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Auswirkungen der Covid-19-Pandemie auf Wirtschaft und Arbeitsmarkt in Deutschland

Wirtschaft und Arbeitsmarkt stehen seit der Ausbreitung des Coronavirus vor großen Herausforderungen. Zur Unterstützung von Beschäftigten und Unternehmen hatte der Bundestag im Eilverfahren u.a. einen leichteren Zugang zum Kurzarbeitergeld beschlossen. Dieses Themendossier stellt Einschätzungen aus Forschung und Politik zu den Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf den Arbeitsmarkt, die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung und notwendige Maßnahmen in Deutschland zusammen.
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  • Literaturhinweis

    The great divide between employees: Clustering employee “well-being” during a pandemic (2025)

    Bughin, Jacques ; Ohme, Rafal; Żyszkiewicz, Marcin; Reykowska, Dorota; Cincera, Michele ;

    Zitatform

    Bughin, Jacques, Michele Cincera, Dorota Reykowska, Marcin Żyszkiewicz & Rafal Ohme (2025): The great divide between employees: Clustering employee “well-being” during a pandemic. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 20. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0294540

    Abstract

    "The Covid-19 pandemic is a textbook case of significant situational stress induced by various disruptions beyond mere health concerns, such as social isolation and financial constraints. For the workforce, it is essential to anticipate how these disruptions may undermine employees ’ resilience, to avoid a negative spiral where poor well-being lowers productivity, reduces economic prospects, and continues to increase worker stress. We measure multiple forms of stress and worries as drivers of well-being—health, economic, social, and psychological—encountered by the workforce during the acute period of the Covid-19 pandemic. The study analyzed data from 2,780 employees across five European countries: France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden. Overall Concern Score: The overall concern score was 56.8% across four domains: health, economic, social, and psychological. Stressors can be synthesized into five typical groups associated with a variety of mediating factors such as institutional trust, lifestyle, and worker education. The implication is that workers’ well-being is heterogeneous and that human resource practices may need at least a segmented approach to well-being if they wish to create an environment of a resilient and productive workforce." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Rallying around the leader in times of crises: The opposing effects of perceived threat and anxiety (2025)

    Lehrer, Roni ; Neunhoeffer, Marcel ; Juhl, Sebastian ; Müller, Klara ; Gschwend, Thomas ; Bahnsen, Oke ;

    Zitatform

    Lehrer, Roni, Oke Bahnsen, Klara Müller, Marcel Neunhoeffer, Thomas Gschwend & Sebastian Juhl (2025): Rallying around the leader in times of crises: The opposing effects of perceived threat and anxiety. In: European journal of political research, Jg. 64, H. 2, S. 697-718., 2024-07-20. DOI:10.1111/1475-6765.12717

    Abstract

    "In times of crisis, citizens tend to increase their approval of the government and its leader which can shift the balance of power. This ‘rally effect’ is a persistent empirical regularity; however, the literature is still undecided on its underlying causal mechanisms. We argue that crises induce threat and anxiety and hypothesize that perceived threat increases approval of the incumbent leader, whereas anxiety decreases it. By analysing German panel data from the COVID-19 pandemic, we causally identify both mechanisms and provide systematic evidence supporting this theory. Moreover, we increase the scope of our theory and show that both mechanisms are also at work when citizens approve cabinet members who manage key portfolios. Our findings have highly important implications for our understanding of the rally effect and crises politics in democracies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Neunhoeffer, Marcel ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Mental health in Germany before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic (2025)

    Patzina, Alexander ; Collischon, Matthias ; Obrizan, Maksym; Hoffmann, Rasmus ;

    Zitatform

    Patzina, Alexander, Matthias Collischon, Rasmus Hoffmann & Maksym Obrizan (2025): Mental health in Germany before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 20, 2024-10-25. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0313689

    Abstract

    "Based on nationally representative panel data (N person-years = 40,020; N persons = 18,704; Panel Labour Market and Social Security; PASS) from 2018 to 2022, we investigate how mental health changed during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. We employ time-distributed fixed effects regressions to show that mental health (Mental Health Component Summary Score of the SF-12) decreased from the first COVID-19 wave in 2020 onward, leading to the most pronounced mental health decreases during the Delta wave, which began in August 2021. In the summer of 2022, mental health had not returned to baseline levels. An analysis of the subdomains of the mental health measure indicates that long-term negative mental health changes are mainly driven by declines in psychological well-being and calmness. Furthermore, our results indicate no clear patterns of heterogeneity between age groups, sex, income, education, migrant status, childcare responsibilities or pre-COVID-19 health status. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic appears to have had a uniform effect on mental health in the German adult population and did not lead to a widening of health inequalities in the long run." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Patzina, Alexander ; Collischon, Matthias ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Jünger und weniger zufrieden? Die Lebenszufriedenheit junger Beschäftigter während der Covid-19-Pandemie (2024)

    Achatz, Juliane; Christoph, Bernhard ; Anger, Silke ;

    Zitatform

    Achatz, Juliane, Silke Anger & Bernhard Christoph (2024): Jünger und weniger zufrieden? Die Lebenszufriedenheit junger Beschäftigter während der Covid-19-Pandemie. In: IAB-Forum H. 16.02.2024. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20240216.01

    Abstract

    "Jüngere Beschäftigte waren von den Auswirkungen der Pandemie besonders betroffen. So haben sie im Durchschnitt seltener Kurzarbeitergeld erhalten und ihre Einkommen haben sich weniger positiv entwickelt als die älterer Beschäftigter. Obwohl finanzielle Probleme und Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit üblicherweise zu den stärksten Prädiktoren der Lebenszufriedenheit zählen, hatten unmittelbar pandemiebedingte Bedrohungen und Einschränkungen, wie sie sich zum Beispiel über Inzidenzraten erfassen lassen, einen wesentlich stärkeren Einfluss auf die Lebenszufriedenheit junger Beschäftigter." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Christoph, Bernhard ; Anger, Silke ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    War, international spillovers, and adolescents: Evidence from Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022 (2024)

    Anger, Silke ; Christoph, Bernhard ; Margaryan, Shushanik ; Galkiewicz, Agata Danuta; Siedler, Thomas ; Sandner, Malte ; Peter, Frauke ;

    Zitatform

    Anger, Silke, Bernhard Christoph, Agata Danuta Galkiewicz, Shushanik Margaryan, Frauke Peter, Malte Sandner & Thomas Siedler (2024): War, international spillovers, and adolescents: Evidence from Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022. In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Jg. 224, S. 181-193., 2024-03-06. DOI:10.1016/j.jebo.2024.03.009

    Abstract

    "Using novel longitudinal data, this paper studies the short- and medium-term effects of Russia's invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022 on social trust of adolescents in Germany. Comparing adolescents who responded to our survey shortly before the start of the war with those who responded shortly after the conflict began and applying difference-in-differences (DiD) models over time, we find a significant decline in the outcome after the war started. These findings provide new evidence on how armed conflicts influence social trust and well-being among young people in a country not directly involved in the war." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Anger, Silke ; Christoph, Bernhard ; Galkiewicz, Agata Danuta; Sandner, Malte ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Changes in mental distress among employees during the three years of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany (2024)

    Casjens, Swaantje ; Behrens, Thomas ; Brüning, Thomas; Taeger, Dirk ;

    Zitatform

    Casjens, Swaantje, Dirk Taeger, Thomas Brüning & Thomas Behrens (2024): Changes in mental distress among employees during the three years of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 19. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0302020

    Abstract

    "Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic changed the future of work sustainably and led to a general increase in mental stress. A study conducted during the second and third pandemic wave with a retrospective survey of the first wave among 1,545 non-healthcare workers confirmed an increase in anxiety and depression symptoms and showed a correlation with the occupational SARS-CoV-2 infection risk. This online follow-up survey aims to examine changes in mental distress as the pandemic progressed in Germany and to identify factors influencing potential changes. Methods Longitudinal data from 260 subjects were available for this analysis. Mental distress related to anxiety and depression symptoms, assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), and occupational risk factors were solicited at the end of 2022 and retrospectively at the fifth wave. Categorized PHQ-4 scores were modelled with mixed ordinal regression models and presented with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results A previous diagnosis of a depressive or anxiety disorder was a strong risk factor for severe symptoms (OR 3.49, 95% CI 1.71–7.11). The impact of occupational SARS-CoV-2 infection risk on mental distress was increased, albeit failing to reach the formal level of statistical significance (high risk OR 1.83, 95% CI 0.59–5.63; probable risk OR 1.72, 95%CI 0.93–3.15). Mental distress was more pronounced in those with a previous diagnosis of anxiety and depression. Confirmed occupational risk factors were protective measures against occupational SARS-CoV-2 infection perceived as inadequate, chronic work-related stress, overcommitment, reduced interactions with fellow-workers, and work-privacy conflicts. Conclusions The pandemic had a negative impact on anxiety and depression symptoms among the studied non-healthcare workers, particularly early in the pandemic, although this effect does not appear to be permanent. There are modifiable risk factors that can protect workers’ mental health, including strengthening social interactions among employees and reducing work-privacy conflicts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Arbeitsplatzbezogenes Belastungserleben und psychische Gesundheit der Beschäftigten im Gesundheitswesen während der COVID-19-Pandemie: Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren aus der VOICE-Studie (2024)

    Erim, Yesim; Baranowski, Andreas M.; Geiser, Franziska ; Beschoner, Petra ; Mogwitz, Sabine; Jerg-Bretzke, Lucia; Morawa, Eva; Weidner, Kerstin ; Albus, Christian ;

    Zitatform

    Erim, Yesim, Franziska Geiser, Petra Beschoner, Lucia Jerg-Bretzke, Kerstin Weidner, Christian Albus, Andreas M. Baranowski, Sabine Mogwitz & Eva Morawa (2024): Arbeitsplatzbezogenes Belastungserleben und psychische Gesundheit der Beschäftigten im Gesundheitswesen während der COVID-19-Pandemie: Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren aus der VOICE-Studie. In: Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz, Jg. 67, H. 11, S. 1248-1255. DOI:10.1007/s00103-024-03954-x

    Abstract

    "Hintergrund: Beschäftigte im Gesundheitswesen haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für Depressionen und Angstsymptome und insbesondere während der COVID19-Pandemie war medizinisches Personal vielseitig gefordert. Ziel der VOICE-Studie war es, Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren für arbeitsplatzbezogenes Belastungserleben und psychische Gesundheit zu untersuchen. Methode: Im Verbund von 5 psychosomatischen Universitätskliniken (Erlangen, Ulm, Bonn, Köln und Dresden) wurde ab Frühjahr 2020 eine multizentrische, webbasierte und prospektive Befragung (VOICE-Studie) initiiert. An der Studie nahmen zu 5 Messzeitpunkten mehr als 25.000 Personen teil. Ergebnisse: Von 3678 während der ersten Pandemiewelle untersuchten Mitarbeitenden im Krankenhaussetting waren 17,4 % bzw. 17,8 % der Ärztinnen und Ärzte, 21,6 % bzw. 19,0 % der Pflegekräfte und 23,0 % bzw. 20,1 % der medizinisch-technischen Assistenteninnen und Assistenten (MTA) von Depressions- und Angstsymptomen in klinisch relevantem Ausmaß betroffen. Die wichtigsten Risikofaktoren für eine depressive bzw. Angstsymptomatik waren unzureichende Erholung in der Freizeit, erhöhter Alkoholkonsum, geringeres Vertrauen in die Kolleginnen und Kollegen in schwierigen Arbeitssituationen sowie erhöhte Angst, sich mit COVID-19 zu infizieren. Prädiktoren für eine erhöhte posttraumatische Symptomatik waren erhöhte generalisierte Angst und Depressivität sowie erhöhte Angst vor Ansteckung der Angehörigen. Als protektive Faktoren fungierten Kohärenzgefühl, soziale Unterstützung, Optimismus und Belohnungsniveau. Diskussion: Die psychischen Auswirkungen arbeitsplatzbezogener Belastung in der Pandemie stellten sich als bedeutsam dar. Daher sind regelmäßige Screening- und Präventionsprogramme zur psychischen Gesundheit für Beschäftigte im Gesundheitswesen angezeigt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    How to Enhance Time Wealth? Insights from Changes in Time Use and Working Conditions During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Germany (2024)

    Gerold, Stefanie ; Geiger, Sonja M. ; Buhl, Johannes ;

    Zitatform

    Gerold, Stefanie, Johannes Buhl & Sonja M. Geiger (2024): How to Enhance Time Wealth? Insights from Changes in Time Use and Working Conditions During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Germany. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 171, H. 1, S. 349-371. DOI:10.1007/s11205-023-03252-0

    Abstract

    "This paper investigates the changes in time use, working conditions and subjective time wealth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Our analysis draws on panel data collected before and during the first lockdown among 786 employees. It employs a recently developed scale on time wealth which has been suggested as a comprehensive measure to capture the subjective experience of time. We provide separate analyses according to gender and essential occupation. First-difference regressions are applied to examine how changes in time use and changes in working conditions during the lockdown affected subjective time wealth. Our results show a general growth in time wealth during the lockdown which is, among other factors, driven by a decline in work hours and an increase in sleep duration. We also find positive effects on time wealth from decreased time pressure at work, more autonomy in organising one’s working day, and an improved reconciliation of work and private life. This study contributes to existing research by identifying key aspects how to improve time wealth among employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Lessons from the pandemic: Gender inequality in childcare and the emergence of a gender mental health gap among parents in Germany (2024)

    Hiekel, Nicole ; Kühn, Mine ;

    Zitatform

    Hiekel, Nicole & Mine Kühn (2024): Lessons from the pandemic: Gender inequality in childcare and the emergence of a gender mental health gap among parents in Germany. In: Demographic Research, Jg. 51, S. 49-80. DOI:10.4054/demres.2024.51.3

    Abstract

    "Background: The gender gap in mental health that emerged in Germany during the pandemic grew disproportionally among partnered parents. The question arises as to why mothers – compared to fathers – experienced greater declines in mental health when guiding their families through the pandemic. Objective: This study investigates how changes in childcare arrangements affected parental mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Methods: The German Family Panel is based on a random probability sample from which we selected n = 803 partnered mothers and fathers interviewed before (2018–2019) and after (2020) the onset of the pandemic. We ran change score regression models to examine (1) whether changes in gender inequality in childcare arrangements predict within-changes in mental health among mothers and fathers, and (2) whether gender role attitudes moderate this association. Results: Systematic mental health differences can be pinpointed at the intersection of gender inequality in childcare and gender role attitudes. Women in stable female childcare arrangements in which the mother did relatively more childcare and women who transitioned from non-female to female childcare arrangements experienced the largest mental health declines. This association was particularly salient among women with egalitarian attitudes. Men in these childcare arrangements either experienced no change or even improvement in certain mental health dimensions. By contrast, sharing childcare was mentally beneficial for both mothers and fathers in this global health crisis. Conclusions: Gender inequality in childcare is a risk factor for women’s health, particularly during times of shifting patterns in employment and childcare arrangements. Contribution: Taking lessons from the pandemic, policymakers should acknowledge the disproportionate burden that mothers carry when institutional childcare and schooling are unreliable. Accordingly, the unfolding childcare crises in Germany and beyond need to be tackled from a gender-sensitive perspective." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Max-Planck-Institut für demographische Forschung) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Working from Home and Mental Well-being in the EU at Different Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Gendered Look at Key Mediators (2024)

    Leitner, Sandra M. ;

    Zitatform

    Leitner, Sandra M. (2024): Working from Home and Mental Well-being in the EU at Different Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Gendered Look at Key Mediators. (WIIW working paper 244), Wien, 44 S.

    Abstract

    "This paper analyses the relationship between working from home (WFH) and mental well-being at different stages during the first two critical years of the COVID-19 pandemic, when governments repeatedly imposed lockdowns and enacted WFH mandates to contain the spread of the virus. Using data from a representative survey conducted at four different time periods in 2020 (first lockdown, subsequent gradual reopening), 2021 (further lockdown) and 2022 (restrictions widely lifted) in the 27 EU member states, it examines the potentially changing role of several mediators over time, such as work-family conflict, family-work conflict, stability, resilience, isolation, the importance of different support networks, workload, physical risk of contracting COVID-19 at work, and housing conditions. For the first lockdown, it also differentiates by previous WFH experience, in terms of WFH novices and experienced WFH workers. It differentiates by gender, in order to take the potential gendered nature and effect of COVID-19 measures into account. The results show that while there was no direct relationship between WFH and mental well-being, there are several important mediators whose relevance was specific not only to certain stages of the pandemic, but also to previous experience with WFH and gender. Stability is the only mediator that was relevant over the entire two-year pandemic period. Work-family conflict and family-work conflict were only relevant during the first lockdown, while resilience and isolation mattered especially when most of the EU economies had lifted most of their restrictions. Unlike established WFH workers, WFH novices had an advantage during the first lockdown, benefiting from lower family-work conflict and more helpful networks of family and friends. Moreover, our results differ by gender for females who undertook WFH, important mediators were work-family conflict and family-work conflict. Both were related to adjustments they had to make in work and non-work" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Fatigue nach einer COVID-19-Erkrankung im Zusammenhang mit Depressivität und Ängstlichkeit bei Versicherten aus Gesundheits- und Sozialberufen (2024)

    Mertens, Svenja; Nienhaus, Albert ; Koch-Gromus, Uwe; Peters, Claudia;

    Zitatform

    Mertens, Svenja, Albert Nienhaus, Claudia Peters & Uwe Koch-Gromus (2024): Fatigue nach einer COVID-19-Erkrankung im Zusammenhang mit Depressivität und Ängstlichkeit bei Versicherten aus Gesundheits- und Sozialberufen. In: Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz, Jg. 67, H. 11, S. 1239-1247. DOI:10.1007/s00103-024-03953-y

    Abstract

    "Hintergrund Fatigue bezeichnet einen andauernden Erschöpfungszustand, der auf eine Infektionskrankheit folgen kann. Sie zählt zu den häufigsten Symptomen beim Post-Covid-Syndrom (PCS). Auch bei psychischen Erkrankungen kann Fatigue auftreten, allerdings ist Fatigue, wie andere chronische Erkrankungen, auch selbst ein Risikofaktor für Depressivität und Ängstlichkeit. Ziel der Analyse ist es, zu untersuchen, inwieweit sich Fatigue und Depressivität/Ängstlichkeit gegenseitig bedingen und ob es Unterschiede zwischen PCS-Betroffenen und vollständig Genesenen gibt. Methodik In einer Längsschnittuntersuchung mit 3 Messzeitpunkten wurden Versicherte der Berufsgenossenschaft für Gesundheitsdienst und Wohlfahrtspflege, die im Jahr 2020 mit SARS-CoV-2 infiziert waren, zu Fatigue, Depressivität/Ängstlichkeit und lang anhaltenden COVID-19-Symptomen befragt. Zur Analyse der längsschnittlichen Effekte der beiden Variablen wurde ein kreuzlagiges Paneldatenmodell angewandt. Ergebnisse Die Stichprobe (n  = 860) weist zu den 3 Messzeitpunkten einen Anteil von 68,7–75,1 % an PCS-Betroffenen auf. Das Modell zeigt eine Güte von R 2  = 61,49 % und durchgehend signifikante Effekte, jedoch unterscheiden sich die kreuzlagigen Pfade nicht signifikant voneinander. Wird danach stratifiziert, ob eine PCS-Symptomatik vorliegt, schwächen sich in beiden Gruppen die kreuzlagigen Effekte ab, während nur in der Gruppe der PCS-Betroffenen die Effekte von Fatigue auf Depressivität und Ängstlichkeit bestehen bleiben. Diskussion Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse zeigen einen wechselseitigen Zusammenhang von Fatigue- und Depressivitäts-/Ängstlichkeitssymptomatik. PCS-Betroffene könnten von psychotherapeutischen Behandlungen aufgrund ihrer Fatigue profitieren, da dem Entstehen von Depressionen oder Angststörungen vorgebeugt werden kann." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Work and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic (2024)

    Naumann, Elias ; Marzec, Piotr ; Dotti Sani, Giulia M. ; Pasqualini, Marta ;

    Zitatform

    Naumann, Elias, Giulia M. Dotti Sani, Piotr Marzec & Marta Pasqualini (2024): Work and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. (Social situation monitor), Brussels, 55 S. DOI:10.2767/363952

    Abstract

    "Few developments or events in recent decades have changed European societies as quickly and profoundly as the COVID-19 pandemic. Many policy analyses on COVID-19 have focused on the kinds of policies implemented to contain the spread of COVID-19 and their effectiveness in reducing the number of new infections. However, the political, social and psychological consequences of the containment policies are equally important to explore, as their consequences may continue to affect our societies in the medium and longer term. The pandemic and associated containment measures have affected almost every aspect of our societies and any analysis of the social situation during the pandemic should ideally cover several societal areas. This research note provides empirical evidence on how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected our societies. It focuses on work and well-being, and uses unique datasets to look at the groups most affected." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Arbeitsplatzverluste bei Menschen mit Schwerbehinderung während der Covid-19-Pandemie (2024)

    Paul, Karsten Ingmar ; Hollederer, Alfons ;

    Zitatform

    Paul, Karsten Ingmar & Alfons Hollederer (2024): Arbeitsplatzverluste bei Menschen mit Schwerbehinderung während der Covid-19-Pandemie. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 77, H. 3, S. 201-209. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2024-3-201

    Abstract

    "Von sozialer Ungleichheit sind Menschen mit Behinderungen in vielerlei Hinsicht besonders stark betroffen. Mit sozial- und arbeitsmarktpolitischen Mitteln wird seit langem versucht, den Nachteilen entgegenzuwirken, mit denen sie konfrontiert sind. Trotzdem ist unumstritten, dass dieser Personenkreis nach wie vor eine besonders vulnerable Gruppe ist. Während der Covid-19-Pandemie verschärften sich die Gefährdungslagen für Menschen mit Behinderungen nicht nur in Bezug auf ihre Gesundheit, möglicherweise trugen sie auch ein höheres Risiko, ihren Arbeitsplatz zu verlieren. Die Studie, über die in diesem Beitrag berichtet wird, hat genauer untersucht, ob das der Fall war und welche Faktoren dabei wirksam waren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Does Worker Well-Being Adapt to a Pandemic? An Event Study Based on High-Frequency Panel Data (2024)

    Schmidtke, Julia ; Lawes, Mario ; Hetschko, Clemens ; Eid, Michael ; Stephan, Gesine ; Schöb, Ronnie ;

    Zitatform

    Schmidtke, Julia, Clemens Hetschko, Ronnie Schöb, Gesine Stephan, Michael Eid & Mario Lawes (2024): Does Worker Well-Being Adapt to a Pandemic? An Event Study Based on High-Frequency Panel Data. In: The Review of Income and Wealth, Jg. 70, H. 3, S. 840-861., 2023-08-23. DOI:10.1111/roiw.12668

    Abstract

    "We estimate the dynamic impact of two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic on an exceptionally broad range of indicators of worker well-being. Our analyses are based on high-frequency panel data from an app-based survey of German workers and employ an event-study design with individual-specific fixed effects. We find that workers' mental health decreased substantially during the first wave of the pandemic. To a smaller extent, this is also true for life satisfaction and momentary happiness. Most well-being indicators converged to prepandemic levels when infection rates declined. During the second wave of the pandemic, overall worker well-being decreased less than that during the first wave. Life satisfaction does not seem to have changed at all. We conclude that worker well-being adapts to the pandemic. Moreover, subgroup analyses indicate that, in terms of well-being, workers who took part in a job retention scheme fared less well during the pandemic than other employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Wiley & Sons Ltd) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Schmidtke, Julia ; Stephan, Gesine ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    When the Burden Lifts: The Effect of School and Day Care Reopenings on Parents' Life Satisfaction (2024)

    Tobler, Lina ; Jacob, Marita ; Fervers, Lukas ; Christoph, Bernhard ;

    Zitatform

    Tobler, Lina, Bernhard Christoph, Lukas Fervers & Marita Jacob (2024): When the Burden Lifts: The Effect of School and Day Care Reopenings on Parents' Life Satisfaction. In: Journal of happiness studies, Jg. 26, 2024-09-15. DOI:10.1007/s10902-024-00819-7

    Abstract

    "The availability of childcare services eases parents’ daily lives and research has shown that it positively affects well-being, especially for mothers. However, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted established childcare arrangements, with school and day care closures adding to parental burdens. Despite extensive discourse on the influence of these closures on parental well-being, few studies have empirically analysed the effects of the increase in childcare responsibilities associated with the closures on the well-being of parents. We seek to address this gap by examining the impact of school and day care reopenings on parental well-being. We expect that parents’ life satisfaction will increase when schools and day care facilities are reopened —and that this effect is particularly strong for mothers. Leveraging the variation in the time of reopenings across Germany’s federal states, we employ a difference-in-differences and a difference-in-difference-in-differences approach to assess changes in well-being. The research design accounts for state-level differences and potential confounding factors related to the pandemic. By using data from the German IAB-HOPP study, which offers timely measures of life satisfaction, we aim to quantify the effects of reopenings on parental well-being. Results show only a small and marginally positive effect of reopenings on average life satisfaction among parents. However, this is due to a strong and significant effect of reopenings on mothers’ life satisfaction and no significanteffect for fathers. Our findings contribute to research on the division of unpaid labour and childcare and support the notion that public childcare provision is crucial, particularly for mothers’ life satisfaction." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Christoph, Bernhard ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Parental stress and working situation during the COVID-19 shutdown – Effects on children’s skill development (2024)

    Vogelbacher, Markus ; Schneider, Thorsten ;

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    Vogelbacher, Markus & Thorsten Schneider (2024): Parental stress and working situation during the COVID-19 shutdown – Effects on children’s skill development. In: Advances in life course research, Jg. 60. DOI:10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100609

    Abstract

    "Objective: This study examines whether parental emotional distress during the first pandemic-related school shutdown in 2020 in Germany affected the development of primary school students’ mathematical skills and investigates changes in parents’ working conditions as triggers of cascading stress processes. Background: The Family Stress Model (FSM) explains the mechanisms that mediate between families’ structural conditions and children's developmental outcomes. Foundational works for this approach focus on historic events that instigate rapid structural changes which, in turn, undermine families' economic situation. The economic losses trigger stress processes. Research on the COVID-19 pandemic reports heightened levels of parental stress and negative impacts on children's cognitive and socioemotional development. This study examines the role of parental emotional distress during the COVID-19 shutdown on children's cognitive development. Expanding on the classical FSM, we hypothesize that changes in parents' working situation, rather than economic changes, may have triggered family stress processes during the shutdown, as federal support largely cushioned economic cutbacks in Germany. Method: For the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), interviews were conducted with parents, and primary school students in Starting Cohort 1 were tested after the first shutdown in 2020. The database provides rich information from survey waves prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing a longitudinal analysis of a sample of 1512 primary school students with ordinary least squares regression. Results: Parents’ emotional distress during the pandemic had a robust negative effect on students’ mathematical skills, even when controlling for prior parenting stress. Changes in parents’ working conditions also had an effect on children’s test scores, and the negative effect of working from home on the test scores was mediated by parents’ emotional distress. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic was a historic event which, at least in Germany, challenged the mental health of many parents and, in turn, impaired the skill development of primary school students. We introduce the role of changes in working conditions as triggers of such processes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))

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    Dokumentation und Codebuch für das Hochfrequente Online Personen Panel "Leben und Erwerbstätigkeit in Zeiten von Corona" (IAB-HOPP, Welle 1–9) (2024)

    Volkert, Marieke ; Zins, Stefan ; Dummert, Sandra ; Schmidtke, Julia ; Bellmann, Lisa ; Haas, Georg-Christoph ; Heusler, Anna ; Altschul, Sophie; Müller, Bettina ; Müller, Dana ; Osiander, Christopher ; Ludsteck, Johannes; Haensch, Anna-Carolina; Trahms, Annette; Hensgen, Sophie ; Stephan, Gesine ; Wayment, Heidi;

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    Volkert, Marieke, Georg-Christoph Haas, Stefan Zins, Sophie Altschul, Lisa Bellmann, Sandra Dummert, Anna-Carolina Haensch, Sophie Hensgen, Anna Heusler, Johannes Ludsteck, Bettina Müller, Dana Müller, Christopher Osiander, Julia Schmidtke, Gesine Stephan, Annette Trahms & Heidi Wayment (2024): Dokumentation und Codebuch für das Hochfrequente Online Personen Panel "Leben und Erwerbstätigkeit in Zeiten von Corona" (IAB-HOPP, Welle 1–9). (FDZ-Datenreport 01/2024 (de)), Nürnberg, 39 S. DOI:10.5164/IAB.FDZD.2401.de.v1

    Abstract

    "Seit sich das Corona-Virus SARS-CoV-2 ausbreitet, hat sich das Leben in Deutschland stark verändert. Viele Menschen müssen neue Anforderungen wie Homeoffice oder Kinderbetreuung zu Hause bewältigen, sind von Kurzarbeit betroffen oder haben ihre Stelle verloren. Die Regierungen auf Bundes- und Länderebene versuchen dieser Lage mit verschiedensten Maßnahmen – wie Ausgangsbeschränkungen oder Maskenpflicht – Herr zu werden. Aber wie wirken sich das Virus und die Maßnahmen auf das Sozial- und Arbeitsleben der Menschen aus? Das IAB hat mit dem Hochfrequenten Online-Personen-Panel „Leben und Erwerbstätigkeit in Zeiten von Corona“ (IAB-HOPP) eine neue Befragung mit acht Wellen aufgesetzt, die im Zeitraum von Mai 2020 bis Juni 2022 Personen zu ihrer derzeitigen Lebens- und Arbeitssituation befragte. Die Daten sollen Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern die Möglichkeit geben, die Auswirkungen der Covid-19-Pandemie zu erforschen. Dieser Datenreport gibt einen Überblick über den Datensatz und die dazu notwendigen Aufbereitungsschritte." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Volkert, Marieke ; Zins, Stefan ; Dummert, Sandra ; Schmidtke, Julia ; Bellmann, Lisa ; Haas, Georg-Christoph ; Heusler, Anna ; Altschul, Sophie; Müller, Dana ; Osiander, Christopher ; Ludsteck, Johannes; Trahms, Annette; Hensgen, Sophie ; Stephan, Gesine ;

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    Willingness to pay for improved working conditions of nurses: Results from a factorial survey experiment in Germany (2024)

    Wolff, Richard ; Osiander, Christopher ; Kunaschk, Max; Heusler, Anna ;

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    Wolff, Richard, Anna Heusler, Max Kunaschk & Christopher Osiander (2024): Willingness to pay for improved working conditions of nurses: Results from a factorial survey experiment in Germany. In: International journal of nursing studies, Jg. 155, 2024-04-19. DOI:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104779

    Abstract

    "Background: Many countries are faced with substantial shortages of skilled nurses. With an aging population and global demographic changes, developing a skilled workforce of nurses has become one of the central challenges for public health care. The recent COVID -19 pandemic may even be exacerbating the current and future labor shortages, which may, in turn, pose a threat to the quality of publicly provided health care. Improving nurses’ working conditions could be a means by which to address the global shortages of nurses. However, in countries with public health care, such improvements may come with additional costs in the form of higher taxes or social security contributions. Therefore, such improvements partly depend on people’s willingness to pay (WTP) for them. Objective: In this paper, we investigate workers’ willingness to pay for improvements in the working conditions of nurses. Design: This study is a factorial survey experiment included as part of an online survey. Setting(s): The factorial survey experiment was implemented within the high -frequency online panel survey “Life and Employment in Times of Corona” (IAB -HOPP) conducted by the Institute for Employment Research (Germany). Participants: We analyze data from N = 2,128 survey participants; our main analysis Journal Pre-proof Journal Pre-proof consists of N = 6,384 responses from those participants. Methods: Our research is based on a factorial survey experiment (vignette analysis) designed to quantitatively measure the willingness to pay for various improvements in the working conditions of nurses. We use random effect models and mixed models to estimate the individual-level willingness to pay for these improvements. Results: Our results show that the survey participants are generally willing to pay for particular policies aimed at improving the working conditions of nurses. However, the amount that respondents are willing to pay varies with the type of policy changes. Survey participants exhibit a high willingness to pay for increases in minimum wages for nurses and wagerelated improvements in general. We find, however, a lower willingness to pay for the right to participate in training courses aimed at reducing work-related stress. Conclusions: The broad support for improvements in the working conditions of nurses provides policymakers with some guidance in implementing policy measures that might address labor shortages in the nursing sector." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Osiander, Christopher ; Kunaschk, Max; Heusler, Anna ;
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    Younger and less satisfied? Young workers life satisfaction during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany (2023)

    Achatz, Juliane; Christoph, Bernhard ; Anger, Silke ;

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    Achatz, Juliane, Bernhard Christoph & Silke Anger (2023): Younger and less satisfied? Young workers life satisfaction during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany. In: IAB-Forum H. 29.12.2023. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20231229.01

    Abstract

    "Adverse effects on workers’ employment situation are highly unequal for different groups. Young workers were particularly affected by the pandemic. They were less likely to receive short-time work allowance and their income developed less favourably than the income of older workers. While financial concerns and job insecurity decrease life satisfaction, it appears that additional threats and restrictions coming along with the pandemic—as approximated by incidence rates—had a much more substantial influence on young workers’ life satisfaction than labour market-related disadvantages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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    Christoph, Bernhard ; Anger, Silke ;
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    Socioeconomic Differences in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in Germany: A Seroepidemiological Study After One Year of COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign (2023)

    Bartig, Susanne; Beese, Florian ; Schmid, Lorenz; Mercuri, Elisabetta; Poethko-Müller, Christina; Schranz, Madlen ; Goßner, Laura ; Schmid-Küpke, Nora Katharina; Wachtler, Benjamin ; Hoebel, Jens ; Niehues, Wenke ; Gößwald, Antje ; Grabka, Markus M. ; Hövener, Claudia; Zinn, Sabine ; Schaade, Lars ;

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    Bartig, Susanne, Florian Beese, Benjamin Wachtler, Markus M. Grabka, Elisabetta Mercuri, Lorenz Schmid, Nora Katharina Schmid-Küpke, Madlen Schranz, Laura Goßner, Wenke Niehues, Sabine Zinn, Christina Poethko-Müller, Lars Schaade, Claudia Hövener, Antje Gößwald & Jens Hoebel (2023): Socioeconomic Differences in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in Germany: A Seroepidemiological Study After One Year of COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign. In: International Journal of Public Health, Jg. 68 9 S., 2023-09-04. DOI:10.3389/ijph.2023.1606152

    Abstract

    "Objective: To evaluate the socioeconomic patterns of SARS-CoV-2 antigen contacts through infection, vaccination or both (“hybrid immunity”) after 1 year of vaccination campaign. Methods: Data were derived from the German seroepidemiological Corona Monitoring Nationwide study (RKI-SOEP-2; n = 10,448; November 2021–February 2022). Combining serological and self-report data, we estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) of SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 vaccination, basic immunization (at least two SARS-CoV-2 antigen contacts through vaccination and/or infection), and three antigen contacts by education and income. Results: Low-education groups had 1.35-times (95% CI 1.01–1.82) the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to high-education groups. COVID-19 vaccination (at least one dose) and basic immunization decreased with lower education and income. Low-education and low-income groups were less likely to have had at least three antigen contacts (PR low vs. high education: 0.74, 95% CI 0.65–0.84; PR low vs. high income: 0.66, 95% CI 0.57–0.77). Conclusion: The results suggest a lower level of protection against severe COVID-19 for individuals from low and medium socioeconomic groups. Pandemic response and vaccination campaigns should address the specific needs and barriers of these groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Goßner, Laura ;
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