Atypische Beschäftigung
Vollzeit, unbefristet und fest angestellt - das typische Normalarbeitsverhältnis ist zwar immer noch die Regel. Doch arbeiten die Erwerbstätigen heute vermehrt auch befristet, in Teilzeit- und Minijobs, in Leiharbeitsverhältnissen oder als Solo-Selbständige. Was sind die Konsequenzen der zunehmenden Bedeutung atypischer Beschäftigungsformen für die Erwerbstätigen, die Arbeitslosen und die Betriebe? Welche Bedeutung haben sie für die sozialen Sicherungssysteme, das Beschäftigungsniveau und die Durchlässigkeit des Arbeitsmarktes? Die IAB-Infoplattform bietet Informationen zum Forschungsstand.
Zurück zur Übersicht- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
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Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary Contracts, Employment Trajectories and Dualisation: A Comparison of Norway and Sweden (2023)
Zitatform
Berglund, Tomas, Roy A. Nielsen, Olof Reichenberg & Jørgen Svalund (2023): Temporary Contracts, Employment Trajectories and Dualisation: A Comparison of Norway and Sweden. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 37, H. 2, S. 505-524. DOI:10.1177/09500170211031466
Abstract
"This study compares the labour market trajectories of the temporary employed in Norway with those in Sweden. Sweden’s employment protection legislation gap between the strict protection of permanent employment and the loose regulation of temporary employment has widened in recent decades, while Norway has maintained balanced and strict regulation of both employment types. The study asserts that the two countries differ concerning the distribution of trajectories, leading to permanent employment and trajectories that do not create firmer labour market attachment. Using sequence analysis to analyse two-year panels of the labour force survey for 1997–2011, several different trajectories are discerned in the two countries. The bridge trajectories dominate in Norway, while dead-end trajectories are more common in Sweden. Moreover, the bridge trajectories are selected to stronger categories (mid-aged and higher educated) in Sweden than in Norway. The results are discussed from the perspective of labour market dualisation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Precariousness in Norway and Sweden: a comparative register-based study of longstanding precarious attachment to the labour market 1996–2015 (2021)
Zitatform
Gauffin, Karl, Kristian Heggebø & Jon Ivar Elstad (2021): Precariousness in Norway and Sweden: a comparative register-based study of longstanding precarious attachment to the labour market 1996–2015. In: European Societies, Jg. 23, H. 3, S. 379-402. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2021.1882685
Abstract
"Precariousness in working life is a rising concern in Europe, but scant statistical evidence exists as to the prevalence and development of longstanding precarious employment. Using high-quality individual-level population-wide register data across several decades, this study addresses this issue in Norway and Sweden. Longstanding precarious attachment to the labour market was defined as low/marginal work income during eight years, with frequent substantial income drops and/or reliance on income maintenance schemes. In the core working-age population, 15.3 percent in Norway and 20.0 percent in Sweden had this employment attachment during 1996–2003. Women, low educated, and foreign-born were at higher risk. Contrary to expectations, in 2008–2015, longstanding precarious attachment had declined to 12.7 percent in Norway and 14.5 percent in Sweden. Women in particular, but also immigrants, had attained stronger labour market attachment in the latter period. These results could indicate that key welfare state elements such as trade union strength, strong employment protection and active labour market policies have been successful in shielding workers from negative labour market developments. However, certain population categories with particularly high risk of precarious employment, such as young adults and short-term and undocumented immigrants, have not been analysed by this study" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Low education, high job quality? Job autonomy and learning among workers without higher education in Scandinavia, the United Kingdom and Ireland (2020)
Zitatform
Aspøy, Tove Mogstad (2020): Low education, high job quality? Job autonomy and learning among workers without higher education in Scandinavia, the United Kingdom and Ireland. In: European Societies, Jg. 22, H. 2, S. 188-210. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2019.1660392
Abstract
"Most comparative studies of job autonomy and learning opportunities find that workers in Scandinavian countries are better off. Recent studies have challenged these findings, showing low job quality, particularly in the lower private service sector in the Scandinavian countries. The aim of this article is to examine whether the autonomous and learning-intensive working life of Scandinavia also applies to people without higher education. It explores if there is a gap in job autonomy and informal job learning between educational groups, and if this gap varies across the social democratic systems of Sweden, Norway and Denmark on the one hand, and the liberal systems of the United Kingdom and Ireland on the other. Drawing on quantitative micro-data from PIAAC (2011/2012), this article demonstrates that Scandinavians with no education above upper secondary school do experience greater job autonomy than their counterparts in the British Isles. Moreover, the gap between educational groups in terms of job autonomy is smaller in Scandinavia than it is in the liberal systems. Regarding informal learning opportunities, the relative disadvantage among workers without higher education seems to be associated with selection into occupations with few opportunities for informal job learning, in Scandinavia as well as the British Isles." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Disclosing 'masked employees' in Europe: job control, job demands and job outcomes of 'dependent self-employed workers' (2020)
Millán, Ana; Millán, José María; Caçador-Rodrigues, Leonel;Zitatform
Millán, Ana, José María Millán & Leonel Caçador-Rodrigues (2020): Disclosing 'masked employees' in Europe: job control, job demands and job outcomes of 'dependent self-employed workers'. In: Small business economics, Jg. 55, H. 2, S. 461-474. DOI:10.1007/s11187-019-00245-7
Abstract
"In this study, we examine whether job control, job demands and job outcomes of 'dependent self-employed workers', i.e. the workers in this particular grey zone between employment and self-employment, are more similar to those of the self-employed or paid employed. To this end, we use microdata drawn from the 2010 wave of the European Working Conditions Survey for 34 European countries. First, we develop and validate a psychometrically sound multidimensional scale for these 3 key constructs by conducting both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Then, multilevel (hierarchical) linear regressions are used to test the validity of our hypotheses. Our results suggest that these hybrid work relationships are endowed with the least favourable attributes of both groups: lower job control than self-employed workers, higher job demands than paid employees and, overall, worse job outcomes than both." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Part-time employment as a way to increase women's employment: (Where) does it work? (2019)
Zitatform
Barbieri, Paolo, Giorgio Cutuli, Raffaele Guetto & Stefani Scherer (2019): Part-time employment as a way to increase women's employment: (Where) does it work? In: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Jg. 60, H. 4, S. 249-268. DOI:10.1177/0020715219849463
Abstract
"Part-time employment has repeatedly been proposed as a solution for integrating women into the labor market; however, empirical evidence supporting a causal link is mixed. In this text, we investigate the extent to which increasing part-time employment is a valid means of augmenting women's labor market participation. We pay particular attention to the institutional context and the related characteristics of part-time employment in European countries to test the conditions under which this solution is a viable option. The results reveal that part-time employment may strengthen female employment in Continental Europe and especially in Southern Europe, where an increase in part-time employment - even if it is demand-side driven - leads to greater employment participation among women. We also discuss some policy implications and trade-offs: Although part-time work can lead to higher numbers of employed women, it does so at the cost of increasing gendered labor market segregation. We analyze data from the European Labor Force Survey (EU-LFS) 1992 - 2011 for 19 countries and 188 regions and exploit regional variation over time while controlling for time-constant regional characteristics, time-varying regional labor market features, and (time-varying) confounding factors at the national level." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary employment at labour market entry in Europe: labour market dualism, transitions to secure employment and upward mobility (2019)
Zitatform
Passaretta, Giampiero & Maarten H. J. Wolbers (2019): Temporary employment at labour market entry in Europe. Labour market dualism, transitions to secure employment and upward mobility. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 40, H. 2, S. 382-408. DOI:10.1177/0143831X16652946
Abstract
"This article focuses on school-leavers who enter employment with a temporary contract in the European context, and examines their probabilities to shift to standard employment or unemployment, and their chances of occupational mobility afterwards. The authors argue that two institutional dimensions of insider - outsider segmentation drive the career progression after a flexible entry: the gap between the regulation of permanent and temporary contracts and the degree of unionization. The analyses show that a disproportionate protection of permanent compared to temporary contracts increases the probability of remaining on a fixed-term contract, whereas the degree of unionization slightly decreases the chance of moving to jobs with higher or lower socio-economic status. Finally, a shift to permanent employment after a fixed-term entry is more often associated with occupational upward mobility in strongly rather than weakly unionized labour markets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fragmentierte Belegschaften: Leiharbeit, Informalität und Soloselbständigkeit in globaler Perspektive (2017)
Holst, Hajo; Manske, Alexandra; Matuschek, Ingo; Ludwig, Carmen; Tomadoni, Claudia; Berti, Natalia; Holzschuh, Madeleine; Håkansson, Kristina; Niehoff, Steffen; Holst, Hajo; Nowak, Jörg; Isidorsson, Tommy; Pernicka, Susanne; Webster, Edward; Pulignano, Valeria ; Hefler, Günter; Reichel, Astrid; Jordhus-Lier, David; Schmalz, Stefan; Holzschuh, Madeleine; Singe, Ingo; Brunsen, Hendrik; Sittel, Johanna;Zitatform
Holst, Hajo (Hrsg.) (2017): Fragmentierte Belegschaften. Leiharbeit, Informalität und Soloselbständigkeit in globaler Perspektive. (International labour studies 12), Frankfurt: Campus-Verl., 308 S.
Abstract
"Leiharbeit, Informalität und Soloselbständigkeit sind auf dem Vormarsch - und dies nicht nur in Deutschland. Rund um den Globus greifen Unternehmen auf Outsourcing zurück und setzen externe Arbeitskräfte ein, um Kosten zu reduzieren und langfristige Bindungen zu vermeiden, aber auch um spezifisches Know-how einzukaufen. Anhand dichter empirischer Studien beleuchten die Beiträge die entsprechenden Managementpraktiken, den Arbeitsalltag der Beschäftigten und die Reaktionen der Interessenvertretungen. Dabei nehmen sie neben der Automobilindustrie, der Logistikbranche und der Kreativwirtschaft auch die verschiedenen Arbeitsgesellschaften des Globalen Nordens und Südens in den Blick." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Hajo Holst: Fragmentierte Belegschaften: Problemaufriss und Übersicht (9-30);
I. Externalisierung, Leiharbeit und Informalität in der Industrie
Hajo Holst, Hendrik Brunsen, Ingo Matuschek, Steffen Niehoff: Zwei Logiken der Externalisierung - Fragmentierte Arbeit in der Forschung & Entwicklung der Automobilindustrie (33-67);
Stefan Schmalz Natalia Berti, Madeleine Holzschuh, Johanna Sittel, Claudia Tomadoni: Unsicherheit als Alltagserfahrung: Abgestufte Beschäftigungshierarchien im Wertschöpfungssystem Automobil in Argentinien (69-97);
Kristina Hakansson, Tommy Isidorsson: Flexibilität und Unsicherheit: Leiharbeit in Schweden (99-115);
Jörg Nowak: Streiks und Arbeiterunruhen in der indischen Autoindustrie: Konflikte bei Maruti Suzuki India Limited 2011/2012 (117-141);
Valeria Pulignano: Atypische Beschäftigung und Fragmentierung des Arbeitsmarktes in Italien - "Karussell der Prekarität"? (143-161);
II. Outsourcing, freie Mitarbeiter/innen und Befristungen im Dienstleistungssektor
Hajo Holst, Ingo Singe: Arbeiten in Parallelwelten - Externalisierung und Informalisierung von Arbeit in der Paketzustellung (165-190);
Alexandra Manske, Hendrik Brunsen: Informelle Beziehungen als Flexibilitätsressource auf Projektarbeitsmärkten: Zur Sozialordnung einer Designagentur (191-215);
Carmen Ludwig, Edward Webster: Zwischen inklusiver und exldusiver Solidarität: Die Fragmentierung kommunaler Beschäftigung in Johannesburg (217-244);
David Jordhus-Lier: Flexibilisierung als Fragmentierung: Der Kampf gegen Outsourcing im norwegischen Hotelsektor (245-267);
Susanne Pernicka, Astrid Reichel, Günter Hefter: Wissenschaftskarrieren an österreichischen Universitäten: Zur Bedeutung von neuen Steuerungsmodellen, institutionalisierten Leitbildern und Praktiken (269-301). -
Literaturhinweis
Parenthood, child care, and nonstandard work schedules in Europe (2016)
Zitatform
Bünning, Mareike & Matthias Pollmann-Schult (2016): Parenthood, child care, and nonstandard work schedules in Europe. In: European Societies, Jg. 18, H. 4, S. 295-314. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2016.1153698
Abstract
"An increasing proportion of the European labor force works in the evening, at night or on weekends. Because nonstandard work schedules are associated with a number of negative outcomes for families and children, parents may seek to avoid such schedules. However, for parents with insufficient access to formal child care, working nonstandard hours or days may be an adaptive strategy used to manage child-care needs. It enables 'split-shift' parenting, where parents work alternate schedules, allowing one of the two to be at home looking after the children. This study examines the prevalence of nonstandard work schedules among parents and nonparents in 22 European countries. Specifically, we ask whether the provision of formal child care influences the extent to which parents of preschool-aged children work nonstandard schedules. Using data from the European Social Survey and multilevel models, we find evidence that the availability of formal child care reduces nonstandard work among parents. This indicates that access to formal child care enables parents to work standard schedules. To the extent that nonstandard work schedules are negatively associated with child wellbeing, access to formal child care protects children from the adverse effects of their parents' evening and night work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Offshoring of jobs and internationalisation of production: empirical investigations of labour market and welfare state effects in Denmark and the Nordic countries (2014)
Zitatform
Refslund, Bjarke & Jørgen Goul Andersen (2014): Offshoring of jobs and internationalisation of production. Empirical investigations of labour market and welfare state effects in Denmark and the Nordic countries. (CCWS working paper 84), Aalborg, 73 S.
Abstract
"This research report seeks to assess the impact of globalization on the labour market and the welfare state in the Nordic countries, with a special emphasis on Denmark. Our key interest is the impact on employment and employment structures: How many jobs are lost because they are moved out of the country? To what extent are these jobs replaced by new jobs? How are the new job positions as compared to the old ones? Needless to say, the answers to these questions have important implications for the labour market, for industrial relations, and for the welfare state in general." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fixed-term contracts, economic conjuncture, and training opportunities: a comparative analysis across European labour markets (2013)
Zitatform
Cutuli, Giorgio & Raffaele Guetto (2013): Fixed-term contracts, economic conjuncture, and training opportunities. A comparative analysis across European labour markets. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 29, H. 3, S. 616-629. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcs011
Abstract
"Our work aims to bring together two research fields: the debate concerning different labour market flexibilization strategies and the determinants of training chances. The purpose of our work is therefore to assess the trade-off between temporary employment and training opportunities in a comparative analysis of three groups of countries characterized by different levels of labour market segmentation and training coverage. Particular attention is paid to the impact of the 2008 economic downturn in shaping training opportunities for contingent workers. Our research questions are investigated using three pooled rounds of the European Social Survey (2004, 2006, and 2008). While regression analyses partially confirm the negative effects of fixed-term contracts (FTCs) on training opportunities, a counterfactual analysis shows a retrenchment in training provisions among temporary workers only in strongly segmented labour markets, where FTCs constitute a more homogeneous marginal group, highly stratified in terms of age, gender, unemployment experience, and social class." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Capacities and vulnerabilities in precarious work: the perspective of employees in European low wage work. Synthesis report on employees' experiences and work trajectories for Workpackage 7 of the walqing project (2012)
Hohnen, Pernille;Zitatform
Hohnen, Pernille (2012): Capacities and vulnerabilities in precarious work. The perspective of employees in European low wage work. Synthesis report on employees' experiences and work trajectories for Workpackage 7 of the walqing project. Wien, 174 S.
Abstract
"The report discusses work and life quality in new and growing jobs from an individual perspective. The empirical data on which the analysis is based consists of 22 country reports investigating elderly care, cleaning, catering, waste collection and construction in 11 different countries (4-5 countries per sector, see the matrix table below). Each country report is based on 20-25 individual semi-structured interviews with employees working in the selected sector and business functions.
The report consists of this introduction, five chapters, each focusing on one sector, and a conclusion. The chapters follow the same structure by starting with a brief introduction of the main characteristics of work in the sector. The remaining part of each chapter is organized into four sections. The first concentrates on workers' perceptions of the main quality of work and life issues. Then follows a section on agency, career trajectories and career options. The next section examines vulnerability in work and processes of vulnerabilization in the sector. Finally, the last section discusses workers' aspirations and capacities to aspire, followed by a summary and conclusion. The last concluding chapter discusses cross-sector findings in terms of the impact of new and growing jobs on individual lives, and highlights some trends in the present labour market and their possible implications for vulnerability." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Part-time work and gender: Worker versus job explanations (2012)
Kjeldstad, Randi; Nymoen, Erik H.;Zitatform
Kjeldstad, Randi & Erik H. Nymoen (2012): Part-time work and gender: Worker versus job explanations. In: International Labour Review, Jg. 151, H. 1/2, S. 85-107. DOI:10.1111/j.1564-913X.2012.00136.x
Abstract
"This article draws on Norwegian Labour Force Survey data to investigate the worker and job characteristics of different types of part-time employment and their patterns of gendering. The most prevalent and female-dominated type is voluntary long part-time work, reflecting employer adjustment to women's working-time preferences. Voluntary short part-time work is significantly less gendered, typically representing marginal labour force affiliation, combined with education or gradual retirement, which employers use for flexibility in low-skilled service and care industries. Involuntary part-time employment is strongly associated with secondary labour market characteristics (temporary contracts, 'non-Western' citizenship) and affects women to a greater extent than men." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The European world of temporary employment (2012)
Lancker, Wim Van;Zitatform
Lancker, Wim Van (2012): The European world of temporary employment. In: European Societies, Jg. 14, H. 1, S. 83-111. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2011.638082
Abstract
"Departing from growing concerns about in-work poverty and the proliferation of flexible employment, we investigate the association between temporary employment and poverty in a European comparative perspective. In doing so, we focus specifically on possible gender dimensions, because some are concerned that the impact of flexible employment on income security will be different for men and women and that gender inequality will increase. By means of a logistic multilevel model, we analyse recent EU-SILC data for 24 European countries. The results show that the temporarily employed have a higher poverty risk vis-à-vis permanent workers, mainly caused by lower wages. However, the risk factors to become working poor are similar. The poorly educated, young workers and those living in a single earner household with dependent children have an increased probability to live in poverty, whether they are employed on temporary or permanent basis. Differences between European welfare regimes demonstrate that policy constellations influence the magnitude of these risk factors. Counter-intuitively, temporary working women have a lower poverty risk than their male counterparts. They are better protected because they are more often secondary earners in a dual earning household, while men are more often primary earners. This article advances knowledge on the linkages between temporary employment, economic insecurity and gender differences in European welfare states." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A case study of temporary work agencies in the Norwegian construction sector: a growing informal market beyond regulation? (2012)
Ødegård, Anne Mette; Alsos, Kristin; Berge, Øyvind;Zitatform
Ødegård, Anne Mette, Øyvind Berge & Kristin Alsos (2012): A case study of temporary work agencies in the Norwegian construction sector. A growing informal market beyond regulation? In: Transfer, Jg. 18, H. 4, S. 461-470. DOI:10.1177/1024258912458875
Abstract
"Die Zeitarbeitsbranche in Norwegen ist vielfältig und wächst. Seit den EU-Erweiterungen von 2004 und 2007 ist es in diesem Sektor auch zu einem großen Zustrom von Arbeitskräften aus den neuen EU-Mitgliedstaaten gekommen, die meist im Baugewerbe arbeiten. Dies hat dazu geführt, dass informelle Geschäftspraktiken und Schwarzarbeit in der Zeitarbeitsbranche zugenommen haben. Dieser Beitrag zeigt einige Folgen dieser Entwicklung auf und befasst sich mit den Auswirkungen der verschiedenen nationalen Regelungen in diesem Sektor sowie mit der Frage, ob die neuen EU-Rechtsvorschriften, d.h. die EU-Richtlinie über Leiharbeit, die Situation verbessern könnte." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku
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Literaturhinweis
Dual support in contract workers' triangular employment relationships (2010)
Buch, Robert; Dysvik, Anders; Kuvaas, Bård;Zitatform
Buch, Robert, Bård Kuvaas & Anders Dysvik (2010): Dual support in contract workers' triangular employment relationships. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 77, H. 1, S. 93-103. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2010.02.009
Abstract
"This study investigated the interplay between perceived investment in contract worker development by the client organization and contract workers' perceived organizational support from their temporary employment agency. A study among 2021 contract workers from three temporary employment agencies in Norway showed that the relationships between perceived investment in contract worker development and task and contextual performance were moderated by contract workers' perceived organizational support from the agency. The form of the moderations revealed no positive relationships between perceived investment in contract worker development and performance unless the perceived investment by the client organization was accompanied by higher levels of perceived support from the temporary employment agency. These findings suggest that client organizations, which hire from temporary employment agencies that provide support to their contract workers, will get the most out of their investments in these contract workers' development." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The part-time wage gap in Norway: how large is it really ? (2006)
Hardoy, Ines; Schøne, Pål;Zitatform
Hardoy, Ines & Pål Schøne (2006): The part-time wage gap in Norway. How large is it really ? In: British Journal of Industrial Relations, Jg. 44, H. 2, S. 263-282. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8543.2006.00497.x
Abstract
"Norwegian working-life legislation has strict rules against discrimination between full-time and part-time work. Partly as a consequence of this, a large proportion of Norwegian women work part-time. The purpose of this paper is to establish whether there are systematic differences between part-time and fulltime workers regarding the selection process and earnings capacity. We find wage differences between part-time and full-time workers are small in Norway, and there is no evidence of systematic selection bias. The results may be explained by some features of the Norwegian labour market, including, equal rights for part-time workers, strict rules against the discrimination of parttime workers, and a generous family policy enabling women to combine work and family life." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Non-standard work in two different employment regimes: Norway and the United States (2004)
Olsen, Karen M.; Kalleberg, Arne L.;Zitatform
Olsen, Karen M. & Arne L. Kalleberg (2004): Non-standard work in two different employment regimes. Norway and the United States. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 18, H. 2, S. 321-348. DOI:10.1177/09500172004042772
Abstract
"This article examines organizations' use of non-standard work arrangements - fixed-term employees hired directly by the organization, workers from temporary help agencies (THA), and contractors - in the United States and Norway. Our analysis is based on information obtained from surveys of 802 establishments in the US and 2130 in Norway. We find that Norwegian establishments make greater use of non-standard arrangements than the US establishments; we argue that this is due in part to the greater overall restrictive labour market regulations on hiring and firing regular workers, and greater demand for temporary labour resulting from generous access to leaves of absence, in Norway. We also find that certain institutional factors have a similar impact in both countries. First, establishments in the public sector are more likely to use direct-hired temporary workers and less apt to use contractors and THAs; this pattern is particularly striking in Norway, but is also evident in the United States. Second, highly unionized establishments tend to have the lowest use of non-standard arrangements in both countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Survey of legislation on temporary agency work (2000)
Clauwaert, Stefan;Zitatform
Clauwaert, Stefan (2000): Survey of legislation on temporary agency work. Brüssel, 127 S.
Abstract
Temporary work is on the increase throughout the EU. According to a study conducted for the International Confederation of Temporary Work Businesses1, 6.5 million persons gain work experience through temporary work agencies each year. This is a daily average of 1.7 million persons a day. On a country by country basis, the UK leads the EU market followed by France, The Netherlands and Germany. These four countries together account for 90% of all temporary workers assigned through temporary work agencies in the EU.
The present survey endeavours to give an overview of the legislative situation in the EU Member States, Norway and the Czech Republic in relation to temporary agency work (travail intérimaire), which is characterized by the triangular relationship between temporary work agency, temporary worker and user enterprise. A distinction must be made between this employment relationship and other forms of atypical work, which are often dealt with under the broad term of temporary work such as: fixed-term contracts, placement of workers, casual work, sub-contracting, and situations whereby an employer lends out some of his workers to another employer. It also must be mentioned that this survey does not deal with the activities of public employment services (so-called "non-profit agency work"), nor does it cover a description of the working conditions of the workers engaged as fixed-term or permanent staff to work in the agency itself. As far as possible, this survey also contains information on the content of so-called "self-regulation", i.e. codes established by federations organizing the employment agencies in the country concerned.
The present survey has been conducted mainly in the light of the social dialogue on fixed term contracts between ETUC, UNICE and CEEP and will form an essential background paper for any forthcoming negotiations between those partners on this specific issue. The information contained in the survey has been drawn from two major sources. Firstly, relevant literature (for a full list see the bibliography in the annex) and, secondly, the replies to the ETUC questionnaire on temporary work, which was sent to all of the ETUC affiliated organizations and to the ETUC trade union legal experts network, NETLEX in November 1997.2 Thirdly, the author would like to thank the European Metalworkers' Federation of the ETUC for allowing him insight into the results of their own inquiry on this issue amongst their affiliates.
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
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Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht