Auswirkungen der Covid-19-Pandemie auf Wirtschaft und Arbeitsmarkt in Deutschland
Wirtschaft und Arbeitsmarkt stehen seit der Ausbreitung des Coronavirus vor großen Herausforderungen. Zur Unterstützung von Beschäftigten und Unternehmen hatte der Bundestag im Eilverfahren u.a. einen leichteren Zugang zum Kurzarbeitergeld beschlossen. Dieses Themendossier stellt Einschätzungen aus Forschung und Politik zu den Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf den Arbeitsmarkt, die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung und notwendige Maßnahmen in Deutschland zusammen.
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Auswirkungen auf Wirtschaft, Arbeitsmarkt und Soziales in Deutschland
- Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung und Maßnahmen
- Exit-Strategien zur Beendigung des Lockdowns
- Kurzarbeit - Regelungen und Inanspruchnahme während der Pandemie
- Homeoffice/mobiles Arbeiten
- Auswirkungen auf Betriebe
- Beschäftigung, Arbeitslosigkeit und Grundsicherung nach SGB II
- Einkommenseffekte
- Einzelne Berufe und Branchen
- Berufsausbildung/Lehrstellenmarkt
- Zukunftsszenarien: Wird die Wirtschaft nach Corona nachhaltiger?
- Soziale und gesundheitliche Aspekte
- Weiterbildung
- Konjunkturpaket zur Förderung der Wirtschaft
- Personengruppen
- Regionale Aspekte
- Internationale Arbeitsmärkte / Auswirkungen der Globalisierung
- Bundesländer
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on gender labor market asymmetries in Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Baas, Timo (2025): The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on gender labor market asymmetries in Germany. In: The journal of economic asymmetries, Jg. 31. DOI:10.1016/j.jeca.2024.e00396
Abstract
"The Corona pandemic affected life and working conditions around the world. Some could work from home, some had to risk their lives at the workplace, and some got laid off. The selection of employees to one of these groups, however, was asymmetric about gender. More than 63 percent of employees providing services in Germany are female; females in health professions account for more than 75 percent, and in social professions, including daycare, the share of female employees is at 84 percent. These occupations were in high demand during the pandemic and cannot be practiced at home. Since women do more than 62 percent of housework and childcare, the high demand for female work creates a dilemma. While family obligations increased as childcare facilities and schools closed, women had to decide whether to remain or drop out of the labor market. In this paper’s estimated DSGE model, these choices are addressed by allowing for asymmetries in participation decisions and disutility of effort for male and female workers. While at the beginning of the pandemic, female employment increased relative to male, an increase in disutility drove females out of the labor market during the second lockdown. Instead, predominantly males entered, and females reacted to this increase by staying absent. This pattern resembles previous findings on historical pandemics and, in the literature, is called “the added worker effect.”" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
To the Fifties and Back Again? A Comparative Analysis of Changes in Breadwinning Arrangements during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Four European Countries (2025)
Zitatform
Dotti Sani, Giulia M., Ariane Bertogg, Janna Besamusca, Mara A. Yerkes & Anna Zamberlan (2025): To the Fifties and Back Again? A Comparative Analysis of Changes in Breadwinning Arrangements during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Four European Countries. In: Work, Employment and Society. DOI:10.1177/09500170251322684
Abstract
"Over the past decades, opposite-sex couples have moved away from the traditional ‘male breadwinner model’ towards a more egalitarian division of paid work. However, lockdown measures and the closures of schools and childcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic may have challenged egalitarian divisions of paid work, pushing couples into traditional breadwinning arrangements. This study investigates whether opposite-sex couples experienced short- and medium-term relapses into traditional breadwinning arrangements during the COVID-19 pandemic. Logistic regressions models, applied to harmonized data from four country-specific representative longitudinal studies fielded during the pandemic (Varhaiskasvatus (Finland), pairfam (Germany), LISS (the Netherlands), and the UKHLS (the UK)), are used to estimate the probability of shifting into traditional breadwinning arrangements among opposite-sex co-resident partners from different social strata. Results indicate a moderate re-traditionalization of breadwinning arrangements during the COVID-19 pandemic that did not appear to deepen pre-existing social inequalities in couples’ division ofpaid work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gendered Stereotypes on Working From Home (WFH) before and after the Pandemic: A Literature Review (2025)
Zitatform
Graml, Regine & Veronika Kneip (2025): Gendered Stereotypes on Working From Home (WFH) before and after the Pandemic. A Literature Review. In: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Jg. 51, H. 1, S. 23-42. DOI:10.26034/cm.sjs.2025.6151
Abstract
"Working from home (WFH), das Arbeiten im Homeoffice hat durch die Covid-19 bedingten Lockdown-Phasen hohe Aufmerksamkeit erhalten. Fragen nach den Auswirkungen von WFH auf die Karriere von Mitarbeitenden sowie nach möglichen Effekten für Frauen wurden bislang nicht ausreichend untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der systematischen Literatur-Analyse zeigen, dass bei WFH die Karriereperspektiven von unterschiedlichen Stereotypen und Stigmata innerhalb des Arbeitsumfelds abhängen, von denen insbesondere Frauen betroffen sind. Aufbauend auf den Ergebnissen wird ein Phasenmodell des strukturellen und kulturellen Wandels für Organisationen mit Implikationen für die Karriere von Frauen entwickelt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Estimating the Effect of Working from Home on Parent's Division of Childcare and Housework: A New Panel IV Approach (2025)
Zitatform
Schüller, Simone (2025): Estimating the Effect of Working from Home on Parent's Division of Childcare and Housework: A New Panel IV Approach. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17694), Bonn, 24 S.
Abstract
"This study investigates whether (and how) working from home (WFH) affects the gender division of parental unpaid labor. I use the recent COVID-19 pandemic that brought an unanticipated yet lasting shift to WFH combined with a measure of occupational WFH feasibility (Alipour et al. 2023) as a quasi-experiment to employ an instrumental variable (IV) approach and estimate causal effects. I use unique longitudinal data from the "Growing up in Germany" ( AID:A) panel study, which administered a prepandemic wave in 2019, and a post-pandemic wave in 2023. AID:A contains rich information on mothers' and fathers' time use for work, commuting, childcare, and housework. I find that the most robust effects emerge for paternal WFH intensity (at least weekly WFH) on parental division of housework: families in which fathers start weekly WFH in the period 2019 to 2023—due to their occupational WFH capacity in combination with the pandemic WFH-boost—experience a significant decrease in the maternal share of parental housework. Interestingly, this shift appears to be mainly driven by a reduction of maternal time use for housework (combined with an increase of her work hours) and less by an increase in paternal time use for housework suggesting crossparent effects of WFH." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Working from Home and Parental Childcare Division: Evidence from Two Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic (2024)
Zitatform
Boll, Christina, Dana Müller, Christopher Osiander & Simone Schüller (2024): Working from Home and Parental Childcare Division: Evidence from Two Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic. In: Social Politics, S. 1-27. DOI:10.1093/sp/jxae031
Abstract
"We investigate the dynamics of gendered parental childcare division across the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic up until spring 2022. We employ unique data from a German (bi)monthly survey based on a random sample from administrative data (IAB-HOPP) and find dynamics toward a more equal division. Up to April 2021, drivers are couples with already care-involved fathers, while later on, couples with a strongly traditional division drive these changes. The latter shift emerges in parental constellations where fathers unilaterally gain working-from-home possibilities. Our results give moderate support for optimism but also point to an ambiguous role of working from home." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Oxford University Press) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Elternzeiten während der Covid-19-Pandemie in Deutschland: Frauen, die in der Pandemie Mutter wurden, unterbrechen ihre Erwerbstätigkeit länger (2024)
Zitatform
Bächmann, Ann-Christin, Corinna Frodermann & Katharina Wrohlich (2024): Elternzeiten während der Covid-19-Pandemie in Deutschland: Frauen, die in der Pandemie Mutter wurden, unterbrechen ihre Erwerbstätigkeit länger. (IAB-Kurzbericht 17/2024), Nürnberg, 8 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2417
Abstract
"Die Geburt eines Kindes und die damit einhergehende Erwerbsunterbrechung haben für Mütter erhebliche Folgen für ihre weitere Karriere. Insbesondere die Dauer der Unterbrechung spielt hierfür eine wichtige Rolle. Infolge der Covid-19-Pandemie gab es weitreichende Umbrüche auf dem Arbeitsmarkt, etwa einen drastischen Anstieg der Kurzarbeit sowie zentrale Einschnitte in der außerhäuslichen Kinderbetreuung. Vor diesem Hintergrund haben die Autorinnen analysiert, ob sich familienbedingte Erwerbsunterbrechungen von Müttern während der Pandemie verlängert haben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Nach Dienstschluss erreichbar und digital sichtbar: Wie Männer und Frauen im Homeoffice arbeiten (2024)
Zitatform
Dummert, Sandra, Anja-Kristin Abendroth-Sohl, Lena Hipp & Yvonne Lott (2024): Nach Dienstschluss erreichbar und digital sichtbar: Wie Männer und Frauen im Homeoffice arbeiten. In: IAB-Forum H. 28.05.2024, 2024-05-17. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20240528.01
Abstract
"Die Arbeit im Homeoffice und die Nutzung digitaler Technologien hat seit der Covid-19-Pandemie deutlich zugenommen. Diese veränderten Arbeitsbedingungen bedeuten auch Änderungen in der Arbeitsweise der Beschäftigten. Dabei zeigen sich verschiedene Facetten des digitalen Präsenzverhaltens, die bei Frauen und Männern, aber auch in Abhängigkeit vom Homeoffice-Anteil unterschiedlich verbreitet sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Data product DOI: 10.5164/IAB.HOPP_W01-W09.de.en.v1 -
Literaturhinweis
Were Parents Synchronizing Their Home-Based Working Arrangements During the COVID-19 Pandemic? (2024)
Zitatform
Heydari Barardehi, Ilyar & Anna Kurowska (2024): Were Parents Synchronizing Their Home-Based Working Arrangements During the COVID-19 Pandemic? In: Social indicators research, Jg. 173, H. 3, S. 569-588. DOI:10.1007/s11205-024-03360-5
Abstract
"Little research has been done on parents’ coordination of their work Arrangements during the COVID-19 pandemic. Synchronized work arrangements (e.g., both parents work from home) could enable working parents to maximize their togetherness, whereas desynchronized working arrangements could enable them to address some pandemic-induced challenges, such as an increased need for child care and distance education. We draw upon the Familydemic Harmonized Dataset a cross-county study offering data on work and family outcomes collected in Canada, Germany, Italy, Poland, Sweden, and the US. Using a sample of dual-earner heterosexual parents, this study examines whether working parents harmonized their transitions between home-based work and the workplace during the COVID-19 pandemic and explores factors that potentially contributed to this coordination process. The findings reveal that working couples’ transitions to home-based work from the workplace were synchronized. Parents with similar educational attainment were more likely to experience such coordination than couples with different levels of education. Cohabiting couples in married/registered unions were more likely to transition to home-based work simultaneously than non-registered cohabiting couples. The duration of synchronized home-based work episodes decreased with the number of children, and the length of synchronized workplace attendance increased with the age of the children." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Lessons from the pandemic: Gender inequality in childcare and the emergence of a gender mental health gap among parents in Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Hiekel, Nicole & Mine Kühn (2024): Lessons from the pandemic: Gender inequality in childcare and the emergence of a gender mental health gap among parents in Germany. In: Demographic Research, Jg. 51, S. 49-80. DOI:10.4054/demres.2024.51.3
Abstract
"Background: The gender gap in mental health that emerged in Germany during the pandemic grew disproportionally among partnered parents. The question arises as to why mothers – compared to fathers – experienced greater declines in mental health when guiding their families through the pandemic. Objective: This study investigates how changes in childcare arrangements affected parental mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Methods: The German Family Panel is based on a random probability sample from which we selected n = 803 partnered mothers and fathers interviewed before (2018–2019) and after (2020) the onset of the pandemic. We ran change score regression models to examine (1) whether changes in gender inequality in childcare arrangements predict within-changes in mental health among mothers and fathers, and (2) whether gender role attitudes moderate this association. Results: Systematic mental health differences can be pinpointed at the intersection of gender inequality in childcare and gender role attitudes. Women in stable female childcare arrangements in which the mother did relatively more childcare and women who transitioned from non-female to female childcare arrangements experienced the largest mental health declines. This association was particularly salient among women with egalitarian attitudes. Men in these childcare arrangements either experienced no change or even improvement in certain mental health dimensions. By contrast, sharing childcare was mentally beneficial for both mothers and fathers in this global health crisis. Conclusions: Gender inequality in childcare is a risk factor for women’s health, particularly during times of shifting patterns in employment and childcare arrangements. Contribution: Taking lessons from the pandemic, policymakers should acknowledge the disproportionate burden that mothers carry when institutional childcare and schooling are unreliable. Accordingly, the unfolding childcare crises in Germany and beyond need to be tackled from a gender-sensitive perspective." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Max-Planck-Institut für demographische Forschung) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Paarbeziehung und Familie: Eine vernachlässigte Schnittstelle bei der (beruflichen) Re-/Integration von an Long/Post-COVID-Erkrankten (2024)
Zitatform
Jahn, Franziska, Christine Wimbauer & Mona Motakef (2024): Paarbeziehung und Familie. Eine vernachlässigte Schnittstelle bei der (beruflichen) Re-/Integration von an Long/Post-COVID-Erkrankten. In: Sozialer Fortschritt, Jg. 73, H. 8-9, S. 689-705., 2024-03-19. DOI:10.3790/sfo.2024.1445009
Abstract
"Ausgehend von der Erkrankung Long COVID/Post-COVID-Syndrom (LC/ PCS) plädieren wir für eine stärkere Berücksichtigung von familialen Nahbeziehungen bei der beruflichen Reintegrationsforschung und dafür, in die „Black Box“ Familie hineinzuschauen. Familien bzw. Frauen übernehmen zunehmend Aufgaben, die vormals in familial-geprägten sozialen Sicherungssystemen zu finden waren. Wir stellen konzeptionelle Überlegungen vor, wie berufliche Rekonvaleszenz mehrdimensional und subjektorientiert erforscht werden kann. Dabei rücken wir explizit Geschlechterverhältnisse ins Zentrum. Wir thematisieren doppelte Sorgelücken, die angesichts der geschlechterungleichen Aufteilung von Sorgearbeit und dem gleichzeitig höheren Risiko von Frauen, an LC/ PCS zu erkranken, entstehen können, sowie Probleme, die sich betrieblich und im Bereich der sozialen Sicherung ergeben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Jahn, Franziska; -
Literaturhinweis
Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden von Familien während und nach Corona: Was wir für die Zukunft lernen können (2024)
Zitatform
Ludwig-Walz, Helena, Mathias Huebener, C. Katharina Spieß & Martin Bujard (2024): Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden von Familien während und nach Corona. Was wir für die Zukunft lernen können. In: BIB.aktuell H. 5, S. 4-8.
Abstract
"Es ist weithin bekannt, dass Familien während der COVID-19-Pandemie erheblich belastet wurden, insbesondere durch Maßnahmen wie die Schließung von Kindertageseinrichtungen und Schulen. Die vielfältigen Auswirkungen dieser Schließungen werden derzeit sowohl wissenschaftlich als auch politisch aufgearbeitet. Im Fokus dieses Beitrags stehen empirische Untersuchungen zu den Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden von Kindern, Jugendlichen und Eltern. Die Ergebnisse zeigen auf, dass die Maßnahmen im Bildungs- und Betreuungsbereich bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zu einer Zunahme von Angstsymptomen und Depressionen führten, die körperliche Aktivität und Fitness nachhaltig beeinträchtigten und die Zufriedenheit sowie das Wohlbefinden, insbesondere von Müttern, stark einschränkten. Auch nach der (teilweisen) Aufhebung der Maßnahmen im Jahr 2022 haben sich die Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden nur teilweise erholt." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Women’s stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany and the Netherlands: a longitudinal perspective on the role of part-time employment and parenthood for different educational groups (2024)
Zitatform
Piolatto, Matteo, Ariane Bertogg, Mara Yerkes & Susanne Strauss (2024): Women’s stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany and the Netherlands: a longitudinal perspective on the role of part-time employment and parenthood for different educational groups. In: Community, work & family, S. 1-25. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2024.2443614
Abstract
"This study longitudinally investigates women's levels of perceived stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany and the Netherlands, in relation to work- and family stressors. It further examines the moderating role of education as a protective factor against stress. Our country cases represent similar pre-pandemic gender regimes that extensively relied on women's part-time work but exhibited variation in pandemic governance. Drawing on longitudinal data from population-based samples, we estimate random effects panel models across three time points (pre-pandemic, during or shortly after first lockdown, later stage of the pandemic). For the Netherlands, we find that women initially experienced an increase in stress but later recovered. In Germany, stress initially decreased, but only for women without children. Multivariate models show that working fewer hours protected women against stress in Germany, particularly those with higher education. In the Netherlands, no such moderation effects were found. Instead, in the Netherlands, differences between educational groups were larger than differences between women with varying working hours. These results are discussed in light of country differences in pandemic governance." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Teleworking and life satisfaction during COVID-19: the importance of family structure (2024)
Zitatform
Senik, Claudia, Andrew E. Clark, Conchita D'Ambrosio, Anthony Lepinteur & Carsten Schröder (2024): Teleworking and life satisfaction during COVID-19: the importance of family structure. In: Journal of Population Economics, Jg. 37. DOI:10.1007/s00148-024-00979-z
Abstract
"We carry out a difference-in-differences analysis of a real-time survey conducted as part of the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) survey and show that teleworking had a negative average effect on life satisfaction over the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. This average effect hides considerable heterogeneity, reflecting gender-role asymmetries: lower life satisfaction is found only for unmarried men and for women with school-age children. The negative effect for women with school-age children disappears in 2021, suggesting adaptation to new constraints and/or the adoption of coping strategies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
When the Burden Lifts: The Effect of School and Day Care Reopenings on Parents' Life Satisfaction (2024)
Zitatform
Tobler, Lina, Bernhard Christoph, Lukas Fervers & Marita Jacob (2024): When the Burden Lifts: The Effect of School and Day Care Reopenings on Parents' Life Satisfaction. In: Journal of happiness studies, Jg. 26, 2024-09-15. DOI:10.1007/s10902-024-00819-7
Abstract
"The availability of childcare services eases parents’ daily lives and research has shown that it positively affects well-being, especially for mothers. However, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted established childcare arrangements, with school and day care closures adding to parental burdens. Despite extensive discourse on the influence of these closures on parental well-being, few studies have empirically analysed the effects of the increase in childcare responsibilities associated with the closures on the well-being of parents. We seek to address this gap by examining the impact of school and day care reopenings on parental well-being. We expect that parents’ life satisfaction will increase when schools and day care facilities are reopened —and that this effect is particularly strong for mothers. Leveraging the variation in the time of reopenings across Germany’s federal states, we employ a difference-in-differences and a difference-in-difference-in-differences approach to assess changes in well-being. The research design accounts for state-level differences and potential confounding factors related to the pandemic. By using data from the German IAB-HOPP study, which offers timely measures of life satisfaction, we aim to quantify the effects of reopenings on parental well-being. Results show only a small and marginally positive effect of reopenings on average life satisfaction among parents. However, this is due to a strong and significant effect of reopenings on mothers’ life satisfaction and no significanteffect for fathers. Our findings contribute to research on the division of unpaid labour and childcare and support the notion that public childcare provision is crucial, particularly for mothers’ life satisfaction." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Parental stress and working situation during the COVID-19 shutdown – Effects on children’s skill development (2024)
Zitatform
Vogelbacher, Markus & Thorsten Schneider (2024): Parental stress and working situation during the COVID-19 shutdown – Effects on children’s skill development. In: Advances in life course research, Jg. 60. DOI:10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100609
Abstract
"Objective: This study examines whether parental emotional distress during the first pandemic-related school shutdown in 2020 in Germany affected the development of primary school students’ mathematical skills and investigates changes in parents’ working conditions as triggers of cascading stress processes. Background: The Family Stress Model (FSM) explains the mechanisms that mediate between families’ structural conditions and children's developmental outcomes. Foundational works for this approach focus on historic events that instigate rapid structural changes which, in turn, undermine families' economic situation. The economic losses trigger stress processes. Research on the COVID-19 pandemic reports heightened levels of parental stress and negative impacts on children's cognitive and socioemotional development. This study examines the role of parental emotional distress during the COVID-19 shutdown on children's cognitive development. Expanding on the classical FSM, we hypothesize that changes in parents' working situation, rather than economic changes, may have triggered family stress processes during the shutdown, as federal support largely cushioned economic cutbacks in Germany. Method: For the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), interviews were conducted with parents, and primary school students in Starting Cohort 1 were tested after the first shutdown in 2020. The database provides rich information from survey waves prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing a longitudinal analysis of a sample of 1512 primary school students with ordinary least squares regression. Results: Parents’ emotional distress during the pandemic had a robust negative effect on students’ mathematical skills, even when controlling for prior parenting stress. Changes in parents’ working conditions also had an effect on children’s test scores, and the negative effect of working from home on the test scores was mediated by parents’ emotional distress. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic was a historic event which, at least in Germany, challenged the mental health of many parents and, in turn, impaired the skill development of primary school students. We introduce the role of changes in working conditions as triggers of such processes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Crisis-proof households? How social policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic imagined work and care in Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Zagel, Hannah & Emanuela Struffolino (2024): Crisis-proof households? How social policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic imagined work and care in Germany. In: Journal of Social Policy, S. 1-22. DOI:10.1017/s0047279424000278
Abstract
"Social policies convey normative assumptions about how households should make ends meet and organize care, but how do these ideals withstand crises such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic? Previous research shows continuity of welfare state models in the crisis, but mostly looked at single policy fields and produced mixed findings regarding the role of pre-crisis reform trajectories. This paper contributes a detailed analysis of assumptions about the ‘standard productive household’ in terms of three dimensions: labor market participation, coverage of economic needs and coverage of care needs. Drawing on original policy documents enacted in 2020 in Germany – whichhad dismantled many of its institutional strongholds for the male-breadwinner model before the crisis – we provide two novel insights. First,social policy responses to the pandemic were relatively coherent regarding assumptions about labor market participation, but expectations towards households’ abilities to make ends meet and parents’ care involvement were less coherent. In addition to relaxing conditions on stable employment and income, policy responses normalised patchwork incomes and relied on parents to compress paid and unpaid work. Second, we propose that crises may slow down reform processes that are already underway by reverting to ideas that were dominant in the past." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Neither backlash nor convergence: dynamics of intra-couple childcare division during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany (2023)
Zitatform
Boll, Christina, Dana Müller & Simone Schüller (2023): Neither backlash nor convergence: dynamics of intra-couple childcare division during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 57, 2023-08-18. DOI:10.1186/s12651-023-00353-8
Abstract
"Using unique (bi)monthly panel data (IAB-HOPP) covering the immediate postlockdown period from June to August 2020, as well as the subsequent period up until the second lockdown in January/February 2021, we investigate opposing claims of widening/closing the gender gap in parental childcare during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany. We consider prepandemic division as a reference point and provide dynamics rather than snapshots. Our results suggest a slight initial shift toward a more egalitarian division that, however, faded out in subsequent months. Starting from a fairly “traditional” prepandemic childcare division, the lockdown stimulus was not nearly strong enough to level the playing field. Subgroup analysis differentiating between individual lockdown-specific work arrangements shows that the drivers of the observed shift were mothers with relatively intense labor market participation who cannot work from home. Fathers’ work arrangement instead did not play a significant role. We conclude that the shift emerged out of necessity rather than opportunity, which makes it likely to fade once the necessity vanishes. Further, a shift is observed only if fathers were to some extent involved in childcare prepandemic, which points to the crucial role of initial conditions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
- frühere (möglicherweise abweichende) Version erschienen u.d.T. "Neither Backlash nor Convergence: Dynamics of Intracouple Childcare Division after the First Covid-19 Lockdown and Subsequent Reopening in Germany" als: IAB-Discussion Paper, 12/2021
- frühere (möglicherweise abweichende) Version erschienen u.d.T. "Neither backlash nor convergence: Dynamics of intra-couple childcare division after the first COVID-19 lockdown and subsequent reopening in Germany" in: Covid economics, (2021), 81, 19-49
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Literaturhinweis
Caregiving and Being Employed — What Changed for Women and Men in the Covid-19 Pandemic? (2023)
Zitatform
Ehrlich, Ulrike, Nadiya Kelle & Mareike Bünning (2023): Caregiving and Being Employed — What Changed for Women and Men in the Covid-19 Pandemic? In: J. Simonson, J. Wünsche & C. Tesch-Römer (Hrsg.) (2023): Ageing in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic, S. 145-163. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-40487-1_8
Abstract
"This chapter examines the situation of working-age carer-givers during the Covid-19 pandemic. The following questions are examined: Did the share of employed and non-employed people involved in unpaid care change during the Covid-19 pandemic? How did care-givers’ involvement in paid work develop during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic? How high was the share of employed care-givers who made use of statutory leave options? And how did the care-giver burden of employed and non-employed care-givers develop during the pandemic? While answering these questions, gender differences are also considered." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Volltext des Sammelwerks (Open Access) -
Literaturhinweis
Household-level Prevalence and Poverty Penalties of Working in Non-teleworkable and Non-essential Occupations: Evidence from East and West Germany in 2019 (2023)
Zitatform
Fasang, Anette Eva, Emanuela Struffolino & Hannah Zagel (2023): Household-level Prevalence and Poverty Penalties of Working in Non-teleworkable and Non-essential Occupations: Evidence from East and West Germany in 2019. In: Zeitschrift für Sozialreform, Jg. 69, H. 2, S. 85-117. DOI:10.1515/zsr-2022-0107
Abstract
"In Haushalten werden Risiken gepoolt und umverteilt. Das heißt, inwiefern Krisen wie die Covid-19 Pandemie oder steigende Inflation im Haushalt abgefedert werden können, wird unter anderem durch die Anzahl der Erwerbstätigen im Haushalt und deren Berufe bestimmt. Für Ost- und Westdeutschland lassen sich aufgrund der weiterhin bestehenden Differenzen in der Berufsstruktur und der soziodemographischen Zusammensetzung von Haushalten Unterschiede in dieser Kapazität von Haushalten erwarten. Vor dem Hintergrund steigender Erwerbsarmut in den letzten Jahren erweitern wir den ‚prevalence and penalties‘ Ansatz (Brady et al. 2017) aus der internationalen Armutsforschung um zwei berufsspezifische Risiken, die in Post-Covid-19 Arbeitsmärkten an Relevanz gewannen. Wir fragen: 1) Wie verbreitet waren Haushaltskonstellationen, in denen die einzige oder beide erwerbstätige Personen in Haushalt in einem nicht-telearbeitsfähigen und nicht-systemrelevanten Beruf gearbeitet haben in Ost- und Westdeutschland 2019? 2) Inwiefern unterschieden sich die Armutsrisiken dieser Haushaltskonstellationen in Ost- und Westdeutschland 2019? Für die Analyse kombinieren wir die aktuellste Welle des Mikrozensus (2019, N=179,755 Haushalte) mit einem neu erhobenen Datensatz zur Telearbeitsfähigkeit von Berufen und der Klassifikation von Systemrelevanz aus Länderdekreten, die im Zuge der Covid-19 Pandemie im Frühjahr 2020 verabschiedet wurden. Anhand deskriptiver Analysen und Regressionsmodellen zeigen wir, dass die Verbreitung (prevalence) von Haushaltskonstellationen, in denen die einzige oder beide erwerbstätige Personen in Haushalt in einem nicht-telearbeitsfähigen und nicht-systemrelevanten Beruf gearbeitet haben, in Ost- und Westdeutschland relativ ähnlich war. Allerdings zeigt sich auch, dass das Armutsrisiko dieser Haushaltskonstellationen in Ostdeutschland stark erhöht war. Unter Kontrolle bekannter beruflicher Nachteile wie niedrige Bildung, befristeter Arbeitsvertrag, Schichtarbeit und geringe Führungsverantwortung verringern sich die festgestellten Unterschiede zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland zwar leicht, bleiben aber deutlich sichtbar." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Kids back to school - parents back to work? School and daycare opening and parents’ employment in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (2023)
Zitatform
Fervers, Lukas, Lina Tobler, Veronika Knize, Bernhard Christoph & Marita Jacob (2023): Kids back to school - parents back to work? School and daycare opening and parents’ employment in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 33, H. 3, S. 373-387., 2023-01-19. DOI:10.1177/09589287231176775
Abstract
"Around the globe, the coronavirus pandemic has triggered various reactions of governments designed to contain the pandemic. Among other things, the pandemic led to an unforeseen and unprecedented closure of schools and daycare facilities. In turn, these closures might have forced parents to stay at home to care for their children who could not attend schools or kindergartens. From a social policy perspective, this raises the question of the extent to which parents’ employment has been affected, as time spent on childcare might make parents reduce their working hours. To answer this question, we exploit within-country variations in school and childcare policies across the federal states of Germany to analyse their effect on parents’ working time. In specific, we compare the working time of parents who live in different federal states with different restrictions regarding childcare in a difference-in-differences and difference-in-difference-in-differences framework. Our results reveal a non-negligible positive effect of an earlier and more far-reaching reopening of schools and daycare facilities on parents’ employment. Our results indicate that prolonged closure goes along with negative employment effects for parents. Hence, containment and closure policies to prevent the spread of COVID-19 have substantial economic and social side effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © SAGE) ((en))
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Auswirkungen auf Wirtschaft, Arbeitsmarkt und Soziales in Deutschland
- Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung und Maßnahmen
- Exit-Strategien zur Beendigung des Lockdowns
- Kurzarbeit - Regelungen und Inanspruchnahme während der Pandemie
- Homeoffice/mobiles Arbeiten
- Auswirkungen auf Betriebe
- Beschäftigung, Arbeitslosigkeit und Grundsicherung nach SGB II
- Einkommenseffekte
- Einzelne Berufe und Branchen
- Berufsausbildung/Lehrstellenmarkt
- Zukunftsszenarien: Wird die Wirtschaft nach Corona nachhaltiger?
- Soziale und gesundheitliche Aspekte
- Weiterbildung
- Konjunkturpaket zur Förderung der Wirtschaft
- Personengruppen
- Regionale Aspekte
- Internationale Arbeitsmärkte / Auswirkungen der Globalisierung
- Bundesländer