Arbeitsmarktpolitik für Ältere
Die Förderung der Beschäftigung Älterer steht auf der politischen Agenda. Wir benötigten angesichts des demografischen Wandels eine betriebliche Arbeitsmarktpolitik, die der Arbeitskräfteknappheit vorausschauend entgegenwirkt.
Die Infoplattform geht auf die arbeitsmarkt- und beschäftigungspolitischen Aspekte der Entwicklung des Arbeitsmarktes für Ältere ein.
Zurück zur Übersicht- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
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Arbeitsmarkt- und beschäftigungspolitische Maßnahmen
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Initiativen und Kampagnen gegen Altersdiskriminierung
- Vermittlung und Beratung, Coaching
- Arbeitsbedingungen und Gesundheitsschutz
- Qualifizierung
- Subventionierung von Beschäftigung
- Lohnersatzleistungen, Bürgergeld, Arbeitslosengeld I und II
- Berufsausstieg, Übergang in Rente
- Arbeits- und Sozialrecht
- geografischer Bezug
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Literaturhinweis
Ageing and labor productivity (2023)
Hernaes, Erik; Kornstad, Tom; Røed, Knut; Markussen, Simen;Zitatform
Hernaes, Erik, Tom Kornstad, Simen Markussen & Knut Røed (2023): Ageing and labor productivity. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 82. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2023.102347
Abstract
"We exploit a policy-induced shift in the labor supply of elderly (age 63–67) workers in Norway to explore how aging of the workforce within existing firms is likely to affect labor productivity and the demand for younger workers. Our results are imprecise, but indicate that a higher share of age 63–67 workers increases total wage costs and has a small positive effect on labor productivity in the short run. Postponed retirement of existing elderly workers leads to a significant decline in the hiring of younger (below age 30) workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment trends at older ages: policy impact or secular change? (2022)
Zitatform
Deeg, Dorly J. H., Morten Blekesaune & Astrid de Wind (2022): Employment trends at older ages: policy impact or secular change? In: European Journal of Ageing, Jg. 19, H. 3, S. 689-698. DOI:10.1007/s10433-021-00664-0
Abstract
"Observed increases in retirement age are generally attributed to policies to extend working lives (PEW). In a quasi-experimental design, we examine to what extent increases in employment of older workers can be attributed to secular changes in individual characteristics as opposed to PEW. We compare two countries: one with clear PEW (the Netherlands) and one without PEW (Norway). Data come from the Dutch Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam and the NORwegian Longitudinal study on Aging and Generations. From each study, two same-age (55–64 years) samples are selected, one recruited in 2002–03, and one recruited after five (Norway) and ten years (Netherlands). In pooled regression analysis, paid work is the outcome variable, and time of measurement, the main independent variable. Individual characteristics include age, sex, educational level, self-perceived health, functional limitations, sense of mastery, and work status of partner. Employment rose in both countries, faster in the Netherlands than in Norway. Of the rise in employment, individual characteristics explained less in the Netherlands than in Norway. Accounting for these, the interaction country*time was significant, indicating an extra rise in employment of 5.2 and 7.5% points for Dutch men and women, net of individual characteristics and unobserved factors that are assumed to be similar in both countries. The extra rise in the Netherlands represents 57% of the total rise for both sexes. Thus, secular change in individual characteristics explains part of the rise in employment in both countries. In the Netherlands, other factors such as PEW may additionally explain the rise in employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Early Retirement Provision for Elderly Displaced Workers (2021)
Kruse, Herman; Myhre, Andreas;Zitatform
Kruse, Herman & Andreas Myhre (2021): Early Retirement Provision for Elderly Displaced Workers. (MPRA paper 109431), München, 41 S.
Abstract
"This paper studies the economic effects on re-employment and program substitution behavior among elderly displaced workers who exogenously lose eligibility for their early retirement option. We use detailed Norwegian matched employer-employee data containing information on bankruptcy dates and individual-level wealth, income, pensions and social security benefits. Our empirical strategy employs a regression discontinuity design, as job displacement before a certain age cut-off results in losing eligibility for early retirement benefits between ages 62–67 years in Norway. We find that reemployment rates are indistinguishable between workers who just retain eligibility for early retirement benefits and those who just do not. Meanwhile, those who lose eligibility offset 69% of their lost benefits through take-up of other social security benefits, where 51% comes from disability insurance and 13% from unemployment insurance. Our findings are particularly policy relevant as tightening of age-limits for old-age pensions is on the agenda in several OECD countries, while current economic hardship throughout the region may lead to increased job displacement for elderly workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Substitution and spill-overs between early exit pathways in times of extending working lives in Europe (2020)
Zitatform
Riekhoff, Aart-Jan, Kati Kuitto & Liisa-Maria Palomäki (2020): Substitution and spill-overs between early exit pathways in times of extending working lives in Europe. In: International social security review, Jg. 73, H. 2, S. 27-50. DOI:10.1111/issr.12237
Abstract
"In diesem Artikel wird untersucht, inwieweit Instrumentensubstitution unter Möglichkeiten zum frühen Austritt in Europa zwischen 1995 und 2015 zum Einsatz kam. Anhand von aggregierten Eurostat‐Daten über Nichterwerbsquoten und Beschäftigungsquoten unter der Bevölkerung von 55 bis 64 Jahren in 19 europäischen Staaten analysieren wir Substitutionseffekte zwischen Austrittswegen und Gesamtausstrahlungseffekte in die Nichterwerbstätigkeit. Trotz eines starken Rückgangs des vorzeitigen Ausscheidens und des Anstiegs der Beschäftigungsquote von älteren Arbeitnehmern weisen die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass Instrumentensubstitution insbesondere zwischen Frührente und Invalidität geläufig war. Die Abnahme des frühen Ausscheidens fiel mit erheblichen Ausstrahlungseffekten in Nichterwerbstätigkeit zusammen. Dabei war diese Ausstrahlung jedoch geringer, wenn der Zugang zu alternativen Instrumenten gleichzeitig erschwert wurde." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons)
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Literaturhinweis
The Norwegian pension reform in 2011: The long term impact on take-up of pension and labor supply (2019)
Hernaes, Erik; Strøm, Steinar; Zhang, Tao;Zitatform
Hernaes, Erik, Steinar Strøm & Tao Zhang (2019): The Norwegian pension reform in 2011: The long term impact on take-up of pension and labor supply. (CESifo working paper 7723), München, 29 S.
Abstract
"We investigate the impact on pension take-up and labour supply of a broad Norwegian pension reform. Focussing on the long term impact, we use a structural discrete choice model estimated on data for first groups to become eligible for the new pension, accounting for the opportunity cost of retiring early. A majority of the individuals combine take-up of pension with working. This is particular the case for individuals with lower education. The estimated model explains observed behaviour rather precisely, in particular for those who retire entirely and for all choices made by individuals with higher education. The estimated model is applied in an out of sample prediction for the cohort born in 1950. Again, the model predicts rather accurately the fraction that retires entirely and the choices made by the higher educated. Two policy simulations, an increase in longevity and tax on pension income equal to tax on labour income, implies lower take up of pensions and more people working. The response to the longevity adjustment compensates less than half of the reduction of the annual pension level in the adjustment, which is designed to mimic the increase in the longevity over the next 20 years." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Retention and reintegration of older workers into the labour market: What works best? (2018)
Konle-Seidl, Regina;Zitatform
Konle-Seidl, Regina (2018): Retention and reintegration of older workers into the labour market. What works best? In: E. M. Hohnerlein, S. Hennion & O. Kaufmann (Hrsg.) (2018): Erwerbsverlauf und sozialer Schutz in Europa, S. 371-389. DOI:10.1007/978-3-662-56033-4_35
Abstract
"Die Arbeitsmarktsituation älterer Arbeitnehmer hat sich im Lauf der Jahre signifikant verbessert. Die Beschäftigungschancen im höheren Alter sind jedoch EU-weit noch immer sehr unterschiedlich. Ein Vergleich der Länder Deutschland, Frankreich, Niederlande, Norwegen und Österreich zeigt, dass der Anstieg der Erwerbsquoten für ältere Arbeitnehmer (55 - 64) stark durch Rentenreformen und die Abschaffung von Vorruhestandsregelungen beeinflusst wird. Die Wiedereingliederung nach einem Verlust des Arbeitsplatzes und das Risiko der Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit bleibt dennoch ein spezifisches Problem älterer Arbeitnehmer. Staatliche Programme zur Unterstützung der Wiedereingliederung dieses Personenkreises zeigen eher gemischte Ergebnisse." (Autorenreferat, © Springer-Verlag)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Konle-Seidl, Regina;Weiterführende Informationen
deutsche Version: Förderung der Arbeitsmarktteilhabe im höheren Erwerbsalter : Was funktioniert? -
Literaturhinweis
Retention and re-integration of older workers into the labour market: What works? (2017)
Konle-Seidl, Regina;Zitatform
Konle-Seidl, Regina (2017): Retention and re-integration of older workers into the labour market: What works? (IAB-Discussion Paper 17/2017), Nürnberg, 24 S.
Abstract
"Obwohl sich im letzten Jahrzehnt die Arbeitsmarktsituation älterer Arbeitnehmer in allen EU-Ländern verbessert hat, gibt es erhebliche Länderunterschiede im Hinblick auf die Erwerbsbeteiligung Älterer. Um unterschiedliche Entwicklungen zu dokumentieren und zu beurteilen, was am besten im Hinblick auf die Verlängerung des Erwerbslebens und bei der Wiedereingliederung älterer Arbeitsloser funktioniert, wird die Situation in fünf Ländern analysiert: Deutschland, Frankreich, Niederlande, Norwegen und Österreich. Zahlreiche empirische Befunde zeigen, dass finanzielle Anreize bzw. 'finanzielle Sanktionen' durch Rentenreformen und die Abschaffung länderspezifischer Wege in den vorzeitigen Ruhestand mehr Einfluss auf die Verlängerung des Arbeitslebens haben, als alle anderen Maßnahmen. Die Wiedereingliederung nach einem Verlust des Arbeitsplatzes und das Risiko der Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit bleibt über Ländergrenzen hinweg jedoch ein spezifisches Problem älterer Arbeitnehmer. Staatlich geförderte Programme zur Unterstützung der Wiedereingliederung von älteren Arbeitslosen zeigen eher gemischte Ergebnisse." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Konle-Seidl, Regina; -
Literaturhinweis
Towards more inclusive ageing and employment policies: the lessons from France, the Netherlands, Norway and Switzerland (2014)
Sonnet, Anne; Olsen, Hilde; Manfredi, Thomas;Zitatform
Sonnet, Anne, Hilde Olsen & Thomas Manfredi (2014): Towards more inclusive ageing and employment policies. The lessons from France, the Netherlands, Norway and Switzerland. In: De Economist, Jg. 162, H. 4, S. 315-339. DOI:10.1007/s10645-014-9240-x
Abstract
"Many countries have carried out over the past decade a series of reforms and measures to encourage longer working lives and to respond to the looming challenges of rapid population ageing. But have these steps gone far enough and have the necessary measures been taken? Much of the focus of this policy action has been on old-age pension reform but, as stressed in the report Live Longer, Work Longer (OECD 2006), a more comprehensive set of reform may be necessary to encourage work at an older age. This includes policy action in three broad areas to: (1) reward work, (2) change employer practices, and (3) improve the employability of workers. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of recent policy initiatives to give older people better work incentives and choices implemented in France, The Netherlands, Norway and Switzerland since 2006 as well as to identify areas where more could be done, covering both supply-side and demand-side aspects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ageing and employment policies: Norway: working better with age (2013)
Sonnet, Anne; Manfredi, Thomas; Keese, Mark; Olsen, Hilde;Zitatform
Olsen, Hilde & Thomas Manfredi (2013): Ageing and employment policies: Norway. Working better with age. (Ageing and employment policies), Paris, 125 S. DOI:10.1787/9789264201484-en
Abstract
"People today are living longer than ever before, while birth rates are dropping in the majority of OECD countries. Such demographics raise the question: are current public social expenditures adequate and sustainable? Older workers play a crucial role in the labour market. Now that legal retirement ages are rising, fewer older workers are retiring early, but at the same time those older workers who have lost their job after the age of 50 have tended to remain in long term unemployment. What can countries do to help? How can they give older people better work incentives and opportunities? These reports offer analysis and assessment on what the best policies are for fostering employability, job mobility and labour demand at an older age.
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Literaturhinweis
Inclusive workplaces and older employees: an analysis of companies' investment in retaining senior workers (2011)
Midtsundstad, Tove I.;Zitatform
Midtsundstad, Tove I. (2011): Inclusive workplaces and older employees. An analysis of companies' investment in retaining senior workers. In: The international journal of human resource management, Jg. 22, H. 6, S. 1277-1293. DOI:10.1080/09585192.2011.559099
Abstract
"The inception of the so-called Tripartite Agreement on a More Inclusive Working Life (the IW Agreement) in 2001 marks a shift in Norwegian welfare and labour market policy. This has resulted in employers now being targeted by government initiatives supposed to prevent the exclusion of older employees. The initiatives are purely voluntary and rely on companies' willingness to adopt and support them. The main goal of this article is to identify and explain differences in the propensity of private sector companies to adopt an active policy in line with this strategy. Data used are based on a survey conducted in 2005 of a representative sample of 713 Norwegian companies. The findings show that positive attitudes towards older workers held by the management, a focus on human resource management and a feeling of moral obligation to combat early retirement increase the probability that the companies adopt an active ageing policy. However, economic considerations and labour shortage also influence their policies, especially their willingness to retain older workers of age 62 and above." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Age and labour market commitment in Germany, Denmark, Norway and Sweden (2008)
Hult, Carl; Edlund, Jonas;Zitatform
Hult, Carl & Jonas Edlund (2008): Age and labour market commitment in Germany, Denmark, Norway and Sweden. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 22, H. 1, S. 109-128. DOI:10.1177/0950017007087419
Abstract
"This study examines age differences in non-financial employment commitment in two types of 'exit cultures'. Germany and Denmark represent the 'early'-exit culture where early retirement has become the norm. Sweden and Norway represent the 'late'-exit culture where labour market activity until advanced age is more common. The categorization of countries corresponds to the time for data collection (1997). The main question is whether suggested differences in exit culture are manifested in age differences in non-financial employment commitment. The claim that age differences in commitment relate to exit culture received some support. In the two early-exit countries, the probability for men to display low employment commitment was found to increase at the age of 43-54. Also women in these countries dropped in commitment but first at 55+. In the two late-exit countries there was no important loss in commitment related to the middle or old age groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The ageing challenge in Norway: ensuring a sustainable pension and welfare system (2006)
Bellone, Benoit; Bibbee, Alexandra;Zitatform
Bellone, Benoit & Alexandra Bibbee (2006): The ageing challenge in Norway. Ensuring a sustainable pension and welfare system. (OECD Economics Department working papers 480), Paris, 47 S. DOI:10.1787/600718358800
Abstract
"Norway will face a fast maturing old age pension scheme over the 30 next years whereas oil revenues will supply only a part of implicit liabilities related to the present generation. This working paper examines the recently proposed new measures to strengthen long term fiscal sustainability in Norway. Even though a broad agreement was reached in the parliament on the proposed principles of pension reform, crucial elements are still under discussion, among these the decision on a flexible retirement age based on actuarially fair notional accounts and the strength of the link between income and benefits. Estimated savings arising from strengthened work incentives introducing a longevity coefficient and less generous indexation are three percentage points of GDP over the long term compared to an expected nine percentage points of GDP financing gap for welfare spending. For the proposals to have maximum impact, public subsidies to existing early retirement schemes should be removed and eligibility for disability pensions and long-term sick leaves tightened." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Beschäftigungssituation älterer Arbeitnehmer (2006)
Schröder, Helmut; Aust, Folkert; Weiß, Walter; Brussig, Martin; Bispinck, Reinhard; Schief, Sebastian; Knuth, Matthias;Zitatform
Schröder, Helmut, Folkert Aust, Walter Weiß, Martin Brussig, Reinhard Bispinck, Sebastian Schief & Matthias Knuth Schröder, Helmut, Folkert Aust, Walter Weiß, Martin Brussig, Reinhard Bispinck, Sebastian Schief & Matthias Knuth (sonst. bet. Pers.) (2006): Beschäftigungssituation älterer Arbeitnehmer. (Expertisen zum Fünften Altenbericht der Bundesregierung 01), Münster u.a.: LIT, 203 S.
Abstract
"Im Zuge der Diskussion um die Folgen des demografischen Wandels gewinnen Fragen zur Beschäftigungssituation älterer Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer sowie zum Übergang vom Erwerbsleben in den Ruhestand in der öffentlichen Diskussion an Bedeutung. Dieses Feld ist aber nach wie vor von großer Unübersichtlichkeit geprägt. Der vorliegende Band soll einen Beitrag zu einem besseren Verständnis der Erwerbstätigkeit im Alter leisten.
Im ersten Beitrag wird eine differenzierte Bestandsaufnahme der Beschäftigung älterer Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer in Deutschland vorgenommen. Ein weiterer Beitrag stellt die auf Deutschland bezogenen empirischen Ergebnisse zur Beschäftigungssituation dieser Gruppe der Situation in den EU-Staaten, der Schweiz und Norwegen gegenüber. Der dritte Beitrag analysiert die Unterschiede in der Weiterbildungsbeteiligung verschiedener Gruppen älterer Erwerbspersonen als wichtige Voraussetzung für den Erhalt der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit. Im abschließenden Beitrag wird die Verbreitung von Senioritätsregeln in Tarifverträgen untersucht." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku) -
Literaturhinweis
Assessing the effects of an early retirement program (2004)
Bratberg, Espen; Holmås, Tor Helge; Thøgersen, «ystein;Zitatform
Bratberg, Espen, Tor Helge Holmås & «ystein Thøgersen (2004): Assessing the effects of an early retirement program. In: Journal of population economics, Jg. 17, H. 3, S. 387-408.
Abstract
"We investigate induced retirement effects of the Norwegian early retirement program AFP and emphasize effects caused by relocations of some individuals from disability pension and unemployment to AFP. Theoretical considerations predict that AFP unambiguously induces more early retirement. Analyzing Norwegian register data 1994-96 with parametric and non-parametric methods, we demonstrate that i) economic incentives influence the retirement decision, ii) there is a significant net induced retirement effect, iii) by a conservative judgment, at least 50% of the AFP retirees would have stayed in the labor force without the scheme." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ageing and the transition to retirement: a comparative analysis of European welfare states (2004)
Maltby, Tony; Vroom, Bert de; Mirabile, Maria Luisa; Øverbye, Einar;Zitatform
(2004): Ageing and the transition to retirement. A comparative analysis of European welfare states. (New perspectives on ageing and later life), Aldershot u.a.: Asgate, 295 S.
Abstract
"There are two conflicting trends in Europe: a demographic shift towards population ageing, and a massive decrease in the labour force participation of older workers (aged 50 years and over). This book offers a refined and authoritative understanding of these trends and the two socio-economic concerns of most European welfare states that have been re-enforced as a consequence. These are: the increasing costs for welfare states to finance 'pathways' from employment to official retirement, and the threat of labour market shortages in the near future as a result of both the ageing process and the early exit of older workers. A variety of new policy initiatives can be observed emerging from these changes in many European countries - this book examines the different welfare state arrangements in nine EU countries plus Hungary, Slovenia and Norway. It considers ways of integrating older workers in the labour market along with differing perspectives on the relation between ageing and work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ageing and employment policies: Norway (2004)
Zitatform
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2004): Ageing and employment policies. Norway. (Ageing and employment policies), Paris, 124 S.
Abstract
Während im Jahr 2000 ein Siebtel der norwegischen Bevölkerung 65 Jahre alt oder älter ist, wird voraussichtlich im Jahr 2050 ein Viertel der Bevölkerung 65 Jahre alt oder älter sein. Vor dem Hintergrund dieses demographischen Wandels wird die Arbeitsmarktsituation älterer Arbeitnehmer in Norwegen untersucht. Die hohe Erwerbsbeteiliung älterer Arbeitnehmer und die geringe Arbeitslosigkeit sollen auch in Zukunft erhalten werden. Anreize sollen die Inaktivität unter älteren Menschen reduzieren. Die derzeitigen Systeme der Alters-, Invaliditäts- und Arbeitslosensicherung sind sowohl großzügig als auch leicht zugänglich und werden deshalb oft in Anspruch genommen. Eine Reform der sozialen Sicherung soll die Anreize, eine soziale Sicherung in Anspruch zu nehmen, senken. Gleichzeitig sollen mehr Anzeize zur Erhöhung der Erwerbsbeteiligung älterer Arbeitnehmer geschaffen werden. Entsprechende politische Initiativen zur Beschäftigungsförderung älterer Arbeitnehmer setzen sowohl bei der Einstellungspraxis der Unternehmen als auch bei der der Weiterbildung und Vermittlung älterer Arbeitnehmer an. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Early retirement and economic incentives: evidence from a quasi-natural experiment (2003)
Roed, Knut; Haugen, Fredrik;Zitatform
Roed, Knut & Fredrik Haugen (2003): Early retirement and economic incentives. Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment. In: Labour, Jg. 17, H. 2, S. 203-228.
Abstract
"During the 1990s, a new subsidized early retirement option was assigned quasi-randomly to two-thirds of Norwegian elderly workers. The authors use this 'natural experiment' to evaluate how economic incentives affect retirement behaviour. The new retirement option reduced employment substantially, and this effect escalated over time. It did not substitute for disability pension or long-term unemployment, and approximately two out of three retirees would have stayed employed without it. Subsidized retirement was primarily voluntary, but there is also some evidence that firms took advantage of the retirement programme to 'push out' excess workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender differences in early retirement behaviour (2002)
Dahl, Svenn-Age; Nilsen, Oivind Anti; Vaage, Kjell;Zitatform
Dahl, Svenn-Age, Oivind Anti Nilsen & Kjell Vaage (2002): Gender differences in early retirement behaviour. (IZA discussion paper 522), Bonn, 32 S.
Abstract
"In this paper we analyse early retirement for men and women focusing on family characteristics such as marital status, spouse income and wealth, and spouses' labour market status. The female participation rate is high in Norway, implying that the country is particularly suitable for the study of gender differences in the early retirement behaviour. At our disposal we have administrative data that include information on individuals aged between 55 and 61 years in 1989. The individuals are followed until the end of 1995, with the aim of determining the predictors of different early retirement states. The results of a competing risk model indicate that women are less likely to take early retirement compared to men and that these differences are due to both different characteristics and different behaviour." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
-
Arbeitsmarkt- und beschäftigungspolitische Maßnahmen
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Initiativen und Kampagnen gegen Altersdiskriminierung
- Vermittlung und Beratung, Coaching
- Arbeitsbedingungen und Gesundheitsschutz
- Qualifizierung
- Subventionierung von Beschäftigung
- Lohnersatzleistungen, Bürgergeld, Arbeitslosengeld I und II
- Berufsausstieg, Übergang in Rente
- Arbeits- und Sozialrecht
- geografischer Bezug