Digitale Arbeitswelt – Chancen und Herausforderungen für Beschäftigte und Arbeitsmarkt
Der digitale Wandel der Arbeitswelt gilt als eine der großen Herausforderungen für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Wie arbeiten wir in Zukunft? Welche Auswirkungen hat die Digitalisierung auf Beschäftigung und Arbeitsmarkt? Welche Qualifikationen werden künftig benötigt? Wie verändern sich Tätigkeiten und Berufe?
Diese Infoplattform dokumentiert Forschungsergebnisse zum Thema Arbeit 4.0 in den verschiedenen Wirtschaftsbereichen.
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Gesamtbetrachtungen/Positionen
- Arbeitsformen, Arbeitszeit und Gesundheit
- Qualifikationsanforderungen und Berufe
- Arbeitsplatz- und Beschäftigungseffekte
- Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Arbeits- und sozialrechtliche Aspekte
- Bundesländer
- andere Länder/ internationaler Vergleich
- Besondere Personengruppen
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Literaturhinweis
Robots and Workers: Evidence from the Netherlands (2023)
Zitatform
Acemoglu, Daron, Hans R. A. Koster & Ceren Ozgen (2023): Robots and Workers: Evidence from the Netherlands. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 31009), Cambridge, Mass, 60 S.
Abstract
"We estimate the effects of robot adoption on firm-level and worker-level outcomes in the Netherlands using a large employer-employee panel dataset spanning 2009-2020. Our firm-level results confirm previous findings, with positive effects on value added and hours worked for robot-adopting firms and negative outcomes on competitors in the same industry. Our worker-level results show that directly-affected workers (e.g., blue-collar workers performing routine or replaceable tasks) face lower earnings and employment rates, while other workers indirectly gain from robot adoption. We also find that the negative effects from competitors' robot adoption load on directly-affected workers, while other workers benefit from this industry-level robot adoption. Overall, our results highlight the uneven effects of automation on the workforce." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Metaverse revolution and the digital transformation: intersectional analysis of Industry 5.0 (2023)
Agarwal, Ayushi; Alathur, Sreejith;Zitatform
Agarwal, Ayushi & Sreejith Alathur (2023): Metaverse revolution and the digital transformation: intersectional analysis of Industry 5.0. In: Transforming Government : People, Process and Policy, Jg. 17, H. 4, S. 688-707. DOI:10.1108/TG-03-2023-0036
Abstract
"Purpose: This study aims to investigate metaverse elements affecting digital transformation and examine how the metaverses ’ enabled digital transformation affects Industry 5.0. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts intersectional research methodologies to understand how metaverse technologies facilitate digital transformation and contribute to Industry 5.0. The Metaverse literature is bibliometrically analyzed to identify the intersection of digital transformation and components of Industry 5.0. Findings The conceptualization of the metaverse, its ecosystem and its enabling technologies are consistent with the human-centric, resilient and sustainable vision of the industrial revolution. The findings show that scientific research into digital transformation contributes to refining potential conflicts and tensions that may arise at the intersection of the metaverse and Industry 5.0. Research limitations/implications Study have significant implications for digital transformation research, as transformation studies help to fine-tune emerging technologies such as the metaverse for the industrial revolution. Based on the findings, the authors have provided a threat model for the Sustainable Metaverse Revolution. Social implications The utility of metaverse technologies in industrial revolutions necessitates the formulation of business model policies that promote the metaverse-enabled digital transformation. Policy recommendations for integrated development approaches are also provided in this paper. Originality/value The metaverse-enabled digital transformation and its implications for the industrial revolution are less reported. The current study addresses the importance of such intersectional studies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Industrie 5.0 (2023)
Becker, Marco; Daube, Carl Heinz; Reinking, Ernst;Zitatform
Becker, Marco, Carl Heinz Daube & Ernst Reinking (2023): Industrie 5.0. (EconStor Preprints 270296), Kiel, 12 S.
Abstract
"Spätestens seit der Etablierung von ChatGPT als eine für die breite Masse sowohl der Unternehmen als auch der Bevölkerung gleichermaßen interessante Anwendung der Künstlichen Intelligenz im November 2022 neigt sich die Epoche der Industrie 4.0 dem Ende entgegen. In diesem Working Paper werden die Grenzen der Industrie 4.0 aufgezeigt und die Potenziale der Industrie 5.0 analysiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Risks to job quality from digital technologies: Are industrial relations in Europe ready for the challenge? (2023)
Zitatform
Berg, Janine, Francis Green, Laura Nurski & David A. Spencer (2023): Risks to job quality from digital technologies: Are industrial relations in Europe ready for the challenge? In: European journal of industrial relations, Jg. 29, H. 4, S. 347-365. DOI:10.1177/09596801231178904
Abstract
"We examine job quality effects of new digital technologies, using the European frame of seven job quality domains: Pay, Working Time Quality, Prospects, Skills and Discretion, Work Intensity, Social Environment, and Physical Environment. Theoretical effects are ambivalent across all domains. The analysis of these effects confirms that digital technologies can both improve and harm job quality depending on how they are used. In light of this analysis and to think through the challenge of regulating digital technologies, we review emerging regulations across several European countries. Drawing on the principles of human-centred design, we argue that worker participation is important for securing good job quality outcomes, at both the innovation and adoption stages. We also consider the application of data protection legislation to the regulation of job quality. Overall, the paper extends debate about the future of work beyond employment and pay, on to a consideration of job quality more broadly." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Automation, Robots and Wage Inequality in Germany: a decomposition Analysis (2023)
Zitatform
Brall, Franziska & Ramona Schmid (2023): Automation, Robots and Wage Inequality in Germany. A decomposition Analysis. In: Labour, Jg. 37, H. 1, S. 33-95. DOI:10.1111/labr.12236
Abstract
"We conduct a decomposition analysis based on recentred influence function (RIF) regressions to disentangle the relative importance of automation and robotization for wage inequality in the manufacturing sector in Germany between 1996 and 2017. Our measure of automation threat combines occupation-specific scores of automation risk with sector-specific robot densities. We find that besides changes in the composition of individual characteristics, structural shifts among different automation threat groups are a non-negligible factor associated with wage inequality between 1996 and 2017. Moreover, the increase in wage dispersion among the different automation threat groups has contributed significantly to higher wage inequality in the 1990s and 2000s." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Wiley) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Weiterbildungsbedarfe der Automobilbranche in der Transformation: Befragungsergebnisse aus dem IW-Zukunftspanel, Gutachten im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz (BMWK) für den Expertenkreis Transformation der Automobilwirtschaft (ETA) (2023)
Burstedde, Alexander; Tiedemann, Jurek; Werner, Dirk; Risius, Paula;Zitatform
Burstedde, Alexander, Paula Risius, Jurek Tiedemann & Dirk Werner (2023): Weiterbildungsbedarfe der Automobilbranche in der Transformation. Befragungsergebnisse aus dem IW-Zukunftspanel, Gutachten im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz (BMWK) für den Expertenkreis Transformation der Automobilwirtschaft (ETA). (IW-Report / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln 2023,56), Köln, 22 S.
Abstract
"Aufgrund des ökologischen und digitalen Wandels befinden sich weite Teile der deutschen Wirtschaft mit dem Schwerpunkt auf der Industrie derzeit in einer Transformation. So auch die Automobilindustrie, welche eine zentrale Rolle in der deutschen Volkswirtschaft einnimmt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Automation, digitalization and decarbonization in the European automotive industry: a roadmap towards a just transition (2023)
Zitatform
Cetrulo, Armanda, Giovanni Dosi, Angelo Moro, Linnea Nelli & Maria Enrica Virgillito (2023): Automation, digitalization and decarbonization in the European automotive industry: a roadmap towards a just transition. (LEM working paper series / Laboratory of Economics and Management 2023,36), Pisa, 30 S.
Abstract
"This position paper outlines the characteristics of the trends at stake in affecting the twin transition in the European automotive industry, and the political economy of the actors behind such transition. We first describe the automation and digitalization processes in the automotive sector and their effects on employment. Possible scenarios are analysed, illustrating actual cases of electrification conversion of some European plants of the key OEMs companies as practical examples to understand the employment effects. We then consider the role of the regulatory push in fostering the transition of the automotive sector towards electrification, highlighting the non-neutrality of the process and the risk of a quite limited space for decarbonization. Finally, we discuss the space and capacity of trade unions' actions to orient the twin transition toward social and climate justice." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The employment impact of AI technologies among AI innovators (2023)
Zitatform
Damioli, Giacomo, Vincent Van Roy, Daniel Vertesy & Marco Vivarelli (2023): The employment impact of AI technologies among AI innovators. (MSI discussion paper / KU Leuwen 2306),: KU Leuven, Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB), Department of Management, Strategy and Innovation, Leuven 36 S.
Abstract
"This study supports the labour-friendly nature of product innovation among developers of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. GMM-SYS estimates on a worldwide longitudinal dataset covering 3,500 companies that patented inventions related to AI technologies over the period 2000-2016 show a positive and significant impact of AI patent families on employment. The effect is small in magnitude and limited to service sectors and younger firms, which are front-runners of the AI revolution. We also detect some evidence of increasing returns suggesting that innovative companies more focused on AI technologies are those obtaining larger impacts in terms of job creation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Soziotechnische Optimierungs- und Anpassungsfaktoren im Arbeitssystem Smart Maintenance: Zur besonderen Bedeutung der interdependenten Ressource des Erfahrungswissens (2023)
Eisenmann, Martin;Zitatform
Eisenmann, Martin (2023): Soziotechnische Optimierungs- und Anpassungsfaktoren im Arbeitssystem Smart Maintenance. Zur besonderen Bedeutung der interdependenten Ressource des Erfahrungswissens. (Dortmunder Beiträge zur Sozialforschung), Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, XVII, 403 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-41135-0
Abstract
"Dieses Buch beschäftigt sich aus einer sozialwissenschaftlichen Perspektive mit den soziotechnischen Anpassungs- und Optimierungsfaktoren, die im Zuge von Digitalisierungsprozessen in innerbetrieblichen Instandhaltungsabteilungen und bei industriellen Serviceanbietern zu erkennen sind. Methodisch greift die Analyse auf die Erstellung von Betriebsfallstudien in den fokussierten Industriesektoren zurück, um anhand dessen die zuvor konzeptionell-theoretisch erarbeiteten Annahmen empirisch zu überprüfen. Im Rahmen dieser Veränderungen kristallisiert sich als ein zentrales Ergebnis der Untersuchung heraus, dass das Erfahrungswissen der Beschäftigten als eine besondere Ressource zu identifizieren ist. Der Autor Martin Eisenmann ist promovierter Sozialwissenschaftler und bei der Sozialforschungsstelle in Dortmund im Fachbereich 'Arbeit und Organisation im sozio-digitalen Wandel' tätig. Sein Forschungsschwerpunkt liegt im Bereich der Digitalisierung von Arbeit in Industrie, Logistik und Instandhaltung." (Verlagsangaben)
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Literaturhinweis
Picking with a robot colleague: A systematic literature review and evaluation of technology acceptance in human–robot collaborative warehouses (2023)
Zitatform
Jacob, Frederic, Eric H. Grosse, Stefan Morana & Cornelius J. König (2023): Picking with a robot colleague: A systematic literature review and evaluation of technology acceptance in human–robot collaborative warehouses. In: Computers & Industrial Engineering, Jg. 180. DOI:10.1016/j.cie.2023.109262
Abstract
"Just-in-time delivery, shorter product life cycles, demographic changes, and the Covid-19 pandemic have driven the industrial application of collaborative robots in warehouses. These robots work alongside humans, increasing their productivity and relieving them of repetitive or strenuous tasks. However, human workers can be reluctant to collaborate with robots owing to certain fears; for example, they may be concerned about job loss, stress, expected effort, or risk to physical integrity. These concerns can negatively impact the acceptance of human–robot collaboration (HRC). As the literature on this topic is fragmented, this study analyzes HRC acceptance in warehouses based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. We identify, classify, and analyze studies examining HRC acceptance in warehouses using a systematic literature review methodology. A framework is established to guide the analysis of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, (perceived) occupational safety, psychosocial, and legal and privacy factors. The results indicate the importance of corporate infrastructure and consideration of cognitive factors in particular. The findings of this study will support future research on HRC in warehouses and provide guidance for managers regarding HRC applicability." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Robots and Wages: A Meta-Analysis (2023)
Jurkat, Anne; Klump, Rainer; Schneider, Florian;Zitatform
Jurkat, Anne, Rainer Klump & Florian Schneider (2023): Robots and Wages: A Meta-Analysis. (EconStor Preprints 274156), Kiel, 72 S.
Abstract
"The empirical evidence on how industrial robots affect employment and wages is very mixed. Our meta-study helps to uncover the potentially true effect of industrial robots on labor market outcomes and to identify drivers of the heterogeneous empirical results. By means of a systematic literature research, we collected 53 papers containing 2143 estimations for the impact of robot adoption on wages. We observe only limited evidence for a publication bias in favor of negative results. The genuine overall effect of industrial robots on wages is close to zero and both statistically and economically insignificant. With regard to the drivers of heterogeneity, we find that more positive results are obtained if primary estimations a) include more countries in their sample, b) control for ICT capital, demographic developments, or tenure, c) focus on employees that remain employed in the same sector, d) consider only non-manufacturing industries, e) are specified in long differences, and f) come from a peer-reviewed journal article. More negative effects, in turn, are reported for primary estimations that are i) weighted, ii) aggregated at country level, iii) control for trade exposure, iv) and consider only manufacturing industries. We also find some evidence for skill-biased technological change. The magnitude of that effect is albeit small and less robust than one might expect in view of skill-biased technological change. We find little evidence for data dependence." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Micro Data on Robots from the IAB Establishment Panel (2023)
Zitatform
Plümpe, Verena & Jens Stegmaier (2023): Micro Data on Robots from the IAB Establishment Panel. In: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, Jg. 243, H. 3-4, S. 397-413., 2022-08-01. DOI:10.1515/jbnst-2022-0045
Abstract
"Micro-data on robots have been very sparse in Germany so far. Consequently, a dedicated section has been introduced in the IAB Establishment Panel 2019 that includes questions on the number and type of robots used. This article describes the background and development of the survey questions, provides information on the quality of the data, possible checks and steps of data preparation. The resulting data is aggregated on industry level and compared with the frequently used robot data by the International Federation of Robotics (IFR) which contains robot supplier information on aggregate robot stocks and deliveries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Berufliche Übergangspfade in der Automobil- und Zulieferindustrie in Baden-Württemberg (2023)
Stohr, Daniel; Höfgen, Teresa; Neist, Sebastian; Müller, Sandra; Spies, Sabrina; Schnautz, Christian; Fries, Jan Ludwig; Runschke, Benedikt;Zitatform
Stohr, Daniel, Sandra Müller, Jan Ludwig Fries, Sebastian Neist, Benedikt Runschke, Sabrina Spies, Teresa Höfgen & Christian Schnautz (2023): Berufliche Übergangspfade in der Automobil- und Zulieferindustrie in Baden-Württemberg. Gütersloh, 83 S. DOI:10.11586/2023018
Abstract
"Die Studie "Berufliche Übergangspfade in der Automobil- und Zulieferindustrie in Baden-Württemberg", die das Forschungsinstitut WifOR im Auftrag der Bertelsmann Stiftung durchgeführt hat, ermittelt für fünf besonders gefährdete Berufsgattungen (5-Steller in der Klassifikation der Berufe) erfolgversprechende Übergangspfade in jeweils fünf zukunftsträchtige Berufsgattungen. Damit diese Übergänge für die Beschäftigten mit vertretbarem Aufwand umzusetzen sind, wurden auf der Basis von 370.000 Online-Stellenanzeigen anhand der daraus extrahierten Kompetenzen möglichst ähnliche Berufe ausgewählt. Die Analyse wurde durch die Einschätzung von Fachleuten aus der Praxis ergänzt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, auf welchen vorhandenen Kompetenzen die Beschäftigten aufbauen können und welche zusätzlichen Kenntnisse und Fähigkeiten sie für gelingende Übergänge erwerben müssen. Die Studie ist in enger Kooperation mit der Agentur Q entstanden, der gemeinsamen Einrichtung von Südwestmetall und IG Metall zur Förderung der Weiterbildung in Baden-Württemberg." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Kurzfassung -
Literaturhinweis
"Soll mir das Angst machen?": Transformationserfahrungen von Beschäftigten in der Automobil- und der Luftverkehrswirtschaft (2023)
Tullius, Knut; Wolf, Harald;Zitatform
Tullius, Knut & Harald Wolf (2023): "Soll mir das Angst machen?". Transformationserfahrungen von Beschäftigten in der Automobil- und der Luftverkehrswirtschaft. In: Arbeits- und industriesoziologische Studien, Jg. 16, H. 1, S. 56-73. DOI:10.21241/ssoar.86827
Abstract
"Der Beitrag diskutiert die Umbruchserfahrungen und Mentalitätsmuster von Beschäftigten in der Automobil- und der Luftverkehrswirtschaft. Beide Branchen stehen exemplarisch für das deutsche Modell exportorientierten Wachstums und relativen Wohlstands sowie damit verbundene Arbeits- und Lebensweisen. Diese scheinen durch jüngere Entwicklungen grundlegend infrage gestellt zu sein, vor allem durch das gesellschaftspolitische Projekt einer "Mobilitätswende". Wie unser Beitrag zeigt, wird "Transformation" als ein von Verunsicherungsnarrativen begleiteter, politik- und managementgetriebener Top-Down-Prozess der fortgesetzten Verschlechterung der Arbeits- und Lebensbedingungen erfahren. Eine um Mobilität, Leistungsstolz, Familie und Absicherung kreisende Mentalität ist mit Transformationserfahrungen konfrontiert, die sich nun vor allem als Verlust, drohender Abstieg und Gefährdung der gewohnten Arbeits- und Lebensweisen darstellen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Do industrial robots affect the labour market? Evidence from China (2023)
Zitatform
Zhang, Lihua, Tian Gan & Jiachen Fan (2023): Do industrial robots affect the labour market? Evidence from China. In: Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, Jg. 31, H. 3, S. 787-817. DOI:10.1111/ecot.12356
Abstract
"The industrial robot is an essential part of modern manufacturing. Using micro-level data, this study investigates the effects of industrial robots on the labour market in China. The results show that the adoption of industrial robots increases firm-level employment by 31.65%. Using the Bartik method, we construct robot penetration as an instrumental variable of robot adoption to tackle endogenous problems. Our results stand up to a series of robustness checks. Moreover, the effects of robots are mainly owing to the expansion of the output scale, increased productivity, and upgraded products. We also find the skill-biased impact of robots and the spillover effect of industrial robots through production networks." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The labour market impact of robotisation in Europe (2022)
Antón, José-Ignacio ; Klenert, David; Alaveras, Georgios; Fernández-Macías, Enrique ; Urzì Brancati, Maria Cesira;Zitatform
Antón, José-Ignacio, David Klenert, Enrique Fernández-Macías, Maria Cesira Urzì Brancati & Georgios Alaveras (2022): The labour market impact of robotisation in Europe. In: European journal of industrial relations, Jg. 28, H. 3, S. 317-339. DOI:10.1177/09596801211070801
Abstract
"This paper explores the impact of robot adoption on European regional labour markets between 1995 and 2015. Specifically, we look at the effect of the usage of industrial robots on jobs and employment structures across European regions. Our estimates suggest that the effect of robots on employment tends to be mostly small and negative during the period 1995–2005 and positive during the period 2005–2015 for the majority of model specifications. Regarding the effects on employment structures, we find some evidence of a mildly polarising effect in the first period, but this finding depends to some extent on the model specifications. In sum, this paper shows that the impact of robots on European labour markets in the last couple of decades has been ambiguous and is not robust. The strength and even the sign of this effect are sensitive to the specifications, as well as to the countries and periods analysed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Technological unemployment revisited: automation in a search and matching framework (2022)
Zitatform
Cords, Dario & Klaus Prettner (2022): Technological unemployment revisited: automation in a search and matching framework. In: Oxford economic papers, Jg. 74, H. 1, S. 115-135. DOI:10.1093/oep/gpab022
Abstract
"Will automation raise unemployment and what is the role of education in this context? To answer these questions, we propose a search and matching model of the labour market with two skill types and with industrial robots. In line with evidence to date, robots are better substitutes for low-skilled workers than for high-skilled workers. We show that robot adoption leads to rising unemployment and falling wages of low-skilled workers and falling unemployment and rising wages of high-skilled workers. In a calibration to Austrian and German data, we find that robot adoption destroys fewer low-skilled jobs than the number of high-skilled jobs it creates. For Australia and the USA, the reverse holds true. Allowing for endogenous skill acquisition of workers implies positive employment effects of automation in all four countries. Thus, the firm creation mechanism in the search and matching model and skill acquisition are alleviating the adverse effects of automation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Automation, Job Polarisation, and Structural Change (2022)
Zitatform
Fierro, Luca Eduardo, Alessandro Caiani & Alberto Russo (2022): Automation, Job Polarisation, and Structural Change. In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Jg. 200, S. 499-535. DOI:10.1016/j.jebo.2022.05.025
Abstract
"The increasing automation of tasks traditionally performed by labour is reshaping the relationship between skills and tasks of workers, unevenly affecting labour demand for low, middle, and high-skill occupations. To investigate the economy-wide response to automation, we designed a multisector Agent-Based Macroeconomic model accounting for workers' heterogeneity in skills and tasks. The model features endogenous skill-biased technical change, and heterogeneous consumption preferences for goods and personal services across workers of different skill types. Following available empirical evidence, we model automation as a manufacturing-specific, productivity-enhancing, and skill-biased technological process. We show how automation can trigger a structural change process from manufactory to personal services, which eventually increases the share of high and low-skilled occupations, while reducing the share of middle-skilled ones. Following the literature, we label this dynamics as job polarisation throughout the paper. Finally, we study how labour market policies can feedback in the model dynamics. In our framework, a minimum wage policy (i) slows down the structural change process, (ii) boosts aggregate productivity, and (iii) accelerates the automation process, strengthening productivity growth within the manufacturing sector." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2022 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Robots and Unions: The Moderating Effect of Organised Labour on Technological Unemployment (2022)
Zitatform
Haapanala, Henri, Ive Marx & Zachary Parolin (2022): Robots and Unions: The Moderating Effect of Organised Labour on Technological Unemployment. (IZA discussion paper 15080), Bonn, 31 S.
Abstract
"We analyse the moderating effect of trade unions on industrial employment and unemployment in countries facing exposure to industrial robots. Applying random effects within-between regression to a pseudo-panel of observations from 28 advanced democracies over 1998-2019, we find that stronger trade unions in a country are associated with a greater decline in the industry sector employment of young and low-educated workers. We also show that the unemployment rates for low-educated workers remain constant in strongly unionised countries with increasing exposure to robots, whereas in weakly unionised countries, low-educated unemployment declines with robot exposure but from a higher starting point. Our results point to unions exacerbating the insider-outsider effects of technological change within the industrial sector, which however is not fully passed on to unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
New Evidence on the Effect of Technology on Employment and Skill Demand (2022)
Hirvonen, Johannes; Stenhammar, Aapo; Tuhkuri, Joonas;Zitatform
Hirvonen, Johannes, Aapo Stenhammar & Joonas Tuhkuri (2022): New Evidence on the Effect of Technology on Employment and Skill Demand. (ETLA working papers 93), Helsinki, 133 S.
Abstract
"We present novel evidence on the effects of advanced technologies on employment, skill demand, and firm performance. The main finding is that advanced technologies led to increases in employment and no change in skill composition. Our main research design focuses on a technology subsidy program in Finland that induced sharp increases in technology investment in manufacturing firms. Our data directly measure multiple technologies and skills and track firms and workers over time. We demonstrate novel text analysis and machine learning methods to perform matching and to measure specific technological changes. To explain our findings, we outline a theoretical framework that contrasts two types of technological change: process versus product. We document that firms used new technologies to produce new types of output rather than replace workers with technologies within the same type of production. The results contrast with the ideas that technologies necessarily replace workers or are skill biased." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Gesamtbetrachtungen/Positionen
- Arbeitsformen, Arbeitszeit und Gesundheit
- Qualifikationsanforderungen und Berufe
- Arbeitsplatz- und Beschäftigungseffekte
- Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Arbeits- und sozialrechtliche Aspekte
- Bundesländer
- andere Länder/ internationaler Vergleich
- Besondere Personengruppen