Digitale Arbeitswelt – Chancen und Herausforderungen für Beschäftigte und Arbeitsmarkt
Der digitale Wandel der Arbeitswelt gilt als eine der großen Herausforderungen für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Wie arbeiten wir in Zukunft? Welche Auswirkungen hat die Digitalisierung und die Nutzung Künstlicher Intelligenz auf Beschäftigung und Arbeitsmarkt? Welche Qualifikationen werden künftig benötigt? Wie verändern sich Tätigkeiten und Berufe? Welche arbeits- und sozialrechtlichen Konsequenzen ergeben sich daraus?
Dieses Themendossier dokumentiert Forschungsergebnisse zum Thema in den verschiedenen Wirtschaftsbereichen und Regionen.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Gesamtbetrachtungen/Positionen
- Arbeitsformen, Arbeitszeit und Gesundheit
- Qualifikationsanforderungen und Berufe
- Arbeitsplatz- und Beschäftigungseffekte
- Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Arbeits- und sozialrechtliche Aspekte / digitale soziale Sicherung
- Deutschland
- Andere Länder/ internationaler Vergleich
- Besondere Personengruppen
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Literaturhinweis
Technologischer Wandel und Löhne: Die Anpassung der Berufe spielt eine entscheidende Rolle (2026)
Zitatform
Bachmann, Ronald, Gökay Demir, Colin Green & Arne Uhlendorff (2026): Technologischer Wandel und Löhne: Die Anpassung der Berufe spielt eine entscheidende Rolle. (IAB-Kurzbericht 01/2026), Nürnberg, 8 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2601
Abstract
"Technischer Fortschritt verändert die Arbeitswelt - besonders in Berufen, in denen viele Tätigkeiten leicht automatisiert werden können. In den letzten Jahrzehnten ist der Anteil an Routinetätigkeiten in vielen Berufen deutlich zurückgegangen - häufig zugunsten nicht routinemäßiger kognitiver Tätigkeiten wie Analysieren, Planen oder Beraten. Dabei verzeichnen Berufe, deren Tätigkeiten sich im Laufe der Zeit stärker an den technologischen Wandel angepasst haben, steigende Löhne. Sie zeichnen sich zudem durch intensivere Weiterbildungsaktivitäten aus. In Berufen, deren Tätigkeitsprofil sich kaum verändert hat, stagnieren die Löhne dagegen häufiger." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
- Vollzeitbeschäftigte westdeutsche Männer in ursprünglich routinelastigen Berufen
- Veränderung von Tätigkeitsschwerpunkten durch technologischen Wandel
- Veränderung im Anteil der Routinetätigkeiten
- Veränderung im Anteil der Routinetätigkeiten im Vergleich zu nicht routinemäßigen (NR) kognitiven Tätigkeiten in exemplarisch ausgewählten, ursprünglich routinelastigen Berufsfeldern
- Anteil Beschäftigter in Weiterbildungskursen nach Tätigkeitsgruppen
- Relatives Lohnwachstum nach Tätigkeitsgruppen
- Vollzeitbeschäftigte westdeutsche Männer nach Tätigkeitsgruppen
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Literaturhinweis
Winners and losers when firms robotize: wage effects across occupations and education (2026)
Zitatform
Barth, Erling, Marianne Røed, Pål Schøne & Janis Umblijs (2026): Winners and losers when firms robotize: wage effects across occupations and education. In: The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Jg. 128, H. 1, S. 3-32. DOI:10.1111/sjoe.12593
Abstract
"This paper analyses the impact of robots on workers' wages in the manufacturing sector, with a particular focus on relative wages for workers with different levels of education and in different occupations. Using high-quality matched employer–employee register data with firm-level information on the introduction of industrial robots, we identify the effects of robotization on relative wages within firms. Skilled blue-collar workers with a vocational degree experience a decline in wages when firms introduce robots, while there are only small effects for the other groups of workers. These results suggest that robots are substitutes for tasks undertaken by skilled blue-collar workers in manufacturing, and furthermore that the adoption of robots contributes to a polarization of the labor market and a hollowing out of the wage distribution, rather than to skill-biased technical change." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labour productivity gains or offshoring? Implications for post-growth proposals on the future of work (2026)
Zitatform
Godé, Lukas, Simon Mair & Erik Gómez-Baggethun (2026): Labour productivity gains or offshoring? Implications for post-growth proposals on the future of work. In: Ecological economics, Jg. 239. DOI:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108778
Abstract
"Two visions prevail about the future of work in sustainable post-growth economies. According to the first, labour productivity gains resulting from technological development will enable to work less. The second contends instead that such gains are not always desirable and could be constrained by a shift towards less polluting production, potentially resulting in more work. Yet, conventional measures of labour productivity on which these proposals are based can conceal a displacement of labour requirements abroad. In this paper, we conduct a case study on Germany in 1995 –2020 to assess whether and to which extent labour productivity gainsresult from offshoring, and implications for post-growth proposals on the future of work. We first retrieve global labour requirements of German production across upstream supply chains. We then decompose conventional labour productivity gains to evaluate whether they result from a reduction in global labour requirements or of their increased displacement towards upstream sectors. Finally, we examine possible impacts on labour offshoring of shifting production to sectors with low productivity gains. We use a socially extended Multi-Regional Input-Output model based on OECD data. Our results show that a quarter of the global labour requirements for German production is provided abroad. This share increased until 2007 before it stabilized or decreased. We identify some potential for working time reduction without increases in labour offshoring. Shifting to service sectors could furthermore reduce labour offshoring relative to production. Yet critically, German production may cover only a fraction of domestic consumption. Related implications for post-growth proposals require further attention." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Machine learning for labor market matching (2026)
Zitatform
Mühlbauer, Sabrina & Enzo Weber (2026): Machine learning for labor market matching. In: Machine learning with applications, Jg. 23, 2026-02-03. DOI:10.1016/j.mlwa.2026.100861
Abstract
"This paper develops a large-scale machine learning framework to improve labor market matching using rich administrative data. Matching is defined as a job seeker entering employment in a specific occupational field. We exploit comprehensive employment biographies from Germany, covering individual characteristics and job-related information, to estimate employment probabilities across occupations and generate personalized job recommendations. The contribution lies in demonstrating why machine learning methods are particularly well suited for administrative labor market data and outperform traditional statistical approaches. We compare logit, ordinary least squares (OLS), k-nearest neighbors, and random forest (RF). RF consistently achieves the highest predictive performance. Its advantage is rooted in key methodological properties: RF builds an ensemble of decision trees trained on bootstrap samples, introduces random feature selection at each split, and aggregates predictions through majority voting. This enables RF to capture nonlinear relationships and complex interactions, remain robust in high-dimensional settings, and reduce overfitting — features that are particularly relevant for heterogeneous and imbalanced administrative data. Compared to conventional models, RF better exploits the full informational content of employment histories, especially when estimating on all employment spells rather than restricting the sample to unemployment-to-employment transitions. The sample comprises approximately 55 million spells, representing about 6 percent of the German workforce from 2012 to 2018. Our results suggest that ML-based matching, relative to standard statistical approaches, could hypothetically reduce the unemployment rate by up to 0.3 percentage points, highlighting the practical relevance of RF-based decision support for labor market policy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
New Technology, Older Workers: How Workplace Technology is Associated with Indicators of Job Retention (2025)
Zitatform
Abrams, Leah, Daniel Schneider & Kristen Harknett (2025): New Technology, Older Workers: How Workplace Technology is Associated with Indicators of Job Retention. In: Journal of Aging & Social Policy, S. 1-17. DOI:10.1080/08959420.2025.2523122
Abstract
"Middle-aged and older adults who are employed in precarious, high-strain jobs may face challenges to continued work, risking economic insecurity and poor wellbeing in retirement. Technology in the workplace, an under-studied aspect of work environments, could accommodate aging workers or could add stress to their jobs. This study examines how technology in sales and surveillance at work are related to job satisfaction and planned job exits among approximately 6,000 workers aged 50–69 employed in the low-wage service sector (e.g. retail, pharmacy, grocery, hardware, fast food, casual dining, delivery, and hotel). On-the-job surveillance was related to lower job satisfaction and higher reports of looking for a new job, especially when combined with sanctioning for slow speed of work. However, rewards for speed, and to a lesser extent the use of leaderboards, were associated with higher job satisfaction, demonstrating the potential of technology to enhance the work experience for older employees. The use of sales technologies was not associated with job satisfaction or intentions to look for a new job. These results provide a uniquely detailed portrait of prevailing labor market conditions for aging workers in the service sector and demonstrate how certain kinds of technology matter for older workers ’ employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Automation and Polarization (2025)
Zitatform
Acemoglu, Daron & Jonas Löbbing (2025): Automation and Polarization. In: Journal of Political Economy. DOI:10.1086/739330
Abstract
"We develop an assignment model of automation. Each of a continuum of tasks of variable complexity is assigned to either capital or one of a continuum of labor skills. We characterize conditions for interiorautomation, whereby tasks of intermediate complexity are performed by capital. Interior automation arises when the most skilled workers have a comparative advantage in the most complex tasks relative to capital, and when the wages of the least skilled workers are sufficiently low relative to both their own productivity and the effective cost of capital in low-complexity tasks. Minimum wages and other sourcesof higher wages at the bottom make interior automation less likely. Starting with interior automation, a reduction in the cost of capital (or an increase in capital productivity) causes employment and wage polarization. Specifically, further automation pushes workers into tasks at the lower and upper ends ofthe task distribution. It also monotonically increases the skill premium above a threshold and reduces the skill premium below this threshold. Moreover, automation tends to reduce the real wage of Workers with comparative advantage profiles close to that of capital. We show that large enough increases in capital productivity ultimately induce a transition to low-skill automation and qualitatively alter the effects of automation—thereafter inducing monotone increases in skill premia rather than wage polarization." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Artificial intelligence in work design: unlocking inclusion and overcoming barriers (2025)
Adolph, Lars; Kirchhoff, Britta Marleen; Hamideh Kerdar, Sara;Zitatform
Adolph, Lars, Britta Marleen Kirchhoff & Sara Hamideh Kerdar (2025): Artificial intelligence in work design: unlocking inclusion and overcoming barriers. In: Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Jg. 79, H. 2, S. 197-205. DOI:10.1007/s41449-025-00467-4
Abstract
"This article examines the protection goal of “exclusion prevention” and the design requirement of “design for inclusion and accessibility”, which are part of the initial considerations for a roadmap on artificial intelligence (AI) in occupational science research. The proposed roadmap systematically breaks down framework conditions, design requirements, instrumental goals and protection goals. The concept presented provides guidance for future research and can also serve as a basis for scientific policy advice. The in-depth examination of inclusion and AI takes place against the background that, on the one hand these aspects are underrepresented in occupational science research, and technological development can lead to a surge of change, particularly in the area of inclusive work design, on the other. Two expert workshops were held to answer the research question of what opportunities and risks AI technologies offer for the professional integration of people with disabilities, and what research and development needs to exist. The results show that some useful systems already exist, but that they can also have negative effects and that there is a need for further development. Practical relevance: The presented aspects of the roadmap on artificial intelligence (AI) from the perspective of occupational science research is relevant for both companies and policy actors who want to gain a systematic overview of AI in the world of work. A particular focus is on the issue of inclusive work design. In an expert workshop, it became clear that an optimistic view of the use of artificial intelligence for inclusive work design prevails both in companies or workshops employing people with disabilities and in the field of consulting. At the same time, however, development needs and potential risks were identified. The results provide an overview of the current potential uses of AI and are also of interest to companies that do not yet employ people with disabilities but are planning to do so." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Genius on Demand: The Value of Transformative Artificial Intelligence (2025)
Zitatform
Agrawal, Ajay K., Joshua S. Gans & Avi Goldfarb (2025): Genius on Demand: The Value of Transformative Artificial Intelligence. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 34316), Cambridge, Mass, 20 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines how the emergence of transformative AI systems providing ``genius on demand" would affect knowledge worker allocation and labour market outcomes. We develop a simple model distinguishing between routine knowledge workers, who can only apply existing knowledge with some uncertainty, and genius workers, who create new knowledge at a cost increasing with distance from a known point. When genius capacity is scarce, we find it should be allocated primarily to questions at domain boundaries rather than at midpoints between known answers. The introduction of AI geniuses fundamentally transforms this allocation. In the short run, human geniuses specialise in questions that are furthest from existing knowledge, where their comparative advantage over AI is greatest. In the long run, routine workers may be completely displaced if AI efficiency approaches human genius efficiency." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Varieties of platform capitalism? Competition, regime types and the diversity of food delivery platforms across Europe and North America (2025)
Zitatform
Ametowobla, Dzifa & Stefan Kirchner (2025): Varieties of platform capitalism? Competition, regime types and the diversity of food delivery platforms across Europe and North America. In: Socio-economic review, Jg. 23, H. 2, S. 899-931. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwae079
Abstract
"This article challenges the idea of platform capitalism, that digital platforms implement a uniform model based on a self-employed labor force. Expanding on empirical evidence of a diversity of platform models, we theorize expectations about platform diversity from competition and comparative capitalism research. Using a unique cross-national dataset of leading food delivery platforms in 32 countries across North America and Europe, we compare platform models and competitive relations across national institutional regimes. Our analyses uncover a considerable diversity of platform models across Europe, in contrast to a clear uniformity in North America. We also find that the use of self-employment varies across and within large multinational corporations and is most prevalent in countries of the lightly regulated regime type. Our results call for an economic sociology perspective on the platform economy that integrates a general concept of platforms but allows for diversity stemming from competition and different national regimes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Zentrale Befunde zu aktuellen Arbeitsmarktthemen 2025 (2025)
Anger, Silke ; Wolter, Stefanie ; Lietzmann, Torsten ; Lehmer, Florian ; Jahn, Elke; Leber, Ute; Wolff, Joachim; Artmann, Elisabeth; Wenzig, Claudia; Lang, Julia ; Wanger, Susanne ; Kuhn, Sarah; Vom Berge, Philipp ; Kubis, Alexander; Walwei, Ulrich ; Trenkle, Simon ; Braun, Wolfgang; Brücker, Herbert ; Stops, Michael ; Kosyakova, Yuliya ; Stepanok, Ignat ; Janssen, Simon; Roth, Duncan ; Janser, Markus ; Rauch, Angela ; Jahn, Elke J. ; Popp, Martin ; Hohmeyer, Katrin ; Müller, Dana ; Hohendanner, Christian ; Mense, Andreas ; Hiesinger, Karolin ; Zika, Gerd ; Heß, Pascal ; Weber, Enzo ; Hellwagner, Timon ; Bruckmeier, Kerstin ; Haas, Anette; Seibert, Holger; Gürtzgen, Nicole ; Ramos Lobato, Philipp; Gläser, Nina; Müller, Christoph ; Gherbaoui, Samia; Arntz, Melanie ; Gellermann, Jan; Stephan, Gesine ; Fitzenberger, Bernd ; Oberfichtner, Michael ; Dietz, Martin; Bächmann, Ann-Christin ; Dauth, Wolfgang ; Matthes, Britta ; Collischon, Matthias ; Reims, Nancy ; Christoph, Bernhard ;Zitatform
Anger, Silke, Melanie Arntz, Elisabeth Artmann, Ann-Christin Bächmann, Wolfgang Braun, Kerstin Bruckmeier, Herbert Brücker, Bernhard Christoph, Matthias Collischon, Wolfgang Dauth, Martin Dietz, Bernd Fitzenberger, Jan Gellermann, Samia Gherbaoui, Nina Gläser, Nicole Gürtzgen, Anette Haas, Timon Hellwagner, Pascal Heß, Karolin Hiesinger, Christian Hohendanner, Katrin Hohmeyer, Elke J. Jahn, Markus Janser, Simon Janssen, Stefanie Wolter, Torsten Lietzmann, Florian Lehmer, Ute Leber, Joachim Wolff, Claudia Wenzig, Julia Lang, Susanne Wanger, Sarah Kuhn, Philipp Vom Berge, Alexander Kubis, Ulrich Walwei, Simon Trenkle, Michael Stops, Yuliya Kosyakova, Ignat Stepanok, Duncan Roth, Angela Rauch, Martin Popp, Dana Müller, Andreas Mense, Gerd Zika, Enzo Weber, Holger Seibert, Philipp Ramos Lobato, Christoph Müller, Gesine Stephan, Michael Oberfichtner, Britta Matthes & Nancy Reims (2025): Zentrale Befunde zu aktuellen Arbeitsmarktthemen 2025. Nürnberg, 21 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.GP.2505.1
Abstract
"Digitalisierung und Künstliche Intelligenz, Dekarbonisierung und demografischer Wandel werden den Arbeitsmarkt in den kommenden Jahren erheblich verändern. Gleichzeitig wird eine Deindustrialisierung Deutschlands befürchtet. Handlungsbedarf besteht beispielsweise bei der Sicherung des Arbeitskräftebedarfs – und damit verbunden bei den Themen Aus- und Weiterbildung –, bei der Reduzierung der Arbeitslosigkeit und insbesondere der Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit sowie bei der sozialen Absicherung von Solo-Selbständigen Zu all diesen und zahlreichen weiteren wichtigen Themen fasst die IAB-Broschüre „Zentrale Befunde zu aktuellen Arbeitsmarkt-Themen 2025“ die zentralen wissenschaftlichen Befunde kompakt zusammen. Sie bietet zudem Handlungsempfehlungen für die Arbeitsmarktpolitik, die aus den wissenschaftlichen Befunden abgeleitet wurden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Anger, Silke ; Wolter, Stefanie ; Lietzmann, Torsten ; Lehmer, Florian ; Leber, Ute; Wolff, Joachim; Artmann, Elisabeth; Wenzig, Claudia; Lang, Julia ; Wanger, Susanne ; Kuhn, Sarah; Vom Berge, Philipp ; Kubis, Alexander; Walwei, Ulrich ; Trenkle, Simon ; Braun, Wolfgang; Brücker, Herbert ; Stops, Michael ; Kosyakova, Yuliya ; Stepanok, Ignat ; Janssen, Simon; Roth, Duncan ; Janser, Markus ; Rauch, Angela ; Jahn, Elke J. ; Popp, Martin ; Hohmeyer, Katrin ; Müller, Dana ; Hohendanner, Christian ; Mense, Andreas ; Hiesinger, Karolin ; Zika, Gerd ; Heß, Pascal ; Weber, Enzo ; Hellwagner, Timon ; Bruckmeier, Kerstin ; Haas, Anette; Seibert, Holger; Gürtzgen, Nicole ; Ramos Lobato, Philipp; Gläser, Nina; Müller, Christoph ; Arntz, Melanie ; Gellermann, Jan; Stephan, Gesine ; Fitzenberger, Bernd ; Oberfichtner, Michael ; Dietz, Martin; Bächmann, Ann-Christin ; Dauth, Wolfgang ; Matthes, Britta ; Collischon, Matthias ; Reims, Nancy ; Christoph, Bernhard ; -
Literaturhinweis
Computers as Stepping Stones? Technological Change and Equality of Labor Market Opportunities (2025)
Zitatform
Arntz, Melanie, Cäcilia Lipowski, Guido Neidhöfer & Ulrich Zierahn-Weilage (2025): Computers as Stepping Stones? Technological Change and Equality of Labor Market Opportunities. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 43, H. 2, S. 503-543., 2023-08-18. DOI:10.1086/727490
Abstract
"This paper analyzes whether technological change improves equality of labor market opportunities by increasing the returns to skills relative to the returns to parental background. We find that in Germany during the 1990s, the introduction of computer technologies improved the access to technology-adopting occupations for workers with low-educated parents, and reduced their wage penalty within these occupations. We also show that this significantly contributed to a decline in the overall wage penalty experienced by workers from disadvantaged parental back-grounds over this time period. Competing mechanisms, such as skill-specific labor supply shocks and skill-upgrading, do not explain these findings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Digitalisierung und Wandel der Beschäftigung (DiWaBe 2.0): Eine Datengrundlage für die Erforschung von Künstlicher Intelligenz und anderer Technologien in der Arbeitswelt (2025)
Arntz, Melanie ; Baum, Myriam; Brüll, Eduard ; Wischniewski, Sascha ; Matthes, Britta ; Hartwig, Matthias; Meyer, Sophie-Charlotte; Dorau, Ralf; Schlenker, Oliver; Lehmer, Florian ; Tisch, Anita ;Zitatform
Arntz, Melanie, Myriam Baum, Eduard Brüll, Ralf Dorau, Matthias Hartwig, Florian Lehmer, Britta Matthes, Sophie-Charlotte Meyer, Oliver Schlenker, Anita Tisch & Sascha Wischniewski (2025): Digitalisierung und Wandel der Beschäftigung (DiWaBe 2.0): Eine Datengrundlage für die Erforschung von Künstlicher Intelligenz und anderer Technologien in der Arbeitswelt. (baua: Bericht), Dortmund, 48 S. DOI:10.21934/baua:bericht20250225
Abstract
"In Deutschland nutzt bereits mehr als die Hälfte der Beschäftigten Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) am Arbeitsplatz - überwiegend jedoch informell. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass viele Beschäftigte KI als hilfreiche Unterstützung wahrnehmen, zugleich aber die formelle Einführung seitens der Betriebe den Erwartungen der Beschäftigten hinterherhinkt. Der vorliegende Bericht präsentiert die Ergebnisse der DiWaBe 2.0-Befragung, einer repräsentativen Querschnittserhebung von rund 9.800 sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten in Deutschland, die im Jahr 2024 durchgeführt wurde. Ziel der Befragung ist es, eine Datengrundlage zu schaffen, um die Auswirkungen des technologischen Wandels - und insbesondere von KI - auf die Arbeitswelt abzuschätzen. Im Fokus stehen dabei vor allem Veränderungen von Tätigkeiten und Anforderungen am Arbeitsplatz, Arbeitsbedingungen und -organisation, Weiterbildungsaktivitäten sowie die Gesundheit der Beschäftigten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Nutzung von KI stark von individuellen und beruflichen Faktoren wie Berufssegment, Bildung, Alter und Geschlecht abhängt. So nutzt nur knapp ein Drittel der Beschäftigten ohne Bildungsabschluss KI, während dieser Anteil bei Beschäftigten mit Hochschul-, Meister-oder Technikerabschluss fast 80 % beträgt. Erste multivariate Analysen zeigen, dass Beschäftigte, die ihre KI-Nutzung in den letzten fünf Jahren intensiviert haben, von komplexeren Tätigkeitsanforderungen berichten, insbesondere in den Bereichen Schreiben, Programmierung und Mathematik. Zudem ist eine intensivierte KI-Nutzung mit einer höheren Arbeitsautonomie, aber auch mit einer höheren Arbeitsintensität verbunden. Es zeigt sich jedoch kein statistisch signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen der Nutzung von KI und der Gesundheit der Beschäftigten. Zudem unterscheiden sich Beschäftigte mit KI-Nutzung nicht von Nichtnutzenden hinsichtlich ihrer Teilnahme an Weiterbildung." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Low Barriers, High Stakes: Formal and Informal Diffusion of AI in the Workplace (2025)
Arntz, Melanie ; Wischniewski, Sascha ; Dorau, Ralf; Hartwig, Matthias; Tisch, Anita ; Schlenker, Oliver; Meyer, Sophie-Charlotte; Brüll, Eduard ; Baum, Myriam; Matthes, Britta ;Zitatform
Arntz, Melanie, Myriam Baum, Eduard Brüll, Ralf Dorau, Matthias Hartwig, Britta Matthes, Sophie-Charlotte Meyer, Oliver Schlenker, Anita Tisch & Sascha Wischniewski (2025): Low Barriers, High Stakes: Formal and Informal Diffusion of AI in the Workplace. (Ifo working papers 422), München, 28 S.
Abstract
"Artificial intelligence (AI) is diffusing rapidly in the workplace, yet aggregate productivity gains remain limited. This paper examines the dual diffusion of AI – through both formal, employer-led and informal, employee-initiated adoption – as potential explanation. Using a representative survey of nearly 10,000 employees in Germany, we document a high extensive but low intensive margin of usage: while 64 percent use AI tools, only 20 percent use them frequently. This diffusion is strongly skill-biased and depends less on establishment and regional characteristics. While formality is associated with more frequent usage, training, AI-based supervision, and higher perceived productivity gains, it does not broaden access. These patterns suggest that widespread informal usage can coexist with limited productivity effects when complementary investments and organizational integration lag behind." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Won’t Get Fooled Again? Theorizing Discursive Constructions of Novelty in the ‘New’ World of Work (2025)
Aroles, Jeremy ; Leclercq-Vandelannoitte, Aurelie ; Hassard, John ; Granter, Edward ; Foster, William M.;Zitatform
Aroles, Jeremy, Aurelie Leclercq-Vandelannoitte, John Hassard, William M. Foster & Edward Granter (2025): Won’t Get Fooled Again? Theorizing Discursive Constructions of Novelty in the ‘New’ World of Work. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 39, H. 4, S. 882-903. DOI:10.1177/09500170241300948
Abstract
"This article outlines how notions of novelty define today’s work practices and debates what the discursive construction of work as ‘new’ means. On the one hand, we highlight a misplaced emphasis on change and novelty that can lead to unnecessary dichotomization in the characterization and discursive construction of work practices and organizational phenomena. On the other, we specify substantive continuities in a range of strategic, organizational and employment arrangements. As such, we contend that a critical evaluation of key characteristics of contemporary work reveals that they are often not unique. Instead, these characteristics reflect the extending, rebranding or reshaping of measures and processes fashioned in earlier forms of value production. Ultimately, we theorize how the promotion of the ‘new’ world of work reflects structures and practices somehow altered in appearance, yet still analogous in substance, to those found in the traditional employment and production fabric of organizations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Impact of Aging and AI on Japan's Labor Market: Challenges and Opportunities (2025)
Asao, Kohei; Seitani, Haruki; Stepanyan, Ara; Xu, TengTeng;Zitatform
Asao, Kohei, Haruki Seitani, Ara Stepanyan & TengTeng Xu (2025): The Impact of Aging and AI on Japan's Labor Market: Challenges and Opportunities. (IMF working papers / International Monetary Fund 2025,184), Washington, DC, 17 S.
Abstract
"This paper explores the complex roles of demographic changes and technological innovation in shaping Japan's labor market. We use regression analysis to assess the impact of population aging on labor productivity and shortages. Our findings indicate that the aging workforce contributes to labor shortages and potentially weighs on labor productivity. We also investigate occupational level data to identify the complementarity and substitutability of AI in occupational tasks as well as skill transferability. Our research reveals that Japanese workers face lower exposure to AI compared to their counterparts in other advanced economies, thereby constraining AI's potential to mitigate labor shortages. Furthermore, the disparities in skill requirements across occupations with different AI exposures highlight the importance of facilitating labor mobility from displaced jobs to those in demand." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Notes on a World with Generative AI (2025)
Askitas, Nikolaos;Zitatform
Askitas, Nikolaos (2025): Notes on a World with Generative AI. (CESifo working paper 12070), München, 27 S.
Abstract
"Generative AI (GenAI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) are moving into domains once seen as uniquely human—reasoning, synthesis, abstraction, and rhetoric. Addressed to labor economists and informed readers, this paper clarifies what is truly new about LLMs, what is not, and why it matters. Using an analogy to autoregressive models from economics, we explain their stochastic nature, whose fluency is often mistaken for agency. We situate LLMs in the longer history of human–machine outsourcing, from digestion to cognition, and examine disruptive effects on white-collar labor, institutions, and epistemic norms. Risks emerge when synthetic content becomes both product and input, creating feedback loops that erode originality and reliability. Grounding the discussion in conceptual clarity over hype, we argue that while GenAI may substitute for some labor, statistical limits will preserve a key role for human judgment. The question is not only how these tools are used, but which tasks we relinquish and how we reallocate expertise in a new division of cognitive labor." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
On automation, labor reallocation and welfare (2025)
Zitatform
Auray, Stéphane & Aurélien Eyquem (2025): On automation, labor reallocation and welfare. In: Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Jg. 177. DOI:10.1016/j.jedc.2025.105129
Abstract
"We develop an open-economy model of endogenous automation with heterogeneous firms and labor-market reallocation to quantify the contribution of various trends to the adoption of robots in the U.S. economy. The decline in the relative price of robots is the major trend leading to automation, but interacts with other trends that either hinder (rising entry costs, rising markups) or slightly foster (rising labor productivity, declining trade costs) the adoption of robots. Taken alone, the decline in the relative price of robots produces moderate welfare gains in the long run, but less than labor productivity growth. We then exploit our model to show that a decline in the relative price of robots (i) generates small positive cross-country automation spillovers and (ii) produces inefficient labor-market reallocation since a small subsidy on robots combined with a training subsidy can generate small welfare gains. Our main conclusion is that automation can not be simply modeled as an exogenous decline in the price of robots, and must be analyzed in a broader framework taking into account trends affecting firms, such as the decline in business dynamism and the rise in markups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Expertise (2025)
Autor, David; Thompson, Neil;Zitatform
Autor, David & Neil Thompson (2025): Expertise. In: Journal of the European Economic Association, Jg. 23, H. 4, S. 1203-1271. DOI:10.1093/jeea/jvaf023
Abstract
"When job tasks are automated, does this augment or diminish the value of labor in the tasks that remain? We argue the answer depends on whether removing tasks raises or reduces the expertise required for remaining non-automated tasks. Since the same task may be relatively expert in one occupation and inexpert in another, automation can simultaneously replace experts in some occupations while augmenting expertise in others. We propose a conceptual model of occupational task bundling that predicts that changing occupational expertise requirements have countervailing wage and employment effects: automation that decreases expertise requirements reduces wages but permits the entry of less expert workers; automation that raises requirements raises wages but reduces the set of qualified workers. We develop a novel, content-agnostic method for measuring job task expertise, and we use it to quantify changes in occupational expertise demands over four decades attributable to job task removal and addition. We document that automation has raised wages and reduced employment in occupations where it eliminated inexpert tasks, but lowered wages and increased employment in occupations where it eliminated expert tasks. These effects are distinct from—and in the case of employment,opposite to—the effects of changing task quantities. The expertise framework resolves the puzzle of why routine task automation has lowered employment but often raised wages in routine task-intensive occupations. It provides a general tool for analyzing how task automation and new task creation reshape the scarcity value of human expertise within and across occupations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fehlzeiten-Report 2025: KI und Gesundheit - Möglichkeiten nutzen, Risiken bewältigen, Orientierung geben (2025)
Zitatform
Badura, Bernhard, Antje Ducki, Markus Meyer, Johanna Baumgardt & Helmut Schröder (Hrsg.) (2025): Fehlzeiten-Report 2025. KI und Gesundheit - Möglichkeiten nutzen, Risiken bewältigen, Orientierung geben. (Fehlzeiten-Report 27), Berlin: Springer, 735 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-662-71885-8
Abstract
"Der jährlich erscheinende Fehlzeiten-Report informiert umfassend über die Entwicklung des Krankenstandes von Beschäftigten in Deutschland. Neben detaillierten Sekundäranalysen von Versichertendaten werden empirische Studienergebnisse, zeitgemäße methodische Herangehensweisen und Leuchtturmprojekte der Betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung vorgestellt. Vor dem Hintergrund aktueller technischer Entwicklungen beleuchtet der Fehlzeiten-Report 2025 schwerpunktmäßig Chancen und Herausforderungen des Einsatzes von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in der Arbeitswelt. Er bietet einen orientierenden Überblick zu den Auswirkungen des Einsatzes von KI auf die betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung, Arbeitsumgebungen, Führung und Beschäftigte in Organisationen und erörtert aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven u.a die folgenden Fragen: - Wie kann KI so zum Einsatz gebracht werden, dass die menschlichen Fähigkeiten erweitert und gleichzeitig die Gesundheit der Beschäftigten und die individuelle Privatsphäre geschützt werden? - Wie gelingt die Entwicklung von KI-Systemen, in denen Mensch und Maschine produktiv zusammenarbeiten? - Welche wissenschaftlich fundierten Lösungsansätze zum menschen- und gesundheitszentrierten Umgang mit KI gibt es im Arbeitsschutz und der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung? Darüber hinaus liefert der Fehlzeiten-Report 2025 in gewohnter Qualität Daten und Analysen zu Fehlzeiten von Beschäftigten in Deutschland: - Aktuelle Statistiken zum Krankenstand in allen Branchen - Vergleichende Analysen nach Berufsgruppen, Bundesländern und Städten - Die wichtigsten für Arbeitsunfähigkeit verantwortlichen Krankheitsarten - Detaillierte Auswertungen u.a. zu Arbeitsunfällen, Langzeitarbeitsunfähigkeit, Burnout und Kinderkrankengeld. Zudem gibt es vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Diskussion um hohe Fehlzeiten einen Beitrag zur Einführung von Karenztagen und möglichen Effekten einer Absenkung der Lohnersatzrate." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Technical change, jobs, and wages in the global economy (2025)
Zitatform
Baldwin, Richard, Jan I. Haaland & Anthony J. Venables (2025): Technical change, jobs, and wages in the global economy. In: Journal of International Economics, Jg. 155. DOI:10.1016/j.jinteco.2025.104065
Abstract
"This paper presents a compact and intuitive framework that consolidates, simplifies, and extends results on the links between technology, trade, and labour market outcomes. It makes three main contributions. First, it presents closed-form solutions for the impacts of different types of technical change (TC) on jobs (the sectoral allocation of employment) as well as on wages, prices and output. Second, it shows that wage and employment effects are positively correlated only for certain types of TC and certain parameters, so wage and employment impacts need to be examined separately. Third, we incorporate a non-traded sector into our framework and show how employment in this sector alters results by offering a new margin of adjustment. The impact of TC on relative wages is dampened, although its sign is not changed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Systematic literature review on the digital transformation of the personnel selection process (2025)
Zitatform
Baranyi, Virág (2025): Systematic literature review on the digital transformation of the personnel selection process. In: German Journal of Human Resource Management, S. 1-32. DOI:10.1177/23970022251363012
Abstract
"Digital Transformation technologies (DT technologies) are reshaping work processes, including personnel selection, an area traditionally viewed as inherently human-centric. While prior studies have examined various digital technologies in personnel selection, they have not provided sufficient evidence on the different levels of digitalization in selection processes and the factors influencing organizations’ adoption decisions. To address these gaps, this study systematically reviews 94 Scopus-indexed studies to analyze how DT technologies are applied across selection stages, categorizing practices into Manual, Digitalized, and Digitally Transformed approaches. By further distinguishing between Digital Technologies and AI Enhancements, this study offers a structured framework for understanding how organizations integrate digital technologies into selection and what drives or hinders their adoption. The findings highlight both the benefits (efficiency gains, potential bias reduction, improved candidate experience) and challenges (ethical concerns, algorithmic bias, technical and cultural barriers, and candidate perceptions) associated with these technologies, providing insights for both academic research and HR practice." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Robotic capital - skill complementarity (2025)
Zitatform
Battisti, Michele, Massimo Del Gatto, Antonio Francesco Gravina & Christopher F. Parmeter (2025): Robotic capital - skill complementarity. In: Macroeconomic Dynamics, Jg. 29, S. e54. DOI:10.1017/s1365100524000567
Abstract
"Relying upon an original (country-sector-year) measure of robotic capital (RK), we investigate the degree of complementarity/substitutability between robots and workers at different skill levels. We employ nonparametric methods to estimate elasticity of substitution patterns between RK and skilled/unskilled labor over the period 1995–2009. We show that: i) on average, RK exhibits less substitutability with skilled workers compared to unskilled workers, indicating a phenomenon of “RK-Skill complementarity”. This pattern holds in a global context characterized by significant heterogeneity; ii) the dynamic of “RK-Skill complementarity” has increased since the early 2000s; iii) the observed strengthening is more prominent in OECD countries, as opposed to non-OECD countries, and in the Manufacturing sector, compared to non-Manufacturing industries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ethical Integration in Public Sector AI. The Case of Algorithmic Systems in the Public Employment Service in Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Bauer, Bernhard, Sabrina Mühlbauer, Kerstin Schlögl-Flierl, Enzo Weber & Paula Ziethmann (2025): Ethical Integration in Public Sector AI. The Case of Algorithmic Systems in the Public Employment Service in Germany. (IAB-Discussion Paper 12/2025), Nürnberg, 32 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.DP.2512
Abstract
"Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit der ethischen Gestaltung von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) im öffentlichen Sektor, wobei der Fokus auf den öffentlichen Arbeitsverwaltungen liegt. Während KI zunehmend zur effizienteren Gestaltung von Verwaltungsprozessen und zur Verbesserung der Dienstleistungserbringung eingesetzt wird, wirft ihre Anwendung in der Arbeitsvermittlung grundlegende Fragen hinsichtlich Fairness, Rechenschaftspflicht und demokratischer Legitimität auf. Das EU-Gesetz zur Künstlichen Intelligenz (EU AI Act) unterstreicht die Dringlichkeit der Bewältigung dieser Herausforderungen, indem es KI-Systeme, die die Arbeitsvermittlung betreffen, als risikoreich einstuft und damit strenge Schutzmaßnahmen vorschreibt, um Diskriminierung zu verhindern und Transparenz zu gewährleisten. Das zentrale Ziel dieser Studie ist es zu untersuchen, wie ethische und soziale Überlegungen systematisch in die Entwicklung und Umsetzung von KI im öffentlichen Sektor eingebunden werden können. Anhand der deutschen öffentlichen Arbeitsverwaltung als Fallstudie stellen wir den Ansatz „Embedded Ethics and Social Sciences” (EE) vor. Dieser Ansatz integriert ethische Überlegungen und den Bezug zur Praxis bereits in die Entwicklung des Modells. Qualitative Erkenntnisse aus Interviews mit Vermittlungsfachkräften verdeutlichen die soziotechnischen Herausforderungen der Umsetzung, insbesondere die Notwendigkeit, Effizienz mit dem Vertrauen der Bürger:innen in Einklang zu bringen. Auf der Grundlage dieser Erkenntnisse geben wir Empfehlungen für die Gestaltung von KI-Systemen, welche sich aus der Integration ethischer und sozialer Überlegungen in die Systementwicklung ergeben. In diesem Zusammenhang diskutieren wir Fragen der Datenethik und Bias, der Fairness und der Rolle erklärbarer KI (XAI). Unsere Analyse zeigt, dass der EE-Ansatz nicht nur die Einhaltung neuer regulatorischer Anforderungen unterstützt, sondern auch die menschliche Aufsicht, die Handlungsfähigkeit und gemeinsame Entscheidungsfindung stärken kann. So deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass ein ethisch fundiertes Design Fairness, Transparenz und Legitimität in verschiedenen Bereichen der öffentlichen Verwaltung erhöhen kann und somit zu einer verantwortungsvolleren und bürgernahen Umsetzung im digitalen Zeitalter beiträgt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Digital Nomads, the New Frontier of Work in the Digital Age: A Bibliometric Analysis (2025)
Zitatform
Başaran, Altan (2025): Digital Nomads, the New Frontier of Work in the Digital Age: A Bibliometric Analysis. In: Sustainability, Jg. 17, H. 5. DOI:10.3390/su17051906
Abstract
"Digital nomadism is more than just a tourism idea. It represents a new working paradigm in which digital trends are transforming relationships between employers, work, and employees. Our study focuses on digital nomadism and the platforms that enable remote work relationships, which are the result of digitalization. The present study seeks to identify the current research trends and to rationalize future research opportunities in regards to digital nomads. To this end, a bibliometric analysis of available literature from the Scopus and Web of Science databases between 2006 and 2024 will be conducted. The study uses RStudio version 2024.12.0 Build 467 and Biblioshiny as tools to perform the bibliometric analysis of the extracted data. The research findings indicate that the publication of articles demonstrated an annual growth rate of 26.31% between 2006 and 2024. The average number of citations per document is 11.19. The UK, Portugal, Spain, and the USA are the most prominent contributors to digital nomad literature. Even though the conceptual discussions of this phenomenon are carried out in different disciplines, bibliometric analysis is used in our study to observe the areas in which the subject attracts attention in the academic literature and to predict the trends for the future." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Intersecting Shocks: The Combined Labor Market Impacts of Automation and Immigration (2025)
Bennett, Patrick; Johnsen, Julian Vedeler;Zitatform
Bennett, Patrick & Julian Vedeler Johnsen (2025): Intersecting Shocks: The Combined Labor Market Impacts of Automation and Immigration. (CESifo working paper 12217), München, 41 S.
Abstract
"We study how the labor market shocks of automation and immigration interact to shape workers' outcomes. Using matched employer –employee data from Norwegian administrative registers, we combine animmigration shock triggered by the European Union's 2004 enlargement with an automation shock based on the adoption of industrial robots across Europe. Although these shocks largely occur in separate industries, we show that automation reduces earnings not only in manufacturing but also in construction, where tasks overlap with robot-exposed sectors. Importantly, workers jointly exposed to automation and immigration suffer earnings losses greater than those facing either shock in isolation. These losses are driven by downward occupational mobility into low-wage services and re-sorting into lower-premium firms. Even within the Norwegian welfare system, the ability of social insurance to offset these long-run earnings declines is limited. Our findings underscore the importance of analyzing labor market shocks jointly, rather than in isolation, to fully understand their distributional consequences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Training or Retiring? How Labor Markets Adjust to Trade and Technology Shocks (2025)
Zitatform
Bertermann, Alexander, Wolfgang Dauth, Jens Suedekum & Ludger Wößmann (2025): Training or Retiring? How Labor Markets Adjust to Trade and Technology Shocks. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 18247), Bonn, 47 S.
Abstract
"How do firms and workers adjust to trade and technology shocks? We analyze two mechanisms that have received little attention: training that upgrades skills and early retirement that shifts adjustment costs to public pension systems. We combine novel data on training participation and early retirement in German local labor markets with established measures of exposure to trade competition and robot adoption. Results indicate that negative trade shocks reduce Training - particularly in manufacturing - while robot exposure increases Training - particularly in indirectly affected services. Both shocks raise early retirement among manufacturing workers. Structural change thus induces both productivity-enhancing and productivity-reducing responses, challenging simple narratives of labor market adaptation and highlighting the scope for policy to promote adjustment mechanisms conducive to aggregate productivity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
IKT-Branchenbild 2024: Volkswirtschaftliche Kennzahlen, Innovations- und Gründungsgeschehen (2025)
Zitatform
Bertschek, Irene, Thomas Niebel, Christian Rammer & Robin Sack (2025): IKT-Branchenbild 2024. Volkswirtschaftliche Kennzahlen, Innovations- und Gründungsgeschehen. (IKT-Branchenbild ... / Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz 2024), Berlin, 32 S.
Abstract
"Als Anbieter innovativer Produkte und Dienstleistungen stellt die Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologiebranche (IKT-Branche) einen entscheidenden Treiber der Digitalisierung der gesamten deutschen Wirtschaft dar. Das IKT-Branchenbild 2024 beleuchtet auch in diesem Jahr die volkswirtschaftliche Bedeutung sowie das Innovations- und Gründungsgeschehen der IKT-Branche und ordnet die Erkenntnisse im Rahmen eines Vergleichs mit anderen Branchen der deutschen Wirtschaft ein. Die IKT-Branche teilt sich in die beiden Teilbereiche Hardware und Dienstleistungen. Im Jahr 2023 zählten dazu knapp 1,5 Millionen Erwerbstätige, die sich auf rund 100.000 Unternehmen verteilten. Damit stieg die Zahl der sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten und Selbstständigen im Vorjahresvergleich um knapp 33.000. Im selben Zeitraum sank die Zahl der Unternehmen leicht um rund 1.000." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The dynamics of automation adoption: Firm-level heterogeneity and aggregate employment effects (2025)
Zitatform
Bisio, Laura, Angelo Cuzzola, Marco Grazzi & Daniele Moschella (2025): The dynamics of automation adoption: Firm-level heterogeneity and aggregate employment effects. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 173. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104943
Abstract
"We investigate the impact of investment in automation-related goods on adopting and non-adopting firms in the Italian economy during 2011–2019. We integrate datasets on trade activities, firms’, and workers’ characteristics for the population of Italian importing firms and estimate the effects on adopters ’ outcomes within a difference-in-differences design exploiting import lumpiness in product categories linked to automation technologies (including robots). We find a positive average adoption effect on the adopters’ employment: firms are, on average, around 3% larger in terms of employment after an automation spike. Crucially, the employment effect is heterogeneous across firms: a positive effect is predominant among small firms, which are around 5% larger five years after the spike; on the contrary, a negative displacement effect is predominant among medium and large firms, with an employment contraction at five years of around -4%. This result can shed light on one potential reason behind the mixed results in the literature, i.e. different size distribution of the samples used. We complete the framework with a 5-digit sector-level analysis showing that adopting automation technologies has an overall weak negative effect on aggregate employment, and with an analysis of the competition effects of automation, showing that non-adopters suffer a loss in sales and employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Displaced or depressed? Working in automatable jobs and mental health (2025)
Zitatform
Blasco, Sylvie, Julie Rochut & Benedicte Rouland (2025): Displaced or depressed? Working in automatable jobs and mental health. In: Industrial Relations, Jg. 64, H. 1, S. 40-76. DOI:10.1111/irel.12356
Abstract
"Automation may destroy jobs and change the labor demand structure, thereby potentially impacting workers' mental health. Implementing propensity score matching on French individual survey data, we find that working in an automatable job is associated with a 3 pp increase in the probability of suffering from mental disorders. Fear of automation through fear of job loss, expectation of a required change in skills, and fear of unwanted job mobility seem to be relevant channels to explain the findings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Re‐Skilling in the Age of Skill Shortage: Adult Education Rather Than Active Labor Market Policy (2025)
Zitatform
Bonoli, Giuliano, Patrick Emmenegger & Alina Felder-Stindt (2025): Re‐Skilling in the Age of Skill Shortage: Adult Education Rather Than Active Labor Market Policy. In: Regulation and governance, S. 1-13. DOI:10.1111/rego.70065
Abstract
"European economies face the task of providing the necessary skills for the “twin transition ” in a period of skill shortage. As a result, we may expect countries to reorient their labor market policy towards re-skilling. We look for evidence of a reorientation in two relevant policy fields: active labor market policy (ALMP) and adult education (AE). We explore general trends in both fields based on quantitative indicators and compare recent policy developments in four countries with strong ALMP and AE sectors: Denmark, France, Germany, and Sweden. We do not observe clear evidence of a general movement away from activation and towards re-skilling in ALMP. However, in AE, we identify several re-skilling initiatives that address skill shortages. Relying on insights from queuing theories of hiring and training, we argue that due to changes in the population targeted by ALMP, the locus of re-skilling policy is increasingly moving towards AE." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Beliefs about Bots: How Employers Plan for AI in White-Collar Work (2025)
Zitatform
Brull, Eduard, Samuel Maurer & Davud Rostam-Afschar (2025): Beliefs about Bots: How Employers Plan for AI in White-Collar Work. (arXiv papers), 11 S.
Abstract
"We provide experimental evidence on how employers adjust expectations to automation risk in high-skill, white-collar work. Using a randomized information intervention among tax advisors in Germany, we show that firms systematically underestimate automatability. Information provision raises risk perceptions, especially for routine-intensive roles. Yet, it leaves short-run hiring plans unchanged. Instead, updated beliefs increase productivity and financial expectations with minor wage adjustments, implying within-firm inequality like limited rent-sharing. Employers also anticipate new tasks in legal tech, compliance, and AI interaction, and report higher training and adoption intentions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Canaries in the Coal Mine? Six Facts about the Recent Employment Effects of Artificial Intelligence (2025)
Zitatform
Brynjolfsson, Erik, Bharat Chandar & Ruyu Chen (2025): Canaries in the Coal Mine? Six Facts about the Recent Employment Effects of Artificial Intelligence. (Working Papers / Stanford Digital Economy Lab), Stanford, 57 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines changes in the labor market for occupations exposed to generative artificial intelligence using high-frequency administrative data from the largest payroll software provider in the United States. We present six facts that characterize these shifts. We find that since the widespread adoption of generative AI, early-career workers (ages 22-25) in the most AI-exposed occupations have experienced a 13 percent relative decline in employment even after controlling for firm-level shocks. In contrast, employment for workers in less exposed fields and more experienced workers in the same occupations has remained stable or continued to grow. We also find that adjustments occur primarily through employment rather than compensation. Furthermore, employment declines are concentrated in occupations where AI is more likely to automate, rather than augment, human labor. Our results are robust to alternative explanations, such as excluding technology-related firms and excluding occupations amenable to remote work. These six facts provide early, large-scale evidence consistent with the hypothesis that the AI revolution is beginning to have a significant and disproportionate impact on entry-level workers in the American labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Digitalisierung der Wirtschaft in Deutschland: Kompetenzbarometer: Fachkräftesituation in Digitalisierungsberufen – Beschäftigungsaufbau und Fachkräftemangel bis 2028: Eine Studie im Projekt (Nr. 3/19) „Entwicklung und Messung der Digitalisierung der Wirtschaft am Standort Deutschland“ im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz (BMWK) (2025)
Burstedde, Alexander; Tiedemann, Jurek;Zitatform
Burstedde, Alexander & Jurek Tiedemann (2025): Digitalisierung der Wirtschaft in Deutschland: Kompetenzbarometer: Fachkräftesituation in Digitalisierungsberufen – Beschäftigungsaufbau und Fachkräftemangel bis 2028. Eine Studie im Projekt (Nr. 3/19) „Entwicklung und Messung der Digitalisierung der Wirtschaft am Standort Deutschland“ im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz (BMWK). Köln, 28 S.
Abstract
"Digitalisierungsberufe sind für den Erfolg der digitalen Transformation von essenzieller Bedeutung. Sie beschreiben Kompetenzprofile, die benötigt werden, um neue digitale Schlüsseltechnologien zu entwickeln und herzustellen oder durch vertiefte technische Kenntnisse und Fertigkeiten deren Nutzung und Verbreitung zu realisieren. Das beinhaltet nicht nur Kompetenzen in Informatik, sondern auch in Elektronik und anderen Bereichen. Diese Studie beschreibt die potenzielle Entwicklung von Beschäftigung und Fachkräftelücke bis 2028, wenn sich die Trends der Jahre 2017 bis 2023 weiter fortsetzen würden." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Ergänzende Informationen -
Literaturhinweis
Automation and segmentation: Downgrading employment quality among the former “insiders” of Western European labour markets (2025)
Zitatform
Buzzelli, Gregorio (2025): Automation and segmentation: Downgrading employment quality among the former “insiders” of Western European labour markets. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 34, H. 2. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.70011
Abstract
"The literature on labor market segmentation traditionally looks at servitisation as the main structural driver behind the rise of employment precariousness, overlooking another crucial engine of the knowledge-economy transition: the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) revolution. This paper proposes a task-based approach to complement the skill-biased framework usually applied to labor market segmentation, investigating the correlation between occupational exposure to the risk of automation and low-quality employment. The empirical analysis, based on 14 countries sampled from ESS (2002–2018), shows a strong correlation between technological replaceability and low income across all of Western Europe, especially after the Great Recession, while its association with atypical employment is mainly driven by fixed-term contracts in Central and Southern Europe and by part-time arrangements in Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian countries. Overall, a “recalibrated” dualisation emerges in Western European labor markets, characterized by the diffusion of low labor earnings and atypical contracts among mid-skill routine workers, besides the low-skill service precariat." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
KI-Jobs in Deutschland: Stagnation statt Boom: Eine Analyse von Online-Stellenanzeigen (2025)
Büchel, Jan; Engler, Jan Felix; Mertens, Armin;Zitatform
Büchel, Jan, Jan Felix Engler & Armin Mertens (2025): KI-Jobs in Deutschland: Stagnation statt Boom. Eine Analyse von Online-Stellenanzeigen. 22 S. DOI:10.11586/2025025
Abstract
"Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) ist eine zentrale Zukunftstechnologie, die mehr Effizienz und Produktivität in Unternehmen ermöglichen kann. Vor dem Hintergrund der angespannten wirtschaftlichen Lage Deutschlands und dem vorliegenden demografiebedingten Fachkräftemangel sollten Unternehmen das Potenzial von KI nutzen, um ihre Wettbewerbsfähigkeit zu stärken. Positiv ist, dass im Jahr 2024 etwa jedes fünfte Unternehmen in Deutschland angibt, KI bereits zu nutzen. Der KI-Einsatz benötigt dabei neue Kompetenzen, beispielsweise wenn Unternehmen KI-Lösungen selbst entwickeln möchten. Auch wenn zugekaufte KI-Lösungen im Unternehmen angewendet werden, entstehen Kompetenzbedarfe. Um die Bedarfe der Unternehmen zu erfassen, hat das Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft im Auftrag der Bertelsmann Stiftung Online-Stellenanzeigen mit Bezug zu KI aus den Jahren 2019 bis 2024 analysiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Zusammenfassung der Studie -
Literaturhinweis
Cybersicherheit: Kompetenzen gefragter denn je (2025)
Büchel, Jan; Engler, Jan; Engels, Barbara;Zitatform
Büchel, Jan, Barbara Engels & Jan Engler (2025): Cybersicherheit: Kompetenzen gefragter denn je. (IW-Kurzberichte / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln 2025,39), Köln, 3 S.
Abstract
"Cyberangriffe treffen deutsche Unternehmen immer stärker – und die reagieren. Zwischen 2019 und 2024 hat sich die Zahl der Online-Stellenanzeigen, in denen Cybersicherheitskompetenzen gefordert werden, von 117.000 auf 203.000 deutlich erhöht. Kompetenzen rund um digitale Sicherheit sind für eine funktionierende Wirtschaft und Verwaltung zentral geworden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Why hours worked decline less after technology shocks? (2025)
Zitatform
Cardi, Olivier & Romain Restout (2025): Why hours worked decline less after technology shocks? In: Journal of International Economics, Jg. 157. DOI:10.1016/j.jinteco.2025.104095
Abstract
"The contractionary effect of technology shocks on hours gradually vanishes over time in OECD countries. To rationalize the decline in hours and its disappearance, we use a VAR-based decomposition of technology shocks into symmetric and asymmetric technology improvements. While hours decline dramatically when technology improves at the same rate across sectors, hours significantly increase when technology improvements occur at different rates. Because they are primarily driven by symmetric technology improvements, permanent technology shocks drive down total hours. Such a decline progressively vanishes due to the growing importance of asymmetric technology shocks. To reach these two conclusions, we simulate a two-sector model which can reproduce the contractionary effect on hours once the economy is internationally open and we allow for production factors’ mobility costs, factor-biased technological change, and home bias. To account for the vanishing decline in hours, we have to let the share of asymmetric technology shocks increase over time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Technological innovations and workers’ job insecurity: the moderating role of human resource strategies (2025)
Zitatform
Caselli, Mauro, Andrea Fracasso, Arianna Marcolin & Sergio Scicchitano (2025): Technological innovations and workers’ job insecurity: the moderating role of human resource strategies. In: Journal of industrial and business economics, Jg. 52, H. 1, S. 153-176. DOI:10.1007/s40812-024-00329-w
Abstract
"In this paper, we empirically assess the impact of firms’ technological innovations on the workers’ perceived probability of job loss. We take advantage of a unique dataset based on a large and representative cross-sectional survey covering several characteristics of Italian workers and their firms. We find that a firm ’s technological adoption reduces job insecurity among its surviving workers, and the effect is stronger when the innovation makes tasks simpler and their execution more precise. We also find that the relationship between technological innovation and job insecurity is moderated by human resource strategies, such as training programs, labor-saving automation and dismissal plans adopted after the introduction of the innovation. Thus, workers’ perceptions of job insecurity vary significantly across innovative firms, and firms’ human resource strategies act as arelevant moderating factors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
What workers and robots do: An activity-based analysis of the impact of robotization on changes in local employment (2025)
Zitatform
Caselli, Mauro, Andrea Fracasso, Sergio Scicchitano, Silvio Traverso & Enrico Tundis (2025): What workers and robots do: An activity-based analysis of the impact of robotization on changes in local employment. In: Research Policy, Jg. 54, H. 1. DOI:10.1016/j.respol.2024.105135
Abstract
"This work investigates the impact that changes in the local exposure to robots had on changes in Italian employment over the period 2011–2018. It contributes to the debate by providing novel and granular evidence on the impact of robot adoption on new activity-based groups of occupations and by focusing on the overlap between the functional similarities of robot applications and occupations. This framework, consistently centered on workers ’ and robots’ activities, reveals highly heterogeneous effects of robotization, ranging from positive to negative across different groups of occupations, thereby supporting a nuanced and granular reading of this debated phenomenon. In particular, the local share of robot operators increases where the increase in robot adoption is larger, while the local share of workers using intensively their torso decreases." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Different status, same demands? The social policy preferences of platform workers in OECD countries (2025)
Zitatform
Chueri, Juliana & Marius R. Busemeyer (2025): Different status, same demands? The social policy preferences of platform workers in OECD countries. In: Competition and Change, S. 1-18. DOI:10.1177/10245294251318440
Abstract
"Platform work has introduced a new dimension of precarity in the labor market, as platform workers face high labor market risks and have limited access to social protection. The expansion of this employment status raises the question of whether platform workers have distinct social policy preferences from workers with similar socioeconomic backgrounds who are not employed in the platform economy. This paper empirically examines how and under what circumstances the social policy preferences of platform workers differ from those of other workers. We find that platform workers are more likely to demand more compensatory labor market policies than regular workers. Also, they are more likely to demand more social investment-type policies than regular and atypical workers who do not engage in the platform economy. We also find evidence for contextual effects: whereas welfare state generosity is associated with weaker demand from platform workers for compensatory labor market policies, it is associated with higher support for social investment. Our results suggest that the expansion of platform work will fuel demands for welfare expansion, specifically focusing on social investment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How welfare states influence online platform work in Europe (2025)
Zitatform
Chueri, Juliana & Petter Törnberg (2025): How welfare states influence online platform work in Europe. In: Journal of European Social Policy, S. 1-17. DOI:10.1177/09589287251357463
Abstract
"Digital labor platforms are reshaping global labor markets by enabling the transnational contracting of service workers. While the dominant perspective emphasizes market forces, predicting that lower-wage countries will dominate the supply side, this view overlooks the institutional context in which platform labor emerges. This paper advances the argument that national welfare institutions are key to shaping participation in the platform economy. We provide the first large-scale cross-national comparative analysis of platform labor, combining micro-level data from one of the world’s largest remote work platforms with country-level indicators from 26 European countries. In line with market expectations, we find that lower-wage countries supply most low-skilled labor, while higher-wage countries show a more balanced distribution between low- and high-skilled workers. Crucially, however, our analysis reveals that greater welfare state generosity is associated with lower levels of platform participation, especially in low-skilled occupations. We argue that platform labor cannot be understood solely as a function of technological change or wage differentials. It is also an expression of structural constraints: where social protections are weak, people are more likely to turn to precarious forms of online work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The EU compromise machine and the politicisation of social policy: Lessons from the regulation of platform work (2025)
Zitatform
Crespy, Amandine, Bastian Kenn, Matteo Marenco & Slavina Spasova (2025): The EU compromise machine and the politicisation of social policy: Lessons from the regulation of platform work. In: Journal of European Social Policy, S. 1-16. DOI:10.1177/09589287251345912
Abstract
"Over the past few years, the legal status and the working conditions of platform workers have been among the most debated manifestations of the digital transformation of work. Tense negotiations on the EU platform work directive (from 2021 to 2024) epitomize long-standing conflicts in EU social policymaking, namely the opposition between capital and labor, on the one hand, and resistance to EU involvement or impact on Member States’ social arrangements, on the other. This paper provides an in-depth inquiry of the policy process by focussing specifically on the presumption of employment in platform work, which was first proposed as an EU-wide provision and eventually nationalized with its definition left to national arrangements. Drawing on this case and mobilizing the literature on positive integration entrepreneurship, and politicization, we shed light on the ‘drivers’ and ‘inhibitors’ of EU social regulation. On the one hand, we provide evidence that joint entrepreneurship of the European Parliament (EP) and the European Commission is a primary driver and argue for acknowledging the role of the EP as a key entrepreneur of ‘Social Europe’. On the other hand, divisions in the Council, underpinned by domestic politics, hinder ambitious social policy regulation at EU level in several respects. Furthermore, we tease out the role of politicization and theorize its ambivalent role as both a driver and inhibitor, depending on contingent party political orientations, contextual factors, but also the role played by Council presidencies, so far overlooked in the literature. We conclude that the drivers and inhibitors we identify, and the resulting dynamics of compromise, are relevant beyond the case of platform work. While stressing the crucial, yet ambivalent, role of politicization, our findings cast a shadow on what has recently been described as a great come back of ‘Social Europe’ with the European Pillar of Social Rights." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Equalising the effects of automation? The role of task overlap for job finding (2025)
Zitatform
Dabed, Diego, Sabrina Genz & Emilie Rademakers (2025): Equalising the effects of automation? The role of task overlap for job finding. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 96. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102766
Abstract
"This paper investigates whether task overlap can equalise the distributional effects of automation for unemployed job seekers displaced from routine jobs. Using a language model, we establish a novel job-to-job task similarity measure. Exploiting the resulting job network to define job markets flexibly, we find that only the most similar jobs affect job finding. Since automation-exposed jobs overlap with other highly exposed jobs, task-based reallocation provides little relief for affected job seekers. We show that this is not true for more recent software exposure, for which task overlap lowers the inequality in job finding." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published byElsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Establishment size and the task content of jobs: evidence from 46 countries (2025)
Zitatform
De Vera, Micole & Javier Garcia‐Brazales (2025): Establishment size and the task content of jobs: evidence from 46 countries. In: Economica, Jg. 92, H. 366, S. 548-579. DOI:10.1111/ecca.12563
Abstract
"Using a mix of household- and employer-based survey data from 46 countries, we provide novel evidence that workers in larger establishments perform more non-routine analytical tasks, even within narrowly defined occupations. Moreover, workers in larger establishments rely more on the use of information and communication technologies to perform these tasks. We also document a 15% raw wage premium that workers in larger establishments enjoy relative to their counterparts in smaller establishments. A mediation analysis shows that our novel empirical facts on the task content of jobs are able to explain 5–20% of the establishment size wage premium, a similar fraction to what can be explained by selection of workers on education, gender and age." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Future of Jobs Report 2025: Insight Report (2025)
Di Battista, Attilio; Leopold, Till; Grayling, Sam; Li, Ricky; Játiva, Ximena; Sharma, Shuvasish; Zahidi, Saadia;Zitatform
Di Battista, Attilio, Sam Grayling, Ximena Játiva, Till Leopold, Ricky Li, Shuvasish Sharma & Saadia Zahidi (2025): Future of Jobs Report 2025. Insight Report. (The future of jobs report), Cologny/Geneva, 289 S.
Abstract
"Over the past decade, the World Economic Forum’s bi-annual Future of Jobs Report has followed evolving technological, societal and economic trends to understand occupational disruption and identify opportunities for workers to transition to the jobs of the future. As we enter 2025, the landscape of work continues to evolve at a rapid pace. Transformational breakthroughs, particularly in generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), are reshaping industries and tasks across all sectors. These technological advances, however, are converging with a broader array of challenges, including economic volatility, geoeconomic realignments, environmental challenges and evolving societal expectations. In response, this fifth edition of the Future of Jobs Report expands its focus, offering a comprehensive analysis of the interconnected trends shaping the global labor market. Central to the report is a unique dataset derived from an extensive survey of global employers. This year’s edition captures the perspectives of over 1,000 employers – representing more than 14 million workers across 22 industry clusters and 55 economies – providing unparalleled insights into the emerging jobs landscape for the 2025-2030 period. These perspectives are further enriched by research collaborations and data partnerships with ADP, Coursera, Indeed and LinkedIn, whose innovative data and analysis complement the survey findings." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Key findings -
Literaturhinweis
Using Google search data to examine factory automation and its effect on employment (2025)
Zitatform
Diebold, Céline (2025): Using Google search data to examine factory automation and its effect on employment. In: Economic analysis and policy, Jg. 86, S. 1301-1328. DOI:10.1016/j.eap.2025.03.042
Abstract
"This paper revisits the link between robot adoption and employment across more than 100 European regions over a period of five years. A simple model is provided arguing that interest in robots precedes the actual deployment of robots. Thus, a novel instrument is introduced: interest in automation revealed by Google searches. This allows for a tentatively causal interpretation of the results. A small, yet significant positive aggregate effect is identified, along with heterogeneous effects across sex and educational attainment. The local effect on aggregate employment tends to be roughly twice as large as the spillover effect on neighbouring regions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Economic Society of Australia (Queensland) Inc.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Macroeconomic and Labor Market Drivers of AI Adoption in Europe: A Machine Learning and Panel Data Approach (2025)
Zitatform
Drago, Carlo, Alberto Costantiello, Marco Savorgnan & Angelo Leogrande (2025): Macroeconomic and Labor Market Drivers of AI Adoption in Europe: A Machine Learning and Panel Data Approach. In: Economies, Jg. 13, H. 8. DOI:10.3390/economies13080226
Abstract
"This article investigates the macroeconomic and labor market conditions that shape the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies among large firms in Europe. Based on panel data econometrics and supervised machine learning techniques, we estimate how public health spending, access to credit, export activity, gross capital formation, inflation, openness to trade, and labor market structure influence the share of firms that adopt at least one AI technology. The research covers all 28 EU members between 2018 and 2023. We employ a set of robustness checks using a combination of fixed-effects, random-effects, and dynamic panel data specifications supported by Clustering and supervised learning techniques. We find that AI adoption is linked to higher GDP per capita, healthcare spending, inflation, and openness to trade but lower levels of credit, exports, and capital formation. Labor markets with higher proportions of salaried work, service occupations, and self-employment are linked to AI diffusion, while unemployment and vulnerable work are detractors. Cluster analysis identifies groups of EU members with similar adoption patterns that are usually underpinned by stronger economic and institutional fundamentals. The results collectively suggest that AI diffusion is shaped not only by technological preparedness and capabilities to invest but by inclusive macroeconomic conditions and equitable labor institutions. Targeted policy measures can accelerate the equitable adoption of AI technologies within the European industrial economy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Artificial intelligence and labor market outcomes: AI has created new jobs to meet digital and automation needs, and those equipped with AI capital enjoy increased employment and wages (2025)
Zitatform
Drydakis, Nick (2025): Artificial intelligence and labor market outcomes. AI has created new jobs to meet digital and automation needs, and those equipped with AI capital enjoy increased employment and wages. (IZA world of labor 514), Bonn, o. S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.514
Abstract
"AI is reshaping the labor market by creating new jobs and increasing competition for high-skilled roles, benefiting those with AI capital. While AI may boost productivity in certain jobs, it also widens the gap between high- and low-skilled employees. Less-educated employees face higher risks of displacement and reduced income. Additionally, AI introduces challenges related to workforce adaptability, trust, ethics, and transparency, which negatively impact employees' job realities. Policymakers should navigate these changes to maximize the benefits of AI while mitigating its adverse effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Narrowing the digital divide: Economic and social convergence in Europe’s digital transformation (2025)
Duff, Cían; Soldi, Rossella; Hyland, Marie; Cavallini, Simona; Peruffo, Eleonora; Krieg, Marielena;Zitatform
Duff, Cían, Marie Hyland, Marielena Krieg, Eleonora Peruffo, Simona Cavallini & Rossella Soldi (2025): Narrowing the digital divide. Economic and social convergence in Europe’s digital transformation. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Dublin, 822 S. DOI:10.2806/1764165
Abstract
"Digitalization has been on the EU policy agenda since 2000. While great strides have been made in this area over the past two decades, the digital transformation is not yet complete. This report seeks to deepen our understanding of the evolution towards a digital Europe. By applying the lens of convergence, the report assesses the progress of Member States towards the EU ’s policy targets, where Member States are growing together and wheredigital gaps are expanding. It also considers the gaps in the progress of digitalization between socioeconomic groups and regions. According to almost all indicators analysed, historically lower-performing Member States have been catching up with the digital leaders. However, at a more granular level, digitalization of businesses has been uneven and significant inequalities persist between regions and socioeconomic groups. The report shines a light on the role of digitalization in the EU’s economic convergence and considers the progress in and benefits of digitalisation for the private sector. The findings show that access is still an issue for vulnerable groups, in particular low-income households, older individuals and those with lower levels of education. Importantly, these are the groups that are more reliant on public services, and they may struggle to access e-government. While progress is being made, some groups remain at risk of being left behind in the digital transition. Considering this, the report highlights a range of policy approaches being deployed across Europe that aim to narrow the digital divide." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Industrial robots and employment change in manufacturing: A decomposition analysis (2025)
Zitatform
Eder, Andreas, Wolfgang Koller & Bernhard Mahlberg (2025): Industrial robots and employment change in manufacturing: A decomposition analysis. In: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Jg. 74, S. 591-602. DOI:10.1016/j.strueco.2025.05.014
Abstract
"This paper examines the contribution of industrial robots to employment change in manufacturing in a sample of 17 European countries and the USA over the period 2004 to 2019. We combine index decomposition analysis (IDA) and production-theoretical decomposition analysis (PDA). First, we use IDA to decompose employment change in the manufacturing industry into changes in (aggregate) manufacturing output, changes in the sectoral structure of the manufacturing industry, and changes in labor intensity (the inverse of labor productivity) which is a composite index of labour intensity change within each of the nine sub-sectors of total manufacturing. Second, we use PDA to further decompose labor intensity change to isolate the contribution of technical efficiency change, technological change, human capital change, change in non-robot capital intensity and change in robot capital intensity to employment change. In almost all of the countries considered, labour intensity is falling in entire manufacturing, exerting a dampening effect on employment. Robotization contributes to this development by reducing labor intensities and employment in all countries and sub-sectors, though to varying degrees. Manufacturing output, in turn, grows in all countries except Greece, Spain and Italy, which increases employment and counteracts or in some countries even more than offsets the dampening effect of declining labor intensities. The structural change within manufacturing has an almost neutral effect in many countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.) ((en))
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