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Atypische Beschäftigung

Vollzeit, unbefristet und fest angestellt - das typische Normalarbeitsverhältnis ist zwar immer noch die Regel. Doch arbeiten die Erwerbstätigen heute vermehrt auch befristet, in Teilzeit- und Minijobs, in Leiharbeitsverhältnissen oder als Solo-Selbständige. Was sind die Konsequenzen der zunehmenden Bedeutung atypischer Beschäftigungsformen für die Erwerbstätigen, die Arbeitslosen und die Betriebe? Welche Bedeutung haben sie für die sozialen Sicherungssysteme, das Beschäftigungsniveau und die Durchlässigkeit des Arbeitsmarktes? Die IAB-Infoplattform bietet Informationen zum Forschungsstand.

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Precarious work (2018)

    Kalleberg, Arne L.; Vallas, Stephen P.;

    Zitatform

    Kalleberg, Arne L. & Stephen P. Vallas (Hrsg.) (2018): Precarious work. (Research in the sociology of work 31), Bingley: Emerald, 466 S.

    Abstract

    "This volume presents original theory and research on precarious work in various parts of the world, identifying its social, political and economic origins, its manifestations in the USA, Europe, Asia, and the Global South, and its consequences for personal and family life.
    In the past quarter century, the nature of paid employment has undergone a dramatic change due to globalization, rapid technological change, the decline of the power of workers in favor of employers, and the spread of neoliberalism. Jobs have become far more insecure and uncertain, with workers bearing the risks of employment as opposed to employers or the government. This trend towards precarious work has engulfed virtually all advanced capitalist nations, but unevenly so, while countries in the Global South continue to experience precarious conditions of work.
    This title examines theories of precarious work; cross-national variations in its features; racial and gender differences in exposure to precarious work; and the policy alternatives that might protect workers from undue risk. The chapters utilize a variety of methods, both quantitative statistical analyses and careful qualitative case studies. This volume will be a valuable resource that constitutes required reading for scholars, activists, labor leaders, and policy makers concerned with the future of work under contemporary capitalism." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Temporary-permanent wage gap: does type of work and location in distribution matter? (2017)

    Cochrane, Bill; Li, Chao; Pacheco, Gail;

    Zitatform

    Cochrane, Bill, Gail Pacheco & Chao Li (2017): Temporary-permanent wage gap. Does type of work and location in distribution matter? In: Australian Journal of Labour Economics, Jg. 20, H. 2, S. 125-147.

    Abstract

    "Recent years have seen a push for greater labour market flexibility and an accompanying upsurge of interest in temporary employment and the negative outcomes often associated with such employment arrangements. This study focusses on the pay outcome with respect to the temporary workforce in New Zealand. This country is a useful case study for such analysis, because of the low levels of employment protection legislation afforded to temporary workers relative to the rest of the OECD. We utilise decomposition analysis to assess the size and significance of unexplained wage gaps for both the aggregate group of temporary workers and the subgroups of fixed-term, casual, temporary agency and seasonal workers. Our findings signal that the majority of the temporary-permanent wage differences can be explained by observable characteristics, with no wage gap evident for fixedterm workers. We also find varying effects across the wage distribution. Quantile analysis points to a widening wage gap (particularly for casual and temporary agency workers) towards the upper end of the wage distribution, with a growing proportion of the gap that is unexplained." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Development through seasonal worker programs: the case of New Zealand's RSE program (2014)

    Gibson, John; McKenzie, David;

    Zitatform

    Gibson, John & David McKenzie (2014): Development through seasonal worker programs. The case of New Zealand's RSE program. (CReAM discussion paper 2014,05), London, 28 S.

    Abstract

    "Seasonal worker programs are increasingly seen as offering the potential to be part of international development policy, in addition to the traditional goal of meeting domestic agricultural needs. New Zealand's Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) program is one of the first and most prominent of programs designed with this perspective. This chapter provides a detailed examination of this policy through the first six seasons. It begins by outlining the background to the launch of the program, and key features of how the program operates in practice. This includes the important role of policy facilitation measures taken by national governments and aid agencies. The evolution of the program in terms of worker numbers is then discussed, along with new data on the (high) degree of circularity in worker movements, and new data on (very low) worker overstay rates. This is followed by a summary of the impacts of the program on New Zealand workers and employers: there appears to have been little displacement of New Zealand workers, and new data shows RSE workers to be more productive than local labor, and that workers appear to gain productivity as they return for subsequent seasons. The program has also benefitted the migrants participating in the program, with increases in per capita incomes, expenditure, savings, and subjective well-being, with some evidence of small positive spillover benefits to their communities in the form of public goods. Taken together, this evidence suggests that the RSE program is largely living up to its promise of a 'triple win' for migrants, their sending countries in the Pacific, and for New Zealand, and that it is one of the most successful development interventions for which rigorous evidence exists. As such, both development and immigration policy can benefit from learning the lessons of this program." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Atypische Beschäftigung und Niedriglohnarbeit: Benchmarking Deutschland: Befristete und geringfügige Tätigkeiten, Zeitarbeit und Niedriglohnbeschäftigung (2010)

    Eichhorst, Werner; Marx, Paul; Thode, Eric;

    Zitatform

    Eichhorst, Werner, Paul Marx & Eric Thode (2010): Atypische Beschäftigung und Niedriglohnarbeit. Benchmarking Deutschland: Befristete und geringfügige Tätigkeiten, Zeitarbeit und Niedriglohnbeschäftigung. Gütersloh, 53 S.

    Abstract

    "Die Diskussion über die Schaffung neuer, zusätzlicher Arbeitsplätze durch institutionelle Reformen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt dreht sich im Kern in zahlreichen europäischen Staaten um die Rolle 'atypischer' Beschäftigungsverhältnisse. Diese orientieren sich nicht an unbefristeter Vollzeitarbeit (dem sogenannten Normalarbeitsverhältnis), die in der Regel tarifvertraglich geregelt ist und den vollen Schutz der sozialen Sicherungssysteme in Deutschland gewährt. Auf der einen Seite bieten atypische Arbeitsverhältnisse tatsächlich zusätzliche Erwerbschancen insbesondere im Dienstleistungssektor, auf der anderen Seite zeichnen sie sich oft durch Abweichungen vom jeweiligen tarif-, unternehmens- oder betriebsüblichen Standard hinsichtlich Arbeitszeiten, Entlohnung oder Bestandssicherheit aus. Die Notwendigkeit der Re-Regulierung atypischer Beschäftigungsformen steht deshalb auf dem Prüfstand und wird je nach Perspektive - beschäftigungspolitische vs. sozialpolitische Orientierung - unterschiedlich bewertet. Auf der Grundlage der empirischen Beobachtungen ist ein differenziertes Urteil über die Bedeutung atypischer Beschäftigung und von deren Chancen und Risiken möglich." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Temporary agency work and precarious employment: a review of the current situation in Australia and New Zealand (2005)

    Burgess, John; Rasmussen, Erling; Connell, Julia;

    Zitatform

    Burgess, John, Julia Connell & Erling Rasmussen (2005): Temporary agency work and precarious employment. A review of the current situation in Australia and New Zealand. In: Management Revue, Jg. 16, H. 3, S. 351-369.

    Abstract

    "This paper reviews three key issues associated with temporary agency work (referred to as agency work herewith) by drawing on Australian and New Zealand trends and experiences. First, the authors contend that it is surprising, in light of its high flexibility, that agency work constitutes a relatively small proportion of total employment in both countries. This article presents several reasons which can provide an explanation for employers' relatively limited use of agency employment. These reasons also show that agency work must be seen as part of the wider expansion of atypical employment arrangements. Second, the paradoxical mix of glamour and precariousness often associated with agency work is discussed. White labour flexibility is often associated with insecurity and precariousness, there are also advantageous forms of agency employment for all parties concerned. Consequently, this article provides an overview of recent research findings. It is evident from the research literature an agency work that there is either an emphasis on its precarious nature or on the individual preferences and choices of the temps themselves. In many countries, extensive regulatory arrangements exist that govern both the agency sector and the agency employment contract. This is not the case, however, in Australia and New Zealand and the effects of this unregulated approach are discussed as is the possibility of regulatory interventions that could be introduced at a future date." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    When non-standard work becomes precarious: insights from the New Zealand call centre industry (2005)

    Hannif, Zeenobiyah; Lamm, Felicity;

    Zitatform

    Hannif, Zeenobiyah & Felicity Lamm (2005): When non-standard work becomes precarious. Insights from the New Zealand call centre industry. In: Management Revue, Jg. 16, H. 3, S. 324-350.

    Abstract

    "The issue of precarious employment has gained increasing currency over recent years, as OECD countries have shifted away from traditional standard employment models. Nevertheless, there has been little empirical research on the experiences of non-standard workers and the links that can be established with precarious work. This article attempts to address this gap by introducing precarious employment as a sub-set of non-standard work and highlighting its distinguishing features. The Tucker model is introduced as a useful bridge between non-standard work and precariousness, and is used as a framework for examining employment experiences within two New Zealand call centres. Initial observations indicate evidence of precariousness in both workplaces, although more severe in the case of the small, outsourced call centre. In-depth analysis suggests precariousness varies depending on the nature of the employment arrangement and questions are put forth about the applicability of the 'Tucker' model to the call centre context." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Just a temp? Women, temporary employment and lifestyle (2004)

    Casey, Catherine; Alach, Petricia;

    Zitatform

    Casey, Catherine & Petricia Alach (2004): Just a temp? Women, temporary employment and lifestyle. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 18, H. 3, S. 459-480. DOI:10.1177/0950017004045546

    Abstract

    "Women's continued high rate of participation in non-standard employment, especially temporary and part-time jobs, attracts much critical concern. Many social analysts of work regard non-standard employment as heightening risks of economic insecurity, workplace exploitation and social marginalization. Labour economists regard temporary and part-time work as comprising 'secondary' labour markets and workers in this sector as 'secondary earners'. Many analysts consider women's over-representation in this sector to be a consequence of women's exclusion from primary sector employment and its expected better conditions.
    This article develops an interpretive analysis of a qualitative study of 45 women temporary workers in New Zealand in 2001-2002. The experiences and aspirations with respect to work of this particular sample of women currently engaged in temporary employment relations indicate some divergent trajectories from those more commonly observed. In contrast to most current depictions of women and temporary employment, the findings indicate that some women are striving to practise their own preferential employment arrangements in ways that actively challenge conventional economic assumptions of employment behaviour and traditional trajectories of women's lives. The article proposes that these efforts may indicate alternative oppositional strategies to normative acceptance of qualitatively degraded jobs and employment relations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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