Zitatform

Grotti, Vanessa, Cynthia Malakasis, Chiara Quagliariello & Nina Sahraoui (2018): Shifting vulnerabilities: gender and reproductive care on the migrant trail to Europe. In: Comparative Migration Studies, Jg. 6, S. 1-18. DOI:10.1186/s40878-018-0089-z

Abstract

"The reproductive care of pregnant migrants entering the European Union via its Mediterranean borders represents an under-examined topic, despite a growing scholarly emphasis on female migrants and the gendered aspects of migration in the past three decades. This article uses ethnographic data gathered in Greece, Italy, and Spain to examine pregnant migrants' experiences of crossing, first reception, and reproductive care. We discuss our findings through the conceptual lens of vulnerability, which we understand as a shifting and relational condition attributed to, or dynamically endorsed by, migrant patients within given social contexts and encounters. We focus on two principal aspects of migrant women's experiences. First, we shed light on their profiles, their journeys to Europe via the three main Mediterranean routes, and the conditions of first reception. Through ethnographic vignettes we examine the diverse ways in which pregnant migrants become vulnerable within these contexts. Second, we turn to the reproductive healthcare they receive in EU borderlands. We explore how declinations of ideas of vulnerability shape the medical encounter between healthcare professionals and migrant women and how vulnerability is dynamically used or contested by migrant patients to engage in meaningful social relations in unpredictable and unstable borderlands." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Hooren, Franca J. van (2018): Intersecting social divisions and the politics of differentiation. Understanding exclusionary domestic work policy in the Netherlands. In: Social Politics, Jg. 25, H. 1, S. 92-117. DOI:10.1093/sp/jxx019

Abstract

"A special employment regulation excludes domestic workers in the Netherlands from most social and employment protection. Using a process tracing method, this article assesses why such an exclusionary policy has persisted in an otherwise inclusive welfare state. Going beyond the narrow class-based focus of dualization research, the article develops a framework for understanding the politics of differentiation by taking into account how intersecting social divisions based on class, gender, and citizenship shape political representation and ideas about legitimate inequalities. These intersecting social divisions explain why even potential political allies have not given priority to improving domestic workers' rights." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Khattab, Nabil, Ron Johnston & David Manley (2018): Human capital, family structure and religiosity shaping British Muslim women's labour market participation. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 44, H. 9, S. 1541-1559. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2017.1334541

Abstract

"Economic activity among Muslim women in the UK remains considerably lower and their unemployment rate significantly higher than among the majority group even after controlling for qualifications and other individual characteristics. This study utilises two data sets to explore possible factors underlying these differences, such as overseas qualifications, language skills and religiosity. It reveals that while religiosity is negatively associated with labour market participation among British Christian-White women, economic activity among Muslim women are not negatively affected by high religiosity. Furthermore, family structure and the presence of dependent children were among the most important factors explaining the latter's labour market participation, although these relationships were moderated by qualifications. More women with higher qualifications were economically active even if married and with children, although some of them experienced greater unemployment, probably due to discrimination in recruiting practices and choices and preferences on religious grounds." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Khattab, Nabil & Shereen Hussein (2018): Can religious affiliation explain the disadvantage of Muslim women in the British labour market? In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 32, H. 6, S. 1011-1028. DOI:10.1177/0950017017711099

Abstract

"This article aims to explain the labour market penalties among Muslim women in Britain. It draws on theories of intersectionality and colour/cultural racism to argue that the labour market experience of British-Muslim women is multiply determined via criteria of ascription such as ethnicity, migration status, race and religion rather than criteria of achievement. The study uses data from the Labour Force Survey (2002 - 2013) with a large sample (N=245,391) of women aged 19 - 65 years. The overarching finding suggests that most Muslim women, regardless of their multiple ascriptive identities, generation and levels of qualifications, still face significant penalties compared with their White-British Christian counterparts. The penalties for some groups, such as Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Black-Muslim women, are harsher than for Indian and White-Muslim women, demonstrating how different social markers and multiple identities have contingent relationships to multiple determinants and outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Khoudja, Yassine & Lucinda Platt (2018): Labour market entries and exits of women from different origin countries in the UK. In: Social science research, Jg. 69, H. January, S. 1-18. DOI:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2017.10.003

Abstract

"Labour force participation rates of women differ strongly by ethnic origin. Even though existing research using cross-sectional studies has demonstrated that part of these differences can be attributed to compositional differences in human capital, household conditions and gender attitudes, residual 'ethnic effects' typically remain. To further our understanding of women's labour market behaviour across ethnic groups, we use a large-scale longitudinal study and apply a dynamic perspective to examine how far relevant life-course events in addition to individual characteristics, gender attitudes and religiosity contribute to the explanation of ethnic differences in women's labour force entries and exits in the UK. Our findings show that, adjusting for all these factors, Indian and Caribbean women do not differ from White majority women in their labour force entry and exit probabilities but that Pakistani and Bangladeshi women are less likely to enter and more likely to exit the labour market, whereas Black African women have higher entry rates. We also find that relations between life-course events and labour market transitions differ by ethnic group. Most notably, Pakistani and Bangladeshi women's labour market transitions are less sensitive to child-bearing and Caribbean women's transitions less sensitive to partnership changes than other women's." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Lang, Julia (2018): Employment effects of language training for unemployed immigrants. (IAB-Discussion Paper 21/2018), Nürnberg, 46 S.

Abstract

"Das Beherrschen der Sprache des Ziellandes ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die (Arbeitsmarkt-)Integration von Migranten. In dieser Studie wird untersucht, inwieweit die Teilnahme an einem Sprachkurs die Arbeitsmarktchancen von Personen mit Migrationshintergrund verbessern kann. Das hier untersuchte vom Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge (BAMF) angebotene und durch den Europäischen Sozialfonds (ESF) geförderte ESF-BAMF Sprachprogramm zur berufsbezogenen Sprachförderung richtet sich an Personen, deren Deutschkenntnisse nicht ausreichend sind, um auf dem Arbeitsmarkt Fuß zu fassen. Die Wirkung des Programms wird für Teilnehmende im Jahr 2014 mit Prozessdaten untersucht. Da in den Daten keine Angaben zu den Sprachkenntnissen der Personen enthalten sind, die sowohl die Teilnahmewahrscheinlichkeit als auch die Beschäftigungswahrscheinlichkeit beeinflussen, wird ein Instrumentvariablenansatz genutzt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Teilnahme am ESF-BAMF Sprachprogramm die Beschäftigungswahrscheinlichkeit der Teilnehmenden mittelfristig (zwei Jahre nach Beginn des Kurses) um bis zu sieben Prozentpunkte erhöht." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Leckcivilize, Attakrit & Alexander Straub (2018): Headscarf and job recruitment - lifting the veil of labour market discrimination. In: IZA journal of labor economics, Jg. 7, S. 1-32. DOI:10.1186/s40172-018-0071-x

Abstract

"This paper investigates effects of appearance and religious practice of job applicants on the hiring decision. We asked participants in our laboratory experiment to select fictitious candidates for an interview from a pool of CVs with comparable characteristics but different photos. Some photos were of the same Turkish women with and without a headscarf. We demonstrate the effects of appearance, ethnicity, and veiling simultaneously and propose underlying mechanisms. We find robust effects of appearance but heterogeneous effects of headscarf on callback rates based on types of occupations and recruiters' characteristics. However, positive characteristics mitigate discrimination against headscarf and even reverse it." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Makovec, Mattia, Ririn S. Purnamasari, Matteo Sandi & Astrid R. Savitri (2018): Intended versus unintended consequences of migration restriction policies. Evidence from a natural experiment in Indonesia. In: Journal of economic geography, Jg. 18, H. 4, S. 915-950. DOI:10.1093/jeg/lby029

Abstract

"This article studies the consequences of restrictions to migration at the origin on labor market outcomes and school enrolment in origin communities. Our difference-in-differences specification exploits the differential impact across districts in Indonesia of a reform that restricted the migration of Indonesian female domestic workers towards Saudi Arabia in 2011. Our results suggest that this reform did not lead to higher unemployment in Indonesia, but it increased the proportion of workers employed in informal jobs and in agriculture. No detectable change in the consumption patterns of Indonesian households appears from our analysis, suggesting that rural areas in Indonesia could absorb the sudden increase in the availability of workforce. Our findings also show an increase in junior secondary school enrolment of both males and females, arguably reflecting the importance of the maternal presence in the household for the investment in human capital of children." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Neumann, Emma (2018): Source country culture and labor market assimilation of immigrant women in Sweden. Evidence from longitudinal data. In: Review of Economics of the Household, Jg. 16, H. 3, S. 585-627. DOI:10.1007/s11150-018-9420-6

Abstract

"This paper analyzes the role of source country culture on gender roles for labor market assimilation of immigrant women in Sweden. Sweden ranks as one of the world's most gender-equal countries and at the same time a recipient of many immigrants from countries with more traditional views on gender roles and gender equality. I find that the labor force participation of immigrant women in Sweden is related to their source country culture, in the sense that women from countries where women's labor market participation is low (high) also have low (high) participation in the Swedish labor market. However, all immigrant women assimilate towards, but do not reach parity with, the participation rate of native women, and the difference between women from high- and low-participation countries diminishes with length of residence in Sweden. This indicates that source country culture on gender roles does not have a persistent effect on immigrant women's labor market participation in Sweden. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of taking into account unobservable time-constant individual and source country factors when estimating the relationship between source country culture and immigrants' labor market outcomes. Neglecting to control for these factors could lead researchers to misrepresent the rate of assimilation and overstate the effect of source country culture." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

Zitatform

Pessin, Léa & Bruno Arpino (2018): Navigating between two cultures: immigrants' gender attitudes toward working women. In: Demographic Research, Jg. 38, S. 967-1016. DOI:10.4054/DemRes.2018.38.35

Abstract

"Background: Gender attitudes toward women's employment are of particular importance because they positively in?uence gender-equal outcomes in the labor market. Our understanding of the mechanisms that promote egalitarian gender attitudes among immigrants, however, remains limited.
Objective: By studying ?rst- and second-generation immigrants from multiple origins and living in different countries, this article seeks to explain under what conditions the prevalent cultural attitudes toward gender roles at the origin and destination in?uence immigrants' gender attitudes. We address three main research questions. First, does the country-of-origin gender ideology in?uence immigrants' views toward working women? Second, does the country-of-destination gender ideology in?uence immigrants' views toward working women? And third, are these relationships moderated by (1) the immigrant generation; (2) the age at arrival in the country of destination; (3) the length of residence at the destination?
Methods: Using data from the European Social Survey, we model immigrants' gender attitudes toward working women by using linear cross-classi?ed models to account for clustering into the country of origin and destination.
Results: The results highlight the importance of the context of early socialization in shaping immigrants' gender attitudes. First-generation immigrants, and more speci?cally adult migrants, hold gender attitudes that re?ect more strongly the country of origin's gender culture. In contrast, the positive association between gender ideology at destination and immigrants' gender attitudes is stronger among second-generation immigrants and child migrants.
Contribution: We add to the literature on gender ideology formation by analyzing the in?uence of gender ideology at the origin and destination levels on the gender attitudes of immigrants from 96 countries of origin and residing across 32 countries of destination." (Author's abstract, © Max-Planck-Institut für demographische Forschung) ((en))

Zitatform

Romiti, Agnese (2018): The effects of immigration on household services, labour supply and fertility. In: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Jg. 80, H. 4, S. 843-869., 2017-11-08. DOI:10.1111/obes.12225

Abstract

"Fertility and female labour force participation are no longer negatively correlated in developed countries. At the same time, increased immigration affects supply and prices of household services, which are relevant to fertility and employment decisions. This paper analyses the effect of immigration on labour supply and fertility of native women in the UK. Adopting an instrumental variable approach, I find that immigration increases female labour supply without affecting fertility. My results show that immigration increases the size of the childcare sector, and reduces its prices, suggesting that immigrants may ease the trade-off between working and child rearing among native women." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

Zitatform

Röder, Antje, Mark Ward & Carmen-Adriana Frese (2018): From labour migrant to stay-at-home mother? Childcare and return to work among migrant mothers from the EU Accession countries in Ireland. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 32, H. 5, S. 850-867. DOI:10.1177/0950017017713953

Abstract

"Previous research on the labour market integration of migrants from EU Accession countries has primarily viewed migrants as individual economic actors, despite their increasing role in family formation. In this contribution, mothers' return to work after birth is analysed using data from the Irish childhood prospective cohort study Growing Up in Ireland. Families from the Accession countries appear to have little access to non-parental childcare or the support of extended family, which is an important resource for their Irish peers. Fewer EU Accession mothers return to paid work at the end of maternity leave, and are more likely to juggle work and childcare without support. Structural reasons as well as preferences are considered as potential explanations to develop a better understanding of how migrant status impacts on work and childcare decisions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Sinsuwan, Woranmon (2018): Thai Marriage Migrants in Germany and their Employment Dilemma after the Residence Act of 2005. Berlin, 135 S. DOI:10.18452/18769

Abstract

"Seit ungefähr den 1960er Jahren migrieren Thailänder nach Deutschland, und es ist statistisch belegt, dass die Feminisierung der thailändischen Migration bis heute anhält (Bundesamt für Statistik, 2016). Frauen machen 87 Prozent aller in Deutschland lebenden Thailänder und Thailänderinnen aus. 94 Prozent aller Ehen mit thailändischer Beteiligung in Deutschland bestehen zwischen thailändischen Frauen und deutschen oder ausländischen Männern, während in nur 6 Prozent der Fälle thailändische Männer mit deutschen oder ausländischen Frauen verheiratet sind. Im Jahr 2005 waren 58.784 thailändische Staatsangehörige in Deutschland gemeldet, aber nur 43 Prozent davon waren nach dem deutschen Gesetz als „erwerbstätig“ registriert. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht das Beschäftigungsdilemma thailändischer Heiratsmigranten seit dem Inkrafttreten des neuen Aufenthaltsgesetzes im Jahr 2005. Zunächst beleuchtet sie die zugrundeliegenden Probleme, wegen derer die thailändische Heiratsmigranten ihr Potential als Vollzeit-Arbeitskräfte nicht ausschöpfen können, und erklärt, warum sich hochqualifizierte thailändische Heiratsmigranten nicht voll in den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt integrieren können. Dann untersucht sie die thailändische Diaspora und den Transnationalismus thailändischer Heiratsmigranten in Deutschland, und schließlich versucht sie, anhand Pierre Bourdieus Theorie von Kapital, Habitus und sozialem Raum die Berufsentscheidungen thailändischer Heiratsmigranten im deutschen Umfeld zu erklären. Qualitative Interviews, welche zwischen 2016 und 2017 durchgeführt worden sind, stellen mit 38 Informanten und einem quantitativen Fragebogen, der von 125 Befragten ausgefüllt wurde, bislang eine der umfangreichsten Forschungen über thailändische Ehemigranten in Deutschland dar." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Stypinska, Justyna & Laura Romeu Gordo (2018): Gender, age and migration: an intersectional approach to inequalities in the labour market. In: European journal of ageing, Jg. 15, H. 1, S. 23-33. DOI:10.1007/s10433-017-0419-2

Abstract

"This paper analyses the interference of three socio-demographic characteristics: gender, age and migration status on the labour market outcomes from the perspective of intersectionality theory. Concretely, we investigate whether gender and migration differences in hourly wages are observable at younger ages and whether these differences increase with age. Further, we analyse whether gender and migration interact in such a way that women with migration background suffer lower wage growth in relation to their counterparts. Our analyses draw on data from the Socio-Economic Panel (German SOEP from 1991 to 2014), distinguishing between populations with and without a migration background. Random effects hourly wage regressions controlling for selection bias using Heckman procedure have been estimated in our analysis. The results show that there are large gender differences in hourly wage at younger ages, and these differences are maintained over the life course. Regarding migration status, no significant disadvantages in wages are observable at early stages. However, disadvantages of men and women with migration background increase with age, resulting in lower earnings for older workers with migration background. When we analyse the interaction between migration and gender, we observe no effect either at younger ages or over the entire lifespan, indicating that the gender disadvantage is no more pronounced for women with migration background than for women without such a background (and vice versa)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Villares-Varela, María (2018): Negotiating class, femininity and career: Latin American migrant women entrepreneurs in Spain. In: International migration, Jg. 56, H. 4, S. 109-124. DOI:10.1111/imig.12361

Abstract

"This article analyses how the gendered and classed positions of migrant women explain the meanings of becoming an entrepreneur and the role of their spouses in their occupational trajectories. Using a translocational positionality approach, the article challenges the claim that women escape patriarchal domination by establishing their own businesses. The narratives of 35 Latin American women entrepreneurs in Spain reveal that becoming an entrepreneur is conditioned by class-based ideas of masculinity and femininity. I argue that middle-class Latin American immigrant women become entrepreneurs to promote their spouse's career advancement while conforming to class-based norms of femininity. In contrast, lower class Latin American women view the business as a space of autonomy and occupational upward mobility that nevertheless also complies with working-class definitions of femininity. The policy implications of these findings relate to making class aspirations central to the support of labour market integration and empowerment of migrant women." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

Abstract

"This 2nd edition of the global estimates report on migrant workers provides information on the order of magnitude of labour migration. It begins with a presentation of the main results obtained and a description of what is being estimated. It then provides a detailed description and analysis of the global and regional estimates of migrant workers in 2017, with a breakdown by income group, gender and age. The report also describes the sources and methodology used, the nature and quality of the data, as well as the corresponding limitations. Three annexes complement the material presented in the main body of the report.
The report intends to contribute to the 2018 Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, as well as to achieving the Sustainable Development Goal targets 8.8 and 10.7. Furthermore, the report helps to draw attention to the economic and social issues of labour migration, and facilitates the future development of sound international statistical standards in line with the 2018 International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS) Guidelines concerning Statistics of International Labour Migration." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Abdelhadi, Eman (2017): Religiosity and Muslim Women's Employment in the United States. In: Socius, Jg. 3, S. 1-17. DOI:10.1177/2378023117729969

Abstract

"Does Muslim women's religiosity deter them from paid work outside the home? I extend this question to Muslims in the United States, where the Muslim community is both ethnically and socioeconomically diverse and where this question has not yet been answered. I pool data from the 2007 and 2011 Pew Research Center surveys of American Muslims, the only large, nationally representative samples of Muslims in the United States, and use logistic regression models to analyze the relationship between religiosity and Muslim women's employment. I find that mosque attendance is positively associated with employment, whereas other measures of religiosity have no significant effect. Education, ethnicity, and childbearing, on the other hand, are strong, consistent predictors of Muslim women's employment. These findings suggest that practicing Islam, in itself, does not deter American Muslim women's engagement in paid work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Ali, Faiza, Ashish Malik, Vijay Pereira & Akram Al Ariss (2017): A relational understanding of work-life balance of Muslim migrant women in the west. Future research agenda. In: The international journal of human resource management, Jg. 28, H. 8, S. 1163-1181. DOI:10.1080/09585192.2016.1166784

Abstract

"Increasing globalisation and work intensification has led to a blurring of roles and boundaries between work and family. Such influences are more pronounced in migrant workers who often struggle to balance their work and life in a new national context. The challenge of work-life balance (WLB) is further compounded in the case of minority migrant groups such as Muslim women living and working in a Western context, as it is unclear how, in the face of discrimination, Islamophobia, family and other sociocultural and religious pressures and the WLB issues of migrant Muslim women (MMW) are enacted. As most studies of WLB are at a singular level of analysis, this paper contributes to the WLB literature through the lens of intersectionality, by providing a multi-level relational understanding of WLB issues of MMW working in a Western context. Future research and themes identified in this paper provide a multi-level and relational understanding of WLB of MMW, and implications for managers tasked with managing WLB issues for MMW in Western contexts are also discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Averett, Susan L., Julie K. Smith & Yang Wang (2017): Minimum wages and the health of Hispanic women. (IZA discussion paper 10916), Bonn, 44 S.

Abstract

"States are increasingly resorting to raising the minimum wage to boost the earnings of those at the bottom of the income distribution. In this paper, we examine the effects of minimum wage increases on the health of low-educated Hispanic women, who constitute a growing part of the U.S. labor force, are disproportionately represented in minimum wage jobs and typically have less access to health care. Using a difference-in-differences identification strategy and data drawn from the Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance Survey and the Current Population Survey from the years 1994 - 2015, we find little evidence that low-educated Hispanic women likely affected by minimum wage increases experience any changes in health status, access to care, or use of preventive care." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Barslund, Mikkel, Anna Di Bartolomeo & Lars Ludolph (2017): Gender inequality and integration of non-eu migrants in the EU. (CEPS policy insights 2017-06), Brüssel, 10 S.

Abstract

"The integration of refugees and migrants in general into the labour market - and into society at large - stands at the forefront of current policy debate. And rightly so: better integration enriches not only the migrant, but also the host country's population and its public finances.
A number of recent noteworthy publications have therefore studied the labour market integration process and how to improve it. While the diverse background of new arrivals is often acknowledged in these studies, on-the-ground labour market integration programmes too often follow a one-size-fits-all approach. In this Policy Insights study, we argue that there is a particularly strong case for labour market integration measures specifically geared towards female migrants. The primary reason is the traditionally low female labour market participation in the majority of source countries, which translates into a large excess gender gap in labour market integration among non-EU migrants in Europe. This gap is further mirrored by other important aspects of societal integration. We argue that this lack of labour market integration inhibits wider societal integration of female migrants.
Hence, integration efforts need to more explicitly take the gender dimension into account and further analyse the determinants of the gender gap in integration. A mapping of successful initiatives targeting migrant women, as has been done in recent best-practice guidelines, is therefore essential. However, these studies mainly stress that the number of targeted measures is currently insufficient." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))