Arbeitsmarktpolitik für Ältere
Die Förderung der Beschäftigung Älterer steht wieder auf der politischen Agenda. Wir benötigten angesichts des demografischen Wandels eine Arbeitsmarktpolitik, die der Arbeitskräfteknappheit in den Betrieben entgegenwirkt.
Das Themendossier geht auf die arbeitsmarkt- und beschäftigungspolitischen Aspekte der Entwicklung des Arbeitsmarktes für Ältere ein.
- Erwerbstätigkeit und Arbeitslosigkeit Älterer
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Arbeitsmarkt- und beschäftigungspolitische Maßnahmen
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Initiativen und Kampagnen gegen Altersdiskriminierung
- Vermittlung und Beratung, Coaching
- Arbeitsbedingungen und Gesundheitsschutz
- Qualifizierung
- Subventionierung von Beschäftigung
- Lohnersatzleistungen, Bürgergeld, Arbeitslosengeld I und II
- Berufsausstieg, Übergang in Rente
- Arbeits- und Sozialrecht
- geografischer Bezug
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Literaturhinweis
For older and poorer: the implications of self-employment among individuals over 50 (2026)
Zitatform
Patel, Pankaj C. (2026): For older and poorer: the implications of self-employment among individuals over 50. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 58, H. 6, S. 1113-1131. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2025.2464818
Abstract
"Drawing on human capital theory and analysing data from the American Community Survey and Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we examine how economic policies influence late-career entrepreneurship. We find that older, economically vulnerable individuals are increasingly pushed into self-employment, often as a necessity rather than an opportunity. The association persists even when controlling for economic shocks and individual fixed effects. Notably, state-level policies such as minimum wage increases and Medicaid expansion show limited efficacy in altering these patterns or improving outcomes for this demographic. Our findings underscore the inadequacy of current broad-based economic policies in addressing the unique challenges faced by older workers in an evolving labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Reintegrated Older Long-Term Unemployed Workers: The Impact of Temporary Job Guarantees (2025)
Zitatform
Ahammer, Alexander, Martin Halla, Pia Heckl & Rudolf Winter-Ebmer (2025): Reintegrated Older Long-Term Unemployed Workers: The Impact of Temporary Job Guarantees. (Working paper / Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler Universität of Linz 2025-12), Linz, 43 S., App.
Abstract
"Long-term unemployment among older workers is particularly difficult to overcome. We study the impacts of a large-scale job guarantee program that offered up to two years of fully subsidized employment to long-term unemployed individuals aged 50 and above. Using a sharp age-based discontinuity in eligibility, we find that participation increased regular, unsubsidized employment by 43 percentage points two years after the program ended. The gains are driven by transitions into new firms and industries, rather than continued subsidized employment, and we find no evidence of displacement effects for non-participants or spillovers to family members. The program had no measurable short-run health effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als RF Berlin - CReAM Discussion Paper 2025,160 -
Literaturhinweis
Reintegrating Older Long-Term Unemployed Workers: The Impact of Temporary Job Guarantees (2025)
Zitatform
Ahammer, Alexander, Martin Halla, Pia Heckl & Rudolf Winter-Ebmer (2025): Reintegrating Older Long-Term Unemployed Workers: The Impact of Temporary Job Guarantees. (CEPR discussion paper / Centre for Economic Policy Research 20939), London, 58 S.
Abstract
"Long-term unemployment among older workers is particularly difficult to overcome. We study the impacts of a large-scale job guarantee program that offered up to two years of fully subsidized employment to long-term unemployed individuals aged 50 and above. Using a sharp age-based discontinuity in eligibility, we find that participation increased regular, unsubsidized employment by 43 percentage points two years after the program ended. The gains are driven by transitions into new firms and industries, rather than continued subsidized employment, and we find no evidence of displacement effects for non-participants or spillovers to family members. The program had no measurable short-run health effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
AMS Forschungsnetzwerk - Erste Effekte der Anhebung des Regelpensionsalters von Frauen (2025)
Auer, Eva; Mlakić, Vinka;Zitatform
Auer, Eva & Vinka Mlakić (2025): AMS Forschungsnetzwerk - Erste Effekte der Anhebung des Regelpensionsalters von Frauen. (AMS-Spezialthema zum Arbeitsmarkt / Arbeitsmarktservice Österreich), Wien, 5 S.
Abstract
"Im Dezember 1990 bezeichnete der Verfassungsgerichtshof das unterschiedliche Regelpensionsalter von Frauen und Männern als gleichheitswidrig und hob die entsprechenden Regelungen auf.1 Die damalige große Koalition beharrte aber auf dieser Differenzierung und beschloss sie als Bestimmung im Verfassungsrang im Jahr 1992 erneut.2 Damit war sie der „Gewalt“ des Verfassungsgerichtshofs entzogen und dieser Unterschied galt in Österreich die nächsten drei Jahrzehnte. Damals wurde aber auch geregelt, dass 32 Jahre später, beginnend mit 1.1.2024, die Altersgrenze für die normale Alterspension der Frauen jährlich bis zum Jahr 2033 um sechs Monate erhöht wird. 2033 wird dann eine vollständige Angleichung des Pensionsanfallsalters von Männern und Frauen gegeben sein. Das heißt, dass in den nächsten Jahren vermehrt Frauen ab 60 Jahren am Arbeitsmarkt aktiv sein werden. Erste Effekte sind bereits messbar: Im Jahr 2024 stieg die Beschäftigung von Frauen im Alter von 60 Jahren um fast 12.000 Personen im Vergleich zum Vorjahr an. Gleichzeitig war die Arbeitslosigkeit in dieser Altersgruppe im Jahresdurchschnitt 2024 um rund 2.100 Personen höher als 2023." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Peer Effects in Old‑Age Employment Among Women (2025)
Badalyan, Sona;Zitatform
Badalyan, Sona (2025): Peer Effects in Old‑Age Employment Among Women. (IAB-Discussion Paper 13/2025), Nürnberg, 72 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.DP.2513
Abstract
"Dieses Papier nutzt eine einzigartige Situation des Normenwandels – eine deutsche Rentenreform, die das Renteneintrittsalter für Frauen und Männer angleichen sollte –, um zu untersuchen, wie Beschäftigung im höheren Alter über Arbeitsplatznetzwerke weitergegeben wird. Die Reform erhöhte das früheste Renteneintrittsalter von Frauen von 60 auf 63 Jahre für Kohorten, die ab 1952 geboren wurden. Unter Verwendung des Universums der Arbeitsgruppen aus den Sozialversicherungsdaten vergleiche ich Frauen, deren Kolleginnen knapp über oder unter der Reformgrenze lagen. Ich finde, dass Frauen eher im höheren Alter erwerbstätig bleiben, wenn ihre Kolleginnen dies tun, wobei die Effekte in den Regionen des ehemaligen Westdeutschlands mit traditionellen Geschlechternormen stärker ausfallen. Geschlechtsneutrale Rentenreformen verstärken somit ihren Effekt über den Einfluss von Kolleginnen und tragen zu einer regionalen Angleichung der Beschäftigungsmuster im späten Erwerbsleben bei." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Gender norms and partners' joint retirement decisions: learning from a Norwegian reform (2025)
Zitatform
Bratsberg, Bernt & Elena Stancanelli (2025): Gender norms and partners' joint retirement decisions: learning from a Norwegian reform. (Paris-Jourdan Science Economiques. Working paper 2025-31), Paris, 48 S.
Abstract
"We argue that gender norms may shape partners’ joint retirement decision. We study a 2011 pension reform in Norway, which incentivized postponing retirement for employees of many private sector firms. Using Norwegian register data, we construct population samples of older dual-earner couples in which only one partner was eligible for the reform, and link them to their mothers’ employment status when partners were young, to capture gender norms. Taking an event-study differences-in-differences approach, we find significant employment effects for the partner directly affected by the reform, and heterogeneous spillover effects for the other partner. In particular, women with an employed mother-in-law, but not those with a stay-home mother-inlaw, increase their employment, if their husband does so, due to the reform. In contrast, men with a stay-at-home mother are more likely to postpone retirement if their wife does so, following the reform." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Keeping older workers in the labour force (2025)
Eiffe, Franz Ferdinand; Weber, Tina; Fric, Karel ; Adăscăliței, Dragoș ; Muller, Jessye; Contreras, Ricardo Rodriguez;Zitatform
Eiffe, Franz Ferdinand, Dragoș Adăscăliței, Karel Fric, Jessye Muller, Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras & Tina Weber (2025): Keeping older workers in the labour force. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Dublin, 77 S. DOI:10.2806/4361116
Abstract
"Europe’s population is ageing and has experienced natural decline since 2014, cushioned only by net migration. The working-age population is shrinking as the number of older individuals grows, a trend expected to continue with the retirement of the baby boom generation. This shift presents challenges for policymakers in relation to employment, living standards and welfare sustainability across EU Member States. This report aims to answer the question of how to keep older workers in employment as long as possible. It provides a comprehensive analysis of employment developments. It examines job quality differences across various age groups and analyses differences in job quality within the group of older workers. The report also explores the push and pull factors influencing employment trends across Europe and delves into the policies and practices implemented by Member States to keep older workers in the workforce. It highlights the critical role of social partners in shaping these outcomes and, finally, provides general pointers for policymakers to consider." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Älterenbeschäftigungsquoten bis 2030 (2025)
Zitatform
Horvath, Thomas, Helmut Mahringer & Christine Mayrhuber (2025): Älterenbeschäftigungsquoten bis 2030. (WIFO Research Briefs 2025,11), Wien, 11 S.
Abstract
"Das Älterenbeschäftigungspaket der Bundesregierung zielt darauf ab, bis 2030 durch eine Erhöhung der Beschäftigungsquote älterer Erwerbspersonen maßgeblich zur Budgetkonsolidierung beizutragen. Die durchgeführten Simulationen mit microDEMS zeigen, dass sich der Anteil der aktiv Beschäftigten in der Altersgruppe der 60- bis 64-jährigen Frauen ohne die geplanten Maßnahmen nahezu verdoppelt und im Jahr 2030 bei 39,9% liegen würde. Bei den Männern dieser Altersgruppe sollte der Anstieg 2,5 Prozentpunkte auf 48,1% betragen. Die angestrebte Kostendämpfung im Pensionsbereich in Höhe von 2,7 Mrd. € bis 2030 setzt allerdings höhere Steigerungen der Beschäftigungsquoten in dieser Altersgruppe voraus als berechnet und erfordert eine konsequente Umsetzung der vorgesehenen arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Labor Force Transitions at Older Ages: Burnout, Recovery, and Reverse Retirement (2025)
Zitatform
Jacobs, Lindsay & Suphanit Piyapromdee (2025): Labor Force Transitions at Older Ages: Burnout, Recovery, and Reverse Retirement. (CEPR discussion paper / Centre for Economic Policy Research 20616), London, 54 S.
Abstract
"Partial and reverse retirement are two key behaviors characterizing labor force dynamics for individuals at older ages, with half working part-time and over a third leaving and later re-entering the labor force at some point. The high rate of exit and re-entry is especially puzzling when considering the flat and declining wage profiles observed at older ages and uncertainty about future re-employment. Using Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data, we document the timing and prevalence of these behaviors and show that reverse retirees resemble permanent retirees across many observables, but differ notably in reported job stress and polygenic scores linked to stress sensitivity. To understand what drives these behaviors, we develop and estimate a dynamic model of retirement that incorporates uncertainty in wages and health, along with a novel “burnout-recovery” process representing the accumulation and dissipation of work-related stress. The model replicates key patterns in the data, accounting for over two-thirds of reverse retirement and 40 percent of transitions to part-time work—patterns that cannot be explained by health or wealth shocks alone. Our findings suggest that reverse retirement is largely a predictable response to recoverable stress rather than a reaction to shocks. Policy simulations show that part-time subsidies and sabbaticals enhance labor force attachment and welfare by reducing burnout, while eliminating the Retirement Earnings Test raises re-entry but also increases stress exposure. Together, these findings highlight the central role of stress dynamics in shaping retirement behavior and inform the design of policies to support work at older ages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Partial retirement opportunities and the labor supply of older individuals (2025)
Zitatform
Kantarcı, Tunga, Jim Been, Arthur van Soest & Daniël van Vuuren (2025): Partial retirement opportunities and the labor supply of older individuals. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 96. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102739
Abstract
"We evaluate partial retirement options as an instrument to increase labor participation among older individuals. In a stated choice experiment, Dutch survey respondents were asked to choose among early, late and partial retirement scenarios purged from restrictions on part-time work and gradual retirement. Retirement scenario characteristics were randomized, generating rich variation in the choice options. The stated choices are validated using revealed preference data on (planned) retirement decisions. Using the stated choice data, we estimate a model that makes the trade-offs between leisure and income over the life cycle explicit, and use the estimated model for counterfactual policy simulations. We find that, as expected, higher (full) pension eligibility ages make actuarially fair (abrupt) early retirement more attractive and make late retirement less attractive, while about one in three respondents prefer partial retirement irrespective of the eligibility age. Early retirement becomes more attractive than late retirement when individuals do not have the partial retirement option. Moreover, the partial retirement decision is sensitive to financial incentives so that subsidizing partial retirement with higher wages or with more than actuarially fair pension increases for delaying retirement increases total labor supply. These findings demonstrate the potential of partial retirement as a policy instrument to stimulate labor participation, especially when pension eligibility is delayed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Breaking the Implicit Contract: Using Pension Freezes to Study Lifetime Labor Supply (2025)
Patki, Dhiren;Zitatform
Patki, Dhiren (2025): Breaking the Implicit Contract: Using Pension Freezes to Study Lifetime Labor Supply. In: Journal of Political Economy Macroeconomics, Jg. 3, H. 3, S. 305-342. DOI:10.1086/736925
Abstract
"This paper studies the elimination of defined benefit pensions and subsequent adoption of 401(k) plans by U.S. employers. Using matched employer-employee data linked to thousands of firm-level retirement plan changes, it shows that unexpected losses in future compensation engendered by pensions plan transitions induce premature retirement for some workers and delayed retirement for others. Heterogeneity in retirement behavior stems from differences in the relative strength of substitution and wealth effects. Exploiting treatment effects as estimation targets, it fits a model of retirement and uses the model to quantify welfare costs and labor supply effects of changes in workplace penstion structure." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitslosenversicherung: Einheitliche Bezugsdauer spart Milliarden (2025)
Schäfer, Holger; Seele, Stefanie;Zitatform
Schäfer, Holger & Stefanie Seele (2025): Arbeitslosenversicherung: Einheitliche Bezugsdauer spart Milliarden. (IW-Kurzberichte / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln 2025,63), Köln, 3 S.
Abstract
"Die verlängerte Bezugsdauer von Arbeitslosengeld für Ältere führt zu einer längeren Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit. Eine Vereinheitlichung auf 12 Monate ist gerecht, könnte den Haushalt der Bundesagentur für Arbeit um über 2 Milliarden Euro entlasten und schafft einen Anreiz, bis zur Regelaltersgrenze am Arbeitsmarkt aktiv zu bleiben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Beiträge des Arbeitsmarktes zur Finanzierung der Alterssicherung (2025)
Zitatform
Walwei, Ulrich (2025): Beiträge des Arbeitsmarktes zur Finanzierung der Alterssicherung. In: M. Ferber & S. Schmid (Hrsg.) (2025): Die Zukunft der Altersversorgung in Deutschland, S. 24-33.
Abstract
"Die absehbaren Veränderungen des Erwerbspersonenpotenzials haben nicht nur Folgen für den Arbeitsmarkt, sondern auch sozialpolitische Konsequenzen. Der Anteil der Bevölkerung über 65 Jahre in Relation zu den Erwerbspersonen (beispielsweise zwischen 20- und 64-Jährigen) wird weiter steigen. Der sogenannte „Altenquotient“ zeigt damit an, dass es ohne zusätzliche Erwerbspersonen immer schwerer werden wird, die Rentenversicherung nachhaltig zu finanzieren. Ein Ansatzpunkt, um dem entgegenzuwirken ist die Verbreitung der Basis des Erwerbspersonenpotenzials. Die Erschließung zusätzlicher Arbeitskräftereserven ist zwar kein Selbstläufer, aber auch alternativlos. Wichtige Felder sind in diesem Kontext die dauerhafte Stärkung der Erwerbsmigration sowie deutlich mehr Erwerbsanreize für die Beschäftigung von Älteren und Müttern. Nicht außer Acht lassen sollte man für die künftige Finanzierung der Altersvorsorge zudem Produktivitätserhöhungen und damit verbundene Lohnsteigerungen. Wollte man dies erreichen, ginge es um eine signifikante Stärkung von frühkindlicher und schulischer Bildung sowie von Aus- und Weiterbildung." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Flexible Übergänge in den Ruhestand: Verbreitung und Ausgestaltung von Altersteilzeit und Zeitwertkonten (2025)
Zitatform
Wanger, Susanne (2025): Flexible Übergänge in den Ruhestand: Verbreitung und Ausgestaltung von Altersteilzeit und Zeitwertkonten. (IAB-Forschungsbericht 24/2025), Nürnberg, 57 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FB.2524
Abstract
"Der demografische Wandel führt zu einer Schrumpfung und Alterung des Erwerbspersonenpotenzials. Daher wird es für Betriebe zunehmend wichtiger, gut qualifiziertes Personal möglichst lange zu halten. Vor diesem Hintergrund gewinnt die Erwerbsbeteiligung älterer Personen an Bedeutung, insbesondere die Frage, unter welchen Rahmenbedingungen deren Beschäftigungsfähigkeit möglichst lange erhalten und gefördert werden kann. Gleitende Übergänge in den Ruhestand, wie sie durch Altersteilzeit oder Langzeitkonten ermöglicht werden, können hierzu einen wertvollen Beitrag leisten. Dieser Forschungsbericht bietet einen umfassenden Überblick über die Gestaltung, Verbreitung und Nutzung dieser Regelungen. Anhand von Daten der IAB-Beschäftigtenhistorik wird zunächst die Entwicklung der Altersteilzeit analysiert. Dabei werden regionale und geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede sowie Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Inanspruchnahme nach Berufen, Belastungen, Betriebsgröße oder Branche beleuchtet. Zudem werden das Zu- und Abgangsalter der Altersteilzeitbeschäftigten, die Dauer der Altersteilzeit, das gewählte Arbeitszeitmodell und ausgeübte Nebentätigkeiten während dieser Phase berücksichtigt. Ende 2023 waren knapp 300.000 sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigte in Altersteilzeit tätig, was einer Nutzungsquote von rund 4 Prozent innerhalb der anspruchsberechtigten Altersgruppe der 55- bis 65-Jährigen entspricht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Altersteilzeit weiterhin häufig zur Verkürzung der Lebensarbeitszeit genutzt wird. So liegt das Zugangsalter zur Rente bei Altersteilzeitbeschäftigten deutlich niedriger als bei allen Versicherten. Aufgrund der starken Nutzung des sogenannten Blockmodells (80 %) erfolgt der tatsächliche Erwerbsausstieg nochmals früher. Zudem schließen Männer häufiger Altersteilzeitvereinbarungen ab als Frauen, da sie in der Regel mehr verdienen und seltener in Teilzeit arbeiten. Zusammenfassend lässt sich festhalten, dass die Altersteilzeit für Beschäftigte weiterhin in erster Linie dazu dient, über das Blockmodell früher aus dem Erwerbsleben auszusteigen. Für Betriebe stellt sie einen Weg dar, Personal sozialverträglich abzubauen und die Belegschaft zu verjüngen. Ergänzend untersucht der Forschungsbericht die betriebliche Verbreitung von Zeitkonten für längerfristige Freistellungen, die in den vergangenen Jahren an Bedeutung gewonnen haben. Mithilfe von Daten des IAB-Betriebspanels wird dargestellt, welche Betriebe Langzeitkonten anbieten und wofür die angesparten Zeitguthaben überwiegend verwendet werden. Bei Zeitkonten für längerfristige Arbeitsfreistellungen ist in den vergangenen Jahren ein Anstieg zu beobachten. Im Jahr 2022 gab es diese Option in rund 10 Prozent der Betriebe. Dabei steigt die Verbreitung mit zunehmender Betriebsgröße. Im Durchschnitt haben 18 Prozent der Beschäftigten Anspruch auf ein Zeitwertkonto. Tatsächlich genutzt hat es jedoch nur jeder dritte Anspruchsberechtigte, was 6 Prozent aller Beschäftigten entspricht. Langzeitkonten stehen tendenziell eher qualifizierteren Beschäftigten in größeren, tarifgebundenen Betrieben mit höherem Lohnniveau zur Verfügung. Die angesparten Zeitguthaben werden vor allem für Familienzeiten, Sabbaticals oder für Weiterbildungszeiten verwendet, seltener jedoch, um die Lebensarbeitszeit zu verkürzen. IAB-Forschungsbericht 24|2025 6 Insgesamt wird deutlich, dass die Möglichkeiten für ältere Beschäftigte, den Übergang in den Ruhestand flexibel zu gestalten, in der Praxis sehr unterschiedlich verteilt sind. Altersteilzeit und Zeitkonten für längerfristige Arbeitsfreistellungen sind vornehmlich in großen bzw. tarifgebundenen Betrieben zu finden. Ihre Inanspruchnahme hängt stark von den spezifischen Gegebenheiten der Betriebe ab. Häufig profitieren Beschäftigte mit besseren Arbeitsbedingungen und höheren Einkommen von diesen Regelungen, während Beschäftigte, die einen flexiblen Rentenbeginn am dringendsten benötigen würden, weniger Zugang zu diesen Möglichkeiten haben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Empowering older workers through self-regulation: how job crafting and leisure crafting enhance mindfulness and well-being at work (2025)
Zitatform
Xin, Xun, Lili Gao & Yuting He (2025): Empowering older workers through self-regulation: how job crafting and leisure crafting enhance mindfulness and well-being at work. In: Work, Aging and Retirement, Jg. 11, H. 3, S. 266-281. DOI:10.1093/workar/waae017
Abstract
"The capacity for self-regulation is crucial for older workers to maintain adaptability and well-being under aging-related challenges. Building on recent research suggesting that practices of self-regulation can enhance self-regulatory capacity, our study employs self-regulation theory to investigate how two distinct self-regulatory practices—job crafting (JC) and leisure crafting (LC)—support older workers in enhancing their work well-being through the lens of self-regulatory capacity, specifically mindfulness. Within this theoretical framework, we further explore the combined effects of JC and LC on adaptation to the aging process. A three-wave time-lagged survey was conducted among 227 older Chinese workers from science and technology enterprises. The results from latent structural equation modeling indicate that mindfulness at work mediates the relationship between crafting practices (both JC and LC) and work well-being. Moreover, JC and LC exhibit a compensatory relationship in facilitating mindfulness at work, which in turn promotes the work well-being of older workers. These findings offer a novel perspective grounded in self-regulation theory, highlighting how JC and LC contribute to successful aging by strengthening mindfulness capacity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Assessing the Labour Supply Effect of Harmonising Regular Retirement Age in Austria (2024)
Bittschi, Benjamin ; Warum, Philipp ; Mayrhuber, Christine; Spielauer, Martin ; Horvath, Thomas ; Mahringer, Helmut;Zitatform
Bittschi, Benjamin, Thomas Horvath, Helmut Mahringer, Christine Mayrhuber, Martin Spielauer & Philipp Warum (2024): Assessing the Labour Supply Effect of Harmonising Regular Retirement Age in Austria. (WIFO working papers 673), Wien, 26 S.
Abstract
"The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the ongoing harmonization of the retirement age for women with that for men on women's labor supply in Austria. According to the current legal framework, the standard retirement age for women will be gradually raised from 60 to 65 years from 2024 onwards, with the retirement age being raised by 6 months each year. The impact of the pension reform on women's labor supply is quantified using the dynamic microsimulation model microDEMS. This model integrates demographic changes in line with official population projections and detailed labor market modelling. According to our projections, the labour supply of women aged 60 to 64 increases by 87,000 in 2040 compared to a scenario in which the retirement age remains unchanged. We compare our results with two alternative approaches: the more stylised microWELT simulation model and a purely data-driven approach. While all methods produce very similar results in the long run, the detailed modelling in microDEMS provides more plausible results during the transition period when the reform is gradually implemented. This is because it allows for a realistic representation of pension paths, taking into account all relevant pension types and the corresponding eligibility criteria, such as sufficient accumulated insurance periods. In contrast to a purely data-driven approach, microDEMS modelling also has the advantage of explicitly representing and quantifying the components of the change in labour supply." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Pay-as-they-get-in: attitudes toward migrants and pension systems (2024)
Zitatform
Boeri, Tito, Matteo Gamalerio, Massimo Morelli & Margherita Negri (2024): Pay-as-they-get-in: attitudes toward migrants and pension systems. In: Journal of economic geography, Jg. 24, H. 1, S. 63-78. DOI:10.1093/jeg/lbad036
Abstract
"We study whether a better knowledge of the functioning of pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension systems and recent demographic trends affects natives’ attitudes toward immigration. In two online experiments conducted in Italy and Spain, we randomly treated participants with a video explaining how, in PAYG systems, the payment of current pensions depends on the contributions paid by current workers. The video also informs participants about population aging trends in their countries. The treatment increases knowledge of PAYG systems and future demographic trends for all participants. However, it improves attitudes toward migrants only for treated participants who do not support populist and anti-immigrant parties." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does Bridge Employment Mitigate or Exacerbate Inequalities Later in Life? (2024)
Cahill, Kevin E.; Giandrea, Michael D.; Quinn, Joseph F. ; Platts, Loretta G. ; Sacco, Lawrence B. ;Zitatform
Cahill, Kevin E., Michael D. Giandrea, Joseph F. Quinn, Lawrence B. Sacco & Loretta G. Platts (2024): Does Bridge Employment Mitigate or Exacerbate Inequalities Later in Life? In: Work, Aging and Retirement, Jg. 10, H. 2, S. 77-99. DOI:10.1093/workar/waac020
Abstract
"Most older Americans with career employment change jobs at least once before retiring from the labor market. Much is known about the prevalence and determinants of these bridge jobs, yet relatively little is known about the implications of such job changes—compared to direct exits from a career job —upon economic disparities in later life. In this article, we use 26 years of longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study to document the various pathways that older Americans take when exiting the labor force, and examine how bridge employment affects nonhousing wealth and total wealth, including the present discounted value of Social Security benefits. We find that gradual retirement in the form of bridge employment neither exacerbates nor mitigates wealth inequalities among Americans who hold career jobs later in life. That said, we do find some evidence that wealth inequalities grow among the subset of older career workers who transition from career employment to bridge employment at older ages. One policy implication of our article is that it provides evidence that might allay concerns about the potential for disparate financial impacts associated with the gradual retirement process." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The subsidy trap: Explaining the unsatisfactory effectiveness of hiring subsidies for the senior unemployed (2024)
Zitatform
Dalle, Axana, Elsy Verhofstadt & Stijn Baert (2024): The subsidy trap: Explaining the unsatisfactory effectiveness of hiring subsidies for the senior unemployed. (Working paper / Ghent University. Faculty of Economics and Business Administration 2024/1082), Gent, 36 S.
Abstract
"To extend the labor market participation of seniors, numerous countries provide subsidies to incentivise their recruitment or employment. Prior research demonstrates that the effectiveness of such subsidies is rather unsatisfactory, although the reasons for this inadequacy remain unclear. Therefore, we examined negative employer perceptions triggered by eligibility for such subsidies that might explain this disappointing effectiveness. To this end, we set up a vignette experiment in which 292 genuine recruiters assessed fictitious candidates on their hireability and underlying productivity estimations. These candidates differed experimentally in their eligibility for a hiring subsidy targeted at the unemployed aged 58 or over. Our results indicate that the subsidy has a negative effect on their hiring outcomes. This adverse effect is explained by negative perceptions that counteract the financial incentive. Specifically, the subsidized candidates signal lower physical and technological skills along with an augmented difficulty in hiring and labor inspection." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The subsidy trap: Explaining the unsatisfactory effectiveness of hiring subsidies for the senior unemployed (2024)
Zitatform
Dalle, Axana, Elsy Verhofstadt & Stijn Baert (2024): The subsidy trap: Explaining the unsatisfactory effectiveness of hiring subsidies for the senior unemployed. In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Jg. 227. DOI:10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106713
Abstract
"To extend the labour market participation of seniors, numerous countries provide subsidies to incentivise their recruitment or employment. Prior research demonstrates that the effectiveness of such subsidies is rather unsatisfactory, although the reasons for this inadequacy remain unclear. Therefore, we examined negative employer perceptions triggered by eligibility for such subsidies that might explain this disappointing effectiveness. To this end, we set up a vignette experiment in which 292 genuine recruiters assessed fictitious candidates on their hireability and underlying productivity estimations. These candidates differed experimentally in their eligibility for a hiring subsidy targeted at the unemployed aged 58 or over. Our results indicate that the subsidy has a negative effect on their hiring outcomes. This adverse effect is explained by negative perceptions that counteract the financial incentive. Specifically, the subsidised candidates signal lower physical and technological skills along with an augmented difficulty in hiring and labour inspection." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Old-age unemployment and labour supply: an application to Belgium (2024)
Zitatform
De Brouwer, Octave & Ilan Tojerow (2024): Old-age unemployment and labour supply: an application to Belgium. In: Empirical economics, Jg. 67, H. 1, S. 253-287. DOI:10.1007/s00181-023-02544-1
Abstract
"Over the last two decades, social security reforms in several European countries have turned early retirement routes for older workers increasingly difficult. The size of the effects of these reforms on labor supply and social security transfers, and how these effects interact with workers' characteristics have yet to be measured. This article sheds light on this issue by exploring the consequences of postponing access to an old-age unemployment program—from age 58 to 60—in Belgium. The program provides laid-off workers with a combination of unemployment benefits and a monthly supplement paid by the employer until the full retirement age. Exploiting register data on the universe of workers and using a difference-in-difference identification strategy, the authors find that UCS eligibility negatively affects employment participation but also mitigates older workers' participation in other social security programs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
When Institutions Interact: How the Effects of Unemployment Insurance are Shaped by Retirement Policies: Ungated Version to NBER working paper 31807 (2024)
Zitatform
Gudgeon, Matthew, Pablo Guzman, Johannes F. Schmieder, Simon Trenkle & Han Ye (2024): When Institutions Interact: How the Effects of Unemployment Insurance are Shaped by Retirement Policies. Ungated Version to NBER working paper 31807. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 31807 (ungated Version 2024)), Cambridge, Mass, 62 S.
Abstract
"In diesem Beitrag wird empirisch gezeigt, dass die Auswirkungen der Arbeitslosenversicherung (ALV) auf die Nichtbeschäftigung älterer Arbeitnehmer in erster Linie von der Struktur der Rentenpolitik abhängen. Anhand von deutschen Daten präsentieren wir zunächst Belege für diese Wechselwirkungen und dokumentieren eine starke Bündelung der Zuflüsse in die Arbeitslosenversicherung in dem Alter, in dem die Arbeitnehmer nach Ablauf der Arbeitslosenversicherung ihre Rente beantragen können. Anschließend schätzen wir ein dynamisches Lebenszyklusmodell und verwenden es, um direkt zu quantifizieren, wie die Auswirkungen der Arbeitslosenversicherung mit der Rentenpolitik variieren. Die Berücksichtigung von Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Institutionen der Sozialversicherung und des Ruhestands hilft auch bei der Erklärung von ansonsten schwer zu erklärenden Trends in der Arbeitslosenquote älterer deutscher Arbeitnehmer." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of pension reform on employment, retirement, and disability insurance claims (2024)
Zitatform
Hernaes, Erik, Simen Markussen, John Piggott & Knut Røed (2024): The impact of pension reform on employment, retirement, and disability insurance claims. In: Journal of Population Economics, Jg. 37, H. 4. DOI:10.1007/s00148-024-01052-5
Abstract
"We evaluate the 2011 comprehensive reform of Norwegian early retirement institutions using a parsimonious random utility choice model. Conditional on employment at age 60, we estimate a three-state conditional logit model to explain the realized labor market state at age 63 among the alternatives of employment, retirement, and disability program participation. The reform radically changed work incentives and/or pension access age for some (but not all) workers, such that the influence of economic incentives can be identified based on reform-generated variation only. We find that improved work incentives caused employment rates to rise considerably at the expense of early retirement and exit through disability insurance. Improved liquidity through a lower age to access own pension funds on actuarially neutral terms caused a small increase in employment and a large drop in disability program participation. Properly designed pension reforms thus need to take the interplay between old-age pension and disability insurance programs into account." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Societal Aging and Attitudes towards Women in the Labor Market: Evidence from European Countries (2024)
Zitatform
Irmen, Andreas, Rana Cömertpay & Anastasia Litina (2024): Societal Aging and Attitudes towards Women in the Labor Market: Evidence from European Countries. In: Economics Bulletin, Jg. 44, H. 4, S. 1326-1332.
Abstract
"This paper examines the relationship between societal aging and attitudes toward women in the labor market. We hypothesize that, up to a certain point, these attitudes are more favorable as societies grow ”older”. In these societies, people may better recognize that an increase in female labor force participation can help mitigate the challenges that societal aging imposes on the welfare state. To test this hypothesis, we conduct a multilevel analysis of individuals from 25 European OECD countries between 2004 and 2017, using the Old Age Dependency Ratio (OADR) as a proxy for societal aging and gender-related questions from the European Social Survey (ESS). Our findings reveal a hump-shaped relationship between societal aging and attitudes towards women in the labor market. In the early stages of demographic change, particularly in countries with a rising OADR, positive attitudes can be attributed to the recognition that an aging population necessitates a larger working-age population, making women a logical resource for expansion, thus fostering more favorable norms. However, as societal aging progresses further, conservative views associated with older populations begin to dominate, leading to a deterioration in gender norms. in the labor market. In the early stages of demographic change, particularly in countries with a rising OADR, positive attitudes can be attributed to the recognition that an aging population necessitates a larger working-age population, making women a logical resource for expansion, thus fostering more favorable norms. However, as societal aging progresses further, conservative views associated with older populations begin to dominate, leading to a deterioration in gender norms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social Security and Inequality in Belgium (2024)
Zitatform
Klinges, Giulia, Alain Jousten & Mathieu Lefebvre (2024): Social Security and Inequality in Belgium. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16735), Bonn, 37 S.
Abstract
"Over the years, the Belgian social security system has undergone substantial reform with a prime focus on increasing older worker labor force participation. The paper explores the effect of past reforms on inequality in old age. We distinguish two separate effects: The mechanical effect considers the change in inequality and expected benefit levels due to the reforms for a fixed retirement age distribution. The behavioral effect accounts for the endogenous change caused by changes in the incentives to work. Our results show that mechanically, reforms have led to losses in expected benefits for all but the lowest income quintile. Behavioral changes had a positive but orders of magnitude smaller effect. Overall, inequality decreased as a result of reforms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Pension reforms and couples’ labour supply decisions (2024)
Zitatform
Moghadam, Hamed Markazi, Patrick A. Puhani & Joanna Tyrowicz (2024): Pension reforms and couples’ labour supply decisions. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 91. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102627
Abstract
"This study examines how retirement options for husbands and wives impact their labour supply decisions using a regression discontinuity design. In the context of German pension reforms, which have tightened early retirement possibilities, we find that coordination in retirement decisions between spouses was more prevalent and symmetrical before the reforms, but less so after. This sheds light on the role of early retirement possibilities in shaping couples’ reactions to one spouse’s retirement age." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wirkungen des Rentenpakets II: Ältere profitieren, Jüngere verlieren (2024)
Ragnitz, Joachim;Zitatform
Ragnitz, Joachim (2024): Wirkungen des Rentenpakets II: Ältere profitieren, Jüngere verlieren. In: Ifo Dresden berichtet, Jg. 31, H. 4, S. 22-25.
Abstract
"Die Bundesregierung plant mit dem sogenannten Rentenpaket II die Stabilisierung des Rentenniveaus bei 48% des durchschnittlichen Lohneinkommens als eines der zentralen Vorhaben des Koalitionsvertrags. Eine detaillierte Betrachtung zeigt, dass von der geplanten Reform vor allem die derzeitigen Rentner*innen sowie die rentennahen Jahrgänge profitieren. Für die jüngeren Kohorten ist die von der Bundesregierung geplante Festschreibung des Rentenniveaus letzten Endes nachteilig. Sie profitieren zwar im Alter von den garantierten Renten, haben aber über ihre Erwerbsphase hinweg höhere Beiträge zu leisten." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Situation Älterer am Arbeitsmarkt (2024)
Räder, Evelyn; Rodenberg, Ina;Zitatform
Räder, Evelyn & Ina Rodenberg (2024): Situation Älterer am Arbeitsmarkt. (Arbeitsmarkt aktuell 2024,02), 29 S.
Abstract
"Steigende Erwerbstätigen und Beschäftigungsquoten lassen vermuten, dass sich auch die Situation älterer Menschen am Arbeitsmarkt grundlegend verbessert hätte. Bei detaillierter Betrachtung zeigen sich jedoch immer noch deutliche Handlungsbedarfe. Wird die Erfahrung Älterer wenig geschätzt, werden sie in Modernisierungsprozessen nicht mitgenommen, wird ihnen kaum Weiterbildung ermöglicht, wird auf die langfristige Gesunderhaltung der Mitarbeiter*innen und auf sinnvolle Entlastungen für Ältere nicht geachtet, werden Ältere in der Arbeitswelt abgehängt. Der DGB und seine Mitgliedsgewerkschaften fordern daher eine alters- und alternsgerechte Gestaltung von Arbeitsplätzen sowie die Arbeits- und vor allem die Qualifizierungsförderung für ältere Menschen quantitativ und qualitativ auszubauen .Die weitere Anhebung des Renteneintrittsalters und die Abschaffung der abschlagsfreien Rente für besonders langjährig Versicherte (sog. Rente mit 63 sowie die Abschaffung der längeren Bezugsdauer von Arbeitslosengeld für über Fünfzigjährige sind hingegen Irrwege." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Are Trajectories of Preferred Retirement Ages Associated with Health, Work Ability and Effort–Reward Imbalance at Work? Findings from a 6-Year Swedish Longitudinal Study (2024)
Zitatform
Sousa-Ribeiro, Marta, Johanna Stengård, Constanze Leineweber & Claudia Bernhard-Oettel (2024): Are Trajectories of Preferred Retirement Ages Associated with Health, Work Ability and Effort–Reward Imbalance at Work? Findings from a 6-Year Swedish Longitudinal Study. In: Work, Aging and Retirement, Jg. 10, H. 3, S. 225-240. DOI:10.1093/workar/waad006
Abstract
"Preferred retirement age (PRA) is one key dimension when studying retirement decision-making. However, little is known concerning how PRA develops over the late career years. This study used a person-centered approach to longitudinally investigate trajectories of PRA and how they differ in self-rated health, perceived work ability, and effort–reward imbalance (ERI) at baseline levels and over 6 years. The study used data from four waves (2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016) of the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health. The sample consisted of 1,510 individuals aged 50–55 in 2010, who answered to the questionnaire for those in paid work (including self-employment) at the baseline and at least one of the following waves. Results from the latent class growth curve modeling show both within- and between-person variability in PRA over the 6-year span. We found four distinct trajectories, which differed both at the baseline levels and in the patterns of change in PRA: “C1: normative, relatively stable PRA” (42% of all participants); “C2: considerably early, increasing PRA” (6% of the participants); “C3: late, relatively stable PRA” (4% of the participants); and “C4: early, increasing PRA” (49% of the participants). Participants revealed a clear preference for retirement before the age of 65. Trajectories comprising earlier PRA showed poorer self-rated health, poorer work ability, and higher levels of ERI at the baseline and over time. The findings reinforce the importance of healthy work environments that promote work ability and facilitate a balance between efforts and rewards for encouraging longer working lives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Estimation of a Life-Cycle Model with Human Capital, Labor Supply, and Retirement (2024)
Taber, Christopher; Seshadri, Ananth; Fan, Xiaodong;Zitatform
Taber, Christopher, Ananth Seshadri & Xiaodong Fan (2024): Estimation of a Life-Cycle Model with Human Capital, Labor Supply, and Retirement. In: Journal of Political Economy, Jg. 132, H. 1, S. 48-95. DOI:10.1086/726232
Abstract
"We estimate a life-cycle model of consumption, human capital investment, and labor supply. The interaction between human capital and labor supply towards the end of the life cycle is most novel. The estimates replicate the main features of the data, in particular the large increase in wages and small increase in labor supply at the beginning of the life cycle and the small decrease in wages but large decrease in labor supply towards the end. We show that incorporating human capital is critical when analyzing changes to Social Security." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender and Educational Inequalities in Extending Working Lives: Late-Life Employment Trajectories Across Three Decades in Seven Countries (2024)
Zitatform
Turek, Konrad, Kène Henkens & Matthijs Kalmijn (2024): Gender and Educational Inequalities in Extending Working Lives: Late-Life Employment Trajectories Across Three Decades in Seven Countries. In: Work, Aging and Retirement, Jg. 10, H. 2, S. 100-122. DOI:10.1093/workar/waac021
Abstract
"Public policies encourage later retirement, but they often do not account for discrepancies in the capacity for extending working lives. This paper studies trends and inequalities in extending working lives between 1990 and 2019 from gender and education perspectives in seven countries (Australia, Germany, Russia, South Korea, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and United States). The three-decade-long data provide insights into the societal transition toward extended employment that began in the mid-1990s. Using latent class growth analysis, we identify five universal trajectories representing late-life employment in all countries: Early, Standard and Late Exit patterns, and stable Nonemployment and Late Employment patterns. Regression analyses show that Non-Employment dominated the 1990s, but it significantly declined, giving space to Late Employment as one of the major employment pathways. Gender and educational differences are considerable and stable and constitute important stratification markers of late careers. Progress toward later employment affects all analyzed countries but in different ways, suggesting the simple generalizations of one-country findings can be risky. We discuss the risks of universal progress toward extending employment that can bring unequal results and negative consequences for vulnerable groups. This study also contributes methodologically by exploring the trajectory-oriented perspective on late careers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Older Workers in Germany: Employment Potentials in International Comparison (2024)
Zitatform
Walwei, Ulrich (2024): Older Workers in Germany: Employment Potentials in International Comparison. (IAB-Forschungsbericht 14/2024 (en)), Nürnberg, 24 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FB.2414EN
Abstract
"In vielen Staaten der westlichen Welt erreichen die geburtenstarken Jahrgänge mehr und mehr das Rentenalter. Da weniger junge Arbeitskräfte in den Arbeitsmarkt nachrücken als Ältere ausscheiden, sinkt unter sonst gleichen Bedingungen die Zahl der verfügbaren Arbeitskräfte. Gleichzeitig wachsen die Finanzierungsprobleme in der Rentenversicherung, denn insbesondere in den international weit verbreiteten Umlagesystemen zahlen immer weniger Menschen in die Altersvorsorge ein. Gleichzeitig wächst der Anteil der Rentenbeziehenden. Vor diesem Hintergrund rückt die Erwerbsbeteiligung älterer Personen verstärkt in den Fokus. Der Bericht startet mit einer Übersicht der Erwerbsarbeit von Älteren in einem breiteren internationalen Vergleich. Dem folgt eine Situationsbeschreibung für Deutschland. Im Anschluss soll ein genauerer Blick auf die Länder gerichtet werden, die bei der Erwerbstätigkeit Älterer ganz vorne stehen. Es geht darum, Anhaltspunkte für diejenigen Faktoren zu erhalten, die das hohe Beschäftigungsniveau der Älteren in diesen Ländern begünstigt haben könnten. Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland hat bei der Beschäftigung Älterer in den letzten Dekaden deutlich aufgeholt. Dies gilt insbesondere für die 50-64-Jährigen. Im Vergleich zu den Spitzenländern fehlen mittlerweile nur noch wenige Prozentpunkte. Ein größerer Rückstand besteht allerdings noch bei den 65- bis 74-Jährigen. Der künftige Abstand zu anderen Ländern wird bei dieser Altersgruppe durch gegenläufige Entwicklungen beeinflusst. Durch die weiteren Schritte in Richtung der „Rente mit 67“ dürfte er sich vermutlich weiter verringern, durch die „Rente mit 63“ aber verlangsamt werden. Deutschland wird mit Blick auf die Erwerbstätigenquoten Älterer aber noch von einigen Ländern übertroffen. Hier stellt sich die Frage, welche Faktoren hinter der günstigen Entwicklung des Arbeitsmarktes für Ältere in diesen Ländern stehen könnten. Zu Vergleichszwecken wird in diesem Bericht die Situation in Japan, Neuseeland, Island, Norwegen und Schweden näher betrachtet, die weltweit die höchsten Erwerbstätigenquoten von Älteren aufweisen. Dabei werden nacheinander verschiedene, für die Erwerbstätigkeit Älterer bedeutsame Aspekte aus einer international vergleichenden Perspektive beleuchtet. Der Vergleich ergibt eine ganze Reihe von wichtigen Punkten, an die in anderen Ländern angeknüpft werden könnte. Die hohe Alterserwerbstätigkeit in Island, Schweden und Norwegen steht in Verbindung mit der in beiden Ländern hohen Frauenerwerbsbeteiligung und kontinuierlichen Verbesserungen im Bildungsniveau der Bevölkerung, einschließlich der beruflichen Weiterbildung. Neuseeland weist einen geringen Lohnabstand von Älteren gegenüber Jüngeren und hohe Einstellungsquoten Älterer auf, die zudem auch das Ergebnis einer konsequenten und öffentlich wahrnehmbaren Antidiskriminierungspolitik sind. In Japan spielen der demografisch bedingt sehr starke Arbeitskräftebedarf und Einkommensbedarfe auf individueller Ebene eine offenbar sehr große Rolle, da viele Ältere dort erwerbstätig sein müssen, um ihren Lebensunterhalt zu sichern. Hohe bzw. steigende Erwerbstätigenquoten Älterer sind grundsätzlich kein Selbstläufer. Sie setzen eine gute Bildung und Qualifikation auf der individuellen Ebene sowie die Möglichkeit und Befähigung zu lebenslangem Lernen voraus. Auch gesundheitliche Prävention ist für ein langes Erwerbsleben wichtig, die wie die Bildung am besten so früh wie möglich beginnt. Hohe Erwerbstätigenquoten Älterer werden nicht nur durch die individuelle Beschäftigungsfähigkeit begünstigt, sondern auch durch die Attraktivität des Arbeitsmarkts und damit der für Ältere erreichbaren Beschäftigung. Je besser es gelingt, Kompetenzen und Fähigkeiten der Älteren zu stärken, alters- und alternsgerechte Arbeit zu organisieren und flexibel auf Beschäftigtenwünsche einzugehen, desto größer ist die Chance, Ältere am Arbeitsmarkt zu halten oder zurückzugewinnen. Schließlich sind auch Regulierungen und Förderprogramme ins Blickfeld zu nehmen, die Anreize für Beschäftigung im Alter setzen. Zu nennen sind hier die Flexibilität des Rentenzugangs, arbeitsrechtliche Erleichterungen bei der Weiterbeschäftigung im Alter, die Bezugsdauer des Arbeitslosengelds für Ältere sowie die Berücksichtigung älterer Arbeitsloser in der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Ähnliche Treffer
auch deutschsprachig erschienen -
Literaturhinweis
Lohnt sich der Hinzuverdienst bei vorgezogenem Rentenbezug? (2023)
Zitatform
Beznoska, Martin & Ruth Maria Schüler (2023): Lohnt sich der Hinzuverdienst bei vorgezogenem Rentenbezug? (IW-Kurzberichte / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln 2023,40), Köln, 3 S.
Abstract
"Zum 1. Januar 2023 ist die Hinzuverdienstgrenze für vorgezogene Altersrenten gefallen. Rentnerinnen und Rentner, die vorzeitig mit Abschlägen oder abschlagsfrei in Rente gehen, können neben dem Bezug ihrer Rente unbegrenzt sozialversicherungspflichtig weiterverdienen. Die Abgabenbelastung ist jedoch relativ hoch, so dass die Arbeitsanreize eher gering sind." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The Role of Disability Insurance on the Labour Market Trajectories of Europeans (2023)
Zitatform
Brugiavini, Agar & Petru Crudu (2023): The Role of Disability Insurance on the Labour Market Trajectories of Europeans. (Working papers / Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Dipartimento di Economia 2023,20), Venezia, 81 S.
Abstract
"This work documents the role played by disability insurance, typically part of a wider public pension provision package, on the labour market trajectories and retirement decisions. We will first employ a machine learning approach to estimate a Transition Probability Model able to uncover the most likely labour market histories and then evaluate the effects of policy reforms, including reforms to the eligibility for disability insurance benefits. The main contribution is the introduction of disability insurance programs within a framework, which models the entire life course of older Europeans. This requires the detailed administrative eligibility criteria prevailing in each of the 11 countries from 1970 to 2017. Results show that the disability route and early retirement are substitutes. In addition, tightening eligibility rules of disability programs crowd out disabled workers, whose reductions in working capacities are correctly assessed, towards other compensatory schemes (e.g., unemployment benefits or early pension) in which working is not expected. On the contrary, individuals with over-assessed reductions in working capacities are the most reactive to disability policy restrictions. In conclusion, efficient disability assessment procedures are crucial for incentivising labour market participation without hurting individuals most in need." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Retirement Decision of Belgian Couples and the Impact of the Social Security System (2023)
Zitatform
Cetin, Sefane & Alain Jousten (2023): Retirement Decision of Belgian Couples and the Impact of the Social Security System. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16470), Bonn, 30 S.
Abstract
"This paper investigates the retirement patterns of married couples in Belgium. To forecast retirement behavior, we use administrative Social Security data from 2003 to 2017 and a discrete choice random utility model. In particular, we concentrate on the spousal bonus of pension payments to comprehend how financial incentives resulting from the social security system's structural design affect both partners' retirement decisions. We simulate the effect of the elimination of the spousal bonus and find that a small portion of women delay their retirement whereas the rest substitute into alternative social security benefits. Our results do not only highlight the significance of cross-program spillovers between various Social Security benefits, but also the heterogeneity in preferences for retirement and asymmetry of retirement behavior between husbands and wives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Nothing Really Matters: Evaluating Demand-Side Moderators of Age Discrimination in Hiring (2023)
Zitatform
Dalle, Axana, Louis Lippens & Stijn Baert (2023): Nothing Really Matters: Evaluating Demand-Side Moderators of Age Discrimination in Hiring. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16672), Bonn, 60 S.
Abstract
"As age discrimination hampers the OECD's ambition to extend the working population, an efficient anti-discrimination policy targeted at the right employers is critical. Therefore, the context in which age discrimination is most prevalent must be identified. In this study, we thoroughly review the current theoretical arguments and empirical findings regarding moderators of age discrimination in different demand-side domains (i.e. decision-maker, vacancy, occupation, organisation, and sector). Our review demonstrates that the current literature is highly fragmented and often lacks field-experimental evidence, raising concerns about its internal and external validity. To address this gap, we conducted a correspondence experiment and systematically linked the resulting data to external data sources. In so doing, we were able to study the priorly determined demand-side moderators within a single multi-level analysis and simultaneously control multiple correlations between potential moderators and discrimination estimates. Having done so, we found no empirical support for any of these moderators." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Priming or learning? The influence of pension policy information on individual preferences in Germany, Spain and the United States (2023)
Zitatform
Fernández, Juan J., Gema García-Albacete, Antonio M. Jaime-Castillo & Jonas Radl (2023): Priming or learning? The influence of pension policy information on individual preferences in Germany, Spain and the United States. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 33, H. 3, S. 337-352. DOI:10.1177/09589287231164347
Abstract
"A promising approach to pension policy preferences focuses on the influence of policy related information. We advance this research programme by examining the impact of information about future pension benefits, including whether information effects occur through priming, learning or both. Drawing on a novel, split-sample survey experiment in the US, Germany and Spain, we examine the impact of information on forecasted pension replacement rates for 2040 on pension policy attitudes. Findings indicate that the information treatment increases support for the two outcomes considered: (i) increases in the pensionable age and (ii) greater spending on pensions relative to other social programmes. Analyses of heterogeneous treatment effects accounting for prior beliefs of participants show that information effects occur both through priming and learning. The study concludes that hard, non-partisan information increases support for reforms that foster the financial sustainability of pension systems, although the scope of information effects depends on contextual conditions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The value of pension reforms for late working life: evidence from Sweden (2023)
Zitatform
Focacci, Chiara Natalie, Gülin Öylü, Andreas Motel-Klingebiel & Susanne Kelfve (2023): The value of pension reforms for late working life: evidence from Sweden. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 43, H. 13/14, S. 79-89. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-02-2023-0038
Abstract
"Purpose: Driven by the aim to increase the participation of older people in the labor force and to extend people's working lives, the Swedish Parliament passed a bill in 1998 to increase the pension eligibility age from 60 to 61 years and establish a notional defined-contribution (NDC) plan. In this article, the authors investigate the impacts towards the prolongation of working lives expected from such an intervention. Design/methodology/approach The authors apply a multinomial probabilistic model based on Swedish registry data on the birth cohorts 1937–1938 (n = 102,826) and observe differences in exit behaviour between eligible and non-eligible individuals. Findings: The authors find that the cohorts eligible to the pension reform exit the labor market at a later age compared to non-eligible cohorts at the 61-years cut-off. The authors also find that the effect persists in the long term. Furthermore, the authors find that both men and women are equally struck by the reform. Originality/value While there exist many descriptive reports and theoretical analyses on the costs and benefits of pension reforms, this study is the first one to empirically analyse the effect of the first European NDC pay-as-you go pension plan on the potential exclusion of old-aged workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Productivity of Unemployment and the Temporality of Employment-to-Come: Older Disadvantaged Job Seekers (2023)
Zitatform
Gerrard, Jessica & Juliet Watson (2023): The Productivity of Unemployment and the Temporality of Employment-to-Come: Older Disadvantaged Job Seekers. In: Sociological research online, Jg. 28, H. 1, S. 21-36. DOI:10.1177/13607804211009534
Abstract
"This article demonstrates how unemployment is made productive through workfare activities for older disadvantaged job seekers. We suggest that the requirement to look for work, engage in education and training, and participate in voluntary work blurs the boundaries between employment and unemployment. Drawing on in-depth qualitative research with older disadvantaged job seekers, we demonstrate how this obligatory productivity is lived and felt, characterised by shame and frustration and framed by the temporality of waiting and searching for work. We suggest that this experience of ‘productive’ unemployment can be described as a dissonant state of ‘transitional stasis’, whereby job seekers are expected to transition out of unemployment and poverty while experiencing the long-term and ongoing effects of immobility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Erwerbsminderungsrente: Weiterer Reformbedarf (2023)
Zitatform
Geyer, Johannes (2023): Erwerbsminderungsrente: Weiterer Reformbedarf. In: Wirtschaftsdienst, Jg. 103, H. 5, S. 290. DOI:10.2478/wd-2023-0089
Abstract
"Der Verlust der Erwerbsfähigkeit ist ein unterschätztes Einkommensrisiko. Erwerbsminderung ist für die überwiegende Mehrheit gleichbedeutend mit dem Wegfall ihrer wichtigsten Einkommensquelle, ihrem Lohn. Der Konsum wird dann aus einer Erwerbsminderungsrente, Transferleistungen, dem Einkommen anderer Haushaltsmitglieder, eigener Erwerbstätigkeit in geringem Stundenumfang und, falls vorhanden, Erspartem bestritten. Immerhin gehen rund 160.000 Menschen jährlich in eine Erwerbsminderungsrente. Im Rentenbestand sind es 1,8 Mio. Menschen, hinzu kommen etwa 2,7 Mio. Menschen, die inzwischen eine Altersrente beziehen. Bezogen auf alle Alters- und Erwerbsminderungsrenten liegt der Anteil der ursprünglich Erwerbsgeminderten bei immerhin 22 %." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
When Institutions Interact: How the Effects of Unemployment Insurance are Shaped by Retirement Policies (2023)
Zitatform
Gudgeon, Matthew, Pablo Guzman, Johannes F. Schmieder, Simon Trenkle & Han Ye (2023): When Institutions Interact: How the Effects of Unemployment Insurance are Shaped by Retirement Policies. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 31807), Cambridge, Mass, 62 S.
Abstract
"This paper shows empirically that the non-employment effects of unemployment insurance (UI) for older workers depend in a first-order way on the structure of retirement policies. Using German data, we first present reduced-form evidence of these interactions, documenting large bunching in UI inflows at the age that allows workers to claim their pension following UI expiration. We then estimate a dynamic life-cycle model and use it to directly quantify how the effects of UI vary with retirement policies. Accounting for interactions across UI and retirement institutions also helps explain otherwise difficult-to-explain trends in the unemployment rate of older German workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ageing and labor productivity (2023)
Zitatform
Hernaes, Erik, Tom Kornstad, Simen Markussen & Knut Røed (2023): Ageing and labor productivity. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 82. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2023.102347
Abstract
"We exploit a policy-induced shift in the labor supply of elderly (age 63–67) workers in Norway to explore how aging of the workforce within existing firms is likely to affect labor productivity and the demand for younger workers. Our results are imprecise, but indicate that a higher share of age 63–67 workers increases total wage costs and has a small positive effect on labor productivity in the short run. Postponed retirement of existing elderly workers leads to a significant decline in the hiring of younger (below age 30) workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Access to employer-provided paid leave and eldercare provision for older workers (2023)
Zitatform
Kim, Soohyun (2023): Access to employer-provided paid leave and eldercare provision for older workers. In: Community, work & family, Jg. 26, H. 3, S. 285-291. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2021.1885346
Abstract
"Paid leave for family and medical reasons is an important workplace benefit for older workers with eldercare responsibilities by offering time off from work to deal with the need for caregiving, but little is known about its effects on eldercare provision. I study the association between employer-provided paid leave and eldercare provision among workers aged 45 or over, using the 2011 and 2017–18 American Time Use Survey and its Leave Modules. Among various types of leave, paid leave for eldercare was the only type of leave associated with an increase in any care provision by six percentage points. The positive relationship was stronger for care provided less than daily than care provided daily. The significant, but small, increase in care provision associated with paid leave for eldercare suggests the role of paid leave in facilitating care for older adults among middle- and old-aged workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Pension Reforms and Couples' Labour Supply Decisions (2023)
Zitatform
Moghadam, Hamed Markazi, Patrick A. Puhani & Joanna Tyrowicz (2023): Pension Reforms and Couples' Labour Supply Decisions. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16039), Bonn, 43 S.
Abstract
"To determine how wives' and husbands' retirement options affect their spouses' (and their own) labour supply decisions, we exploit (early) retirement cutoffs by way of a regression discontinuity design. Several German pension reforms since the early 1990s have gradually raised women's retirement age from 60 to 65, but also increased ages for several early retirement pathways affecting both sexes. We use German Socio-Economic Panel data for a sample of couples aged 50 to 69 whose retirement eligibility occurred (i) prior to the reforms, (ii) during the transition years, and (iii) after the major set of reforms. We find that, prior to the reforms, when several retirement options were available to both husbands and wives, both react almost symmetrically to their spouse reaching an early retirement age, that is both husband and wife decrease their labour supply by about 5 percentage points when the spouse reaches age 60). This speaks in favour of leisure complementarities. However, after the set of reforms, when retiring early was much more difficult, we find no more significant labour supply reaction to the spouse reaching a retirement age, whereas reaching one's own retirement age still triggers a significant reaction in labour supply. Our results may explain some of the diverse findings in the literature on asymmetric reactions between husbands and wives to their spouse reaching a retirement age: such reactions may in large parts depend on how flexibly workers are able to retire." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Graying and Staying on the Job: The Welfare Implications of Employment Protection for Older Workers (2023)
Zitatform
Morris, Todd & Benoit Dostie (2023): Graying and Staying on the Job: The Welfare Implications of Employment Protection for Older Workers. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16430), Bonn, 44 S.
Abstract
"We study the welfare implications of employment protection for older workers, exploiting recent bans on mandatory retirement across Canadian provinces. Using linked employer- employee tax data, we show that the bans cause large and similar reductions in job separation rates and retirement hazards at age 65, with further reductions at higher ages. The effects vary substantially across industries and firms, and around two-fifths of the adjustments occur between ban announcement and implementation dates. We find no evidence that the demand for older workers falls, but the welfare effects are mediated by spillovers on savings behavior, workplace injuries, and spousal retirement timing." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Are active labour market policies effective for the older unemployed? A meta-evaluation (2023)
Zitatform
Orfao, Guillermo & Miguel Ángel Malo (2023): Are active labour market policies effective for the older unemployed? A meta-evaluation. In: Ageing & Society, Jg. 43, S. 1617-1637. DOI:10.1017/S0144686X21001288
Abstract
"We present a meta-evaluation of the literature on the impacts of active labour market policies for unemployed people over 50, extracting 82 impacts for analysis. The meta-evaluation includes only impact evaluations that examine both a group of beneficiaries and a control group of comparable non-beneficiaries. On average, we find that active policies have a slightly negative effect (−0.8 percentage points) on the probability of unemployed people over 50 finding a job and that this negative effect disappears 24 months after policy implementation. However, this effect is very different when disaggregated by policy type. Direct job creation policies have a clear negative effect (−3.9 percentage points), and training policies have a positive average effect, either in isolation (2.4 percentage points) or when combined with search assistance or counselling (1.7 percentage points). We also find slight differences by gender, with the effect of active policies being greater for women than for men. These results have important implications, given that the European Commission and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development have made active policies the cornerstone of their efforts to improve the re-employment of older people. Our results support training policies, either in isolation or in combination with search assistance and counselling. The greatest impacts are obtained after 12 months of policy implementation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Pathways of participation in paid and unpaid work in mid to later life in the United Kingdom (2023)
Zitatform
Sacco, Lawrence B., Laurie M. Corna, Debora Price & Karen Glaser (2023): Pathways of participation in paid and unpaid work in mid to later life in the United Kingdom. In: Ageing & Society, Jg. 43, H. 9, S. 2067-2094. DOI:10.1017/S0144686X21001537
Abstract
"Policy responses to population ageing have focused on lengthening working lives, overlooking inequalities in older adults’ participation in unpaid activities. This paper examines participation in paid and unpaid activities between the ages of 55 and 70 to answer two questions: how do people navigate pathways of paid work, informal care, volunteering, civic participation and housework in mid to later life?; and how do these pathways relate to gender, socio-economic and health inequalities? Two-staged latent class analysis was used to identify activity pathways using data from the British Household Panel Survey (1996–2008). Multinomial logistic models assessed associations between latent pathways and socio-demographic and health characteristics. Three pathways were observed: full-time work to low activity (49%), part-time and in-home work (34%) and multiple activities (16%). Aside from retirement from full-time work, the pathways of participation in paid and unpaid activities were characterised by continuity; substitution between different forms of paid and unpaid work was not observed. Participation in multiple paid and unpaid activities was more common for respondents in better health and of higher socio-economic status. Since the promotion of paid work and volunteering in later life may mainly benefit individuals in advantaged circumstances, policies should avoid taking a blanket approach to encouraging participation in multiple activities, a key component of active ageing." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Effect of Pension Wealth on Employment (2022)
Zitatform
Becker, Sebastian, Hermann Buslei, Johannes Geyer & Peter Haan (2022): The Effect of Pension Wealth on Employment. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 15836), Bonn, 49 S.
Abstract
"This study provides novel evidence about the pension wealth elasticity of employment. For the identification we exploit reform-induced variation of pension wealth that is related to the number of children but which does not affect the implicit tax rate of employment. We use a difference-in-differences estimator based on administrative data from the German pension insurance and find that, on average, the negative employment effect of pension wealth is significant and economically important. Heterogeneity analyses document a strong age pattern showing that the employment effects are driven by behavioral responses of women close to retirement. The age pattern is partly explained by the positive effect of pension wealth on disability pensions after the age of 60." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Altersrenten und sozialer Ausgleich in Deutschland und Österreich – ein Vergleich anhand von Modellrechnungen (2022)
Zitatform
Blank, Florian & Erik Türk (2022): Altersrenten und sozialer Ausgleich in Deutschland und Österreich – ein Vergleich anhand von Modellrechnungen. In: Sozialer Fortschritt, Jg. 71, H. 2, S. 139-163. DOI:10.3790/sfo.71.2.139
Abstract
"Die Gegenüberstellung der Rentenansprüche für einheitliche, idealtypische Biografien ermöglicht den Vergleich von Unterschieden der Rentensysteme selbst. Die von der OECD erstellten Modellbiografien mit durchgehenden Erwerbsverläufen, abschlagsfreiem Renteneintritt und stabilen Einkommenspositionen bilden den Ausgangspunkt für den Vergleich der Rentenversicherungen Deutschlands und Österreichs. Die Vorgehensweise der OECD wird dargestellt, sofern erforderlich korrigiert, aktualisiert und weiterentwickelt. Zusätzlich werden Arbeitslosigkeit, vorzeitiger Renteneintritt sowie Kindererziehungszeiten berücksichtigt. Durch diese Ergänzungen werden eine höhere Realitätsanbindung erreicht und Elemente des sozialen Ausgleichs einbezogen. Es zeigt sich, dass die österreichische Pensionsversicherung in jeder Konstellation deutlich höhere Leistungen gewährt, die Elemente des sozialen Ausgleichs den Abstand teils vergrößern, teils verringern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Job search requirements for older unemployed workers: Search requirements for the older unemployed affect their re-employment rates and their flows into states of inactivity (2022)
Bloemen, Hans;Zitatform
Bloemen, Hans (2022): Job search requirements for older unemployed workers. Search requirements for the older unemployed affect their re-employment rates and their flows into states of inactivity. (IZA world of labor 235,2), Bonn, 11 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.235.v2
Abstract
"Politische Maßnahmen zur Aktivierung älterer Arbeitnehmer sind in vielen OECD-Länder mit rasch alternden Bevölkerungen von großer Bedeutung. Forschungsergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Integration Älterer in die allgemein an Arbeitslose gestellten Suchanforderungen zu einem verstärkten Übergang in Beschäftigung führen kann. Als negativer Begleiteffekt ist allerdings eine Zunahme von Inaktivität, etwa durch Berufsunfähigkeit, zu berücksichtigen. Insgesamt kann eine Strategie, die konkrete Suchanforderungen an ältere Arbeitslose stellt und mit einem Monitoringverfahren verbindet, die Wiederbeschäftigung von Älteren deutlich stärken." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
deutsche Kurzfassung
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Erwerbstätigkeit und Arbeitslosigkeit Älterer
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Arbeitsmarkt- und beschäftigungspolitische Maßnahmen
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Initiativen und Kampagnen gegen Altersdiskriminierung
- Vermittlung und Beratung, Coaching
- Arbeitsbedingungen und Gesundheitsschutz
- Qualifizierung
- Subventionierung von Beschäftigung
- Lohnersatzleistungen, Bürgergeld, Arbeitslosengeld I und II
- Berufsausstieg, Übergang in Rente
- Arbeits- und Sozialrecht
- geografischer Bezug