Migration und Integration
Bei dem Thema Einwanderung nach Deutschland gilt es auch die Bedingungen einer gelingenden Integration von Zugewanderten in Gesellschaft, Bildung und Arbeit zu untersuchen. Die Arbeitsmarktforschung beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie die Integration in das Bildungs- und Ausbildungssystem, der Zugang zum Arbeitsmarkt sowie die Bedingungen der sozialen Teilhabe und kulturellen Integration verbessert werden können.
Aktuelle Studien zeigen zudem, dass Deutschland angesichts seiner demographischen Herausforderungen dringend auf Zuwanderung angewiesen ist. Inwiefern kann Zuwanderung der Schrumpfung und Alterung des Erwerbspersonenpotenzials entgegenwirken? Welche Entwicklungen in der nationalen und europäischen Einwanderungspolitik begünstigen die Einwanderung von Erwerbspersonen und Fachkräften? Die hier zusammengestellte Literatur bietet einen aktuellen und umfassenden Überblick über den Themenkomplex Migration und Integration.
Literatur zum Thema Flucht und Asyl finden Sie in unserer IAB-Infoplattform Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten - Bildung und Arbeitsmarkt.
Zurück zur Übersicht- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Einwanderungspolitik
- Auswirkungen von Migration
- Wanderungsmotivation und Rückwanderung
- Arbeitslosigkeit und Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Qualifikation, Bildung und Beschäftigung
- Integration und soziale Teilhabe
- internationale Aspekte
- Personengruppen
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Literaturhinweis
The Labor Market Challenges and Coping Strategies of Highly Skilled Second-Generation Immigrants in Europe: A Scoping Review (2025)
Zitatform
Achouche, Noa (2025): The Labor Market Challenges and Coping Strategies of Highly Skilled Second-Generation Immigrants in Europe: A Scoping Review. In: Societies, Jg. 15, H. 4. DOI:10.3390/soc15040093
Abstract
"This scoping review investigates the labor market challenges and coping strategies of highly skilled second-generation immigrants in Europe who, despite their educational and professional accomplishments, face persistent barriers related to ethnic, cultural, and religious identities. Synthesizing existing literature, the review examines obstacles to the economic integration of highly educated children of immigrants, highlighting both their perceptions of these barriers and the adaptive strategies they employ. A systematic search was conducted across Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost to identify studies published between 2010 and 2024. The selection process followed a structured five-stage framework, including defining research questions, identifying and selecting relevant studies, charting the data, and synthesizing findings. A total of 1192 records were initially identified, with 1022 retained after duplicate removal. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 68 studies were included in the review. Findings indicate that hiring discrimination, occupational segregation, and exclusion from elite professional networks remain key barriers, particularly for those of Muslim background. Despite achieving professional success, many continue to encounter symbolic boundaries that limit career advancement. In response, second-generation professionals adopt various coping strategies, including ethnic niche formation, entrepreneurship, and transnational mobility, to navigate labor market disadvantages. Challenging traditional assimilation narratives, findings reveal that professional success does not guarantee societal acceptance, as ethnic and cultural identities continue to pose significant barriers. The review concludes by identifying key research gaps, advocating for further exploration of organizational practices that perpetuate ethnic inequalities within high-skill professions, and examining transnational mobility as a coping strategy for second-generation elites. Future research should explore how gender and ethnicity intersect to shape career trajectories for second-generation women. Additionally, expanding research beyond the predominant focus on Muslim professionals to include other religious and ethnic groups would provide a more comprehensive understanding of how identity markers influence labor market outcomes. Finally, as demographic shifts reshape European labor markets, comparative studies should assess how different institutional and cultural frameworks influence patterns of inclusion and exclusion for highly skilled second-generation professionals." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effect of immigration on the wage of natives, combining intensive and extensive labour supply margins (2025)
Zitatform
Badaoui, Eliane & Frank Walsh (2025): The effect of immigration on the wage of natives, combining intensive and extensive labour supply margins. In: Journal of Economics. DOI:10.1007/s00712-025-00903-3
Abstract
"We incorporate positive labor supply elasticities on the intensive and extensive margins into a standard model looking at the impact of immigration on hourly and weekly wages in the host region. When natives and migrants are perfect substitutes, a higher labor supply elasticity on the extensive margin reduces the magnitude of the negative hourly and weekly wage elasticity resulting from immigration. Conversely, a higher labor supply elasticity on the intensive margin is very likely to amplify the negative impact of immigration on the weekly wage, due to a reduction in weekly working hours. Simulations suggest that incorporating labour supply effects offsets negative wage effects, especially for parameter values that would otherwise imply a relatively large negative wage elasticity from immigration. The change in the wage elasticity of migration from incorporating labor supply effects is often small, but for special cases where labour supply elasticities are substantial the effects can be important." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Evaluation der berufsbezogenen Deutschsprachförderung nach § 45a AufenthG: Abschlussbericht Option (2025)
Baderschneider, Ariane; KrausePilatus, Annabelle; Boockmann, Bernhard; Kugler, Philipp ; Hecker, Kristin; Theimert, Hannes; Mahlstedt, Robert ; Caliendo, Marco ; Pfeiffer, Iris;Zitatform
Baderschneider, Ariane, Bernhard Boockmann, Marco Caliendo, Kristin Hecker, Annabelle KrausePilatus, Philipp Kugler, Robert Mahlstedt & Iris Pfeiffer (2025): Evaluation der berufsbezogenen Deutschsprachförderung nach § 45a AufenthG. Abschlussbericht Option. (Forschungsbericht / Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales 660), Berlin, 59 S.
Abstract
"Berufssprachkurse sind seit 2016 als Förderinstrument bundesweit verfügbar. Sie bauen auf den Integrationskursen auf und setzen den Spracherwerb auf fortgeschrittenem Niveau fort. Mit den Berufssprachkursen sollen die Chancen von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund auf dem Ausbildungs- und Arbeitsmarkt verbessert werden. Der nun vorliegende Optionsbericht ist Ergebnis einer Folgeuntersuchung zur Evaluation der Berufssprachkurse vom Oktober 2023. Die Evaluation sollte insbesondere ermitteln, ob die Ziele der berufsbezogenen Deutschsprachförderung erreicht werden, und wie sich die Teilnahme an Berufssprachkursen auf die Arbeitsmarktintegration der Teilnehmenden auswirkt. Darüber hinaus ging es um die Fragen, welche Zielgruppen besonders von einem Kursbesuch profitieren, welche Faktoren die Wirkungen der berufsbezogenen Deutschsprachförderung fördern (oder hemmen) und welche Empfehlungen sich aus den Ergebnissen der Untersuchung ableiten lassen. Der Optionsbericht ergänzt die Resultate des Hauptberichts und enthält zusätzliche Einschätzungen zum Verlauf der Sprachförderung, weitergehende Ergebnisse zu deren Wirkung sowie darauf aufbauend eine Analyse der Wirtschaftlichkeit in längerfristiger Betrachtung. Der Bericht hebt unter anderen hervor, dass Absolventinnen und Absolventen eines Berufssprachkurses nach vier Jahren signifikant häufiger in sozialversicherungspflichtiger Beschäftigung sind als Nichtteilnehmende. Dabei profitieren Frauen früher und stärker von der Teilnahme. Für sie verzeichnet die Untersuchung bereits zwölf Monate nach Kursbeginn eine höhere und kontinuierlich ansteigende Wahrscheinlichkeit, eine sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung aufzunehmen. Darüber hinaus gelingt es allen Teilnehmenden bereits ein Jahr nach Kursbeginn deutlich häufiger als Nichtteilnehmenden, in eine Ausbildung oder berufliche Weiterbildung einzutreten. Im weiteren Verlauf verstärkt sich dieser positive Effekt der Sprachförderung." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Racial Inequality in the Labor Market (2025)
Zitatform
Bayer, Patrick, Kerwin Kofi Charles & Ellora Derenoncourt (2025): Racial Inequality in the Labor Market. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 33372), Cambridge, Mass, 82 S.
Abstract
"In this chapter, we introduce a new framework for studying the evolution of racial inequality in the labor market. The framework encompasses two broad forces – distributional and positional – that affect labor market gaps by racial and ethnic identity over time. We provide long-run results on the evolution of Black-White earnings gaps, including new results for Black and White women, and we review the evidence on historical factors affecting racial gaps. We then provide new results on racial gaps among other groups in the U.S. and discuss the evidence on racial gaps outside the U.S. We then discuss the role of prejudice-based discrimination in driving racial gaps, particularly in the post-civil-rights era, a period when such discrimination has been thought to play a declining role in racial inequality. We describe forces that can amplify existing discrimination, such as monopsony and workers' perceptions of prejudice in the economy, and we discuss recent literature directly measuring discrimination through expanded audit studies and quasi-experimental variation. We conclude with a discussion of existing and new frontiers on race in the labor market, including stratification, reformulations of prejudice, and understanding the way race has shaped purportedly race-neutral institutions throughout the economy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The integration of migrants in the German labour market: evidence over 50 years (2025)
Zitatform
Berbée, Paul & Jan Stuhler (2025): The integration of migrants in the German labour market: evidence over 50 years. In: Economic Policy, Jg. 40, H. 122, S. 481-549. DOI:10.1093/epolic/eiae040
Abstract
"SUMMARY: Germany has become the second-most important destination for migrants worldwide. Using all waves from the microcensus, we study their labur market integration over the last 50 years and highlight differences to the US case. Although the employment gaps between immigrant and native men decline after arrival, they remain large for most cohorts; the average gap after one decade is 10 percentage points. Conversely, income gaps tend to widen post-arrival. Compositional differences explain how those gaps vary across groups, and why they worsened over time; after accounting for composition, integration outcomes show no systematic trend. Still, economic conditions do matter, and employment collapsed in some cohorts after structural shocks hit the German labor market in the early 1990s. Lastly, we examine the integration of recent arrivals during the European refugee ‘crisis’ and the Russo-Ukrainian war." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Navigating employment and overeducation: comparative study of immigrant experiences in 17 Western European nations (2025)
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Birgier, Debora Pricila & Stefano Cantalini (2025): Navigating employment and overeducation: comparative study of immigrant experiences in 17 Western European nations. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 51, H. 3, S. 583-608. DOI:10.1080/1369183x.2024.2399638
Abstract
"The labor market integration of migrants, focusing on employment and job quality, differs notably across Southern and Continental-Northern European nations, often involving trade-offs. Nonetheless, little is known about whether these diverse migrant inclusion models in European labor markets extend to the combination of employment and overeducation. Additionally, the role of gender in this context remains unclear. While overeducation is more prevalent among immigrants compared to native, its prevalence varies across countries. To fill this gap, we analyzed data from the 2015–2019 European Labor Force Survey in 17 European countries, considering gender and migrant origin – Western vs. non-Western. Results show that non-Western migrants and migrant women face more challenges than Western migrants and male counterparts, respectively. Among males, a trade-off model predominates, with low employment penalties but high overeducation penalties in Mediterranean countries, and vice versa in Continental and some Nordic nations. For females, those in Southern Europe align with the Mediterranean trade-off model, while those in most Continental and Nordic countries experience a double penalty. In Liberal countries, male migrants tend toward the Mediterranean trade-off model, while female migrants align with the integration model." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unveiling Disadvantages Faced by Refugee Professionals: A Review of Intersecting Challenges in Professional Reintegration (2025)
Zitatform
Botoon, Sanjar (2025): Unveiling Disadvantages Faced by Refugee Professionals: A Review of Intersecting Challenges in Professional Reintegration. In: Sociology Compass, Jg. 19, H. 4. DOI:10.1111/soc4.70061
Abstract
"Refugee professionals constitute a small but significant part of the growing refugee population worldwide. They are highly educated individuals motivated to resume their disrupted professions in host countries. However, they often remain unemployed, underemployed, or overqualified. This multidisciplinary review identifies three categories of disadvantages—ethno-racial discrimination, stigmatization of the “refugee identity,” and de-professionalizing integration support—as potential causes of refugee professionals' disadvantaged socioeconomic position and poor economic performance. Ethno-racial discrimination appears to be the most destructive, undermining professional aspirations and exacerbating identity and integration disadvantages. Identity disadvantages reduce professionals to just refugees, while integration disadvantages deprive them of the professional training, counseling, and orientation needed for successful reintegration. The review concludes that more structural constraints lead to a higher risk of marginalization and social exclusion for refugee professionals. It highlights the need for further research to inspire solution-oriented policy improvements." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Intergenerational Mobility of Immigrants in 15 Destination Countries (2025)
Boustan, Leah; Gielen, Anne C. ; San, Shmuel; Landaud, Fanny ; Manning, Alan ; Halla, Martin ; Giesing, Yvonne ; Deutscher, Nathan ; Macmillan, Lindsey ; Adermon, Adrian ; Siegenthaler, Michael ; Zohar, Tom; Fjællegaard, Mathias; Espín, Javier Soria; Åslund, Olof; Salvanes, Kjell G. ; Martínez, Isabel Z. ; Jiang, Yuyan; Weber, Andrea ; Poutvaara, Panu ; Jácome, Elisa; Stuhler, Jan ; Polo, Alberto; Arellano-Bover, Jaime; Karmel, Cecilia; Rapoport, Hillel ; Govind, Yajna; Pérez, Jensen Santiago; Connolly, Marie ; Zhang, Jonathan; Watley, Analysia; Hangartner, Dominik ; Abramitzky, Ran ; Roman, Sara; Zheng, Angela; Violante, Giovanni L.; Webbink, Dinand; Sirugue, Louis;Zitatform
Boustan, Leah, Alan Manning, Jaime Arellano-Bover, Anne C. Gielen, Dominik Hangartner, Lindsey Macmillan, Hillel Rapoport, Michael Siegenthaler, Giovanni L. Violante, Mathias Fjællegaard, Jensen Santiago Pérez, Olof Åslund, Yvonne Giesing, Yuyan Jiang, Isabel Z. Martínez, Sara Roman, Louis Sirugue, Dinand Webbink, Angela Zheng, Ran Abramitzky, Analysia Watley, Marie Connolly, Yajna Govind, Cecilia Karmel, Alberto Polo, Shmuel San, Fanny Landaud, Martin Halla, Nathan Deutscher, Adrian Adermon, Tom Zohar, Javier Soria Espín, Kjell G. Salvanes, Andrea Weber, Panu Poutvaara, Elisa Jácome, Jan Stuhler & Jonathan Zhang (2025): Intergenerational Mobility of Immigrants in 15 Destination Countries. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17711), Bonn, 290 S.
Abstract
"We estimate intergenerational mobility of immigrants and their children in fifteen receiving countries. We document large income gaps for first-generation immigrants that diminish in the second generation. Around half of the second-generation gap can be explained by differences in parental income, with the remainder due to differential rates of absolute mobility. The daughters of immigrants enjoy higher absolute mobility than daughters of locals in most destinations, while immigrant sons primarily enjoy this advantage in countries with long histories of immigration. Cross-country differences in absolute mobility are not driven by parental country-of-origin, but instead by destination labor markets and immigration policy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Natives’ gender norms and the labor market integration of female immigrants (2025)
Zitatform
Bredtmann, Julia & Sebastian Otten (2025): Natives’ gender norms and the labor market integration of female immigrants. In: World Development, Jg. 185. DOI:10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106794
Abstract
"Using data from the European Social Survey 2002–2020, covering immigrants in 23 European countries, this paper investigates the role of natives’ gender norms in the labor market integration of female immigrants. To analyze the role of natives’ gender norms, we exploit intertemporal, interregional, and age-specific variation in female-to-male labor force participation ratios. We find a positive and robust association between immigrant women’s labor supply and the female-to-male labor force participation ratio in their region of residence. No similar association is found among immigrant men. We provide evidence that our finding is due to the cultural assimilation of female immigrants to native women’s gender norms, and not the result of exposure to similar institutions and economic conditions. Based on a gravity model of female immigrants’ regional location choice, we further provide supportive evidence that the association between natives’ gender norms and immigrant women’s labor supply is not driven by a selective location choice of female immigrants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Please come back! How and why European governments try to reattract emigrated citizens (2025)
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Bruzelius, Cecilia & Lea Reiß (2025): Please come back! How and why European governments try to reattract emigrated citizens. In: Comparative Migration Studies, Jg. 13, H. 1. DOI:10.1186/s40878-025-00421-7
Abstract
"Many EU Member States have adopted emigrant return policies (ERPs) meant to encourage and assist emigrated citizens’ migration back to their country of origin. Despite the significance of this trend, there is a notable lack of comparative research on the nature of ERPs and explanations for their introduction. This article offers a comprehensive analysis of ERPs across all EU countries that have introduced such policies in the past two decades (2004–2023) – including 17 countries and 81 policies. We examine policy instruments, target groups, policy justifications, and the political contexts associated with the introduction of ERPs. Our analysis reveals that ERPs are largely symbolic in substance – although the use of more costlyeconomic tools increased towards the end of the analysed period –, primarily targeting the young and highly skilled, and justified predominantly in relation to the economy. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ERPs are often introduced for political reasons: while many of these policies are likely to be ineffective in shaping migration, they have been adopted in contexts where emigration and/or related issues were salient to showcase action on a highly complex policy issue. The study covers new empirical ground regarding how and why EU Member States govern migration within a free movement space and the understudied politics of emigration and return." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Zuwanderungsmonitor Februar (2025)
Zitatform
Brücker, Herbert, Andreas Hauptmann & Sekou Keita (2025): Zuwanderungsmonitor Februar. (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung. Aktuelle Daten und Indikatoren), Nürnberg, 8 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.ZM.2502
Abstract
"In aller Kürze: - Die ausländische Bevölkerung in Deutschland ist nach Angaben des Ausländerzentralregisters im Januar 2025 gegenüber dem Vormonat um 800 Personen gesunken. - Die Beschäftigungsquote der ausländischen Bevölkerung betrug im Dezember 2024 55,1 Prozent und ist damit im Vergleich zum Vorjahresmonat um 1,8 Prozentpunkte gestiegen. - Die absolute Zahl der Arbeitslosen mit einer ausländischen Staatsangehörigkeit hat im Februar 2025 gegenüber dem Vorjahresmonat um rund 60.000 Personen zugenommen. Dies entspricht einem Anstieg von 5,8 Prozent. - Die Arbeitslosenquote der ausländischen Bevölkerung lag im Dezember 2024 bei 14,8 Prozent und ist im Vergleich zum Vorjahresmonat um 0,1 Prozentpunkte gestiegen. - Die SGB-II-Hilfequote der ausländischen Bevölkerung lag im November 2024 bei 20,5 Prozent und ist gegenüber dem Vorjahresmonat um 0,3 Prozentpunkte gesunken. - Unter den ausländischen Staatsangehörigen belief sich die Beschäftigungsquote von Frauen im August 2024 auf 49,1 Prozent und von Männern auf 60,8 Prozent. Die Beschäftigungsquote von Frauen mit ausländischer Staatsangehörigkeit ist damit im Vergleich zum Vorjahresmonat um 1,5 Prozentpunkte gestiegen, die von Männern um 0,9 Prozentpunkte." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Sämtliche Ausgaben des Zuwanderungsmonitors im Grafik- und Datenportal des IAB -
Literaturhinweis
Zuwanderungsmonitor Mai (2025)
Zitatform
Brücker, Herbert, Andreas Hauptmann & Sekou Keita (2025): Zuwanderungsmonitor Mai. (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung. Aktuelle Daten und Indikatoren), Nürnberg, 8 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.ZM.2505
Abstract
"In aller Kürze: - Die ausländische Bevölkerung in Deutschland ist nach Angaben des Ausländerzentralregisters im April 2025 gegenüber dem Vormonat um rund 1.000 Personen gesunken. - Die Beschäftigungsquote der ausländischen Bevölkerung betrug im März 2025 55,8 Prozent und ist damit im Vergleich zum Vorjahresmonat um 1,7 Prozentpunkte gestiegen. - Die absolute Zahl der Arbeitslosen mit einer ausländischen Staatsangehörigkeit hat im Mai 2025 gegenüber dem Vorjahresmonat um rund 58.000 Personen zugenommen. Dies entspricht einem Anstieg von 5,7 Prozent. - Die Arbeitslosenquote der ausländischen Bevölkerung lag im März 2025 bei 15,5 Prozent und ist im Vergleich zum Vorjahresmonat um 0,2 Prozentpunkte gestiegen. - Die SGB-II-Hilfequote der ausländischen Bevölkerung lag im Februar 2025 bei 20,6 Prozent und ist gegenüber dem Vorjahresmonat um 0,6 Prozentpunkte gesunken. - Unter den ausländischen Staatsangehörigen belief sich die Beschäftigungsquote von Frauen im November 2024 auf 49,6 Prozent und von Männern auf 61,3 Prozent. Die Beschäftigungsquote von Frauen mit ausländischer Staatsangehörigkeit ist damit im Vergleich zum Vorjahresmonat um 1,7 Prozentpunkte gestiegen, die von Männern ebenfalls um 1,7 Prozentpunkte." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Sämtliche Ausgaben des Zuwanderungsmonitors im Grafik- und Datenportal des IAB -
Literaturhinweis
Erschwert das Bürgergeld die Integration von Migrantinnen und Migranten in den Arbeitsmarkt? (Serie "Bürgergeld") (2025)
Zitatform
Brücker, Herbert (2025): Erschwert das Bürgergeld die Integration von Migrantinnen und Migranten in den Arbeitsmarkt? (Serie "Bürgergeld"). In: IAB-Forum H. 24.03.2025. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20250324.01
Abstract
"In der öffentlichen Debatte wird häufig unterstellt, dass sich Menschen durch den Bezug von Bürgergeld, darunter auch Migrant*innen und Geflüchtete, besserstellen als durch Beschäftigung. Fakt ist: Es gibt keine Konstellation, in der jemand, der arbeitet und alle erlaubten Transfers in Anspruch nimmt, weniger hat als jemand, der nicht arbeitet. Das zeigen aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse des IAB." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Zuwanderungsmonitor April (2025)
Zitatform
Brücker, Herbert, Andreas Hauptmann & Sekou Keita (2025): Zuwanderungsmonitor April. (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung. Aktuelle Daten und Indikatoren), Nürnberg, 8 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.ZM.2504
Abstract
"In aller Kürze: - Die ausländische Bevölkerung in Deutschland ist nach Angaben des Ausländerzentralregisters im März 2025 gegenüber dem Vormonat um 4.000 Personen gesunken. - Die Beschäftigungsquote der ausländischen Bevölkerung betrug im Februar 2025 55,3 Prozent und ist damit im Vergleich zum Vorjahresmonat um 1,7 Prozentpunkte gestiegen. - Die absolute Zahl der Arbeitslosen mit einer ausländischen Staatsangehörigkeit hat im April 2025 gegenüber dem Vorjahresmonat um rund 57.000 Personen zugenommen. Dies entspricht einem Anstieg von 5,5 Prozent. - Die Arbeitslosenquote der ausländischen Bevölkerung lag im Februar 2025 bei 15,7 Prozent und ist im Vergleich zum Vorjahresmonat um 0,7 Prozentpunkte gestiegen. - Die SGB-II-Hilfequote der ausländischen Bevölkerung lag im Januar 2025 bei 20,5 Prozent und ist gegenüber dem Vorjahresmonat um 0,5 Prozentpunkte gesunken. - Unter den ausländischen Staatsangehörigen belief sich die Beschäftigungsquote von Frauen im Oktober 2024 auf 49,6 Prozent und von Männern auf 61,4 Prozent. Die Beschäftigungsquote von Frauen mit ausländischer Staatsangehörigkeit ist damit im Vergleich zum Vorjahresmonat um Prozentpunkte gestiegen, die von Männern um Prozentpunkte." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Sämtliche Ausgaben des Zuwanderungsmonitors im Grafik- und Datenportal des IAB -
Literaturhinweis
Do xenophobic attitudes influence migrant workers’ regional location choice? (2025)
Zitatform
Buch, Tanja, Carola Burkert, Stefan Hell, Annekatrin Niebuhr & Anette Haas (2025): Do xenophobic attitudes influence migrant workers’ regional location choice? In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 20, H. 2, 2024-12-16. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0316627
Abstract
"This paper investigates whether xenophobic attitudes, as measured by the regional share of votes for right-wing parties and xenophobic violence, affect migrants’ choices of where to live in Germany. We use a unique panel data set for the period 2004 to 2017 and apply fixed effects regression models and instrumental variable estimation to examine the relationship between anti-immigrant attitudes and immigration. Our results indicate that xenophobic attitudes tend to reduce regional labour immigration. However, evidence seems to be more robust for the support of right-wing parties than for xenophobic violence. Regarding heterogeneous effects across skill groups, the findings are ambiguous. While the immigration of skilled workers seems to be more sensitive to xenophobic violence, evidence is more robust for the share of right-wing votes in the case of low-skilled foreign workers. The strength of the adverse effect of anti-immigrant attitudes tends to increase with the local size of the coethnic community." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © PLoS ONE) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Buch, Tanja; Haas, Anette; Hell, Stefan; Niebuhr, Annekatrin ; Burkert, Carola ; -
Literaturhinweis
Employers' Language Proficiency Requirements and Hiring of Immigrants (2025)
Zitatform
Carlsson, Magnus, Stefan Eriksson & Dan-Olof Rooth (2025): Employers' Language Proficiency Requirements and Hiring of Immigrants. (Working paper / Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI) 2025,07), Stockholm, 85 S.
Abstract
"Labor markets in advanced economies have undergone substantial change due to globalization, technological improvements, and organizational changes, making language proficiency increasingly important even in less skilled jobs. Has this development led employers to shy away from hiring immigrants with limited host-country language skills? We shed light on this question by conducting a large-scale field experiment, where we introduce common second-language features in immigrants' resumes. We also conduct employer surveys to interpret our experimental results. Our main finding is that language proficiency has a strong positive effect on being invited to a job interview, even in typical immigrant entry jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Female Migrants and Brain Waste - A Conceptual Challenge with Societal Implications (2025)
Elo, Maria; Täube, Florian; Aman, Raushan;Zitatform
Elo, Maria, Raushan Aman & Florian Täube (2025): Female Migrants and Brain Waste - A Conceptual Challenge with Societal Implications. In: International Migration, Jg. 63, H. 1. DOI:10.1111/imig.12783
Abstract
"Global careers and highly skilled expatriates employing their talent in diverse contexts of the world tend to be conceptualized as “male”, and recognized diplomas represent employability. Despite the increasing feminization of migration, highly skilled female migrants and their contributions to economies through careers or entrepreneurship remain overlooked. Many obstacles impede the full employment of their talents. We review extant literature and argue that female migrant talent merits more detailed conceptual attention. By analysing interview data from 2010 to 2019 in two advanced European countries, we found that female migrants suffer from brain waste in multiple ways, partly due to external institutional aspects and discrimination and partly due to inherent internalized practices and sociocultural norms. We call for greater intersectionality and interdisciplinarity in examining equality to advance female economic participation. Private and public sectors may improve female talent perception, integration and employment by developing specific responses to the problems identified." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Informal Incentives and Labour Markets (2025)
Fahn, Matthias; Murooka, Takeshi;Zitatform
Fahn, Matthias & Takeshi Murooka (2025): Informal Incentives and Labour Markets. In: The Economic Journal, Jg. 135, H. 665, S. 144-179. DOI:10.1093/ej/ueae063
Abstract
"This paper investigates how labor-market tightness affects market outcomes if firms use informal, self-enforcing, agreements to motivate workers. We characterize profit-maximising equilibria and show that an increase in the supply of homogeneous workers can increase wages. Moreover, even though all workers are identical in terms of skills or productivity, profit-maximising discrimination equilibria exist. There, a group of majority workers is paid higher wages than a group of minority workers, who may even be completely excluded. Minimum wages can reduce such discrimination and increase employment. We discuss how these results relate to empirical evidence on downward wage rigidity, immigration, the gender pay gap, and credentialism." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Should I Stay or Should I Go? The Response of Labor Migration to Economic Shocks (2025)
Zitatform
Foschi, Andrea, Christopher House, Christian Proebsting & Linda Tesar (2025): Should I Stay or Should I Go? The Response of Labor Migration to Economic Shocks. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 33755), Cambridge, Mass, 41 S.
Abstract
"We examine the responsiveness of labor participation, unemployment and labor migration to exogenous variations in labor demand. Our empirical approach considers four instruments for regional labor demand commonly used in the literature. Empirically, we find that labor migration is a significant margin of adjustment for all our instruments. Following an increase in regional labor demand, the initial increase in employment is accounted for mainly through a reduction in unemployment. Over time however, net labor in-migration becomes the dominant factor contributing to increased regional employment. After 5 years, roughly 60 percent of the increase in employment is explained by the change in population. Responses of labor migration are strongest for individuals aged 20-35. Based on historical data back to the 1950s, we find no evidence of a decline in the elasticity of migration to changes in employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Barriers to humanitarian migration, victimization and integration outcomes: Evidence from Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Freitas Monteiro, Teresa & Lars Ludolph (2025): Barriers to humanitarian migration, victimization and integration outcomes: Evidence from Germany. In: World Development, Jg. 186, 2024-11-01. DOI:10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106833
Abstract
"Asylum seekers who migrate from developing countries to Europe frequently experience victimization events during their journey. The consequences of these events for their economic integration into destination countries are not yet well explored. In this paper, we analyze how victimization during asylum seekers’ journeys affects their labor market integration in Germany by using survey data collected in the aftermath of the 2015 refugee crisis. Our data allow us to account for the exact timing and geography of migration, such that samples of physically victimized and nonvictimized refugees are balanced along a wide range of characteristics. We find that, compared to nonvictimized refugees, refugees who were physically victimized during their journey to Germany favor joining the labor force and taking up low-income employment rather than investing in host country human capital. To explain these findings, we explore a range of potential mechanisms and find suggestive evidence that experiencing physical victimization in vulnerable situations is not only associated with a decline in mental health but also with a “loss of future orientation” among physically victimized refugees, leading them to discount future payoffs more heavily." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Einwanderungspolitik
- Auswirkungen von Migration
- Wanderungsmotivation und Rückwanderung
- Arbeitslosigkeit und Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Qualifikation, Bildung und Beschäftigung
- Integration und soziale Teilhabe
- internationale Aspekte
- Personengruppen