Arbeitsmarktpolitik für Ältere
Die Förderung der Beschäftigung Älterer steht wieder auf der politischen Agenda. Wir benötigten angesichts des demografischen Wandels eine Arbeitsmarktpolitik, die der Arbeitskräfteknappheit in den Betrieben entgegenwirkt.
Das Themendossier geht auf die arbeitsmarkt- und beschäftigungspolitischen Aspekte der Entwicklung des Arbeitsmarktes für Ältere ein.
- Erwerbstätigkeit und Arbeitslosigkeit Älterer
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Arbeitsmarkt- und beschäftigungspolitische Maßnahmen
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Initiativen und Kampagnen gegen Altersdiskriminierung
- Vermittlung und Beratung, Coaching
- Arbeitsbedingungen und Gesundheitsschutz
- Qualifizierung
- Subventionierung von Beschäftigung
- Lohnersatzleistungen, Bürgergeld, Arbeitslosengeld I und II
- Berufsausstieg, Übergang in Rente
- Arbeits- und Sozialrecht
- geografischer Bezug
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Literaturhinweis
Peer Effects in Old‑Age Employment Among Women (2025)
Badalyan, Sona;Zitatform
Badalyan, Sona (2025): Peer Effects in Old‑Age Employment Among Women. (IAB-Discussion Paper 13/2025), Nürnberg, 72 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.DP.2513
Abstract
"Dieses Papier nutzt eine einzigartige Situation des Normenwandels – eine deutsche Rentenreform, die das Renteneintrittsalter für Frauen und Männer angleichen sollte –, um zu untersuchen, wie Beschäftigung im höheren Alter über Arbeitsplatznetzwerke weitergegeben wird. Die Reform erhöhte das früheste Renteneintrittsalter von Frauen von 60 auf 63 Jahre für Kohorten, die ab 1952 geboren wurden. Unter Verwendung des Universums der Arbeitsgruppen aus den Sozialversicherungsdaten vergleiche ich Frauen, deren Kolleginnen knapp über oder unter der Reformgrenze lagen. Ich finde, dass Frauen eher im höheren Alter erwerbstätig bleiben, wenn ihre Kolleginnen dies tun, wobei die Effekte in den Regionen des ehemaligen Westdeutschlands mit traditionellen Geschlechternormen stärker ausfallen. Geschlechtsneutrale Rentenreformen verstärken somit ihren Effekt über den Einfluss von Kolleginnen und tragen zu einer regionalen Angleichung der Beschäftigungsmuster im späten Erwerbsleben bei." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Badalyan, Sona; -
Literaturhinweis
Retirement Age Reforms and Worker Substitutability: Implications for Employment of Older Workers (2025)
Badalyan, Sona;Zitatform
Badalyan, Sona (2025): Retirement Age Reforms and Worker Substitutability: Implications for Employment of Older Workers. (IAB-Discussion Paper 14/2025), Nürnberg, 89 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.DP.2514
Abstract
"Dieses Papier untersucht, wie arbeitsnachfrageseitige Faktoren - insbesondere die Ersetzbarkeit von Arbeitskräften und berufsspezifische Fähigkeiten - die Beschäftigungsreaktionen auf eine Anhebung des frühestmöglichen Rentenalters beeinflussen. Mithilfe eines Regression‑Discontinuity‑Designs analysiere ich eine Reform in Deutschland im Jahr 1999, die die Möglichkeit für Frauen abschaffte, bereits mit 60 Jahren in Rente zu gehen. Vor der Reform konnten ältere Beschäftigte freiwillig aus dem Erwerbsleben ausscheiden, was den Unternehmen Fluktuationskosten verursachte. Nach der Reform waren Betriebe besser in der Lage, schwer ersetzbare Arbeitskräfte mit höheren Austrittskosten zu halten. Gleichzeitig verschlechterte sich durch den Wegfall des vorgezogenen Rentenzugangs die Verhandlungsposition der Beschäftigten, was es den Unternehmen ermöglichte, niedrigere Löhne durchzusetzen – häufig in Form von Altersteilzeit." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Badalyan, Sona; -
Literaturhinweis
Keeping older workers in the labour force (2025)
Eiffe, Franz Ferdinand; Weber, Tina; Fric, Karel ; Adăscăliței, Dragoș ; Muller, Jessye; Contreras, Ricardo Rodriguez;Zitatform
Eiffe, Franz Ferdinand, Dragoș Adăscăliței, Karel Fric, Jessye Muller, Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras & Tina Weber (2025): Keeping older workers in the labour force. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Dublin, 77 S. DOI:10.2806/4361116
Abstract
"Europe’s population is ageing and has experienced natural decline since 2014, cushioned only by net migration. The working-age population is shrinking as the number of older individuals grows, a trend expected to continue with the retirement of the baby boom generation. This shift presents challenges for policymakers in relation to employment, living standards and welfare sustainability across EU Member States. This report aims to answer the question of how to keep older workers in employment as long as possible. It provides a comprehensive analysis of employment developments. It examines job quality differences across various age groups and analyses differences in job quality within the group of older workers. The report also explores the push and pull factors influencing employment trends across Europe and delves into the policies and practices implemented by Member States to keep older workers in the workforce. It highlights the critical role of social partners in shaping these outcomes and, finally, provides general pointers for policymakers to consider." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Älterenbeschäftigungsquoten bis 2030 (2025)
Zitatform
Horvath, Thomas, Helmut Mahringer & Christine Mayrhuber (2025): Älterenbeschäftigungsquoten bis 2030. (WIFO Research Briefs 2025,11), Wien, 11 S.
Abstract
"Das Älterenbeschäftigungspaket der Bundesregierung zielt darauf ab, bis 2030 durch eine Erhöhung der Beschäftigungsquote älterer Erwerbspersonen maßgeblich zur Budgetkonsolidierung beizutragen. Die durchgeführten Simulationen mit microDEMS zeigen, dass sich der Anteil der aktiv Beschäftigten in der Altersgruppe der 60- bis 64-jährigen Frauen ohne die geplanten Maßnahmen nahezu verdoppelt und im Jahr 2030 bei 39,9% liegen würde. Bei den Männern dieser Altersgruppe sollte der Anstieg 2,5 Prozentpunkte auf 48,1% betragen. Die angestrebte Kostendämpfung im Pensionsbereich in Höhe von 2,7 Mrd. € bis 2030 setzt allerdings höhere Steigerungen der Beschäftigungsquoten in dieser Altersgruppe voraus als berechnet und erfordert eine konsequente Umsetzung der vorgesehenen arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Labor Force Transitions at Older Ages: Burnout, Recovery, and Reverse Retirement (2025)
Zitatform
Jacobs, Lindsay & Suphanit Piyapromdee (2025): Labor Force Transitions at Older Ages: Burnout, Recovery, and Reverse Retirement. (CEPR discussion paper / Centre for Economic Policy Research 20616), London, 54 S.
Abstract
"Partial and reverse retirement are two key behaviors characterizing labor force dynamics for individuals at older ages, with half working part-time and over a third leaving and later re-entering the labor force at some point. The high rate of exit and re-entry is especially puzzling when considering the flat and declining wage profiles observed at older ages and uncertainty about future re-employment. Using Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data, we document the timing and prevalence of these behaviors and show that reverse retirees resemble permanent retirees across many observables, but differ notably in reported job stress and polygenic scores linked to stress sensitivity. To understand what drives these behaviors, we develop and estimate a dynamic model of retirement that incorporates uncertainty in wages and health, along with a novel “burnout-recovery” process representing the accumulation and dissipation of work-related stress. The model replicates key patterns in the data, accounting for over two-thirds of reverse retirement and 40 percent of transitions to part-time work—patterns that cannot be explained by health or wealth shocks alone. Our findings suggest that reverse retirement is largely a predictable response to recoverable stress rather than a reaction to shocks. Policy simulations show that part-time subsidies and sabbaticals enhance labor force attachment and welfare by reducing burnout, while eliminating the Retirement Earnings Test raises re-entry but also increases stress exposure. Together, these findings highlight the central role of stress dynamics in shaping retirement behavior and inform the design of policies to support work at older ages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Partial retirement opportunities and the labor supply of older individuals (2025)
Zitatform
Kantarcı, Tunga, Jim Been, Arthur van Soest & Daniël van Vuuren (2025): Partial retirement opportunities and the labor supply of older individuals. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 96. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102739
Abstract
"We evaluate partial retirement options as an instrument to increase labor participation among older individuals. In a stated choice experiment, Dutch survey respondents were asked to choose among early, late and partial retirement scenarios purged from restrictions on part-time work and gradual retirement. Retirement scenario characteristics were randomized, generating rich variation in the choice options. The stated choices are validated using revealed preference data on (planned) retirement decisions. Using the stated choice data, we estimate a model that makes the trade-offs between leisure and income over the life cycle explicit, and use the estimated model for counterfactual policy simulations. We find that, as expected, higher (full) pension eligibility ages make actuarially fair (abrupt) early retirement more attractive and make late retirement less attractive, while about one in three respondents prefer partial retirement irrespective of the eligibility age. Early retirement becomes more attractive than late retirement when individuals do not have the partial retirement option. Moreover, the partial retirement decision is sensitive to financial incentives so that subsidizing partial retirement with higher wages or with more than actuarially fair pension increases for delaying retirement increases total labor supply. These findings demonstrate the potential of partial retirement as a policy instrument to stimulate labor participation, especially when pension eligibility is delayed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
For older and poorer: the implications of self-employment among individuals over 50 (2025)
Zitatform
Patel, Pankaj C. (2025): For older and poorer: the implications of self-employment among individuals over 50. In: Applied Economics, S. 1-19. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2025.2464818
Abstract
"Drawing on human capital theory and analysing data from the American Community Survey and Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we examine how economic policies influence late-career entrepreneurship. We find that older, economically vulnerable individuals are increasingly pushed into self-employment, often as a necessity rather than an opportunity. The association persists even when controlling for economic shocks and individual fixed effects. Notably, state-level policies such as minimum wage increases and Medicaid expansion show limited efficacy in altering these patterns or improving outcomes for this demographic. Our findings underscore the inadequacy of current broad-based economic policies in addressing the unique challenges faced by older workers in an evolving labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Breaking the Implicit Contract: Using Pension Freezes to Study Lifetime Labor Supply (2025)
Patki, Dhiren;Zitatform
Patki, Dhiren (2025): Breaking the Implicit Contract: Using Pension Freezes to Study Lifetime Labor Supply. In: Journal of Political Economy Macroeconomics, Jg. 3, H. 3, S. 305-342. DOI:10.1086/736925
Abstract
"This paper studies the elimination of defined benefit pensions and subsequent adoption of 401(k) plans by U.S. employers. Using matched employer-employee data linked to thousands of firm-level retirement plan changes, it shows that unexpected losses in future compensation engendered by pensions plan transitions induce premature retirement for some workers and delayed retirement for others. Heterogeneity in retirement behavior stems from differences in the relative strength of substitution and wealth effects. Exploiting treatment effects as estimation targets, it fits a model of retirement and uses the model to quantify welfare costs and labor supply effects of changes in workplace penstion structure." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitslosenversicherung: Einheitliche Bezugsdauer spart Milliarden (2025)
Schäfer, Holger; Seele, Stefanie;Zitatform
Schäfer, Holger & Stefanie Seele (2025): Arbeitslosenversicherung: Einheitliche Bezugsdauer spart Milliarden. (IW-Kurzberichte / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln 2025,63), Köln, 3 S.
Abstract
"Die verlängerte Bezugsdauer von Arbeitslosengeld für Ältere führt zu einer längeren Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit. Eine Vereinheitlichung auf 12 Monate ist gerecht, könnte den Haushalt der Bundesagentur für Arbeit um über 2 Milliarden Euro entlasten und schafft einen Anreiz, bis zur Regelaltersgrenze am Arbeitsmarkt aktiv zu bleiben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Flexible Übergänge in den Ruhestand: Verbreitung und Ausgestaltung von Altersteilzeit und Zeitwertkonten (2025)
Zitatform
Wanger, Susanne (2025): Flexible Übergänge in den Ruhestand: Verbreitung und Ausgestaltung von Altersteilzeit und Zeitwertkonten. (IAB-Forschungsbericht 24/2025), Nürnberg, 57 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FB.2524
Abstract
"Der demografische Wandel führt zu einer Schrumpfung und Alterung des Erwerbspersonenpotenzials. Daher wird es für Betriebe zunehmend wichtiger, gut qualifiziertes Personal möglichst lange zu halten. Vor diesem Hintergrund gewinnt die Erwerbsbeteiligung älterer Personen an Bedeutung, insbesondere die Frage, unter welchen Rahmenbedingungen deren Beschäftigungsfähigkeit möglichst lange erhalten und gefördert werden kann. Gleitende Übergänge in den Ruhestand, wie sie durch Altersteilzeit oder Langzeitkonten ermöglicht werden, können hierzu einen wertvollen Beitrag leisten. Dieser Forschungsbericht bietet einen umfassenden Überblick über die Gestaltung, Verbreitung und Nutzung dieser Regelungen. Anhand von Daten der IAB-Beschäftigtenhistorik wird zunächst die Entwicklung der Altersteilzeit analysiert. Dabei werden regionale und geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede sowie Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Inanspruchnahme nach Berufen, Belastungen, Betriebsgröße oder Branche beleuchtet. Zudem werden das Zu- und Abgangsalter der Altersteilzeitbeschäftigten, die Dauer der Altersteilzeit, das gewählte Arbeitszeitmodell und ausgeübte Nebentätigkeiten während dieser Phase berücksichtigt. Ende 2023 waren knapp 300.000 sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigte in Altersteilzeit tätig, was einer Nutzungsquote von rund 4 Prozent innerhalb der anspruchsberechtigten Altersgruppe der 55- bis 65-Jährigen entspricht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Altersteilzeit weiterhin häufig zur Verkürzung der Lebensarbeitszeit genutzt wird. So liegt das Zugangsalter zur Rente bei Altersteilzeitbeschäftigten deutlich niedriger als bei allen Versicherten. Aufgrund der starken Nutzung des sogenannten Blockmodells (80 %) erfolgt der tatsächliche Erwerbsausstieg nochmals früher. Zudem schließen Männer häufiger Altersteilzeitvereinbarungen ab als Frauen, da sie in der Regel mehr verdienen und seltener in Teilzeit arbeiten. Zusammenfassend lässt sich festhalten, dass die Altersteilzeit für Beschäftigte weiterhin in erster Linie dazu dient, über das Blockmodell früher aus dem Erwerbsleben auszusteigen. Für Betriebe stellt sie einen Weg dar, Personal sozialverträglich abzubauen und die Belegschaft zu verjüngen. Ergänzend untersucht der Forschungsbericht die betriebliche Verbreitung von Zeitkonten für längerfristige Freistellungen, die in den vergangenen Jahren an Bedeutung gewonnen haben. Mithilfe von Daten des IAB-Betriebspanels wird dargestellt, welche Betriebe Langzeitkonten anbieten und wofür die angesparten Zeitguthaben überwiegend verwendet werden. Bei Zeitkonten für längerfristige Arbeitsfreistellungen ist in den vergangenen Jahren ein Anstieg zu beobachten. Im Jahr 2022 gab es diese Option in rund 10 Prozent der Betriebe. Dabei steigt die Verbreitung mit zunehmender Betriebsgröße. Im Durchschnitt haben 18 Prozent der Beschäftigten Anspruch auf ein Zeitwertkonto. Tatsächlich genutzt hat es jedoch nur jeder dritte Anspruchsberechtigte, was 6 Prozent aller Beschäftigten entspricht. Langzeitkonten stehen tendenziell eher qualifizierteren Beschäftigten in größeren, tarifgebundenen Betrieben mit höherem Lohnniveau zur Verfügung. Die angesparten Zeitguthaben werden vor allem für Familienzeiten, Sabbaticals oder für Weiterbildungszeiten verwendet, seltener jedoch, um die Lebensarbeitszeit zu verkürzen. IAB-Forschungsbericht 24|2025 6 Insgesamt wird deutlich, dass die Möglichkeiten für ältere Beschäftigte, den Übergang in den Ruhestand flexibel zu gestalten, in der Praxis sehr unterschiedlich verteilt sind. Altersteilzeit und Zeitkonten für längerfristige Arbeitsfreistellungen sind vornehmlich in großen bzw. tarifgebundenen Betrieben zu finden. Ihre Inanspruchnahme hängt stark von den spezifischen Gegebenheiten der Betriebe ab. Häufig profitieren Beschäftigte mit besseren Arbeitsbedingungen und höheren Einkommen von diesen Regelungen, während Beschäftigte, die einen flexiblen Rentenbeginn am dringendsten benötigen würden, weniger Zugang zu diesen Möglichkeiten haben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Empowering older workers through self-regulation: how job crafting and leisure crafting enhance mindfulness and well-being at work (2025)
Zitatform
Xin, Xun, Lili Gao & Yuting He (2025): Empowering older workers through self-regulation: how job crafting and leisure crafting enhance mindfulness and well-being at work. In: Work, Aging and Retirement, Jg. 11, H. 3, S. 266-281. DOI:10.1093/workar/waae017
Abstract
"The capacity for self-regulation is crucial for older workers to maintain adaptability and well-being under aging-related challenges. Building on recent research suggesting that practices of self-regulation can enhance self-regulatory capacity, our study employs self-regulation theory to investigate how two distinct self-regulatory practices—job crafting (JC) and leisure crafting (LC)—support older workers in enhancing their work well-being through the lens of self-regulatory capacity, specifically mindfulness. Within this theoretical framework, we further explore the combined effects of JC and LC on adaptation to the aging process. A three-wave time-lagged survey was conducted among 227 older Chinese workers from science and technology enterprises. The results from latent structural equation modeling indicate that mindfulness at work mediates the relationship between crafting practices (both JC and LC) and work well-being. Moreover, JC and LC exhibit a compensatory relationship in facilitating mindfulness at work, which in turn promotes the work well-being of older workers. These findings offer a novel perspective grounded in self-regulation theory, highlighting how JC and LC contribute to successful aging by strengthening mindfulness capacity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Assessing the Labour Supply Effect of Harmonising Regular Retirement Age in Austria (2024)
Bittschi, Benjamin ; Warum, Philipp ; Mayrhuber, Christine; Spielauer, Martin ; Horvath, Thomas ; Mahringer, Helmut;Zitatform
Bittschi, Benjamin, Thomas Horvath, Helmut Mahringer, Christine Mayrhuber, Martin Spielauer & Philipp Warum (2024): Assessing the Labour Supply Effect of Harmonising Regular Retirement Age in Austria. (WIFO working papers 673), Wien, 26 S.
Abstract
"The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the ongoing harmonization of the retirement age for women with that for men on women's labor supply in Austria. According to the current legal framework, the standard retirement age for women will be gradually raised from 60 to 65 years from 2024 onwards, with the retirement age being raised by 6 months each year. The impact of the pension reform on women's labor supply is quantified using the dynamic microsimulation model microDEMS. This model integrates demographic changes in line with official population projections and detailed labor market modelling. According to our projections, the labour supply of women aged 60 to 64 increases by 87,000 in 2040 compared to a scenario in which the retirement age remains unchanged. We compare our results with two alternative approaches: the more stylised microWELT simulation model and a purely data-driven approach. While all methods produce very similar results in the long run, the detailed modelling in microDEMS provides more plausible results during the transition period when the reform is gradually implemented. This is because it allows for a realistic representation of pension paths, taking into account all relevant pension types and the corresponding eligibility criteria, such as sufficient accumulated insurance periods. In contrast to a purely data-driven approach, microDEMS modelling also has the advantage of explicitly representing and quantifying the components of the change in labour supply." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Pay-as-they-get-in: attitudes toward migrants and pension systems (2024)
Zitatform
Boeri, Tito, Matteo Gamalerio, Massimo Morelli & Margherita Negri (2024): Pay-as-they-get-in: attitudes toward migrants and pension systems. In: Journal of economic geography, Jg. 24, H. 1, S. 63-78. DOI:10.1093/jeg/lbad036
Abstract
"We study whether a better knowledge of the functioning of pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension systems and recent demographic trends affects natives’ attitudes toward immigration. In two online experiments conducted in Italy and Spain, we randomly treated participants with a video explaining how, in PAYG systems, the payment of current pensions depends on the contributions paid by current workers. The video also informs participants about population aging trends in their countries. The treatment increases knowledge of PAYG systems and future demographic trends for all participants. However, it improves attitudes toward migrants only for treated participants who do not support populist and anti-immigrant parties." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does Bridge Employment Mitigate or Exacerbate Inequalities Later in Life? (2024)
Cahill, Kevin E.; Giandrea, Michael D.; Quinn, Joseph F. ; Platts, Loretta G. ; Sacco, Lawrence B. ;Zitatform
Cahill, Kevin E., Michael D. Giandrea, Joseph F. Quinn, Lawrence B. Sacco & Loretta G. Platts (2024): Does Bridge Employment Mitigate or Exacerbate Inequalities Later in Life? In: Work, Aging and Retirement, Jg. 10, H. 2, S. 77-99. DOI:10.1093/workar/waac020
Abstract
"Most older Americans with career employment change jobs at least once before retiring from the labor market. Much is known about the prevalence and determinants of these bridge jobs, yet relatively little is known about the implications of such job changes—compared to direct exits from a career job —upon economic disparities in later life. In this article, we use 26 years of longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study to document the various pathways that older Americans take when exiting the labor force, and examine how bridge employment affects nonhousing wealth and total wealth, including the present discounted value of Social Security benefits. We find that gradual retirement in the form of bridge employment neither exacerbates nor mitigates wealth inequalities among Americans who hold career jobs later in life. That said, we do find some evidence that wealth inequalities grow among the subset of older career workers who transition from career employment to bridge employment at older ages. One policy implication of our article is that it provides evidence that might allay concerns about the potential for disparate financial impacts associated with the gradual retirement process." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The subsidy trap: Explaining the unsatisfactory effectiveness of hiring subsidies for the senior unemployed (2024)
Zitatform
Dalle, Axana, Elsy Verhofstadt & Stijn Baert (2024): The subsidy trap: Explaining the unsatisfactory effectiveness of hiring subsidies for the senior unemployed. (Working paper / Ghent University. Faculty of Economics and Business Administration 2024/1082), Gent, 36 S.
Abstract
"To extend the labor market participation of seniors, numerous countries provide subsidies to incentivise their recruitment or employment. Prior research demonstrates that the effectiveness of such subsidies is rather unsatisfactory, although the reasons for this inadequacy remain unclear. Therefore, we examined negative employer perceptions triggered by eligibility for such subsidies that might explain this disappointing effectiveness. To this end, we set up a vignette experiment in which 292 genuine recruiters assessed fictitious candidates on their hireability and underlying productivity estimations. These candidates differed experimentally in their eligibility for a hiring subsidy targeted at the unemployed aged 58 or over. Our results indicate that the subsidy has a negative effect on their hiring outcomes. This adverse effect is explained by negative perceptions that counteract the financial incentive. Specifically, the subsidized candidates signal lower physical and technological skills along with an augmented difficulty in hiring and labor inspection." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The subsidy trap: Explaining the unsatisfactory effectiveness of hiring subsidies for the senior unemployed (2024)
Zitatform
Dalle, Axana, Elsy Verhofstadt & Stijn Baert (2024): The subsidy trap: Explaining the unsatisfactory effectiveness of hiring subsidies for the senior unemployed. In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Jg. 227. DOI:10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106713
Abstract
"To extend the labour market participation of seniors, numerous countries provide subsidies to incentivise their recruitment or employment. Prior research demonstrates that the effectiveness of such subsidies is rather unsatisfactory, although the reasons for this inadequacy remain unclear. Therefore, we examined negative employer perceptions triggered by eligibility for such subsidies that might explain this disappointing effectiveness. To this end, we set up a vignette experiment in which 292 genuine recruiters assessed fictitious candidates on their hireability and underlying productivity estimations. These candidates differed experimentally in their eligibility for a hiring subsidy targeted at the unemployed aged 58 or over. Our results indicate that the subsidy has a negative effect on their hiring outcomes. This adverse effect is explained by negative perceptions that counteract the financial incentive. Specifically, the subsidised candidates signal lower physical and technological skills along with an augmented difficulty in hiring and labour inspection." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Old-age unemployment and labour supply: an application to Belgium (2024)
Zitatform
De Brouwer, Octave & Ilan Tojerow (2024): Old-age unemployment and labour supply: an application to Belgium. In: Empirical economics, Jg. 67, H. 1, S. 253-287. DOI:10.1007/s00181-023-02544-1
Abstract
"Over the last two decades, social security reforms in several European countries have turned early retirement routes for older workers increasingly difficult. The size of the effects of these reforms on labor supply and social security transfers, and how these effects interact with workers' characteristics have yet to be measured. This article sheds light on this issue by exploring the consequences of postponing access to an old-age unemployment program—from age 58 to 60—in Belgium. The program provides laid-off workers with a combination of unemployment benefits and a monthly supplement paid by the employer until the full retirement age. Exploiting register data on the universe of workers and using a difference-in-difference identification strategy, the authors find that UCS eligibility negatively affects employment participation but also mitigates older workers' participation in other social security programs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
When Institutions Interact: How the Effects of Unemployment Insurance are Shaped by Retirement Policies: Ungated Version to NBER working paper 31807 (2024)
Zitatform
Gudgeon, Matthew, Pablo Guzman, Johannes F. Schmieder, Simon Trenkle & Han Ye (2024): When Institutions Interact: How the Effects of Unemployment Insurance are Shaped by Retirement Policies. Ungated Version to NBER working paper 31807. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 31807 (ungated Version 2024)), Cambridge, Mass, 62 S.
Abstract
"In diesem Beitrag wird empirisch gezeigt, dass die Auswirkungen der Arbeitslosenversicherung (ALV) auf die Nichtbeschäftigung älterer Arbeitnehmer in erster Linie von der Struktur der Rentenpolitik abhängen. Anhand von deutschen Daten präsentieren wir zunächst Belege für diese Wechselwirkungen und dokumentieren eine starke Bündelung der Zuflüsse in die Arbeitslosenversicherung in dem Alter, in dem die Arbeitnehmer nach Ablauf der Arbeitslosenversicherung ihre Rente beantragen können. Anschließend schätzen wir ein dynamisches Lebenszyklusmodell und verwenden es, um direkt zu quantifizieren, wie die Auswirkungen der Arbeitslosenversicherung mit der Rentenpolitik variieren. Die Berücksichtigung von Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Institutionen der Sozialversicherung und des Ruhestands hilft auch bei der Erklärung von ansonsten schwer zu erklärenden Trends in der Arbeitslosenquote älterer deutscher Arbeitnehmer." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of pension reform on employment, retirement, and disability insurance claims (2024)
Zitatform
Hernaes, Erik, Simen Markussen, John Piggott & Knut Røed (2024): The impact of pension reform on employment, retirement, and disability insurance claims. In: Journal of Population Economics, Jg. 37, H. 4. DOI:10.1007/s00148-024-01052-5
Abstract
"We evaluate the 2011 comprehensive reform of Norwegian early retirement institutions using a parsimonious random utility choice model. Conditional on employment at age 60, we estimate a three-state conditional logit model to explain the realized labor market state at age 63 among the alternatives of employment, retirement, and disability program participation. The reform radically changed work incentives and/or pension access age for some (but not all) workers, such that the influence of economic incentives can be identified based on reform-generated variation only. We find that improved work incentives caused employment rates to rise considerably at the expense of early retirement and exit through disability insurance. Improved liquidity through a lower age to access own pension funds on actuarially neutral terms caused a small increase in employment and a large drop in disability program participation. Properly designed pension reforms thus need to take the interplay between old-age pension and disability insurance programs into account." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Societal Aging and Attitudes towards Women in the Labor Market: Evidence from European Countries (2024)
Zitatform
Irmen, Andreas, Rana Cömertpay & Anastasia Litina (2024): Societal Aging and Attitudes towards Women in the Labor Market: Evidence from European Countries. In: Economics Bulletin, Jg. 44, H. 4, S. 1326-1332.
Abstract
"This paper examines the relationship between societal aging and attitudes toward women in the labor market. We hypothesize that, up to a certain point, these attitudes are more favorable as societies grow ”older”. In these societies, people may better recognize that an increase in female labor force participation can help mitigate the challenges that societal aging imposes on the welfare state. To test this hypothesis, we conduct a multilevel analysis of individuals from 25 European OECD countries between 2004 and 2017, using the Old Age Dependency Ratio (OADR) as a proxy for societal aging and gender-related questions from the European Social Survey (ESS). Our findings reveal a hump-shaped relationship between societal aging and attitudes towards women in the labor market. In the early stages of demographic change, particularly in countries with a rising OADR, positive attitudes can be attributed to the recognition that an aging population necessitates a larger working-age population, making women a logical resource for expansion, thus fostering more favorable norms. However, as societal aging progresses further, conservative views associated with older populations begin to dominate, leading to a deterioration in gender norms. in the labor market. In the early stages of demographic change, particularly in countries with a rising OADR, positive attitudes can be attributed to the recognition that an aging population necessitates a larger working-age population, making women a logical resource for expansion, thus fostering more favorable norms. However, as societal aging progresses further, conservative views associated with older populations begin to dominate, leading to a deterioration in gender norms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Erwerbstätigkeit und Arbeitslosigkeit Älterer
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Arbeitsmarkt- und beschäftigungspolitische Maßnahmen
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Initiativen und Kampagnen gegen Altersdiskriminierung
- Vermittlung und Beratung, Coaching
- Arbeitsbedingungen und Gesundheitsschutz
- Qualifizierung
- Subventionierung von Beschäftigung
- Lohnersatzleistungen, Bürgergeld, Arbeitslosengeld I und II
- Berufsausstieg, Übergang in Rente
- Arbeits- und Sozialrecht
- geografischer Bezug