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Auswirkungen der Covid-19-Pandemie auf Wirtschaft und Arbeitsmarkt in Deutschland

Wirtschaft und Arbeitsmarkt stehen seit der Ausbreitung des Coronavirus vor großen Herausforderungen. Zur Unterstützung von Beschäftigten und Unternehmen hatte der Bundestag im Eilverfahren u.a. einen leichteren Zugang zum Kurzarbeitergeld beschlossen. Dieses Themendossier stellt Einschätzungen aus Forschung und Politik zu den Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf den Arbeitsmarkt, die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung und notwendige Maßnahmen in Deutschland zusammen.
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Corona Monitoring Nationwide (RKI-SOEP-2): Seroepidemiological Study on the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 Across Germany (2023)

    Bartig, Susanne; Wernitz, Jörg; Rother, Nina ; Schaffrath Rosario, Angelika; Schaade, Lars; Butschalowsky, Hans; Zinn, Sabine ; Wilking, Hendrik; Priem, Maximilian; Torregroza, Sabrina; Poethko-Müller, Christina; Tanis, Kerstin ; Niehuis, Wenke; Stahlberg, Silke; Kubisch, Ulrike; Siegert, Manuel ; Jordan, Susanne; Brücker, Herbert ; Hoebel, Jens; Wieler, Lothar H.; Hey, Isabell; Steinhauer, Hans Walter ; Hess, Doris; Schlaud, Martin; Haller, Sebastian; Trübswetter, Parvati; Grabka, Markus M. ; Danne, Christian; Goßner, Laura ; Gößwald, Antje;

    Zitatform

    Bartig, Susanne, Herbert Brücker, Hans Butschalowsky, Christian Danne, Antje Gößwald, Laura Goßner, Markus M. Grabka, Sebastian Haller, Doris Hess, Isabell Hey, Jens Hoebel, Susanne Jordan, Ulrike Kubisch, Wenke Niehuis, Christina Poethko-Müller, Maximilian Priem, Nina Rother, Lars Schaade, Angelika Schaffrath Rosario, Martin Schlaud, Manuel Siegert, Silke Stahlberg, Hans Walter Steinhauer, Kerstin Tanis, Parvati Trübswetter, Jörg Wernitz, Sabine Zinn, Hendrik Wilking, Sabrina Torregroza & Lothar H. Wieler, Jörg Wernitz, Sabine Zinn, Hendrik Wilking, Sabrina Torregroza & Lothar H. Wieler (sonst. bet. Pers.) (2023): Corona Monitoring Nationwide (RKI-SOEP-2): Seroepidemiological Study on the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 Across Germany. In: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, Jg. 243, H. 3-4, S. 431-449., 2022-08-09. DOI:10.1515/jbnst-2022-0047

    Abstract

    "SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus, spread across Germany within just a short period of time. Seroepidemiological studies are able to estimate the proportion of the population with antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infection (seroprevalence) as well as the level of undetected infections, which are not captured in official figures. In the seroepidemiological study Corona Monitoring Nationwide (RKI-SOEP-2), biospecimens and interview data were collected in a nationwide population-based subsample of the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). By using laboratory-analyzed blood samples to detect antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, we were able to identify a history of vaccination or infection in study participants. By combining these results with survey data, we were able to identify groups within the population that are at increased risk of infection. By linking the RKI-SOEP-2 survey data with data from other waves of the SOEP survey, we will be able to examine the medium- to long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, including effects of long COVID, in diverse areas of life. Furthermore, the data provide insight into the population’s willingness to be vaccinated as well as related attitudes and conditions. In sum, the RKI-SOEP-2 survey data offer a better understanding of the scope of the epidemic in Germany and can help in identifying target groups for infection control in the present and future pandemics." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Brücker, Herbert ; Trübswetter, Parvati; Goßner, Laura ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Socioeconomic Differences in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in Germany: A Seroepidemiological Study After One Year of COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign (2023)

    Bartig, Susanne; Beese, Florian; Schmid, Lorenz; Mercuri, Elisabetta; Poethko-Müller, Christina; Schranz, Madlen; Goßner, Laura ; Schmid-Küpke, Nora Katharina; Wachtler, Benjamin ; Hoebel, Jens; Niehues, Wenke ; Gößwald, Antje; Grabka, Markus M. ; Hövener, Claudia; Zinn, Sabine ; Schaade, Lars;

    Zitatform

    Bartig, Susanne, Florian Beese, Benjamin Wachtler, Markus M. Grabka, Elisabetta Mercuri, Lorenz Schmid, Nora Katharina Schmid-Küpke, Madlen Schranz, Laura Goßner, Wenke Niehues, Sabine Zinn, Christina Poethko-Müller, Lars Schaade, Claudia Hövener, Antje Gößwald & Jens Hoebel (2023): Socioeconomic Differences in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in Germany: A Seroepidemiological Study After One Year of COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign. In: International Journal of Public Health, Jg. 68 9 S., 2023-09-04. DOI:10.3389/ijph.2023.1606152

    Abstract

    "Objective: To evaluate the socioeconomic patterns of SARS-CoV-2 antigen contacts through infection, vaccination or both (“hybrid immunity”) after 1 year of vaccination campaign. Methods: Data were derived from the German seroepidemiological Corona Monitoring Nationwide study (RKI-SOEP-2; n = 10,448; November 2021–February 2022). Combining serological and self-report data, we estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) of SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 vaccination, basic immunization (at least two SARS-CoV-2 antigen contacts through vaccination and/or infection), and three antigen contacts by education and income. Results: Low-education groups had 1.35-times (95% CI 1.01–1.82) the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to high-education groups. COVID-19 vaccination (at least one dose) and basic immunization decreased with lower education and income. Low-education and low-income groups were less likely to have had at least three antigen contacts (PR low vs. high education: 0.74, 95% CI 0.65–0.84; PR low vs. high income: 0.66, 95% CI 0.57–0.77). Conclusion: The results suggest a lower level of protection against severe COVID-19 for individuals from low and medium socioeconomic groups. Pandemic response and vaccination campaigns should address the specific needs and barriers of these groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Goßner, Laura ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Competing for Jobs: How COVID-19 Changes Search Behavior in the Labor Market (2023)

    Bauer, Anja ; Weber, Enzo ; Mamertino, Mariano; Keveloh, Kristin;

    Zitatform

    Bauer, Anja, Kristin Keveloh, Mariano Mamertino & Enzo Weber (2023): Competing for Jobs: How COVID-19 Changes Search Behavior in the Labor Market. In: German Economic Review, Jg. 24, H. 4, S. 323-347., 2023-11-13. DOI:10.1515/ger-2021-0010

    Abstract

    "We provide insights on how job search changed in the Covid-19-crisis by analyzing data from the LinkedIn professional network for Germany. We find that competition among workers for jobs strongly increased – which is due to additional job seekers rather than higher search intensity. Furthermore, the LinkedIn data show that people from industries particularly affected by the crisis applied much more frequently and there had been a substantial shift in the target industries for applications. Finally, we find that at the onset of the Covid-19-crises applications were made significantly more often below and significantly less often above a person’s level of seniority." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Bauer, Anja ; Weber, Enzo ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Accounting for Qualification in Mismatch Unemployment (2023)

    Bauer, Anja ;

    Zitatform

    Bauer, Anja (2023): Accounting for Qualification in Mismatch Unemployment. (IAB-Discussion Paper 09/2023), Nürnberg, 31 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.DP.2309

    Abstract

    "Dieses Papier zeigt die Entwicklung der Mismatch-Arbeitslosigkeit in Deutschland im Zeitraum von 2007 bis 2022. Ein wesentlicher Teil der Mismatch-Arbeitslosigkeit resultiert aus einer Fehlallokation auf der Qualifikationsebene und nicht auf der beruflichen Ebene. Unter Berücksichtigung des Qualifikationsniveaus zeigt sich ein Aufwärtstrend der Mismatch-Arbeitslosigkeit nach der Covid-Krise, der den Anteil der Mismatch-Arbeitslosigkeit an der Gesamtarbeitslosigkeit um etwa 3 Prozentpunkte über dem Vor-Krisen-Niveau liegt. Zudem hatte die Covid-Krise einen anderen Einfluss auf das Berufsqualifikationsniveau als die globale Finanzkrise. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass die Covid-Krise vor allem den Arbeitsmarkt für un- und angelernte Arbeitskräfte getroffen hat." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Bauer, Anja ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Distance Work and Life Satisfaction after the COVID-19 Pandemics (2023)

    Becchetti, Leonardo; Conzo, Gianluigi; Pisani, Fabio;

    Zitatform

    Becchetti, Leonardo, Gianluigi Conzo & Fabio Pisani (2023): Distance Work and Life Satisfaction after the COVID-19 Pandemics. (CEIS Tor Vergata research papers Vol.21 (2023),9,No.566), Rom, 36 S.

    Abstract

    "We use data of the 10th European Social Survey containing information on COVID-19 and work at distance. We find that working with employers that accept working from home or place of choice less than before the COVID-19 period impacts negatively and significantly on respondents' wellbeing. We calculate that the reduction of this opportunity produces a fall of 5.6 percent in the probability of declaring high life satisfaction, the effect being concentrated in the subsample of respondents with work-life balance problems where the magnitude of the impact goes up to a maximum of 11 percent. Our findings contribute to explain the COVID-19 Easterlin paradox (contemporary occurrence of a sharp fall in GDP and non decrease/increase, in life satisfaction in the first 2020 COVID-19 year in many countries) and the great resignation - the rise of quit rates after COVID-19, partly motivated by absence of offers of hybrid contracts allowing a mix of work in presence and work at distance" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Delivering the goods? German industrial relations institutions during the COVID-19 crisis (2023)

    Behrens, Martin ; Pekarek, Andreas ;

    Zitatform

    Behrens, Martin & Andreas Pekarek (2023): Delivering the goods? German industrial relations institutions during the COVID-19 crisis. In: Industrial Relations, Jg. 62, H. 2, S. 126-144. DOI:10.1111/irel.12319

    Abstract

    "The COVID-19 pandemic has caused labor market disruptions at an unprecedented scale and is akin to a stress test for industrial relations institutions. Drawing on a large-scale (n = 6111) study of German employees, we empirically investigate whether and how the two institutions comprising Germany's dual system of employee representation—works councils and collective bargaining—have delivered on their protective potential and mitigated the impact of the pandemic on workers. We demonstrate that employees in representative environments fare better on a range of protective outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Studie zu Betrieben in der Covid-19-Krise (BeCovid) (2023)

    Bellmann, Lutz ; Hartmann, Josef; Kleifgen, Eva ; Moritz, Michael ; Gensicke, Miriam; Künzel, Sophie; Leber, Ute; Umkehrer, Matthias; Kagerl, Christian ; Tschersich, Nikolai; König, Corinna ; Strauß, Alexandra; Gleiser, Patrick ; Stegmaier, Jens ; Koch, Theresa; Schierholz, Malte ; Hensgen, Sophie ; Roth, Duncan ; Pohlan, Laura ; Riedmann, Arnold;

    Zitatform

    Bellmann, Lutz, Miriam Gensicke, Patrick Gleiser, Josef Hartmann, Sophie Hensgen, Christian Kagerl, Theresa Koch, Corinna König, Eva Kleifgen, Sophie Künzel, Ute Leber, Michael Moritz, Laura Pohlan, Arnold Riedmann, Duncan Roth, Malte Schierholz, Jens Stegmaier, Alexandra Strauß, Nikolai Tschersich & Matthias Umkehrer (2023): Studie zu Betrieben in der Covid-19-Krise (BeCovid). (FDZ-Methodenreport 02/2023 (de)), Nürnberg, 67 S. DOI:10.5164/IAB.FDZM.2302.de.v1

    Abstract

    "Bei der Studie zu Betrieben in der Covid-19-Krise (BeCovid) handelt sich um eine telefonische Panel-Erhebung. Dabei standen Informationenüber die wirtschaftliche Lage der Betriebe sowie die Entwicklungen hinsichtlich der Liefer-, Absatz- und Beschäftigungssituation im Zentrum. Aus arbeitsmarktpolitischer Sicht interessierten insbesondere Maßnahmen, die ergriffen wurden, um die Arbeitsnachfrage flexibel an die Entwicklung der wirtschaftlichen Lage anzupassen. Hier standen das Einstellungs- und Entlassungsverhalten, die Nutzung des Instruments der Kurzarbeit, das Aus- und Weiterbildungsverhalten, der Gesundheitsschutz am Arbeitsplatz oder auch die Nutzung von Home-Office im Fokus der Aufmerksamkeit. Aber auch Entwicklungen bezüglich Test- und Impfstrategien der Betriebe wurden in den Blick genommen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Bellmann, Lutz ; Kleifgen, Eva ; Moritz, Michael ; Leber, Ute; Umkehrer, Matthias; Kagerl, Christian ; König, Corinna ; Stegmaier, Jens ; Koch, Theresa; Hensgen, Sophie ; Roth, Duncan ; Pohlan, Laura ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Labour Mobility in German Establishments during the COVID-19 Crisis: Panel Data Analyses with Special Reference to Short-Time Work and Working from Home (2023)

    Bellmann, Lisa ; Bellmann, Lutz ; Hübler, Olaf;

    Zitatform

    Bellmann, Lisa, Lutz Bellmann & Olaf Hübler (2023): Labour Mobility in German Establishments during the COVID-19 Crisis: Panel Data Analyses with Special Reference to Short-Time Work and Working from Home. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 15935), Bonn, 23 S.

    Abstract

    "Using 21 waves of German high-frequency establishment panel data collected during the COVID-19 crisis, we investigate the effects of short-time work (STW) and working from home (WFH) on hiring, firings, resignations and excess labour turnover (or churning). Thus, we enquire whether STW avoids firings as intended by policymakers and is associated with unintended side effects by subsidising some establishments and locking in some employees. Additionally, where it was feasible, establishments used WFH to continue working without risking an increase in COVID-19 infections and allowing employed parents to care for children attending closed schools. While much of the literature investigating the effects of STW and WFH remains descriptive, we conduct panel data analyses. We apply data and methods that allow for the dynamic pattern of STW and WFH during the pandemic. Furthermore, our data include relevant establishment-level variables, such as the existence of a works council, employee qualifications, establishment size, the degree to which the establishment was affected by the COVID-19 crisis, industry affiliation and a wave indicator for the period the survey was conducted. Our results show the important influences of STW and WFH on employment during the pandemic. By means of STW, establishments are able to avoid an increase in involuntary layoffs, and hiring decreases significantly. In contrast, WFH is associated with a rise in resignations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Bellmann, Lisa ; Bellmann, Lutz ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Unemployment and COVID-19: an analysis of change in persistence (2023)

    Bermejo, Lorenzo ; Malmierca-Ordoqui, Maria ; Gil-Alana, Luis Alberiko ;

    Zitatform

    Bermejo, Lorenzo, Maria Malmierca-Ordoqui & Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana (2023): Unemployment and COVID-19: an analysis of change in persistence. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 55, H. 39, S. 4511-4521. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2022.2129574

    Abstract

    "This paper examines the degree of persistence in monthly unemployment rates for a group of 24 European countries along with the global rate for the Euro area, the European Union, the G7 and the OECD countries. For this purpose, fractionally integrated methods are employed. Using data from January 2010 to November 2020, our results indicate that fractional integration is present in all countries examined, with the orders of integration of the series ranging in the (0, 1) interval. Comparing the data before COVID-19 with those including it, the significant time trend coefficient and the mean reverting property disappear in most cases when COVID-19 data are considered. This implies that governments should consider that, after the pandemic, shocks on the labour market will have permanent effects. Thus, policies should address unemployment accordingly. Our work, however, does not focus on the analysis of nonlinearities, what could provide a more complete understanding of the series behaviour." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Employer reallocation during the COVID-19 pandemic: Validation and application of a do-it-yourself CPS (2023)

    Bick, Alexander ; Blandin, Adam;

    Zitatform

    Bick, Alexander & Adam Blandin (2023): Employer reallocation during the COVID-19 pandemic: Validation and application of a do-it-yourself CPS. In: Review of Economic Dynamics, Jg. 49, S. 58-76. DOI:10.1016/j.red.2022.11.002

    Abstract

    "Economists have recently begun using independent online surveys to collect national labor market data. Questions remain over the quality of such data. This paper provides an approach to address these concerns. Our case study is the Real-Time Population Survey (RPS), a novel online survey of the US built around the Current Population Survey (CPS). The RPS replicates core components of the CPS, ensuring comparable measures that allow us to weight and rigorously validate our results using a high-quality benchmark. At the same time, special questions in the RPS yield novel information regarding employer reallocation during the COVID-19 pandemic. We estimate that 26% of pre-pandemic workers were working for a new employer one year into the COVID-19 outbreak in the US, at least double the rate of any previous episode in the past quarter century. Our discussion contains practical suggestions for the design of novel labor market surveys and highlights other promising applications of our methodology." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Neither backlash nor convergence: dynamics of intra-couple childcare division during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany (2023)

    Boll, Christina ; Müller, Dana; Schüller, Simone ;

    Zitatform

    Boll, Christina, Dana Müller & Simone Schüller (2023): Neither backlash nor convergence: dynamics of intra-couple childcare division during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 57. DOI:10.1186/s12651-023-00353-8

    Abstract

    "Using unique (bi)monthly panel data (IAB-HOPP) covering the immediate postlockdown period from June to August 2020, as well as the subsequent period up until the second lockdown in January/February 2021, we investigate opposing claims of widening/closing the gender gap in parental childcare during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany. We consider prepandemic division as a reference point and provide dynamics rather than snapshots. Our results suggest a slight initial shift toward a more egalitarian division that, however, faded out in subsequent months. Starting from a fairly “traditional” prepandemic childcare division, the lockdown stimulus was not nearly strong enough to level the playing field. Subgroup analysis differentiating between individual lockdown-specific work arrangements shows that the drivers of the observed shift were mothers with relatively intense labor market participation who cannot work from home. Fathers’ work arrangement instead did not play a significant role. We conclude that the shift emerged out of necessity rather than opportunity, which makes it likely to fade once the necessity vanishes. Further, a shift is observed only if fathers were to some extent involved in childcare prepandemic, which points to the crucial role of initial conditions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Müller, Dana;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Free riding on short-time work allowances? Results from an experimental survey design (2023)

    Bossler, Mario ; Osiander, Christopher ; Schmidtke, Julia ; Trappmann, Mark ;

    Zitatform

    Bossler, Mario, Christopher Osiander, Julia Schmidtke & Mark Trappmann (2023): Free riding on short-time work allowances? Results from an experimental survey design. In: Kyklos, Jg. 76, H. 4, S. 882-901., 2023-07-14. DOI:10.1111/kykl.12354

    Abstract

    "Short-time work (STW) is a policy measure whose prominence increases during economic crises and is intended to stabilize the labor market. Employers can temporarily reduce employees' working hours, which are in turn paid by the social security system in the meantime. Although short-time work -by design - saves employers a fraction of their wage costs, little is known about free riding behavior when using this option. Accordingly, we analyze the employee-reported free riding experience with respect to longer actual working hours than accounted for in employees' short-time work allowances, the unchanged workloads experienced by these employees, and announced lay-off decisions. Since these questions are certainly sensitive, we employ the crosswise model, a privacy-preserving technique, in a random half of the sample. Our results show significant employee-reported prevalences across all dimensions and a significant association between free riding and workers' job dissatisfaction. These findings thus highlight the importance of the crosswise model in uncovering these findings and demonstrate a specific drawback in the application of short-time work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Wiley) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Bossler, Mario ; Osiander, Christopher ; Schmidtke, Julia ; Trappmann, Mark ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Nachhaltige Arbeit in Europa: Sozialökologische Transformation von Arbeit und Impulse aus der Pandemie (2023)

    Brandl, Sebastian; Matuschek, Ingo;

    Zitatform

    Brandl, Sebastian & Ingo Matuschek (2023): Nachhaltige Arbeit in Europa: Sozialökologische Transformation von Arbeit und Impulse aus der Pandemie. In: Momentum Quarterly, Jg. 12, H. 3, S. 147-166. DOI:10.15203/momentumquarterly.vol12.no3.p147-166

    Abstract

    "In the COVID-19-pandemic, the state and its institutions have demonstrated an enormous capacity to act. Within a few days and with shortened the usual consultation procedures, the consequences of the crisis for the health of citizens and the lock-down for companies, employees and regions were absorbed. In addition to the health care sector, the labour market in particular was marked by upheavals due to temporary plant closures. This was reacted to with the mass use of short-time working allowance. The German Public Employment Service proved to be an agile actor in the crisis by coping with the proverbial explosion of shorttime working allowance applications to unprecedented heights and thus contributing to social peace. Against this background, the article asks what lessons can be drawn from this for a (plannable) socio-ecological restructuring. This will be linked to the heterogeneous and partly restrained perspectives on sustainable work in European countries and developed into a proposal for a modified transfer short-time working allowance as an instrument of just transition. This proposal is to be embedded in further socio-political reforms to protect the self-employed, for example; the pandemic has also revealed this necessity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Berufswechsel zu Beginn der Covid-19-Pandemie: Nur geringe Auswirkungen auf Erwerbsverläufe (2023)

    Braunschweig, Luisa; Seibert, Holger; Roth, Duncan ; Buhmann, Mara; Kindt, Anna-Maria ; Buch, Tanja;

    Zitatform

    Braunschweig, Luisa, Tanja Buch, Mara Buhmann, Anna-Maria Kindt, Duncan Roth & Holger Seibert (2023): Berufswechsel zu Beginn der Covid-19-Pandemie: Nur geringe Auswirkungen auf Erwerbsverläufe. (IAB-Kurzbericht 6/2023), Nürnberg, 8 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2306

    Abstract

    "Beschäftigte, die zu Beginn der Covid-19-Pandemie ihren Beruf gewechselt haben, taten dies in einem krisenhaften Arbeitsmarktumfeld. Verglichen mit Berufswechseln im Vorjahr 2019 gingen den Untersuchungsergebnissen zufolge solche Berufswechsel im Frühjahr 2020 zunächst häufiger mit einer erhöhten Arbeitslosigkeit und Lohneinbußen einher. Diese Nachteile konnten jedoch meist bis zum Jahresende 2020 ausgeglichen werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Braunschweig, Luisa; Seibert, Holger; Roth, Duncan ; Buhmann, Mara; Kindt, Anna-Maria ; Buch, Tanja;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Folgen der Corona-Krise für den Arbeitsmarkt: Droht der Aufbau neuer Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit? (2023)

    Bruckmeier, Kerstin ; Hohmeyer, Katrin;

    Zitatform

    Bruckmeier, Kerstin & Katrin Hohmeyer (2023): Folgen der Corona-Krise für den Arbeitsmarkt: Droht der Aufbau neuer Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit? In: Sozialer Fortschritt, Jg. 72, H. 1, S. 3-21., 2022-09-27. DOI:10.3790/sfo.72.1.3

    Abstract

    "Die Corona-Pandemie stellte den Arbeitsmarkt vor große Herausforderungen. In diesem Beitrag untersuchen wir die Entwicklung der Arbeitslosigkeit im Pandemiezeitraum. Trotz der höheren Inanspruchnahme von Kurzarbeit stieg die Arbeitslosigkeit im Jahr 2020 stärker als während der vorherigen großen Rezession 2009, hauptsächlich da weniger Arbeitslose die Arbeitslosigkeit beenden konnten. Betroffen waren Arbeitslose mit unterschiedlichen Perspektiven in Industrie oder im Dienstleistungsbereich. Eine weitere Besonderheit waren die Einschränkungen bei der Betreuung von Arbeitslosen und bei arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen. Zusammengenommen führte dies zu einem deutlichen Anstieg der Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit. Seit dem Jahr 2021 zog die Arbeitskräftenachfrage zunächst wieder an, allerdings liegt die Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit noch deutlich über dem Vorkrisenniveau. Zudem sind zusätzliche wirtschaftliche Unsicherheiten infolge des Krieges in der Ukraine hinzugekommen und seit dem Herbst 2022 stagnierte die Entwicklung am Arbeitsmarkt nahezu. Die Verfestigungsrisiken bei der Arbeitslosigkeit bleiben damit hoch." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Duncker & Humblot)

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Bruckmeier, Kerstin ; Hohmeyer, Katrin;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    System Relevance and Firm Performance Due to COVID-19 (2023)

    Böhm, Michael J. ; Qendrai, Pamela;

    Zitatform

    Böhm, Michael J. & Pamela Qendrai (2023): System Relevance and Firm Performance Due to COVID-19. In: German Economic Review, Jg. 24, H. 4, S. 349-410. DOI:10.1515/ger-2023-0070

    Abstract

    "We study the impact of COVID-19 on firm performance. Using financial accounts of a large number of German firms, we document that industry affiliation is an important economic dimension of the crisis. Motivated by this fact, we analyze an important industry-specific regulation, system relevance, which allows businesses to remain open in times of lockdown and other restrictions. A difference-in-differences estimation strategy shows that relative revenues of system-relevant firms increase by 6–9 percent and profits by 17–25 percent due to COVID. Controlling for channels that are arguably not driven by the system-relevance regulation, the impact on revenues decreases but remains significant. Overall, results indicate that regulations affecting the ability to operate as well as industry-level shocks play important roles for firm performance during a pandemic-induced crisis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Pandemic Depression: COVID-19 and the Mental Health of the Self-Employed (2023)

    Caliendo, Marco ; Kritikos, Alexander S. ; Seebauer, Johannes; Graeber, Daniel;

    Zitatform

    Caliendo, Marco, Daniel Graeber, Alexander S. Kritikos & Johannes Seebauer (2023): Pandemic Depression: COVID-19 and the Mental Health of the Self-Employed. In: Entrepreneurship theory and practice, Jg. 47, H. 3, S. 788-830. DOI:10.1177/10422587221102106

    Abstract

    "We investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-employed people’s mental health. Using representative longitudinal survey data from Germany, we reveal differential effects by gender: whereas self-employed women experienced a substantial deterioration in their mental health, self-employed men displayed no significant changes up to early 2021. Financial losses are important in explaining these differences. In addition, we find larger mental health responses among self-employed women who were directly affected by government-imposed restrictions and bore an increased childcare burden due to school and daycare closures. We also find that self-employed individuals who are more resilient coped better with the crisis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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    Employment dynamics across firms during COVID-19: The role of job retention schemes (2023)

    Calligaris, Sara; Ciminelli, Gabriele; Desnoyers-James, Isabelle; Criscuolo, Chiara; Costa, Hélia; Demmou, Lilas; Franco, Guido; Verlhac, Rudy;

    Zitatform

    Calligaris, Sara, Gabriele Ciminelli, Hélia Costa, Chiara Criscuolo, Lilas Demmou, Isabelle Desnoyers-James, Guido Franco & Rudy Verlhac (2023): Employment dynamics across firms during COVID-19: The role of job retention schemes. (OECD Economics Department working papers 1788), Paris, 67 S. DOI:10.1787/33388537-en

    Abstract

    "This paper analyses employment dynamics across firms during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of job retention schemes (JRS) in shaping these dynamics. It relies on a novel collection of high-frequency harmonised micro-aggregated statistics, computed using administrative data on employment and wages from electronic payroll records across 12 countries linked to monthly information on policy support during COVID-19, as well as on a new indicator of JRS de-jure generosity. The analysis highlights four key findings: i) the employment adjustment margins varied over time, adjusting mainly through the intensive margin in 2020, while both the intensive and the extensive margins contributed to employment changes in 2021; ii) the reallocation process remained productivity enhancing, although to a lower extent on average compared to 2019; iii) JRS were successful in their purpose of cushioning the effect of the crisis on employment growth and firm survival; iv) JRS support did not distort the productivity-enhancing nature of reallocation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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    COVID-19, young people and the futures of work: Rethinking global grammars of enterprise (2023)

    Carbajo, Diego; Kelly, Peter;

    Zitatform

    Carbajo, Diego & Peter Kelly (2023): COVID-19, young people and the futures of work: Rethinking global grammars of enterprise. In: The sociological review, Jg. 71, H. 1, S. 65-84. DOI:10.1177/00380261221093403

    Abstract

    "In this article we revisit our analytical concept of global grammars of enterprise to explore the ways in which this grammar is being reimagined in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the crises it produces. Drawing on a hermeneutic sociological analysis of a variety of documents (policies, websites, think pieces), our rethinking revisits understandings of the relationships between ‘enterprise’, young people, education, training and work, and the importance of certain ideas about a young person’s ‘self project’, ‘self-fulfilment’ and ‘creativity’. In doing this work, which is largely located in the developed economies of the European Union and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, we trace a number of the entanglements between young people and global grammars of enterprise, and between what we identify as the emergent logics of ‘rescue and restitution’ and ‘reconsideration and redefinition’ that frame different, though connected responses to the pandemic and its uncertain, complex and ambiguous consequences for the future of work. We explore what sociologies of work, education and youth might contribute to problematising both the crises that the pandemic foreshadows in relation to young people’s health and well-being and their education, training and employment pathways, and the ‘solutions’ that are being proposed to these crises at what Rosa Braidotti has identified as the convergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Sixth Mass Extinction." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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    Ausbildungsplatzabsagen und -kündigungen während der Corona-Pandemie: Wer war besonders stark betroffen? Deskriptive Analysen auf Basis der BA/BIBB-Bewerberbefragung 2021 (2023)

    Christ, Alexander; Keßler, Catie; Gei, Julia; Heinecke, Marcel;

    Zitatform

    Christ, Alexander, Marcel Heinecke, Catie Keßler & Julia Gei (2023): Ausbildungsplatzabsagen und -kündigungen während der Corona-Pandemie. Wer war besonders stark betroffen? Deskriptive Analysen auf Basis der BA/BIBB-Bewerberbefragung 2021. (BIBB discussion paper / Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung), Bonn, 16 S.

    Abstract

    "Vor dem Hintergrund der Auswirkungen der Corona-Pandemie auf die Zeit der Ausbildungsstellensuche betrachtet der folgende Beitrag Ausbildungsstellenbewerber/-innen, denen im Zuge der Corona-Pandemie im zweiten Corona-Jahr (2021), bereits zugesagte Ausbildungsstellen abgesagt wurden oder denen im Laufe ihrer Ausbildung gekündigt wurde. Die Ergebnisse der BA/BIBB Bewerberbefragung, einer repräsentativen schriftlich-postalischen Befragung von Ausbildungsstellenbewerber/-innen, zeigen, dass der Anteil der Bewerber/-innen, die von Absagen und Kündigungen betroffen war, im Vergleich zum Vorjahr leicht angestiegen ist von 9,1 Prozent im ersten- auf 12,1 Prozent im zweiten Corona-Jahr. Dabei sind in besonderem Maße Bewerber/-innen betroffen, die ohnehin eine vergleichsweise schwache Marktposition haben. So waren Bewerber/innen mit maximal Hauptschulabschluss, Bewerber/-innen mit Flucht- oder Migrationshintergrund sowie Bewerber/-innen, die bereits in den zurückliegenden Jahren mit Hilfe der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) auf Ausbildungsstellensuche waren (sog. Altbewerber/-innen) häufiger betroffen. Zudem zeigt sich, dass Bewerber/-innen, die die Erfahrung einer Absage oder Kündigung machten und denen im Anschluss an diese Erfahrung der erneute Übergang in eine betriebliche Ausbildung gelang, ihre berufliche Tätigkeit geringfügig weniger zufriedenstellend bewerten und häufiger als Bewerber/-innen ohne Erfahrungen von Absagen oder Kündigungen angaben, dass ihr Ausbildungsberuf nicht ihrem Wunschberuf entspricht." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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