Atypische Beschäftigung
Der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt wird zunehmend heterogener. Teilzeitbeschäftigung und Minijobs boomen. Ebenso haben befristete Beschäftigung und Leiharbeit an Bedeutung gewonnen und die Verbreitung von Flächentarifverträgen ist rückläufig. Diese atypischen Erwerbsformen geben Unternehmen mehr Flexibilität.
Was sind die Konsequenzen der zunehmenden Bedeutung atypischer Beschäftigungsformen für Erwerbstätige, Arbeitslose und Betriebe? Welche Bedeutung haben sie für die sozialen Sicherungssysteme, das Beschäftigungsniveau und die Durchlässigkeit des Arbeitsmarktes? Die IAB-Themendossier bietet Informationen zum Forschungsstand.
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
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Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht
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Literaturhinweis
Permanently marginalized? Securing living hours among part-time workers in hotels and restaurants in Northern Europe (2024)
Ilsøe, Anna ; Larsen, Trine Pernille ; Trygstad, Sissel ; Nergaard, Kristine ; McMahon, Juliette ; Ryan, Lorraine ;Zitatform
Ilsøe, Anna, Trine Pernille Larsen, Sissel Trygstad, Lorraine Ryan, Kristine Nergaard & Juliette McMahon (2024): Permanently marginalized? Securing living hours among part-time workers in hotels and restaurants in Northern Europe. In: European journal of industrial relations, Jg. 30, H. 4, S. 421-439. DOI:10.1177/09596801241264643
Abstract
"This paper offers a comparative perspective on the wage and working conditions of marginal part-time workers (less than 15 hours per week) in the Danish, Irish and Norwegian hotel and restaurant sector. Each of the three countries belongs to distinct industrial relations models with different sectoral traditions of multi-employer bargaining, political intervention and union strength. We focus on social partner initiatives, over time, covering trade unions, employers and national governments’ unilateral, bipartite or tripartite measures to secure ‘living hours’ for workers with contracts of few hours. Analytically, we seek inspiration from the work on industrial relations regimes by Visser (2009) and combine it with the concept of living hours. We find that social partners have introduced a series of initiatives to secure living hours, notably to protect and increase hourly wages and secure guaranteed weekly working hours. However, while securing minimum wages and income through either bipartite, tripartite or unilateral measures seem relatively successful in all three countries, the attempts to guarantee minimum weekly working hours and thus secure living hours prove more difficult and mainly has had an impact in Denmark." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A world of unstable jobs is far from the empirical trends displayed in the Irish labor market in the 21st century (2023)
Zitatform
Murphy, Caroline & Thomas Turner (2023): A world of unstable jobs is far from the empirical trends displayed in the Irish labor market in the 21st century. In: The Journal of Industrial Relations, Jg. 65, H. 5, S. 734-744. DOI:10.1177/00221856231193295
Abstract
"Labor market dynamics are complex, limiting the capacity for consensus on a singular phenomenon to account for patterns. In this paper, we present a range of broader empirical trends from the Irish labor market that suggests the possible impact of neoliberal-type policies in the Irish market has been counterbalanced by strong human capital and skills development, growth in higher level occupations and employment protection. Though precarious work is a feature of parts of the labor market, the theoretical assumptions underpinning precarious work we argue should not be extrapolated to explain changes in job stability in the labor market at large." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The brave new world of unstable jobs hiding in plain sight: A reply to Murphy and Turner (2023)
Zitatform
St-Denis, Xavier (2023): The brave new world of unstable jobs hiding in plain sight: A reply to Murphy and Turner. In: The Journal of Industrial Relations, Jg. 65, H. 5, S. 717-733. DOI:10.1177/00221856231191259
Abstract
"The article Employment stability and decent work published in the Journal of Industrial Relations by Murphy and Turner presents evidence forming the basis of a claim that job instability has not increased in Ireland between 1998 and 2021. This contrasts with a rich literature in industrial relations and the sociology of work and organizations, which documents the fundamental transformation of employment relationships since the 1990s toward greater insecurity. In this response paper, I question the empirical foundations of Murphy and Turner's claims. Analyzing the same data set used in their study, I provide clear evidence that an increase in job instability consistent with the precarious work literature has been hiding in plain sight. I also engage with their efforts at theorizing the nature of the recent transformation of employment relationships in Ireland specifically, and in Liberal Market Economies more broadly. In doing so, I suggest research avenues that go beyond a polarized debate in whether or not job instability has increased in order to contribute to a more complex understanding of contemporary changes in career trajectories." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wage Differences between Atypical and Standard Workers in European Countries: Moving beyond Average Effects (2022)
Zitatform
Westhoff, Leonie (2022): Wage Differences between Atypical and Standard Workers in European Countries: Moving beyond Average Effects. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 38, H. 5, S. 770-784. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcac015
Abstract
"This article provides a detailed picture of wage differences between atypical and standard workers across the wage distribution. It compares two distinct types of atypical employment, part-time and temporary employment, and examines seven European countries. Using 2016 EU-SILC data, the article presents quantile regression estimates of wage gaps associated with atypical employment across the wage distribution. The results show that wage patterns associated with different types of atypical employment are diverse and complex. Temporary employment is associated with significant wage penalties that decrease but largely remain significant towards the upper end of the wage distribution. In contrast, wage differences between part-time and full-time workers are smaller and range from part-time penalties at lower deciles of the wage distribution to non-significant differences or premiums at the top. These results suggest that different mechanisms may drive wage differences associated with different types of atypical employment. In particular, the article highlights the role of occupation in affecting atypical workers’ labour market position and, consequently, wages relative to standard workers. Overall, the significant heterogeneity in atypical employment and its wage consequences calls into question the usefulness of the concept as a unifying category for research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Atypical work and unemployment protection in Europe (2021)
Zitatform
Xavier Jara, H. & Alberto Tumino (2021): Atypical work and unemployment protection in Europe. In: Journal of Common Market Studies, Jg. 59, H. 3, S. 535-555. DOI:10.1111/jcms.13099
Abstract
"This paper evaluates the degree of income protection the tax-benefit system provides to atypical workers in the event of unemployment. Our approach relies on simulating transitions from employment to unemployment for the entire workforce in EU member states to compare household financial circumstances before and after the transition. Our results show that coverage rates of unemployment insurance are low among atypical workers, who are also more exposed to the risk of poverty, both while in work and in unemployment. Low work intensity employees are characterized by high net replacement rates. However, this is due to the major role played by market incomes of other household members. Finally, we show that in countries where self-employed workers are not eligible for unemployment insurance benefits, extending the eligibility to this group of workers would increase their replacement rates and make them less likely to fall into poverty in the event of unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Low education, high job quality? Job autonomy and learning among workers without higher education in Scandinavia, the United Kingdom and Ireland (2020)
Zitatform
Aspøy, Tove Mogstad (2020): Low education, high job quality? Job autonomy and learning among workers without higher education in Scandinavia, the United Kingdom and Ireland. In: European Societies, Jg. 22, H. 2, S. 188-210. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2019.1660392
Abstract
"Most comparative studies of job autonomy and learning opportunities find that workers in Scandinavian countries are better off. Recent studies have challenged these findings, showing low job quality, particularly in the lower private service sector in the Scandinavian countries. The aim of this article is to examine whether the autonomous and learning-intensive working life of Scandinavia also applies to people without higher education. It explores if there is a gap in job autonomy and informal job learning between educational groups, and if this gap varies across the social democratic systems of Sweden, Norway and Denmark on the one hand, and the liberal systems of the United Kingdom and Ireland on the other. Drawing on quantitative micro-data from PIAAC (2011/2012), this article demonstrates that Scandinavians with no education above upper secondary school do experience greater job autonomy than their counterparts in the British Isles. Moreover, the gap between educational groups in terms of job autonomy is smaller in Scandinavia than it is in the liberal systems. Regarding informal learning opportunities, the relative disadvantage among workers without higher education seems to be associated with selection into occupations with few opportunities for informal job learning, in Scandinavia as well as the British Isles." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Disclosing 'masked employees' in Europe: job control, job demands and job outcomes of 'dependent self-employed workers' (2020)
Zitatform
Millán, Ana, José María Millán & Leonel Caçador-Rodrigues (2020): Disclosing 'masked employees' in Europe: job control, job demands and job outcomes of 'dependent self-employed workers'. In: Small business economics, Jg. 55, H. 2, S. 461-474. DOI:10.1007/s11187-019-00245-7
Abstract
"In this study, we examine whether job control, job demands and job outcomes of 'dependent self-employed workers', i.e. the workers in this particular grey zone between employment and self-employment, are more similar to those of the self-employed or paid employed. To this end, we use microdata drawn from the 2010 wave of the European Working Conditions Survey for 34 European countries. First, we develop and validate a psychometrically sound multidimensional scale for these 3 key constructs by conducting both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Then, multilevel (hierarchical) linear regressions are used to test the validity of our hypotheses. Our results suggest that these hybrid work relationships are endowed with the least favourable attributes of both groups: lower job control than self-employed workers, higher job demands than paid employees and, overall, worse job outcomes than both." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The role of the state in shaping zero hours work in an atypical liberal market economy (2020)
O'Sullivan, Michelle ; Gunnigle, Patrick ; Murphy, Caroline ; O'Brien, Mike ; Turner, Thomas ; Lavelle, Jonathan ; Ryan, Lorraine ; MacMahon, Juliet ;Zitatform
O'Sullivan, Michelle, Thomas Turner, Jonathan Lavelle, Juliet MacMahon, Caroline Murphy, Lorraine Ryan, Patrick Gunnigle & Mike O'Brien (2020): The role of the state in shaping zero hours work in an atypical liberal market economy. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 41, H. 3, S. 652-671. DOI:10.1177/0143831X17735181
Abstract
"Zero hours work typifies work where there are no guaranteed hours offered by the employer. This article examines the relationship between the state and the emergence of zero hours work in an atypical liberal market economy, Ireland. Based on interviews with informed stakeholders with a focus on four sectors - retail, health, education and accommodation/food - the article concludes that the actions of the state have created a weak regulatory environment that has facilitated the emergence of zero hours work. The findings are discussed with a theoretical frame using the concepts of accumulation and legitimation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The dynamism of the new economy: Non-standard employment and access to social security in EU-28 (2019)
Avlijaš, Sonja;Zitatform
Avlijaš, Sonja (2019): The dynamism of the new economy: Non-standard employment and access to social security in EU-28. (LEQS – LSE 'Europe in Question' Discussion Paper Series 141), London, 76 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines the prevalence of non-standard workers in EU-28, rules for accessing social security, and these workers' risk of not being able to access it. It focuses on temporary and part-time workers, and the self-employed, and offers a particularly detailed analysis of their access to unemployment benefits. It focuses on eligibility, adequacy (net income replacement rates) and identifies those workers which are at the greatest risk of either not receiving benefits or receiving low benefits. It offers a special overview of foreign non-standard workers, who may be particularly vulnerable due to the absence of citizenship in the host country. The paper also analyses access to maternity and sickness benefits for these three groups of workers, as well as their access to pensions. Its key contribution is in bringing together the different dimensions of disadvantage that non-standard workers face vis-à-vis access to social protection. This allows us to comprehensively assess the adaptation of national social security systems across EU-28 to the changing world of work over the past 10 years. The paper shows that there is a lot of variation between the Member States, both in the structure of their social security systems, as well as the prevalence of non-standard work. Most notably, the paper concludes that: i) access to unemployment benefits is the most challenging component of welfare state provision for people in non-standard employment; ii) policy reforms vis-à-vis access to social benefits have improved the status of non-standard workers in several countries, while they have worsened it in others, particularly in Bulgaria, Ireland and Latvia; iii) some Eastern European countries can offer lessons to other Member States due to their experiences with labour market challenges during transition and the subsequent adaptations of their social security systems to greater labour market flexibility. The paper also implies that a country's policy towards nonstandard work" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The structural determinants of the labor share in Europe (2019)
Dimova, Dilyana;Zitatform
Dimova, Dilyana (2019): The structural determinants of the labor share in Europe. (IMF working paper 2019,67), Washington, DC, 41 S.
Abstract
"The labor share in Europe has been on a downward trend. This paper finds that the decline is concentrated in manufacture and among low- to mid-skilled workers. The shifting nature of employment away from full-time jobs and a rollback of employment protection, unemployment benefits and unemployment benefits have been the main contributors. Technology and globalization hurt sectors where jobs are routinizable but helped others that require specialized skills. High-skilled professionals gained labor share driven by productivity aided by flexible work environments, while low- and mid-skilled workers lost labor share owing to globalization and the erosion of labor market safety nets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary employment at labour market entry in Europe: labour market dualism, transitions to secure employment and upward mobility (2019)
Zitatform
Passaretta, Giampiero & Maarten H. J. Wolbers (2019): Temporary employment at labour market entry in Europe. Labour market dualism, transitions to secure employment and upward mobility. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 40, H. 2, S. 382-408. DOI:10.1177/0143831X16652946
Abstract
"This article focuses on school-leavers who enter employment with a temporary contract in the European context, and examines their probabilities to shift to standard employment or unemployment, and their chances of occupational mobility afterwards. The authors argue that two institutional dimensions of insider - outsider segmentation drive the career progression after a flexible entry: the gap between the regulation of permanent and temporary contracts and the degree of unionization. The analyses show that a disproportionate protection of permanent compared to temporary contracts increases the probability of remaining on a fixed-term contract, whereas the degree of unionization slightly decreases the chance of moving to jobs with higher or lower socio-economic status. Finally, a shift to permanent employment after a fixed-term entry is more often associated with occupational upward mobility in strongly rather than weakly unionized labour markets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Modern working life: A blurring of the boundaries between secondary and primary labour markets? (2017)
Zitatform
Dekker, Fabian & Romke van der Veen (2017): Modern working life: A blurring of the boundaries between secondary and primary labour markets? In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 38, H. 2, S. 256-270. DOI:10.1177/0143831X14563946
Abstract
"Today, there is a widespread suggestion that permanent workers are increasingly subject to precarious working conditions. Due to international competition and declining union density, job qualities of permanent workers are assumed to be under strain. According to proponents of a democratization of risk rationale, low job qualities that were traditionally attached to secondary labour markets are transferred to workers in primary segments of the labour market. In this study, the authors test this theoretical rationale among workers in 11 Western European economies, using two waves of the European Working Conditions Survey. The results do not confirm a democratization of labour market risk. Lower job qualities are highly associated with flexible employment contracts and highlight a clear gap between insiders and outsiders." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do firms demand temporary workers when they face workload fluctuation?: cross-country firm-level evidence (2017)
Zitatform
Dräger, Vanessa & Paul Marx (2017): Do firms demand temporary workers when they face workload fluctuation? Cross-country firm-level evidence. In: ILR review, Jg. 70, H. 4, S. 942-975. DOI:10.1177/0019793916687718
Abstract
"The growth of temporary employment is one of the most important transformations of labor markets in the past decades. Theoretically, firms' exposure to short-term workload fluctuations is a major determinant of employing temporary workers when employment protection for permanent workers is high. The authors investigate this relationship empirically with establishment-level data in a broad comparative framework. They create two novel data sets by merging 1) data on 18,500 European firms with 2) measures of labor-market institutions for 20 countries. Results show that fluctuations increase the probability of hiring temporary workers by 8 percentage points in countries with strict employment protection laws. No such effect is observed in countries with weaker employment protections. Results are robust to subgroups, subsamples, and alternative estimation strategies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Recent developments in the Irish labour market: is it all good news? (2017)
Zitatform
Kelly, Elish & Alan Barrett (2017): Recent developments in the Irish labour market. Is it all good news? (IZA discussion paper 10541), Bonn, 22 S.
Abstract
"Across many countries, the rise of atypical work has been noted whereby employees are increasingly in less secure contractual situations. While this might lead to more flexible labour markets, there are potential downsides for individuals. We explore the prevalence of atypical work in Ireland which provides a fascinating case-study. Ireland experienced a dramatic deterioration in its labour market around the Great Recession with unemployment rising from 4.8 percent in 2007 to 15 percent in 2012. This situation was also reversed somewhat quickly with unemployment falling to 8 percent by 2016. Such dramatic swings provide the context in which we explore whether atypical work increased for new job holders with the onset of recession and whether or not this weakened as the economy recovered. We find that atypical work did increase with the recession and, although moderating, the likelihood of new jobs being atypical persisted into the recovery. This raises important questions about whether economic recovery alone will improve job quality, in addition to jobs numbers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Rolle befristeter Beschäftigung in Europa (2016)
Zitatform
Bachmann, Ronald & Julia Bredtmann (2016): Die Rolle befristeter Beschäftigung in Europa. In: Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik, Jg. 65, H. 3, S. 270-298. DOI:10.1515/zfwp-2016-0017
Abstract
"Befristete Verträge werden in vielen Ländern der Europäischen Union als Instrument, Arbeitsmärkte flexibel zu gestalten, eingesetzt. Ein internationaler Vergleich zeigt, dass die befristete Beschäftigung nur bedingt die Durchlässigkeit der Arbeitsmärkte unterstützt. Zwar erleichtert sie teilweise den Arbeitsmarktzugang, führt aber auch zu instabilen Beschäftigungsverhältnissen und segmentierten Arbeitsmärkten, die mit einer geringen Sprungbrettfunktion der befristeten Beschäftigung einhergehen. Um nachhaltige Beschäftigung zu schaffen, erscheinen Reformen des Kündigungsschutzes, die Übergange in reguläre Jobs erleichtern, sowie Investitionen in Aus- und Weiterbildung als sinnvolle Alternativen" (Autorenreferat, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Parenthood, child care, and nonstandard work schedules in Europe (2016)
Zitatform
Bünning, Mareike & Matthias Pollmann-Schult (2016): Parenthood, child care, and nonstandard work schedules in Europe. In: European Societies, Jg. 18, H. 4, S. 295-314. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2016.1153698
Abstract
"An increasing proportion of the European labor force works in the evening, at night or on weekends. Because nonstandard work schedules are associated with a number of negative outcomes for families and children, parents may seek to avoid such schedules. However, for parents with insufficient access to formal child care, working nonstandard hours or days may be an adaptive strategy used to manage child-care needs. It enables 'split-shift' parenting, where parents work alternate schedules, allowing one of the two to be at home looking after the children. This study examines the prevalence of nonstandard work schedules among parents and nonparents in 22 European countries. Specifically, we ask whether the provision of formal child care influences the extent to which parents of preschool-aged children work nonstandard schedules. Using data from the European Social Survey and multilevel models, we find evidence that the availability of formal child care reduces nonstandard work among parents. This indicates that access to formal child care enables parents to work standard schedules. To the extent that nonstandard work schedules are negatively associated with child wellbeing, access to formal child care protects children from the adverse effects of their parents' evening and night work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Hanging in, but only just: part-time employment and in-work poverty throughout the crisis (2016)
Zitatform
Horemans, Jeroen, Ive Marx & Brian Nolan (2016): Hanging in, but only just. Part-time employment and in-work poverty throughout the crisis. In: IZA journal of European Labor Studies, Jg. 5, S. 1-19. DOI:10.1186/s40174-016-0053-6
Abstract
"The crisis has deepened pre-existing concerns regarding low-wage and non-standard employment. Countries where unemployment increased most strongly during the crisis period also saw part-time employment increasing, particularly involuntary part-time work. With involuntary part-time workers, as a particular group of underemployed, facing especially high poverty rates, this was accompanied by an increase, on average, in the poverty risk associated with working part-time. However, this was not reflected in a marked increase in the overall in-work poverty rate because full-time work remains dominant and its poverty risk did not change markedly. The household context is of the essence when considering policy implications." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The structure of the permanent job wage premium: evidence from Europe (2016)
Zitatform
Kahn, Lawrence M. (2016): The structure of the permanent job wage premium. Evidence from Europe. In: Industrial relations, Jg. 55, H. 1, S. 149-178. DOI:10.1111/irel.12129
Abstract
"Using longitudinal data on individuals from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) for thirteen countries during 1995-2001, I investigate the wage premium for permanent jobs relative to temporary jobs. The countries are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom. I find that among men the wage premium for a permanent vs. temporary job is lower for older workers and native born workers; for women, the permanent job wage premium is lower for older workers and those with longer job tenure. Moreover, there is some evidence that among immigrant men, the permanent job premium is especially high for those who migrated from outside the European Union. These findings all suggest that the gain to promotion into permanent jobs is indeed higher for those with less experience in the domestic labor market. In contrast to the effects for the young and immigrants, the permanent job pay premium is slightly smaller on average for women than for men, even though on average women have less experience in the labor market than men do. It is possible that women even in permanent jobs are in segregated labor markets. But as noted, among women, the permanent job wage premium is higher for the young and those with less current tenure, suggesting that even in the female labor market, employers pay attention to experience differences." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Dualization or liberalization?: Investigating precarious work in eight European countries (2016)
Zitatform
Prosser, Thomas (2016): Dualization or liberalization? Investigating precarious work in eight European countries. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 30, H. 6, S. 949-965. DOI:10.1177/0950017015609036
Abstract
"A recent upsurge in the incidence of precarious work in Europe necessitates fresh examination of the origins of this trend. On the basis of field research in eight European countries and with reference to theories of liberalization and dualization, the factors that drive precarious work in discrete European labour markets are thus investigated. It is discovered that, while a structural-demographic factor such as non-compliance with labour law is a notable progenitor of precarious work, the deregulatory strategies of public authorities are particularly significant drivers. In conclusion it is asserted that although the theory of dualization helps explain developments in conservative-corporatist countries, in Anglophone and Mediterranean countries liberalization theory is generally more apposite. Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries emerge as a hybrid case." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Flexiblework and immigration in Europe (2015)
Zitatform
Raess, Damian & Brian Burgoon (2015): Flexiblework and immigration in Europe. In: BJIR, Jg. 53, H. 1, S. 94-111. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12022
Abstract
"Immigration has risen substantially in many European economies, with farreaching if still uncertain implications for labour markets and industrial relations. This article investigates such implications, focusing on employment flexibility, involving both 'external flexibility' (fixed-term or temporary agency and/or involuntary part-time work) and 'internal flexibility' (overtime and/or balancing-time accounts). The article identifies reasons why immigration should generally increase the incidence of such flexibility, and why external flexibility should rise more than internal flexibility. The article supports these claims using a dataset of establishments in 16 European countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
-
Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht