Digitale Arbeitswelt – Chancen und Herausforderungen für Beschäftigte und Arbeitsmarkt
Der digitale Wandel der Arbeitswelt gilt als eine der großen Herausforderungen für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Wie arbeiten wir in Zukunft? Welche Auswirkungen hat die Digitalisierung und die Nutzung Künstlicher Intelligenz auf Beschäftigung und Arbeitsmarkt? Welche Qualifikationen werden künftig benötigt? Wie verändern sich Tätigkeiten und Berufe? Welche arbeits- und sozialrechtlichen Konsequenzen ergeben sich daraus?
Diese Infoplattform dokumentiert Forschungsergebnisse zum Thema in den verschiedenen Wirtschaftsbereichen und Regionen.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
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Literaturhinweis
Are they coming for us? Industrial robots and the mental health of workers (2024)
Zitatform
Abeliansky, Ana Lucia, Matthias Beulmann & Klaus Prettner (2024): Are they coming for us? Industrial robots and the mental health of workers. In: Research Policy, Jg. 53, H. 3. DOI:10.1016/j.respol.2024.104956
Abstract
"How does the increasing use of robots affect the mental health of workers? To investigate this question, we combine individual mental health data from the German Socioeconomic Panel with data on the stock of robots in 14 manufacturing sectors provided by the International Federation of Robotics for the period 2002–2018. Using mediation analysis andan instrumental variable approach, we find that higher robot intensity is associated with deteriorating mental health, an effect that is mainly driven by worries about job security and a lower sense of achievement on the job. A heterogeneity analysis reveals that higher robot intensity has particularly severe negative effects on the mental health of workers close to retirement, in low-skilled occupations and performing routine jobs. Women and men are affected similarly, as are workers of all educational levels. Our results indicate the presence of hidden (health) costs of automation that policymakers need to address." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Organisational inhibition and promotion of flexible working in digitalised work environments (2024)
Zitatform
Abendroth, Anja-Kristin & Mareike Reimann (2024): Organisational inhibition and promotion of flexible working in digitalised work environments. In: New Technology, Work and Employment, Jg. 39, H. 1, S. 39-62. DOI:10.1111/ntwe.12275
Abstract
"Work-related use of digital information and communication technology (ICT) is not restricted to specific working sites and times. For employees, this can involve opportunities for flexible working, that is, having control over when and where to work. Applying an organisational comparative perspective, we examined whether adherence to the ideal worker norm inhibits and adherence to family-friendliness promotes flexible working as a consequence of ICT use. Linked employer–employee survey data from large German work organisations revealed that employees worked more flexibly in time and place due to work-related ICT use when supervisory work-life support was common. Mixed evidence is provided for the prevalence of ideal worker norm expectations. We conclude that work-life support in the organisation is a required complementary practice of flexible working for employees, promoting its dissemination." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Automation and Rent Dissipation: Implications for Wages, Inequality, and Productivity (2024)
Acemoglu, Daron; Restrepo, Pascual;Zitatform
Acemoglu, Daron & Pascual Restrepo (2024): Automation and Rent Dissipation: Implications for Wages, Inequality, and Productivity. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 32536), Cambridge, Mass, 79 S. DOI:10.3386/w32536
Abstract
"This paper studies the effects of automation in economies with labor market distortions that generate worker rents—wages above opportunity cost—in some jobs. We show that automation targets high-rent tasks, dissipating rents and amplifying wage losses from automation. It also reduces within-group wage dispersion for exposed groups. Automation-driven rent dissipation is inefficient and reduces (and could even negate) the productivity gains from automation. Using data for the US from 1980 to 2016, we find evidence of sizable rent dissipation and reduced within-group wage dispersion due to automation. Using these estimates and accounting for equilibrium effects, we estimate that automation accounts for 52% of the increase in between-group inequality in the US since 1980, with rent dissipation being responsible for a fifth of this contribution. We also estimate that inefficient rent dissipation offset 60–90% of the productivity gains from automation since 1980." (Author'sabstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Learning from Ricardo and Thompson: Machinery and Labor in the Early Industrial Revolution, and in the Age of AI (2024)
Acemoglu, Daron; Johnson, Simon;Zitatform
Acemoglu, Daron & Simon Johnson (2024): Learning from Ricardo and Thompson: Machinery and Labor in the Early Industrial Revolution, and in the Age of AI. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 32416), Cambridge, Mass, 45 S. DOI:10.3386/w32416
Abstract
"David Ricardo initially believed machinery would help workers but revised his opinion, likely based on the impact of automation in the textile industry. Despite cotton textiles becoming one of the largest sectors in the British economy, real wages for cotton weavers did not rise for decades. As E.P. Thompson emphasized, automation forced workers into unhealthy factories with close surveillance and little autonomy. Automation can increase wages, but only when accompanied by new tasks that raise the marginal productivity of labor and/or when there is sufficient additional hiring in complementary sectors. Wages are unlikely to rise when workers cannot push for their share of productivity growth. Today, artificial intelligence may boost average productivity, but it also may replace many workers while degrading job quality for those who remain employed. As in Ricardo's time, the impact of automation on workers today is more complex than an automatic linkage from higher productivity to better wages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Routine and non-routine sectors, tasks automation and wage polarization (2024)
Zitatform
Afonso, Óscar & Rosa Forte (2024): Routine and non-routine sectors, tasks automation and wage polarization. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 56, H. 55, S. 7262-7285. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2023.2280461
Abstract
"Recent and detailed data point to a polarization of wages with regard to the distribution of skills, particularly in developed countries over the past three decades, requiring the literature to address modelling approaches focused on automating different types of tasks. In the DTC literature, the technological-knowledge bias leads to an increase in the wage of skilled workers relative to unskilled workers. Motivated by this literature, this paper considers three types of workers (skilled, medium-skilled and unskilled) but retain the economic mechanisms that produce the results. Thus, wage inequality continues to result from the technological-knowledge bias, which, in the face of automation dynamics, reveals that medium-skilled workers are the relatively most penalized, generating wage polarization. Furthermore, as in the directed technical change literature, the relative supply of skilled workers continues to affect the skill premium." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A Relational Work Perspective on the Gig Economy: Doing Creative Work on Digital Labour Platforms (2024)
Zitatform
Alacovska, Ana, Eliane Bucher & Christian Fieseler (2024): A Relational Work Perspective on the Gig Economy: Doing Creative Work on Digital Labour Platforms. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 38, H. 1, S. 161-179. DOI:10.1177/09500170221103146
Abstract
"Based on interviews with 49 visual artists, graphic designers and illustrators working on two leading global digital labour platforms, this article examines how creative workers perform relational work as a means of attenuating labour commodification, precarity, and algorithmic normativity. The article argues that creative work on online labour platforms, rather than being entirely controlled by depersonalised, anonymised and algorithm-driven labour market forces, is also infused in relational infrastructures whose upkeep, solidity and durability depends on the emotional efforts undertaken by workers to match economic transactions and their media of exchange to meaningful client relations. By applying a relational work perspective from economic sociology to the study of platform-mediated gig work, the article elucidates the micro-foundations of creative work in the digital gig economy, including how labour inequalities are produced and reproduced within and around micro-level interpersonal interactions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of ICT and robots on labour market outcomes of demographic groups in Europe (2024)
Zitatform
Albinowski, Maciej & Piotr Lewandowski (2024): The impact of ICT and robots on labour market outcomes of demographic groups in Europe. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 87. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2023.102481
Abstract
"We study the age- and gender-specific labour market effects of two key modern technologies, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and robots. Our sample includes 14 European countries between 2010 and 2018. We use the variation in technology adoption between industries and apply the instrumental variables strategy proposed by Acemoglu and Restrepo (2020) to identify the causal effects of technology adoption. We find that exposure to ICT and robots increased the shares of young and prime-aged women in employment and in the wage bills of particular sectors. However, it reduced the shares of older women and prime-aged men. We do not detect significant effects of technology adoption on the relative wages of most demographic groups. Between 2010 and 2018, the growth in ICT capital played a larger role than robot adoption in the changes in the withinsector labor market outcomes of demographic groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, ©2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Digitale Teilhabe von Menschen mit einer geistigen Beeinträchtigung: Entwicklung einer Definition, eines Modells und eines Erhebungsinstruments (2024)
Albrecht, Joanna; Hüning, Nadine;Zitatform
Albrecht, Joanna & Nadine Hüning (2024): Digitale Teilhabe von Menschen mit einer geistigen Beeinträchtigung. Entwicklung einer Definition, eines Modells und eines Erhebungsinstruments. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, XXVIII, 526 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-44380-1
Abstract
"In diesem Open-Access-Buch wird die Entwicklung einer Definition, eines Modells und eines Erhebungsinstruments Digitaler Teilhabe von Menschen mit geistiger Beeinträchtigung beschrieben. Eine geistige Behinderung wird als Konstrukt verstanden, das durch die ganzheitliche Wechselwirkung zwischen personenbezogenen Faktoren, Gesundheitsproblemen sowie umweltbezogenen Barrieren entsteht. Für die Identifikation der Hilfebedarfe zur Realisierung von Teilhabe ist die ganzheitliche Betrachtung von heterogenen Ursachen, Formen und Ausprägungen unverzichtbar. Der Anspruch auf Teilhabe ist gesetzlich verankert, jedoch führt die digitale Transformation zu neuen gesellschaftlichen Ungleichheiten, die sich als Digital Divide manifestieren. Trotz geringer und heterogener Datenlage zu Ungleichheiten bei Menschen mit (geistiger) Beeinträchtigung sind bereits Hinweise auf eine Digital Disability Divide zu erkennen. Um dieses Forschungsdesiderat aufzuarbeiten, bedarf es eines einheitlichen Begriffsverständnisses Digitaler Teilhabe. Auch müssen Einflussfaktoren eruiert werden, um Ansätze zur Förderung Digitaler Teilhabe zu entwickeln und darauf aufbauend ein Erhebungsinstrument zu entwickeln. Entsprechend verfolgt diese Forschungsarbeit die Entwicklung einer Definition,eines Modells und Erhebungsinstruments Digitaler Teilhabe von Menschen mit geistiger Beeinträchtigung in der Eingliederungshilfe. Die Autorinnen Joanna Albrecht und Nadine Hüning haben an der Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften der Universität Bielefeld promoviert. ." (Verlagsangaben)
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Literaturhinweis
Die Zukunft der Arbeit (2024)
Allmendinger, Jutta; Meubrink, Yuca; Neugebauer, Moritz;Zitatform
(2024): Die Zukunft der Arbeit. (Stellungnahme / Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina Januar 2024), Halle, Saale ; Mainz, 124 S.
Abstract
"Unsere Arbeitswelt verändert sich stark. Digitalisierung und Automatisierung erlauben oft ortsungebundene Arbeit, die Abkehr von fossilen Brennstoffen zwingt uns zum Wirtschaften mit ökologisch nachhaltigen Energien und Technologien, demografischer Wandel und Einwanderung verändern unsere Gesellschaft grundlegend. Aus diesen Entwicklungen erwachsen Chancen und Risiken. Eine interdisziplinäre und interakademische Arbeitsgruppe widmet sich diesen in der Stellungnahme „Die Zukunft der Arbeit“. Die Arbeitsgruppe unter der Leitung von Frau Prof. Dr. h. c. Jutta Allmendinger, Ph.D. (Präsidentin des Wissenschaftszentrums Berlin für Sozialforschung, Mitglied der Leopoldina und der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften) schlägt vor, Erwerbsarbeit in ihrem Wechselspiel mit anderen Formen des Tätigseins zu betrachten, den Begriff der Arbeit weit zu fassen und unterschiedlichste Formen menschlicher Tätigkeit und deren Zusammenspiel in den Blick zu nehmen. Gesellschaftlicher Wohlstand, individuelles Wohlergehen und sozialer Zusammenhalt beruhen wesentlich auf Erwerbsarbeit. Gleichzeitig bedarf es zahlreicher anderer Tätigkeitsformen, um menschliche Bedürfnisse zu befriedigen, Fähigkeiten zu entwickeln und gesellschaftliche Arbeit zu leisten. Diese erweiterte Sicht auf Arbeit rückt menschliche Potenziale und ein neu auszubalancierendes Verhältnis zwischen sozialen, wirtschaftlichen und ökologischen Erfordernissen in den Mittelpunkt. Mit dem Begriff der „Tätigkeitsgesellschaft“ wird eine Perspektiverweiterung auf das Verständnis von Arbeit vorgeschlagen, bei der neben klassischer Erwerbstätigkeit auch all jene Beschäftigungen berücksichtigt werden, die einen konkreten gesellschaftlichen Nutzen erbringen, wie beispielsweise Sorgearbeit oder auch ehrenamtliche Arbeit. Diese ganz unterschiedlichen Formen von Arbeit sind eng miteinander verbunden und bedingen einander." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Mobile workers, contingent labour: Migration, the gig economy and the multiplication of labour (2024)
Zitatform
Altenried, Moritz (2024): Mobile workers, contingent labour: Migration, the gig economy and the multiplication of labour. In: Environment and planning. A, Economy and space, Jg. 56, H. 4, S. 1113-1128. DOI:10.1177/0308518X211054846
Abstract
"The article takes the surprising exit of the food delivery platform Deliveroo from Berlin as a starting point to analyse the relationship between migration and the gig economy. In Berlin and many cities across the globe, migrant workers are indispensable to the operations of digital platforms such as Uber, Helpling, or Deliveroo. The article uses in-depth ethnographic and qualitative research to show how the latter's exit from Berlin provides an almost exemplary picture of why urban gig economy platforms are strongholds of migrant labour, while at the same time, demonstrating the very contingency of this form of work. The article analyses the specific reasons why digital platforms are particularly open to migrants and argues that the very combination of new forms of algorithmic management and hyper-flexible forms of employment that is characteristic of gig economy platforms is also the reason why these platforms are geared perfectly toward the exploitation of migrant labour. This allows the analysis of digital platforms in the context of stratified labour markets and situates them within a long history of contingent labour that is closely intertwined with the mobility of labour." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2021 a Pion publication) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
KI für die Fachkräftesicherung nutzen: Lösungsansätze für Automatisierung, Teilhabe und Wissenstransfer (2024)
André, Elisabeth; Suchy, Oliver; Steil, Jochen; Bittner, Eva; Wilkens, Uta; Heister, Michael; Bullinger-Hoffmann, Angelika; Huchler, Norbert; Schmidt, Christoph M.; Peissner, Matthias; Stich, Andrea; Prasuhn, Pierre;Zitatform
André, Elisabeth, Angelika Bullinger-Hoffmann, Eva Bittner, Michael Heister, Norbert Huchler, Matthias Peissner, Pierre Prasuhn, Christoph M. Schmidt, Jochen Steil, Andrea Stich, Oliver Suchy & Uta Wilkens (2024): KI für die Fachkräftesicherung nutzen. Lösungsansätze für Automatisierung, Teilhabe und Wissenstransfer. München, 41 S. DOI:10.48669/pls_2024-2
Abstract
"Ob im Handwerk, Medizin oder der Verwaltung – in fast allen Branchen kommen Fachkräfteengpässe auf uns zu oder sind bereits spürbar. Zunehmend verstärkt durch demografische Entwicklungen wie den bevorstehenden Renteneintritt der Babyboomer. Um die Fachkräftebasis von morgen zu sichern, kann auch Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) als technologischer Baustein – vor allem in den Bereichen Automatisierung und KI-basierte Assistenz – eine bedeutende Rolle spielen. Das Whitepaper gibt einen Überblick, wie KI-Technologien gezielt zur Fachkräftesicherung beitragen können, um die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit zu stärken und Arbeitsplätze in Deutschland zu sichern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Coping with Industry 5.0: An Assessment of Evolving Soft Skills for the Workplace (2024)
Armstrong, Ryan; Torres Vergara, Carlos Javier;Zitatform
Armstrong, Ryan & Carlos Javier Torres Vergara (2024): Coping with Industry 5.0: An Assessment of Evolving Soft Skills for the Workplace. In: S. Nousala, G. Metcalf & D. Ing (Hrsg.): Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0: Explorations in the Transition from a Techno-economic to a Socio-technical Future (2024), Singapore, Springer Nature Singapore S. 57-78. DOI:10.1007/978-981-99-9730-5_3
Abstract
"It has been suggested that the transition to the sustainable, resilient, and human-centered production of Industry 5.0 will require a new or enhanced set of soft skills for the workplace, an appealing suggestion but one with only incipient evidence. Meanwhile, major practitioner reports, policy documents, and scholarly work emphasize a need for soft skills, and employers increasingly signal their desire for candidates to possess them. In this chapter, we examine the drivers of a need for more soft skills, and the challenges in research and practice to supporting their acquisition. We identify widespread misconceptions about soft skills, which could ultimately limit their potential for supporting individual and societal well-being. We review the term’s history and foundation, which reveals anumber of inherent challenges related to defining, recognizing, and evaluating soft skills. We then illustrate how these can be acknowledged and even embraced through an example of soft skill training from our own work. Finally, we discuss implications for researchers and practitioners." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Are we yet sick of new technologies? The unequal health effects of digitalization (2024)
Zitatform
Arntz, Melanie, Sebastian Findeisen, Stephan Maurer & Oliver Schlenker (2024): Are we yet sick of new technologies? The unequal health effects of digitalization. (CEP discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance 1984), London, 52 S.
Abstract
"This study quantifies the relationship between workplace digitalization, i.e., the increasing use of frontier technologies, and workers' health outcomes using novel and representative German linked employer-employee data. Based on changes in individual-level use of technologies between 2011 and 2019, we find that digitalization induces similar shifts into more complex and service-oriented tasks across all workers but exacerbates health inequality between cognitive and manual workers. Unlike more mature, computer-based technologies, frontier technologies of the recent technology wave substantially lower manual workers' subjective health and increase sick leave, while leaving cognitive workers unaffected. We provide evidence that the effects are mitigated in firms that provide training and assistance in the adjustment process for workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
auch erschienen als: Working Papers 19, University of Konstanz -
Literaturhinweis
De-Routinization in the Fourth Industrial Revolution - Firm-Level Evidence (2024)
Zitatform
Arntz, Melanie, Sabrina Genz, Terry Gregory, Florian Lehmer & Ulrich Zierahn-Weilage (2024): De-Routinization in the Fourth Industrial Revolution - Firm-Level Evidence. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16740), Bonn, 65 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines the extent to which aggregate-level de-routinization can be attributed to firm-level technology adoption during the most recent technological expansion. We use administrative data and a novel firm survey to distinguish frontier technologies from older technologies. We find that adopters of frontier technologies contribute substantially to deroutinization. However, this is driven only by a subset of these firms: large adopters replace routine jobs and less routine-intensive adopters experience faster growth. These scale and composition effects reflect firms' readiness to adopt and implement frontier technologies. Our results suggest that an acceleration of technology adoption would be associated with faster de-routinization and an increase in between-firm heterogeneity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Lehmer, Florian;Weiterführende Informationen
auch erschienen als: ZEW DISCUSSION PAPER NR. 24-005 -
Literaturhinweis
Does Artificial Intelligence Help or Hurt Gender Diversity? Evidence from Two Field Experiments on Recruitment in Tech (2024)
Avery, Mallory; Leibbrandt, Andreas; Vecci, Joseph;Zitatform
Avery, Mallory, Andreas Leibbrandt & Joseph Vecci (2024): Does Artificial Intelligence Help or Hurt Gender Diversity? Evidence from Two Field Experiments on Recruitment in Tech. (CESifo working paper 10996), München, 70 S.
Abstract
"The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in recruitment is rapidly increasing and drastically changing how people apply to jobs and how applications are reviewed. In this paper, we use two field experiments to study how AI recruitment tools can impact gender diversity in the male-dominated technology sector, both overall and separately for labor supply and demand. We find that the use of AI in recruitment changes the gender distribution of potential hires, in some cases more than doubling the fraction of top applicants that are women. This change is generated by better outcomes for women in both supply and demand. On the supply side, we observe that the use of AI reduces the gender gap in application completion rates. Complementary survey evidence suggests that anticipated bias is a driver of increased female application completion when assessed by AI instead of human evaluators. On the demand side, we find that providing evaluators with applicants' AI scores closes the gender gap in assessments that otherwise disadvantage female applicants. Finally, we show that the AI tool would have to be substantially biased against women to result in a lower level of gender diversity than found without AI." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: Monash Economics Working Papers, 2023-09 -
Literaturhinweis
Labour Market Engineers: Reconceptualising Labour Market Intermediaries with the Rise of the Gig Economy in the United States (2024)
Zitatform
Baber, Ashley (2024): Labour Market Engineers: Reconceptualising Labour Market Intermediaries with the Rise of the Gig Economy in the United States. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 38, H. 3, S. 723-743. DOI:10.1177/09500170221150087
Abstract
"Gig work – accessing job opportunities through an app – has brought renewed attention to precarious non-standard labour arrangements. Scholars have begun to consider the intermediary role that platforms such as Uber, Lyft and Doordash play in exploiting and controlling workers. Yet, literature on labour market intermediaries has muddied conceptions of their role, impact and outcomes for workers by lumping a variety of institutions under the same umbrella term. Drawing from previous theoretical and empirical works throughout the temporary help and gig industries, this article proposes a reconceptualisation of labour market intermediaries as labour market engineers highlighting four mutually reinforcing features. This sociological reconceptualisation updates the understanding of for-profit labour market intermediaries by demonstrating the market making behaviours of firms of on-demand labour in the US context. Likewise, this reconceptualisation notes how gig firms have adapted and expanded these features in ways that increase precarity for workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Berufe der Zukunft im Ruhrgebiet: Studie im Auftrag des Regionalverbands Ruhr. Endbericht (2024)
Zitatform
Bachmann, Ronald, Myrielle Gonschor, Eduard Storm & Julian Evans (2024): Berufe der Zukunft im Ruhrgebiet: Studie im Auftrag des Regionalverbands Ruhr. Endbericht. (RWI-Projektbericht 296884), Essen, 93 S.
Abstract
"Die Studie 'Berufe der Zukunft im Ruhrgebiet' verfolgt das Ziel, fünf Forschungsfragen zu beantworten: 1.Welche Berufe haben angesichts des digitalen Wandels und der ökologischen Transformation der Wirtschaft gute Zukunftschancen? 2.Wie stark sind diese Zukunftsberufe bereits ausgeprägt? 3.Wie entwickelt sich bei den Zukunftsberufen die Höhe der Arbeitsnachfrage und inwiefern werden digitale und grüne Kompetenzen nachgefragt? 4.Welche Rolle spielen Studium und Ausbildung für das zu erwartende Arbeitsangebot inden Zukunftsberufen? 5.Welche Entwicklungen sind vor diesem Hintergrund für die Zukunft zu erwarten?" (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of Robots on Labour market transitions in Europe (2024)
Zitatform
Bachmann, Ronald, Myrielle Gonschor, Piotr Lewandowski & Karol Madoń (2024): The impact of Robots on Labour market transitions in Europe. In: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Jg. 70, S. 422-441. DOI:10.1016/j.strueco.2024.05.005
Abstract
"Dieses Papier untersucht die Auswirkungen von Robotern auf Arbeitsmarkttransitionen in 16 europäischen Ländern. Generell reduzieren Roboter Übergänge von der Beschäftigung in die Arbeitslosigkeit und erhöhen die Wahrscheinlichkeit, einen neuen Job zu finden. Arbeitskosten sind eine wichtige Erklärung für die beobachteten Unterschiede zwischen Ländern: In Ländern mit niedrigeren Arbeitskosten zeigt sich ein stärkerer Effekt auf Einstellungen und Trennungen. Diese Auswirkungen sind bei Arbeitskräften in Berufen mit manuellen oder kognitiven Routineaufgaben besonders ausgeprägt, bei Berufen mit nicht-routine kognitiven Aufgaben hingegen vernachlässigbar. Für junge und ältere Arbeitskräfte in Ländern mit niedrigeren Arbeitskosten wirken sich Roboter positiv auf Übergänge aus. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Einführung von Robotern in den meisten europäischen Ländern zu einem Anstieg der Beschäftigung und einem Rückgang der Arbeitslosigkeit geführt hat, vor allem durch einen Rückgang der Übergänge in die Arbeitslosigkeit." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Navigating career stages in the age of artificial intelligence: A systematic interdisciplinary review and agenda for future research (2024)
Bankins, Sarah; Jooss, Stefan; Restubog, Simon Lloyd D.; Ocampo, Anna Carmella; Shoss, Mindy; Marrone, Mauricio;Zitatform
Bankins, Sarah, Stefan Jooss, Simon Lloyd D. Restubog, Mauricio Marrone, Anna Carmella Ocampo & Mindy Shoss (2024): Navigating career stages in the age of artificial intelligence: A systematic interdisciplinary review and agenda for future research. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 153. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2024.104011
Abstract
"As artificial intelligence (AI) use expands within organizations, its influence is increasingly permeating careers and vocational domains. However, there is a notable lack of structured insights regarding AI's role in shaping individual career paths across career stages. To address this gap, we undertook a systematic literature review of 104 empirical articles, aiming to synthesize the scholarship on AI in the context of careers. Drawing upon career stage theory, we examine the implications of AI on careers, identify key barriers and enablers of AI use in this area, and reveal how the utilization of AI impacts individuals' career competencies. In doing so, we illustrate how AI actively shapes individuals' career trajectories and we dissect these effects both within and across various career stages to situate AI within the broader context of careers research. Adopting a sustainable career lens, we conclude by outlining a future research agenda that advocates for the design and adoption of AI systems that promote sustainable and equitable careers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
New Technologies, Migration and Labour Market Adjustment: An Intra-European Perspective (2024)
Barišić, Antea; Landesmann, Michael; Stehrer, Robert; Ghodsi, Mahdi; Sabouniha, Alireza;Zitatform
Barišić, Antea, Mahdi Ghodsi, Michael Landesmann, Alireza Sabouniha & Robert Stehrer (2024): New Technologies, Migration and Labour Market Adjustment: An Intra-European Perspective. (WIIW policy notes and reports 77), Wien, 26 S.
Abstract
"In this note, we study the relationship between the use of new technologies (e.g. robots and various ICT assets), labor demand and migration patterns. The adoption of new technologies might change the demand for labor in various ways, which in turn will have an impact on skill composition and wage levels of different types of workers. We report the main results from a study that first analyses the impact of robot adoption on wages by sector and skills. Second, we study the impact of robot adoption in manufacturing industries on the attraction of migrants while controlling for other factors in the labor demand function. This is followed by an analysis of push and pull factors of bilateral migration that focuses on the impact of relative automation gaps across countries. Finally, using the OeNB Euro Survey, we examine determinants of the intention to migrate and the role of income differentials between the countries of origin and destination." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))