Mindestlohn
Seit Inkrafttreten des Mindestlohngesetzes am 1. Januar 2015 gilt ein allgemeingültiger flächendeckender Mindestlohn in Deutschland. Lohnuntergrenzen gibt es in beinahe allen europäischen Staaten und den USA. Die Mindestlohn-Gesetze haben das Ziel, Lohn-Dumping, also die nicht verhältnismäßige Bezahlung von Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmern, zu verhindern.
Dieses Themendossier dokumentiert die Diskussion rund um die Einführung des flächendeckenden Mindestlohns in Deutschland und die Ergebnisse empirischer Forschung der zu flächendeckenden und branchenspezifischen Mindestlöhnen. Mit dem Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Grundsätzliches zum flächendeckenden Mindestlohn
- Auswirkungen des flächendeckenden Mindestlohns auf
- Auswirkungen des flächendeckenden Mindestlohns auf Personengruppen
- Ausnahmen vom flächendeckenden Mindestlohn u.a. für
- Ausweichreaktionen auf Mindestlöhne in Deutschland
- Bundesländer
- Branchenspezifische Mindestlöhne und deren Auswirkungen auf
- Mindestlohn in anderen Ländern
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Literaturhinweis
The effects of minimum wages on youth employment, unemployment, and income: Minimum wages reduce entry-level jobs, training, and lifetime income (2024)
Zitatform
Kalenkoski, Charlene Marie (2024): The effects of minimum wages on youth employment, unemployment, and income. Minimum wages reduce entry-level jobs, training, and lifetime income. (IZA world of labor 243,2), Bonn, 10 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.243.v2
Abstract
"Empirische Studien belegen, dass Mindestlöhne die Beschäftigungschancen für junge Geringqualifizierte reduzieren. Zwar profitieren diejenigen, die einen Job finden, von höheren Einstiegslöhnen. Für arbeitslose Jugendliche wird der Arbeitsmarkteinstieg dagegen schwerer, was zu langfristigen Einkommenseinbußen führt. Das Lebenseinkommen sinkt zusätzlich aufgrund mangelnder betrieblicher Qualifizierungsangebote. Auszubildende sollten daher vom Mindestlohn ausgenommen sein. Durch staatliche Unterstützung in Form von Geld- oder Sachleistungen ließe sich ungelernten Jugendlichen effektiver helfen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Der Mindestlohn in der Praxis: Auswirkungen auf Lohnstrukturen, Arbeitsorganisation und (Non-)Compliance (2024)
Zitatform
Koch, Andreas, Marcel Reiner & Tobias Scheu (2024): Der Mindestlohn in der Praxis. Auswirkungen auf Lohnstrukturen, Arbeitsorganisation und (Non-)Compliance. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 77, H. 4, S. 262-272. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2024-4-262
Abstract
"In drei qualitativen empirischen Untersuchungen wurden in den Jahren 2017, 2019 und 2021 die Verhaltensmuster und Anpassungsstrategien von Betrieben und Beschäftigten auf die Einführung und die Erhöhungen des Mindestlohns analysiert. Der Beitrag greift ausgewählte Ergebnisse dieser Studien auf und geht der Frage nach, mit welchen Mitteln Betriebe auf die mindestlohnbedingten Veränderungen reagieren und welche Folgen dies für die Beschäftigten hat. Drei Aspekte stehen im Fokus: (1) Die Veränderungen der innerbetrieblichen Lohnstrukturen infolge des Mindestlohns, (2) organisatorische Veränderungen innerhalb der Betriebe zur Steigerung der Produktivität mit dem Ziel, Lohnkostensteigerungen zu kompensieren, und (3) die Einhaltung der Bestimmungen des Mindestlohngesetzes (Compliance). Auf Grundlage der durchgeführten Interviews mit Betriebsverantwortlichen, Beschäftigten und Betriebsräten werden diese Sachverhalte vertieft betrachtet. Ein Fokus liegt auf den Handlungsmotivationen und Begründungen für bestimmte Verhaltensweisen. Aus den Ergebnissen werden Schlussfolgerungen hinsichtlich aktueller und zukünftiger Erhöhungen des Mindestlohns gezogen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Do minimum wages crowd out union density? (2024)
Zitatform
Kozák, Michal, Georg Picot & Peter Starke (2024): Do minimum wages crowd out union density? In: BJIR, Jg. 62, H. 4, S. 760-778. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12809
Abstract
"Minimum wage legislation has spread across rich democracies in recent decades in response to rising inequality and in-work poverty. However, there are concerns that state regulation of wages could reduce incentives to join a union. We empirically test this crowding out hypothesis, using (1) an event-study macro-level analysis of trade union density in 19 advanced capitalist countries between 1960 and 2017 and (2) a multi-level analysis of 32 countries (1981−2020) where we use individual-level union membership as dependent variable. We find no evidence that statutory minimum wage adoption crowds out union density. We also test whether the most vulnerable groups of employees (young, low-skilled and low-income) have a lower propensity to join a union when a minimum wage is introduced but find no effect either." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Enriching administrative data using survey data and machine learning techniques (2024)
Kunaschk, Max;Zitatform
Kunaschk, Max (2024): Enriching administrative data using survey data and machine learning techniques. In: Economics Letters, Jg. 243, 2024-08-13. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2024.111924
Abstract
"I propose an approach to enrich administrative data with information only available in survey data using machine learning techniques. To illustrate the approach, I replicate a prominent study that used survey data to analyze the federal minimum wage introduction in Germany. In contrast to the original study, I use the universe of German establishments rather than the limited number of establishments that participated in the survey. As the administrative data do not contain information on whether establishments were treated by the minimum wage, I use a random forest classifier, trained on survey data, to predict the treatment status of establishments. The results obtained using the administrative data are qualitatively similar to the results obtained using the survey data. Beyond replication of previous research, this approach broadens the research potential of administrative data, enabling researchers to explore more detailed research questions at scale." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Kunaschk, Max; -
Literaturhinweis
The effects of minimum wages on employment and Prices - Evidence from the hairdressing sector (2024)
Kunaschk, Max;Zitatform
Kunaschk, Max (2024): The effects of minimum wages on employment and Prices - Evidence from the hairdressing sector. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 88, 2024-04-04. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102540
Abstract
"This paper provides comprehensive evidence on the labor and product market effects of a high-impact minimum wage introduction in the highly competitive hairdressing sector. Using detailed administrative data, I find negligible overall employment effects, even though the minimum wage substantially increased hourly wages. However, sub-group analyses reveal considerable heterogeneity in the estimated employment effects and suggest shifts away from marginal towards regular employment. Analyses of the price effects suggest that the reform increased output prices considerably, implying that consumers largely paid for the minimum wage." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Kunaschk, Max; -
Literaturhinweis
Income assistance programs and population health – The dual impact of minimum wages and the earned income tax credit (2024)
Zitatform
Lenhart, Otto & Kalyan Chakraborty (2024): Income assistance programs and population health – The dual impact of minimum wages and the earned income tax credit. In: Economics Letters, Jg. 234. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2023.111508
Abstract
"In this study, we provide new evidence on the interaction of state-level minimum wages and Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) laws on several measures of population health. Using data from the National Vital Statistics Reports between 1999 and 2018, we estimate difference-in-differences models to evaluate the dual impact of minimum wages and the EITC on various causes of mortality, such as suicides, motor accidents and assaults. While several researchers have examined the health effects of both these policies separately, few studies have examined the potential interaction effects of these policies. Specifically, while previous work has provided evidence that both minimum wages and the EITC can reduce suicide rates, our study contributes to the literature by showing that the policies have a positive dual impact on population health. We find that a $1 increase in minimum wages reduces death rates due to suicides and assaults by 3.8 percent and 15.2 percent in states with EITC laws, respectively. In contrast, we show that minimum wages do not impact these outcomes in states without state-level EITC laws." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The minimum wage and cross-community crime disparities (2024)
Zitatform
Li, Li & Haoming Liu (2024): The minimum wage and cross-community crime disparities. In: Journal of Population Economics, Jg. 37. DOI:10.1007/s00148-024-01023-w
Abstract
"This study examines the heterogeneous impacts of minimum wages, which could affect low-income workers' earnings and employment opportunities, on crime rates across neighboring communities. Using geo-tagged reported crime incident data from 18 major U.S. cities, we find that minimum wage increases reduce violent crime rates notably more in low-income communities than in high-income ones. On average, a one-dollar real minimum wage increase narrows the disparity in quarterly violent crime rates between low- and high-income communities by 12%. The impact varies considerably across different types of cities. The income effect resulting from raising the minimum wage is the main contributing factor." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The price and employment response of firms to the introduction of minimum wages (2024)
Zitatform
Link, Sebastian (2024): The price and employment response of firms to the introduction of minimum wages. In: Journal of Public Economics, Jg. 239. DOI:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105236
Abstract
"This paper studies the price and employment responses of firms to the introduction of a nationwide minimum wage in Germany. Widely throughout the economy, affected firms responded by rapidly and frequently increasing prices without cutting employment. These decisions are strongly interrelated: Firms that increased prices relatively more often also showed a less negative employment response. The relative importance of both margins is associated with product market competition and the specific economic situation firms face when being treated. The empirically strong interdependence suggests that the employment effects of minimum wages may not be properly understood when abstracting from other adjustment margins." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unintended workplace safety consequences of minimum wages (2024)
Zitatform
Liu, Qing, Ruosi Lu, Stephen Teng Sun & Meng Zhang (2024): Unintended workplace safety consequences of minimum wages. In: Journal of Public Economics, Jg. 239. DOI:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105247
Abstract
"We investigate the unintended impact of minimum wage increases on workplace safety. Using establishment-level data from the United States and a cohort-based stacked difference-in-differences design, we find that large increases in minimum wages have significant adverse effects on workplace safety. Our findings indicate that, on average, a large minimum wage increase results in a 4.6 percent increase in the total case rate. Event study estimates show that this adverse effect persists in the medium run. Furthermore, we find a more salient effect for firms more likely to be financially constrained or subject to a higher labor market rigidity in firing workers. We provide suggestive evidence that small minimum wage increases might reduce injury rates, highlighting the potential heterogeneity in the impact of minimum wage changes. We do not find evidence that capital-labor substitution could be behind the findings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
WSI-Mindestlohnbericht 2024 (2024)
Lübker, Malte; Schulten, Thorsten;Zitatform
Lübker, Malte & Thorsten Schulten (2024): WSI-Mindestlohnbericht 2024. (WSI-Report 93), Düsseldorf, 23 S.
Abstract
"In den meisten EU-Staaten kam es zum 1. Januar 2024 zu deutlichen Erhöhungen der Mindestlöhne. Diese reichten trotz anhaltend hoher Inflationsraten in der Mehrzahl der Mitgliedsländer aus, um die Kaufkraft des Mindestlohns zu erhalten oder sogar auszubauen. Begünstigt wurde die Mindestlohndynamik auch durch die im Herbst 2022 verabschiedete Europäische Mindestlohnrichtlinie. Viele Mitgliedsländer streben im Zuge der Umsetzung der EU-Richtlinie an, die dort verankerten Referenzwerte von 60 % des Medianlohns bzw. 50 % des Durchschnittslohns zu erreichen. Anders verlief die Entwicklung in Deutschland: Hier plädierte die Mindestlohnkommission gegen die Stimmen der Gewerkschaften nur für eine geringe Anhebung des Mindestlohns, die hinter die Preisentwicklung zurückfällt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
WSI-Mindestlohnbericht 2024: Reale Zugewinne durch die Umsetzung der Europäischen Mindestlohnrichtlinie (2024)
Lübker, Malte; Schulten, Thorsten;Zitatform
Lübker, Malte & Thorsten Schulten (2024): WSI-Mindestlohnbericht 2024: Reale Zugewinne durch die Umsetzung der Europäischen Mindestlohnrichtlinie. (WSI-Report 93), Düsseldorf, 21 S.
Abstract
"In den meisten EU-Staaten kam es zum 1. Januar 2024 zu deutlichen Erhöhungen der Mindestlöhne. Diese reichten trotz anhaltend hoher Inflationsraten in der Mehrzahl der Mitgliedsländer aus, um die Kaufkraft des Mindestlohns zu erhalten oder sogar auszubauen. Begünstigt wurde die Mindestlohndynamik auch durch die im Herbst 2022 verabschiedete Europäische Mindestlohnrichtlinie. Viele Mitgliedsländer streben im Zuge der Umsetzung der EU-Richtlinie an, die dort verankerten Referenzwerte von 60 % des Medianlohns bzw. 50 % des Durchschnittslohns zu erreichen. Anders verlief die Entwicklung in Deutschland: Hier plädierte die Mindestlohnkommission gegen die Stimmen der Gewerkschaften nur für eine geringe Anhebung des Mindestlohns, die hinter die Preisentwicklung zurückfällt." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
WSI-Mindestlohnbericht 2024: Reale Zugewinne durch die Umsetzung der Europäischen Mindestlohnrichtlinie (2024)
Lübker, Malte; Schulten, Thorsten;Zitatform
Lübker, Malte & Thorsten Schulten (2024): WSI-Mindestlohnbericht 2024: Reale Zugewinne durch die Umsetzung der Europäischen Mindestlohnrichtlinie. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 77, H. 2, S. 107-119. DOI:10.5771/0342-300x-2024-2-107
Abstract
"Der diesjährige WSI-Mindestlohnbericht nimmt über die Entwicklung der Mindestlöhne zum Stichtag 1. Januar 2024 Bestand auf. Er stützt sich auf Daten aus 38 Ländern in Europa und Übersee. Innerhalb der Europäischen Union stiegen die Mindestlöhne im Vorjahresvergleich im Median nominal um 9,5 %, und auch preisbereinigt verblieb im Median ein Plus von 2,5 %. In 14 der 22 berücksichtigten EU-Staaten stiegen die Mindestlöhne real um mindestens 1 %, in sieben davon um 5 % oder mehr. Der Bericht führt dies auch auf den Einfluss der EU-Mindestlohnrichtlinie zurück. Eine Ausnahme hiervon ist Deutschland, wo die Anhebung durch die Mindestlohnkommission auf 12,41 € nicht ausreichte, um Kaufkraftverluste auszugleichen. Um das in der Richtlinie verankerte Ziel von 60 % des Medianlohns zu erreichen, wäre hierzulande für das Jahr 2024 ein Mindestlohn in Höhe von gut 14 € notwendig gewesen." (Autorenreferat,IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The Europeanization of Wage Policy and Its Consequences for Labor Politics: The Case of Ireland (2024)
Zitatform
Maccarrone, Vincenzo (2024): The Europeanization of Wage Policy and Its Consequences for Labor Politics: The Case of Ireland. In: ILR review, Jg. 77, H. 5, S. 716-741. DOI:10.1177/00197939241268065
Abstract
"This article investigates the transnational labor politics associated with the Europeanization of wage policy, based on process tracing of Irish minimum wage regulation reforms over the past two decades. The policy struggle in Ireland started as an employer-led domestic challenge to market-embedding regulation and was then affected by two EU interventions on wage policy: one with a de-regulatory orientation (during EU-IMF conditionality) and one with a re-regulatory one (with the approval of the EU minimum wage directive). Findings show that differences in collective action undertaken by employers and trade unions to influence wage policy at the national level can be explained by the intersection of each actor’s preferences toward market-constraining or liberalizing labor regulation and their access to supranational (EU-level) institutions and support. This analysis contributes to debates on how transnational opportunity structures can alter labor’s and employers’ local power resources and strategies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Economics of Gender-Specific Minimum Wage Legislation (2024)
Marchingiglio, Riccardo; Poyker, Mikhail;Zitatform
Marchingiglio, Riccardo & Mikhail Poyker (2024): The Economics of Gender-Specific Minimum Wage Legislation. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17016), Bonn, 79 S.
Abstract
"Using full count U.S. census data, we study the impact of early 20th-century state-industry-specific minimum wage laws that primarily targeted female employees. Our triple-difference estimates suggest a null impact of the minimum wage laws, potentially reflecting disemployment effects and the positive selection bias of the workers remaining in the labor force. When comparing county-industry trends between counties straddling state borders, female employment is lower by around 3.1% in affected county-industry cells. We further investigate the implications for own-wage elasticity of labor demand as a function of cross-industry concentration, the channels of substitution between men and women, and heterogeneity by marital status." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Economics of Gender-Specific Minimum Wage Legislation (2024)
Zitatform
Marchingiglio, Riccardo & Michael Poyker (2024): The Economics of Gender-Specific Minimum Wage Legislation. In: Journal of labor economics. DOI:10.1086/733493
Abstract
"Using full count U.S. census data, we study the impact of early 20th-century state-industry-specific minimum wage laws that primarily targeted female employees. Our triple-difference estimates suggest a null impact of the minimum wage laws, potentially reflecting disemployment effects and the positive selection bias of the workers remaining in the labor force. When comparing county-industry Trends between counties straddling state borders, female employment is lower by around 3.1% in affected county-industry cells. We further investigate the implications for own-wage elasticity of labor demand as afunction of cross-industry concentration, the channels of substitution between men and women, and heterogeneity by marital status." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Internal migration after a uniform minimum wage introduction (2024)
Moog, Alexander;Zitatform
Moog, Alexander (2024): Internal migration after a uniform minimum wage introduction. (arXiv papers 2404.19590), 47 S. DOI:10.48550/arXiv.2404.19590
Abstract
"Internal migration is an essential aspect to study labor mobility. I exploit the German statutory minimum wage introduction in 2015 to estimate its push and pull effects on internal migration using a 2% sample of administrative data. In a conditional fixed effects Poisson difference-in-differences framework with a continuous treatment, I find that the minimum wage introduction leads to an increase in the out-migration of low-skilled workers with migrant background by 25% with an increasing tendency over time from districts where a high share of workers are subject to the minimum wage (high-bite districts). In contrast the migration decision of native-born low-skilled workers is not affected by the policy. However, both native-born low-skilled workers and those with a migrant background do relocate across establishments, leaving high-bite districts as their workplace. In addition, I find an increase for unemployed individuals with a migrant background in out-migrating from high-bite districts. These results emphasize the importance of considering the effects on geographical labor mobility when implementing and analyzing policies that affect the determinants of internal migration." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Data product DOI: 10.5164/IAB.SIAB7521.de.en.v1 -
Literaturhinweis
The Politics of the European Minimum Wage: Overcoming Ideological, Territorial and Institutional Conflicts in the EU Multi-level Arena (2024)
Zitatform
Natili, Marcello & Stefano Ronchi (2024): The Politics of the European Minimum Wage: Overcoming Ideological, Territorial and Institutional Conflicts in the EU Multi-level Arena. In: Journal of Common Market Studies, Jg. 62, H. 3, S. 725-743. DOI:10.1111/jcms.13526
Abstract
"Until recently, the idea of a European minimum wage (EMW) policy had never taken concrete shape, due to the heterogeneity of national wage-setting and collective bargaining institutions, uncertain EU competence on the matter, and widespread scepticism amongst political actors. In 2022, however, the EU adopted a directive on adequate minimum wages. How did this make it to the EU agenda, despite the many political, territorial and institutional tensions? What coalitions supported and opposed it? Based on a reconstruction of the policy process substantiated by an analysis of news media data and 14 interviews, this article investigates the multi-level politics of the EMW. It shows that, despite enduring 'euro-social scepticism' in northern Europe, the emergence of pro-minimum wage coalitions in key member states and the increase of party-competition dynamics at the EU level were crucial in overcoming the lines of conflict that had long hindered EU initiatives on minimum wage co-ordination." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do Higher Tipped Minimum Wages Reduce Race, Ethnic, or Gender Earnings Gaps for Restaurant Workers? (2024)
Zitatform
Neumark, David & Emma Wohl (2024): Do Higher Tipped Minimum Wages Reduce Race, Ethnic, or Gender Earnings Gaps for Restaurant Workers? (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 32964), Cambridge, Mass, 61 S.
Abstract
"One of the arguments increasingly made to support large minimum wage increases is that they decrease wage or earnings gaps for minorities or women (e.g., Derenoncourt and Montialoux, 2021). The argument is often made with particular reference to higher tipped minimum wages for restaurant workers, because of discrimination in tipping that is immune to equal pay policy requirements. Of course, even if higher tipped minimum wages reduce hourly pay differences between groups, increases in tipped minimum wages can reduce employment or hours among restaurant workers (Neumark and Yen, 2023), and these effects could differ by race and gender, so implications for hourly earnings do not necessarily extend to overall earnings. We estimate the impact of variation in tipped minimum wages – or, equivalently, tip credits – on earnings of restaurant workers (which ignores employment variation but incorporates hours variation). We find that tipped minimum wages raise hourly earnings of women, but not of Blacks or Hispanics. But tipped minimum wages generally do not raise weekly earnings for these groups (because of hours declines for women). In contrast, regular minimum wages boost hourly and weekly earnings of all three groups of restaurant workers, with the effects arising from non-tipped workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effects of minimum wages on (almost) everything? A review of recent evidence on health and related behaviors (2024)
Zitatform
Neumark, David (2024): The effects of minimum wages on (almost) everything? A review of recent evidence on health and related behaviors. In: Labour, Jg. 38, H. 1, S. 1-65. DOI:10.1111/labr.12263
Abstract
"I review and assess the evidence on minimum wage effects on health outcomes and health‐related behaviors. The evidence on physical health points in conflicting directions, leaning toward adverse effects. Research on effects on diet and obesity sometimes points to beneficial effects, whereas other evidence indicates that higher minimum wages increase smoking and drinking and reduce exercise (and possibly hygiene). In contrast, there is evidence that higher minimum wages reduce suicides, partly consistent with the evidence of positive or mixed effects on other measures of mental health/depression. Overall, policy conclusions that minimum wages improve health are unwarranted or at least premature." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Minimum Wage Effects on Gender Gaps in Working Hours and Earnings in Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Ohlert, Clemens (2024): Minimum Wage Effects on Gender Gaps in Working Hours and Earnings in Germany. (ECINEQ working paper series / Society for the Study of Economic Inequality 663), Verona, 26 S.
Abstract
"This paper investigates whether the introduction of a statutory minimum wage in Germany has led to a reduction in gender gaps in hourly wages, working hours and monthly earnings. Using the 2014 Structure of Earnings Survey and the 2015 Earnings Survey, a difference-in-differences approach was applied at the establishment level. The results show a reduction of the gender pay gap in establishments of up to 3.6 percentage points due to the introduction of the minimum wage. While the effects on hourly wages of women and men in low-wage jobs were the same on average, women are more often affected by the minimum wage and therefore benefit more often from it. The gender time gap in establishments decreased by about 2.4 percentage points on average and by about 3.9 percentage points among low wage workers. The minimum wage led to a reduction in the average gender gap in gross monthly earnings in establishments of up to 6.1 percentage points and by up to 4.6 percentage points among low-wage employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
- Grundsätzliches zum flächendeckenden Mindestlohn
- Auswirkungen des flächendeckenden Mindestlohns auf
- Auswirkungen des flächendeckenden Mindestlohns auf Personengruppen
- Ausnahmen vom flächendeckenden Mindestlohn u.a. für
- Ausweichreaktionen auf Mindestlöhne in Deutschland
- Bundesländer
- Branchenspezifische Mindestlöhne und deren Auswirkungen auf
- Mindestlohn in anderen Ländern