variation between migrants at the origin- country, origin-language, and person level. Migrants from more individualistic cultures have higher cognitive skills and larger skill gains over time. They also invest more in their skills over the life cycle, as they acquire more years of schooling and are more likely to participate in adult education activities. Individualism is more important in explaining adult skill formation than any other cultural trait that previous literature has emphasized. In the labor market, more individualistic migrants earn higher wages and are less often unemployed. We show that our results cannot be explained by selective migration or omitted origin-country variables." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How Do Immigration Policies Affect Voter Support for Low-Skilled Immigrants? Evidence from a Survey Experiment (2026)
Zitatform
Hopkins, Vincent, Andrea Lawlor & Mireille Paquet (2026): How Do Immigration Policies Affect Voter Support for Low-Skilled Immigrants? Evidence from a Survey Experiment. In: International migration review, Jg. 60, H. 1, S. 469-494. DOI:10.1177/01979183241296032
Abstract
"Countries depend on both high- and low-skilled immigration to meet economic needs. But most voters prefer high-skilled immigrants, despite the fact that multiple economic sectors structurally depend on low-skilled immigrants. In this paper, we examine voter preferences toward low-skilled immigrants as one barrier to effective immigration policy, even in political regimes where immigration is the consequence of highly coordinated or “planned” policies. Specifically, we consider whether government communication around the benefits of low-skilled immigration can increase favorability of such policies. We are particularly interested in the ways in which government communicates immigration messages and whether the scope or concentration of the proposed benefits will move individual preferences. In an online survey experiment, we present Canadians ( N=2,023) with a policy brief that manipulates immigrant skill level (high vs. low), economic outcomes of migration (positive vs. mixed), and the geographic scope of benefits (concentrated vs. sociotropic). Employing two measures of policy support, we find some evidence that positive framing can increase overall support for low-skill migrants. We also find that manipulating framing around high-skilled workers has little effect on support for low-skill workers, even when that framing presents countervailing evidence as to the benefit of high-skilled labor. In sum, our findings suggest that elite level communication around the benefits of low-skill labor may have the ability to disrupt longstanding antipathy for low-skilled labor, even in regimes with longstanding support for high-skilled labor." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Determinants of refugees’ generalised and institutional trust: evidence from Germany (2026)
Zitatform
Kanas, Agnieszka, Frank van Tubergen & Yuliya Kosyakova (2026): Determinants of refugees’ generalised and institutional trust: evidence from Germany. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 52, H. 1, S. 85-104., 2025-05-28. DOI:10.1080/1369183x.2025.2514800
Abstract
"This paper examines the factors shaping refugees’ institutionalized and generalized trust, focusing on three key influences: (1) pre-arrival migration effects, such as experiences of trauma; (2) asylum procedure effects, including the length and outcome of the process and perceptions of fairness; and (3) post-procedure effects, particularly the context of reception. Using data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP survey of refugees in Germany, we find that the conditions of the asylum process and the reception context are critical determinants of refugees’ trust. Specifically, while the length of the asylum process and living in shared accommodations negatively affect institutional trust, these impacts are largely mediated by other refugee-specific experiences, such as perceptions of procedural and interactional justice. Receiving a positive asylum decision directly enhances refugees ’ trust in German institutions and other people, whereas being trapped in existential limbo severely erodes trust levels. Additionally, refugees subject to residency restrictions exhibit lower institutional and generalized trust levels than those without such limitations. These findings highlight the critical role of short and fair asylum procedures and inclusive reception policies in fostering trust among refugees, with significant implications for improving integration outcomes and social cohesion." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Deutschkenntnisse und Arbeitsmarktintegration: Die Hälfte der Betriebe fordert bei Einstellungen mindestens ein B2-Sprachniveau (2026)
Zitatform
Keita, Sekou & Alexander Kubis (2026): Deutschkenntnisse und Arbeitsmarktintegration: Die Hälfte der Betriebe fordert bei Einstellungen mindestens ein B2-Sprachniveau. (IAB-Kurzbericht 07/2026), Nürnberg, 8 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2607
Abstract
"Deutschland ist in den kommenden Jahren stärker auf Zuwanderung angewiesen, um den Bedarf an Arbeits- und Fachkräften zu decken. Viele Zugewanderte bringen allerdings zu Beginn nur begrenzte Deutschkenntnisse mit. Die aktuellen Daten der IAB-Stellenerhebung zeigen, dass ein großer Teil der Betriebe bei Neueinstellungen mindestens ein B2-Sprachniveau voraussetzt. Unter bestimmten Bedingungen berücksichtigen Betriebe jedoch auch Personen mit geringeren Deutschkenntnissen – etwa, wenn sie an Sprachkursen teilnehmen oder das Anforderungsprofil der Stelle dies zulässt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
- Sprachniveaustufe B2 Selbstständige Sprachverwendung
- Zusammenhang zwischen der Bereitschaft zur Berücksichtigung von Bewerbungen von Personen mit Deutschkenntnissen unter B2-Niveau und Aktivitätshemmnissen
- Berücksichtigen Betriebe Bewerbungen von Personen mit Deutschkenntnissen unter B2-Niveau?
- Betriebliche Mindestanforderungen an erforderliche Deutschkenntnisse bei der letzten offenen Stelle
- Betriebliche Anforderungen an Deutschkenntnisse bei der letzten offenen Stelle
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Literaturhinweis
Career crafting in transition: Strategies of migrant women in vocational settings (2026)
Kersten, A.; Laukineitytė, E.; Kerti, K.a.; Scholz, F.; Nijs, S.;Zitatform
Kersten, A., E. Laukineitytė, K.a. Kerti, S. Nijs & F. Scholz (2026): Career crafting in transition: Strategies of migrant women in vocational settings. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 165. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2026.104218
Abstract
"In response to the volatile nature of contemporary labor markets, individuals are increasingly expected to self-manage their career trajectories. Although career self-management presents inherent challenges for the general working population, these difficulties may be exacerbated for vulnerable groups. To date, however, empirical research on the career crafting behaviors of vulnerable populations remains scarce. To extend career crafting research to underrepresented groups, we explored the career crafting strategies that migrant women engage in to achieve their future work selves, as well as the influence of resource availability on the adoption of these strategies. Based on migrant women's career orientation and temporal focus (present vs. future), we identified four career crafting strategies: (1) career planning, (2) career balancing, (3) career architecting and (4) career navigating. Our findings suggest that migrant women do not solely adopt one strategy throughout their entire career. Instead, we conceptualize career crafting as an agentic process wherein individuals seek optimal fit between their career crafting strategy and their (migration) context at the current stage of their career. Consequently, we do not state that one strategy is optimal compared to others – rather that the optimum can be found when achieving the right contextual fit, particularly in the context of vulnerability. Our findings underscore the importance of acknowledging the enabling and constraining circumstances that influence career crafting strategies of migrant women." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labor Policies and Immigrant Employment (2026)
Zitatform
Kiviholma, Sanni & Hannu Karhunen (2026): Labor Policies and Immigrant Employment. In: Journal of Economic Surveys, Jg. 40, H. 1, S. 321-339. DOI:10.1111/joes.70010
Abstract
"This survey describes the recent literature on integration and active labor market policies that strive to enhance the employment of immigrants. We searched several databases, and after screening, 63 studies satisfied our predetermined inclusion criteria. The first criterion is that the studies examine policies in Europe. Second, the search was limited to studies published between 2005 and 2024. Third, our primary outcome of interest is employment. Other outcome variables are income, labor market participation, and duration of unemployment. We focus on studies that offer experimental or quasi-experimental evidence on the effects of policies on the employment of immigrants. We divide the policy measures into the following five groups: integration programs, language training, benefits, childcare, and residency policies. Our main finding is that well-executed integration measures can improve the labor market attachment of immigrants, speed up the process of entering employment, and improve the quality of attained jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The role of network isolation on language proficiency of children of migrants (2026)
Zitatform
Klingeren, Fijnanda van, Jan van der Laan & Marjolijn Das (2026): The role of network isolation on language proficiency of children of migrants. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 103. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2026.101138
Abstract
"Although the school performance of children of migrants in the Netherlands continues to improve, it still lags behind compared to that of children of Dutch origin, which contributes to inequality in socio-economic outcomes. To reduce this performance gap it is of great societal importance to gain insight into the factors influencing language proficiency of children of migrants. This paper investigates to what extent the share of people from children’s own origin group in the network – network isolation – influences their Dutch language proficiency and subsequent sorting in educational secondary school tracks. To measure network isolation of children we used a whole-population network from Statistics Netherlands containing family members, household members, neighbours, classmates and colleagues. The score on the language component of the final-year primary school exam is used as an indicator of Dutch language proficiency. Results show that higher levels of network isolation, i.e., a higher share of the own origin group in the network, are associated with lower Dutch language proficiency. Furthermore, higher levels of network isolation are related to lower teacher track recommendations for secondary school, and this relationship is fully mediated by language proficiency. These findings highlight the importance of considering the broader social context —beyond language exposure in the household — when promoting social mobility of children of migrants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Überlegungen und konkrete Pläne von Migrantinnen und Migranten, Deutschland wieder zu verlassen, sind regional sehr unterschiedlich (2026)
Zitatform
Kosyakova, Yuliya, Lukas Olbrich & Simon Wagner (2026): Überlegungen und konkrete Pläne von Migrantinnen und Migranten, Deutschland wieder zu verlassen, sind regional sehr unterschiedlich. In: IAB-Forum – Grafik aktuell H. 23.01.2026, 2026-01-20. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.GA.20260123.01
Abstract
"Auswanderungsüberlegungen und konkrete Auswanderungspläne von Migrantinnen und Migranten, die in Deutschland leben, sind regional sehr unterschiedlich. Das zeigen die Ergebnisse der IAB-Online-Befragung „International Mobility Panel of Migrants in Germany“ (IMPa), die Ende 2024 und Anfang 2025 durchgeführt wurde. Bundesweit gaben rund 26 Prozent der Befragten an, in den letzten 12 Monaten darüber nachgedacht zu haben, Deutschland wieder zu verlassen. Konkrete Auswanderungspläne sind mit insgesamt 3 Prozent weniger häufig zu beobachten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
International Mobility Panel of Migrants in Germany (IMPa): Who stays, who moves on - and why immigrants leave Germany (2026)
Kosyakova, Yuliya ; Koch, Theresa; Olbrich, Lukas ; Gallegos Torres, Katia ; Reinold, Julia ; Wagner, Simon ;Zitatform
Kosyakova, Yuliya, Julia Reinold, Theresa Koch, Lukas Olbrich, Katia Gallegos Torres & Simon Wagner (2026): International Mobility Panel of Migrants in Germany (IMPa): Who stays, who moves on - and why immigrants leave Germany. (IAB-Kurzbericht 10/2026 (en)), Nürnberg, 8 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2610.en
Abstract
"Wer nach Deutschland einwandert, bleibt nicht zwangsläufig dauerhaft. Angesichts des wachsenden Fachkräftebedarfs ist es arbeitsmarktpolitisch relevant, ob Eingewanderte langfristig in Deutschland bleiben oder wieder ab wandern. In der ersten Welle des International Mobility Panel of Migrants in Germany (IMPa) gaben rund 3 Prozent der Eingewanderten an, Abwanderungspläne zu haben. Das sind hochgerechnet 312.000 Personen. Die Folgebefragung 2025 macht nun erstmals sichtbar, wer Deutschland tatsächlich verlassen hat, wohin diese Personen gezogen sind, welche Gründe dafür ausschlaggebend waren und welches Wiederzuwanderungspotenzial besteht." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Kosyakova, Yuliya ; Koch, Theresa; Olbrich, Lukas ; Gallegos Torres, Katia ; Reinold, Julia ; Wagner, Simon ;Ähnliche Treffer
auch deutschsprachig erschienen -
Literaturhinweis
International Mobility Panel of Migrants in Germany (IMPa): Wer bleibt, wer geht - und warum Eingewanderte Deutschland wieder verlassen (2026)
Kosyakova, Yuliya ; Koch, Theresa; Gallegos Torres, Katia ; Olbrich, Lukas ; Reinold, Julia ; Wagner, Simon ;Zitatform
Kosyakova, Yuliya, Julia Reinold, Theresa Koch, Lukas Olbrich, Katia Gallegos Torres & Simon Wagner (2026): International Mobility Panel of Migrants in Germany (IMPa): Wer bleibt, wer geht - und warum Eingewanderte Deutschland wieder verlassen. (IAB-Kurzbericht 10/2026), Nürnberg, 8 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2610
Abstract
"Wer nach Deutschland einwandert, bleibt nicht zwangsläufig dauerhaft. Angesichts des wachsenden Fachkräftebedarfs ist es arbeitsmarktpolitisch relevant, ob Eingewanderte langfristig in Deutschland bleiben oder wieder ab wandern. In der ersten Welle des International Mobility Panel of Migrants in Germany (IMPa) gaben rund 3 Prozent der Eingewanderten an, Abwanderungspläne zu haben. Das sind hochgerechnet 312.000 Personen. Die Folgebefragung 2025 macht nun erstmals sichtbar, wer Deutschland tatsächlich verlassen hat, wohin diese Personen gezogen sind, welche Gründe dafür ausschlaggebend waren und welches Wiederzuwanderungspotenzial besteht." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Kosyakova, Yuliya ; Koch, Theresa; Gallegos Torres, Katia ; Olbrich, Lukas ; Reinold, Julia ; Wagner, Simon ;Ähnliche Treffer
auch in Englisch erschienen -
Literaturhinweis
Aktionsräume älterer Frauen mit „Gastarbeiterinnen“geschichte. Vernachlässigte Forschungsperspektiven und ungesehene Orte (2026)
Zitatform
Kulmus, Claudia, Karola Cafantaris, Katharina Gensch, Jamila Schultz-Edwards & Jara Schulze (2026): Aktionsräume älterer Frauen mit „Gastarbeiterinnen“geschichte. Vernachlässigte Forschungsperspektiven und ungesehene Orte. In: Zeitschrift für Weiterbildungsforschung, Jg. 49, H. 1, S. 95-115. DOI:10.1007/s40955-026-00344-5
Abstract
"Die Lebens- und Bildungserfahrungen von Frauen mit „Gastarbeiterinnen“geschichte sind bislang selten Gegenstand von Forschung gewesen, zumal aus einer erwachsenenpädagogischen Perspektive. Dies nimmt der Beitrag zum Ausgangspunkt und analysiert anhand intersektionaler Ansätze und sozialräumlicher Perspektiven, welche Aktionsräume Frauen mit „Gastarbeiterinnen“geschichte nutzen, wie sie diese mit Blick auf ihre Bildungsbiografien und gesellschaftlichen Selbstpositionierungen interpretieren. Methodisch basieren die Ergebnisse auf elf problemzentrierten Interviews, ausgewertet im Hinblick auf Alter, Migration und Geschlecht und deren Verwobenheit mit Aktionsräumen. Zwei Fallbeispiele zeigen, wie sich Relationen von Vulnerabilität und Handlungsfähigkeit, von Diskriminierung und Emanzipation in den Selbstpositionierungen verbinden. Migration, Alter und Geschlecht werden dabei als komplexe Konstellation verstanden, die sowohl Diskriminierungserfahrungen als auch empowernde Prozesse umfassen können. Die Ergebnisse betonen die Bedeutung sozialräumlicher Zugänge und intersektionaler Perspektiven für das Verständnis der gesellschaftlichen und bildungsbezogenen Teilhabe älterer Frauen mit Migrationsgeschichte. Abschließend erfolgt eine Diskussion der Möglichkeiten, diese Perspektiven für zukünftige Forschungen und Handlungsansätze zu nutzen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The Effect of Retaining High-Skilled International Graduates: Evidence from the STEM OPT Extension (2026)
Zitatform
Kwon, Seoyoung, Jongkwan Lee & Joan Monras (2026): The Effect of Retaining High-Skilled International Graduates: Evidence from the STEM OPT Extension. (CEPR discussion paper / Centre for Economic Policy Research 21224), London, 61 S.
Abstract
"High-skilled migration programs exist around the world in the hope that immigrants complement native workers, allow firms to grow, and boost innovation. We study the effect of one such program by exploiting the 2016 extension of the Optional Practical Training (OPT) program, which significantly prolonged the work authorization period for international STEM graduates. Using a synthetic difference-in-differences approach, we find that the policy successfully increased the local supply of high-skilled immigrants in exposed Commuting Zones. This local inflow stimulated firm creation and the demand for native high-skilled workers. The program might have also boosted innovation in certain sectors and startup investment, especially in Commuting Zones hosting top-ranked universities, where, overall, the effects tend to be larger." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Empowering adult migrants through digital technology: language learning, identity, and career pathways (2026)
Zitatform
Langer, Sandra & Aydin Yücesan Durgunoğlu (2026): Empowering adult migrants through digital technology: language learning, identity, and career pathways. In: Zeitschrift für Weiterbildungsforschung, Jg. 49, H. 1, S. 75-94. DOI:10.1007/s40955-026-00339-2
Abstract
"Der Beitrag untersucht, wie Praktiken des Einsatzes digitaler Technologien in der Erwachsenenbildung zu Prozessen der Stärkung und Ausgrenzung von Migrantinnen, Migranten und Geflüchteten beitragen, wenn sie aus einer intersektionalen Perspektive betrachtet werden. Auf Grundlage von zwei Fallstudien aus Deutschland und den Vereinigten Staaten wird analysiert, wie Faktoren wie Aufenthaltsstatus, Geschlecht, Alter und Bildungshintergrund die Teilhabe an digital vermitteltem Lernen prägen. In Deutschland eröffnete die Integration von Virtual-Reality-Anwendungen in Alphabetisierungs- und Sprachkursen neue Möglichkeiten zur berufsbezogenen Sprachpraxis, machte jedoch zugleich Probleme in Bezug auf Zugänglichkeit, technische Barrieren und institutionelle Diskurse sichtbar. In den Vereinigten Staaten bot ein technologiegestütztes Curriculum, das Englischunterricht mit politischer Bildung verband, wertvolle Lerngelegenheiten, während unregelmäßige Teilnahme und unterschiedliche digitale Kompetenzen die Beteiligung einzelner Gruppen einschränkten. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen sowohl das Potenzial digitaler Werkzeuge zur Stärkung von Teilhabe als auch das Risiko, bestehende Ungleichheiten zu verstärken, wenn die vielfältigen Bedürfnisse der Lernenden und institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen nicht hinreichend berücksichtigt werden. Durch die Verbindung von Perspektiven auf Intersektionalität, digitale Spaltungen und institutionelle Praktiken trägt der Beitrag zum Verständnis bei, wie Erwachsenenbildung sowohl Anerkennung ermöglichen als auch Ausschluss reproduzieren kann. Abschließend werden Implikationen für die Praxis sowie Ansätze für zukünftige Forschung diskutiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Migration motivation and ethnic identity of migrant couples: tied versus lead movers (2026)
Lousada de Freitas Monteiro, Maria Teresa;Zitatform
Lousada de Freitas Monteiro, Maria Teresa (2026): Migration motivation and ethnic identity of migrant couples: tied versus lead movers. In: Review of Economics of the Household, Jg. 24, H. 1, S. 161-197. DOI:10.1007/s11150-024-09708-7
Abstract
"This study examines how being a tied or lead mover relates to the ethnic identity of migrant spouses. Tied and lead movers differ in their migration motivations, face different constraints, and opportunities (e.g., social network through work). This is likely to be reflected in different investment strategies and adjustment patterns in the host country. To study the adjustment of tied and lead movers, I rely on the IAB-SOEP Migration Sample, which asks migrant spouses who was the main driver of the migration decision and measures several socio-economic outcomes in Germany. Using the Constant et al. (2009) framework to measure ethnic identity, the results provide descriptive evidence that tied movers in Germany are more likely to be separated and less likely to be integrated and assimilated when compared to lead or equal movers. These findings suggest that for tied movers, the benefits of investing in the host country’s culture do not outweigh the costs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Evidence for the welfare magnet hypothesis? A global examination using exponential random graph models (2026)
Müller, Tim S.;Zitatform
Müller, Tim S. (2026): Evidence for the welfare magnet hypothesis? A global examination using exponential random graph models. In: Social forces, Jg. 104, H. 3, S. 850-873. DOI:10.1093/sf/soaf048
Abstract
"The welfare magnet hypothesis states that welfare generosity in destination countries is a migration pull factor. However, supporting evidence is mixed. Previous research has focused on explanatory factors in destination countries rather than in origin countries, examined migration from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development country perspectives rather than from a global perspective, and typically ignored that migration flows are not independent, thus overestimating welfare spending effects. We used exponential random graph models to examine migration flows between 160 countries and treated welfare spending in origin and destination countries as the main explanatory variable. Our findings show that social spending attraction effects largely disappear after controlling for various explanatory variables (gross domestic product, population size, geographic distance, democracy levels, and common spoken language). The migration preferences of low- and high-income groups do not mediate social spending attraction effects. Furthermore, flows between countries with similar spending levels are greater than flows between very low- and very high-spending countries, indicating migrant status maintenance. In conclusion, we find insufficient evidence that welfare spending strongly impacts migration." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Short‐Term Visa, Long‐Term Stay? Estimating Inflows of Overstayers in the Schengen Area Using Air Passenger Records and Facebook Mobility Data (2026)
Zitatform
Recchi, Ettore, Luca Bernasconi & Alejandra Rodriguez Sanchez (2026): Short‐Term Visa, Long‐Term Stay? Estimating Inflows of Overstayers in the Schengen Area Using Air Passenger Records and Facebook Mobility Data. In: International Migration, Jg. 64, H. 1. DOI:10.1111/imig.70123
Abstract
"Overstayers—travellers entering a country with a valid visa but staying beyond the initially authorised period—are a blind spot of migration research. Past studies claim that overstaying is indeed the main gateway to irregular migration in Europe, but few estimates exist. This paper explores three new methods to estimate the inflows of overstayers. We concentrate on the Schengen area as destination, given its relevance in global migration flows, and on non-European countries as origins, since for travellers from these countries commercial flights are the most likely transportation mode to Europe. Our methods rely on aggregate information on incoming and departing passengers from all airports in the Schengen Area, and on Facebook users' mobility data. In the first method, we compute ‘net air travel flows’ as the difference between incoming and outgoingpassengers; we then deduce net regular migration (using data from Eurostat and the QuantMig project) from ‘net air travel flows’ to obtain ‘unaccounted net flows’, which we hold to equate approximately to newly incoming overstayers with short-stay visas for 2019. In the second method, building on the first estimate, we employ the logic of gravity models to project estimates for later years. In the third method, we build on the intuitions of the first method but use net migration figures from data on Facebook users' cross-border movements. Substantively, the results of the different methods converge, indicating around 450,000 new overstayers who entered the whole of the Schengen Area in 2019 with short-stay visas. Analyses for the following years obtained with the second and third method match and are in line with changes in travel policies during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 and 2021), suggesting a significant reduction in the number of overstayers for those years and an uptick for the years 2022–2023. By uncovering the size and scope of the overstaying population we shed light on a highly contested issue in the public debate and ultimately contribute to raise awareness on the constructed nature of the ‘regular’ versus ‘irregular’ framing of migration." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wenn Bürokratie zur Hürde wird: Wie Eingewanderte die administrativen Verfahren in Deutschland bewerten (2026)
Zitatform
Reinold, Julia, Laura Goßner & Jasmin Hallyburton (2026): Wenn Bürokratie zur Hürde wird: Wie Eingewanderte die administrativen Verfahren in Deutschland bewerten. In: IAB-Forum H. 02.07.2026. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20260702.01
Abstract
"Die Beantragung einer Aufenthaltserlaubnis, die Anerkennung von Ausbildungs- und Hochschulabschlüssen, der Erwerb der deutschen Staatsbürgerschaft: Eingewanderte sind hierzulande mit teils sehr langwierigen bürokratischen Prozessen konfrontiert. Aktuellen Befragungsergebnissen des IAB zufolge machen viele dabei negative Erfahrungen unterschiedlichster Art. Fast ein Drittel derjenigen, die Deutschland wieder verlassen, begründet dies auch mit diesen Erfahrungen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Who gets to return? Party politics and the selectivity of European emigrant return policies (2026)
Zitatform
Reiß, Lea Giulia (2026): Who gets to return? Party politics and the selectivity of European emigrant return policies. In: Migration Studies, Jg. 14, H. 1. DOI:10.1093/migration/mnaf061
Abstract
"Why do European governments encourage the return of some emigrants but not others? Across the EU, emigrant return policies tend to be highly selective, prioritizing specific emigrants, such as young people, skilled professionals, or entrepreneurs. Drawing on an original dataset of eighty-one national-level emigrant return policies adopted by seventeen EU member states (2004–23), alongside in-depth case studies of Ireland and Portugal, this study investigates how and why governments prioritize certain emigrants for return. The study argues that governments’ ideological outlook, core constituencies, and their strategic positioning in electoral competition play a central role in shaping the design and targeting of policies. The analysis reveals that the party family of the strongest governing party, rather than the government ’s position on the left–right spectrum, determines the primary target group of return policies. Social democrats tend to favour workers, liberals prioritize highly skilled professionals and entrepreneurs, while conservatives, Christian democrats, and far-right parties more frequently target families. The case studies further reveal that electoral incentives and timing shape policy targeting, especially in the run-up to national elections. The article contributes to research on migration governance and party politics, highlighting how migration promotion policies, such as emigrant return policies, are not neutral responses to current demographic and economic needs but serve as strategic tools in political competition." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Einwanderungspolitik
- Auswirkungen von Migration
- Wanderungsmotivation und Rückwanderung
- Arbeitslosigkeit und Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Qualifikation, Bildung und Beschäftigung
- Integration und soziale Teilhabe
- internationale Aspekte
- Personengruppen