Mindestlohn
Seit Inkrafttreten des Mindestlohngesetzes am 1. Januar 2015 gilt ein allgemeingültiger flächendeckender Mindestlohn in Deutschland. Lohnuntergrenzen gibt es in beinahe allen europäischen Staaten und den USA. Die Mindestlohn-Gesetze haben das Ziel, Lohn-Dumping, also die nicht verhältnismäßige Bezahlung von Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmern, zu verhindern.
Diese Infoplattform dokumentiert die Diskussion rund um die Einführung des flächendeckenden Mindestlohns in Deutschland und die Ergebnisse empirischer Forschung der letzten Jahre zu flächendeckenden und branchenspezifischen Mindestlöhnen.
- IAB
- Grundsätzliches zum flächendeckenden Mindestlohn
- Auswirkungen des flächendeckenden Mindestlohns auf
- Auswirkungen des flächendeckenden Mindestlohns auf Personengruppen
- Ausnahmen vom flächendeckenden Mindestlohn für
- Ausweichreaktionen auf Mindestlöhne in Deutschland
- Bundesländer
- Branchenspezifische Mindestlöhne und deren Auswirkungen auf
- Mindestlohn in anderen Ländern
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Literaturhinweis
Minimum wages and employment: reconsidering the use of a time-series approach as an evaluation tool (2011)
Lee, Wang-Sheng; Suardi, Sandy;Zitatform
Lee, Wang-Sheng & Sandy Suardi (2011): Minimum wages and employment. Reconsidering the use of a time-series approach as an evaluation tool. In: BJIR, Jg. 49, H. s2, S. s376-s401. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8543.2010.00799.x
Abstract
"The time-series approach used in the minimum wage literature essentially aims to estimate a treatment effect of increasing the minimum wage. In this paper, we employ a novel approach based on aggregate time-series data that allows us to determine if minimum wage changes have significant effects on employment. This involves the use of tests for structural breaks as a device for identifying discontinuities in the data which potentially represent treatment effects. In an application based on Australian data, the tentative conclusion is that the introduction of minimum wage legislation in Australia in 1997 and subsequent minimum wage increases appear not to have had any significant negative employment effects for teenagers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The minimum wage system in Japan: in light of circumstances in the United States and Europe (2011)
Ohashi, Isao;Zitatform
Ohashi, Isao (2011): The minimum wage system in Japan. In light of circumstances in the United States and Europe. In: Japan labor review, Jg. 8, H. 2, S. 4-23.
Abstract
"This paper aims to provide an overview of the history of the minimum wage system in Japan and to explore why it is in its current state and how it should change in the future, in light of the state of minimum wages in the United States and Europe and the relevant debates that are ongoing in those areas. Specifically, I will make a cross-country comparison of the mechanisms whereby the minimum wage is set, explain how the differences in these mechanisms affect the level and trends of minimum wages, and shed light on the weaknesses of the foundations of theoretical modeln designed to verify the positive effects of a minimum wage increase on employment. This research is intended to help achieve a better understanding of the significance to Japan's labor market of the government initiative to considerably raise the minimum wage following the amendment of the Minimum Wages Act, and to examine how the minimum wage system in Japan should develop in the future, while taking account of the state of minimum wage systems in the United States and Europe." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Estimating employment impacts with binding minimum wage constraints (2011)
Pacheco, Gail;Zitatform
Pacheco, Gail (2011): Estimating employment impacts with binding minimum wage constraints. In: The Economic Record, Jg. 87, H. 279, S. 587-602. DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4932.2011.00722.x
Abstract
"This article examines the impact of rising minimum wages on employment in New Zealand over the time period 1986-2004. Detailed wage data from Statistics New Zealand allows the construction of predicted probabilities for each individual in the sample being affected by a rising minimum wage, and hence finding the wage floor binding. These probabilities are then interacted with the real minimum wage level in the employment regressions to ensure analysis is restricted to the individuals most at risk when the minimum wage is raised. Comparing results before and after using these binding constraints in the regressions reveal significant negative employment effects of a higher minimum wage." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Teen employment, poverty, and the minimum wage: evidence from Canada (2011)
Sen, Anindya; Rybczynski, Kathleen; Waal, Corey Van De;Zitatform
Sen, Anindya, Kathleen Rybczynski & Corey Van De Waal (2011): Teen employment, poverty, and the minimum wage. Evidence from Canada. In: Labour economics, Jg. 18, H. 1, S. 36-47. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2010.06.003
Abstract
"In May 2007, the U.S. Congress enacted legislation, which increased the Federal minimum hourly wage from $5.15 to $7.25, over a two year time period. This increase to the minimum wage was the first in nearly a decade and was approved with the objective of alleviating poverty among low-income households. However, a higher minimum wage may result in more unemployment and poverty. We exploit time-series variation in minimum wages set by Canadian provinces between 1981 and 2004. OLS and IV results suggest that a 10% increase in the minimum wage is significantly correlated with a 3% - 5% drop in teen employment. Further, a 10% rise in the minimum wage is also significantly associated with a 4% - 6% increase in the percentage of families living under Low Income Cut Offs (LICOs). Difference-in-difference estimates from the 1993, 1995, and 1998 waves of the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) support these findings as they suggest that income earned by teens constitutes a non-trivial portion of household income for families beneath Low Income Cut Offs. Therefore, a higher minimum wage may paradoxically result in a significant negative shock to household income among low-income families." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The employment effects of lower minimum wage rates for young workers: Canadian evidence (2011)
Shannon, Michael;Zitatform
Shannon, Michael (2011): The employment effects of lower minimum wage rates for young workers. Canadian evidence. In: Industrial relations, Jg. 50, H. 4, S. 629-655. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.2011.00655.x
Abstract
"Between 1986 and 1998, six of the ten Canadian provinces abolished their lower minimum wage rates for younger teenage workers. Using data from the Canadian Labour Force Survey, this paper evaluates the effects of abolition on the employment and weekly hours worked of 15- to 16-year-olds using teenagers in provinces where there is no legislative change and young people above the age to which youth rates applied as control groups. The results provide some evidence that abolishing these youth rates significantly lowered employment and work hours of 15- to 16-year-olds, but the lack of evidence for some jurisdictions and patterns of effects using age controls do raise some questions regarding the interpretation of the results." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Analysis of the determinants of minimum wages in Japan (2011)
Tamada, Keiko;Zitatform
Tamada, Keiko (2011): Analysis of the determinants of minimum wages in Japan. In: Japan labor review, Jg. 8, H. 2, S. 24-41.
Abstract
"This paper overviews Japan's minimum wage system and examines the determinants of 'guideline increases (meyasu-gaku),' which are the increases in minimum wages recommended by the central council, and the actual minimum wage increases set by the regional councils. In Japan, minimum wages are deliberated upon mainly by advisory councils. The central council recommends the guideline increases and the regional councils set the actual increases. Our analysis found that the guideline increases are positively affected by the wage growth rates. Comments by public interest at meetings of the central council have suggested that their decisions on the guideline increases are influenced by the wage growth rate, and our estimation results also support the hypothesis that the guideline increases are positively affected by the wage growth rate. Because the council comprises workers represented by union officials, we examined the possible Impact of the unionization rate on the guideline increases. We found that the guideline increase is not affected by the unionization rate. Our analysis indicated that the actual minimum wage increases are set close to the guideline increases. We also found that the actual increase is positively affected by the active job openings-to-applicants ratio. As with the guideline increases, however, our analysis showed that the actual increase is not affected by the unionization rate. In addition, we found that in 2007 and 2008, when the guideline increases were determined in light of the debates conducted by the Roundtable to Promote Strategy to Enhance Growth Potential (seicho-ryoku sokoage senryaku suisin entaku kaigi) which set a policy direction toward minimum wage increases, the actual increases were larger than those in other years." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Minimum wage and tax evasion: theory and evidence (2011)
Tonin, Mirco;Zitatform
Tonin, Mirco (2011): Minimum wage and tax evasion. Theory and evidence. In: Journal of Public Economics, Jg. 95, H. 11/12, S. 1635-1651.
Abstract
"This paper examines the interaction between minimum wage legislation and tax evasion by employed labor. I develop a model in which firms and workers may agree to report less than the true amount of earnings to the fiscal authorities. I show that introducing a minimum wage creates a spike in the distribution of declared earnings and induces higher compliance by some agents, thus reducing their disposable income. The comparison of food consumption and of the consumption-income gap before and after the massive minimum wage hike that took place in Hungary in 2001 reveals that households who appeared to benefit from the hike actually experienced a drop compared to similar but unaffected households, thus supporting the prediction of the theory." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wage rigidity, collective bargaining and the minimum wage: evidence from French agreement data (2010)
Avouyi-Dovi, Sanvi; Gautier, Erwan; Fougère, Denis;Zitatform
Avouyi-Dovi, Sanvi, Denis Fougère & Erwan Gautier (2010): Wage rigidity, collective bargaining and the minimum wage. Evidence from French agreement data. (CEPR discussion paper 7932), London, 48 S.
Abstract
"Using several unique data sets on wage agreements at both the firm- and the industry-levels in France, we examine the impact of typical European wage-setting institutions on the form and the degree of wage rigidity. We highlight different stylized facts concerning wage stickiness. First, in France, the typical duration of a wage agreement is one year. Consequently, a Taylor (1980) -type model appears to reproduce appropriately the distribution of agreement durations. Some 30 percent of settlements stipulate several predetermined wage changes during the year following the date of signature of the agreement. The frequency of wage agreements is highly seasonal, but the dates at which agreements take effect are more staggered. The date at which the national minimum wage level is revised each year has a significant impact on the timetable of wage agreements, both at the firm- and at the industry-levels. Wage increases negotiated at these two levels mainly depend on the inflation regime, the firm profitability and the proportion of minimum-wage workers in the same industry." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Life on the minimum wage in Australia: an empirical investigation (2010)
Dockery, Alfred Michael; Seymour, Richard; Ong, Rachel;Zitatform
Dockery, Alfred Michael, Richard Seymour & Rachel Ong (2010): Life on the minimum wage in Australia. An empirical investigation. In: Australian Journal of Labour Economics, Jg. 13, H. 1, S. 1-26.
Abstract
"From 2006 to 2009, Federal minimum wages in Australia were set by the Australian Fair Pay Commission. This paper uses data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia panel survey to investigate the circumstances of persons who are paid at or near the minimum wage, and thus potentially affected by the wage determinations. Net disposable incomes for actual and potential minimum wage workers are modelled in and out of work to investigate the implications of the wage determinations on work incentives. In addition, a range of measures of socioeconomic status and wellbeing are inspected. Comparisons are made with selected groups of non-employed persons and those with higher earnings to highlight the potential costs and benefits for affected individuals, and hence the potential trade-offs faced in setting minimum wages if we accept that increases in minimum wages reduce employment opportunities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Minimum wage (2010)
Langevin, Manon;Zitatform
Langevin, Manon (2010): Minimum wage. In: Perspectives on Labour and Income, Jg. 11, H. 3, S. 14-22.
Abstract
"All provinces and territories set minimum wages in their employment standards legislation. This update uses the Labour Force Survey to examine the characteristics of those who work at or below the minimum wage for experienced adults in each jurisdiction. The incidence of working for minimum wage has increased each year since 2006 but remains concentrated among youth, particularly young women." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Interpreting changes in minimum wage incidence rates (2010)
Maloney, Tim; Pacheco, Gail;Zitatform
Maloney, Tim & Gail Pacheco (2010): Interpreting changes in minimum wage incidence rates. In: Australian Journal of Labour Economics, Jg. 13, H. 3, S. 219-240.
Abstract
"Statutory minimum wages increased substantially in New Zealand between 2000 and 2008. Where less than three per cent of workers were being paid the minimum wage in the late 1990s, this figure increased to more than ten per cent of workers by 2008. However, it is not obvious how this rise in the minimum wage incidence rate should be interpreted. The problem is that minimum wages can have behavioural effects. A higher wage floor could reduce the proportion of minimum wage workers in an economy by eliminating low-wage jobs. Recent New Zealand experience provides a unique opportunity for estimating this behavioural impact. The substantial gap between adult and teenage minimum wages was eliminated immediately in 2001 for 18 and 19 year-olds and gradually by 2008 for 16 and 17 year-olds. We find little evidence of an overall behavioural effect. Increases in incidence rates were not diminished by losses in low-wage employment. However, we find compelling evidence that minimum wage incidence for an age group is reduced by increases in minimum wages for neighbouring age groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Rational expectations and the puzzling no-effect of the minimum wage (2010)
Pinoli, Sara;Zitatform
Pinoli, Sara (2010): Rational expectations and the puzzling no-effect of the minimum wage. (IZA discussion paper 4933), Bonn, 58 S.
Abstract
"This paper argues that expectations are an important element that needs to be included into the analysis of the effects of the minimum wage on employment. We show in a standard matching model that the observed employment effect is higher the lower is the likelihood associated with the minimum wage variation. On the other side, there is a significant anticipation effect, ignored in the literature. This property is able to explain the controversial results found in the empirical studies. When the policy is anticipated, the effect at the time of the actual variation is small and potentially hard to identify. The model is tested on Spanish data, taking advantage of the unexpected change in the minimum wage following the election of Zapatero in 2004." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Minimum wages and employment: replication of Card and Krueger (1994) using the CIC estimator (2010)
Ropponen, Olli;Zitatform
Ropponen, Olli (2010): Minimum wages and employment. Replication of Card and Krueger (1994) using the CIC estimator. (Helsinki Center of Economic Research. Discussion paper 289), Helsinki, 17 S.
Abstract
"We employ the original Card and Krueger (1994) data and the CIC estimator to reexamine the evidence on the effect of minimum wages on employment. Our main finding is that the controversial result remains valid only for small fast-food restaurants. This finding is accompanied with a new possible explanation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How should minimum wages be set in Australia? (2010)
Watts, Martin J.;Zitatform
Watts, Martin J. (2010): How should minimum wages be set in Australia? In: The Journal of Industrial Relations, Jg. 52, H. 2, S. 131-149. DOI:10.1177/0022185609359441
Abstract
"Two recurring themes in submissions by industry groups and the Coalition Government to Safety Net Cases administered by both the Australian Industrial Relations Commission and the Australian Fair Pay Commission, as well as in decisions by both Commissions, have been that (1) an improvement in the tax/transfer arrangements for the low paid is a partial substitute for minimum wage increases; and (2) the family circumstances of low wage recipients should influence the degree of minimum wage adjustment. In this paper it is argued that conflation of the wage and tax/transfer systems introduces major contradictions into the principles of minimum wage adjustment, and that reliance on the tax/transfer system leads to adverse economic and social consequences. A simple rule for minimum wage adjustment is advocated, with the minimum wage level also being periodically recalibrated to enable the ongoing social inclusion of its recipients. Finally, in the international literature, the macroeconomic consequences of modest minimum wage adjustment remain contested, but this debate becomes largely irrelevant if the Federal Government renews its commitment to full employment through a Job Guarantee. Then the minimum wage also becomes the nominal anchor of the wage and price system." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Minimum wages and youth employment: evidence from the Finnish retail trade sector (2009)
Zitatform
Böckerman, Petri & Roope Uusitalo (2009): Minimum wages and youth employment. Evidence from the Finnish retail trade sector. In: BJIR, Jg. 47, H. 2, S. 388-405. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8543.2009.00720.x
Abstract
"Following an agreement between the trade unions and the employer organizations in 1993, Finnish employers could temporarily pay less than the existing minimum wage for young workers. We examine the effects of these minimum wage exceptions by comparing the changes in wages and employment of the groups whose minimum wages were reduced with simultaneous changes among slightly older workers for whom the minimum wages remained unchanged. Our analysis is based on payroll record data and minimum wage agreements from the retail trade sector. The results show that average wages in the eligible group declined only modestly. We find no significant effects on employment." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gesetzlicher Mindestlohn im türkischen Arbeitsrecht (2009)
Kabakci, Mahmut;Zitatform
Kabakci, Mahmut (2009): Gesetzlicher Mindestlohn im türkischen Arbeitsrecht. In: Zeitschrift für ausländisches und internationales Arbeits- und Sozialrecht, Jg. 23, H. 2, S. 140-150.
Abstract
"Für die Implementierung eines Mindestlohns gibt es innerhalb und außerhalb der Türkei zwei grundlegende Wege: Zum einen die Aufnahme eines solchen Mindestlohns in allgemein-verbindliche Tarifverträge und zum anderen der Beschluss eines gesetzlichen Mindestlohns. Grundsätzlich ist ein Tarifvertrag als Instrument staatsfreier Preisbildung am Arbeitsmarkt der mit Abstand wichtigste Ordnungsfaktor des Arbeitsrechts. Dennoch bieten Tarifverträge in der türkischen Praxis den Arbeitnehmern keine echten Garantien. In der Türkei kommt einzig und allein dem Arbeitsgesetz4 (ArbG) eine wirkliche Garantiefunktion zu - so auch für Mindestlohn. Seit dem Inkrafttreten des ersten türkischen Arbeitsgesetzes in 1936 ist ein gesetzlicher Mindestlohn fest im Gesetz verankert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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- IAB
- Grundsätzliches zum flächendeckenden Mindestlohn
- Auswirkungen des flächendeckenden Mindestlohns auf
- Auswirkungen des flächendeckenden Mindestlohns auf Personengruppen
- Ausnahmen vom flächendeckenden Mindestlohn für
- Ausweichreaktionen auf Mindestlöhne in Deutschland
- Bundesländer
- Branchenspezifische Mindestlöhne und deren Auswirkungen auf
- Mindestlohn in anderen Ländern