Migration und Integration
Bei dem Thema Einwanderung nach Deutschland gilt es auch die Bedingungen einer gelingenden Integration von Zugewanderten in Gesellschaft, Bildung und Arbeit zu untersuchen. Die Arbeitsmarktforschung beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie die Integration in das Bildungs- und Ausbildungssystem, der Zugang zum Arbeitsmarkt sowie die Bedingungen der sozialen Teilhabe und kulturellen Integration verbessert werden können.
Aktuelle Studien zeigen zudem, dass Deutschland angesichts seiner demographischen Herausforderungen dringend auf Zuwanderung angewiesen ist. Inwiefern kann Zuwanderung der Schrumpfung und Alterung des Erwerbspersonenpotenzials entgegenwirken? Welche Entwicklungen in der nationalen und europäischen Einwanderungspolitik begünstigen die Einwanderung von Erwerbspersonen und Fachkräften? Die hier zusammengestellte Literatur bietet einen aktuellen und umfassenden Überblick über den Themenkomplex Migration und Integration.
Literatur zum Thema Flucht und Asyl finden Sie in unserer IAB-Infoplattform Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten - Bildung und Arbeitsmarkt.
Zurück zur Übersicht- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Einwanderungspolitik
- Auswirkungen von Migration
- Wanderungsmotivation und Rückwanderung
- Arbeitslosigkeit und Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Qualifikation, Bildung und Beschäftigung
- Integration und soziale Teilhabe
- internationale Aspekte
- Personengruppen
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Literaturhinweis
Migration policies and migrant employment outcomes: conceptual analysis and comparative evidence for Europe (2014)
Cangiano, Alessio;Zitatform
Cangiano, Alessio (2014): Migration policies and migrant employment outcomes. Conceptual analysis and comparative evidence for Europe. In: Comparative Migration Studies, Jg. 2, H. 4, S. 417-443. DOI:10.5117/CMS2014.4.CANG
Abstract
"While a number of studies explored the demographic and human capital attributes affecting migrant socio-economic assimilation, less is known about the role of immigration status on entry. In particular, little evidence exists on the employment outcomes of migrants admitted outside economic immigration channels (family, study, asylum or permit-free) and joining the labour market once in the country of destination. This paper addresses this knowledge gap. Its conceptual framework for understanding how immigration status on arrival influences access to the labour market highlights the role of selectivity mechanisms and of different rights and constraints characterizing the legal situation of migrants who enter via different admission routes. The empirical analysis builds on original estimates of the migrant workforce by immigration status on entry based on the 2008 Ad-Hoc Module of the EU Labour Force Survey. Logistic regressions show that immigration status on arrival affects the participation in the labour market, the probability of being unemployed and the access to a job commensurate to the migrant skills. While the participation of family migrants and refugees in the labour market is positively associated with their length of stay, these categories retain a significant unemployment disadvantage in almost all European destinations. This gap becomes particularly evident at the intersection of immigration status and gender. Results suggest the need for a more holistic approach to the governance of labour migration that takes into account the long-term trends of migrant labour supply." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The regional dimension in the global competition for talent: lessons from framing the European Scientific Visa and Blue Card (2014)
Cerna, Lucie; Chou, Meng-Hsuan;Zitatform
Cerna, Lucie & Meng-Hsuan Chou (2014): The regional dimension in the global competition for talent. Lessons from framing the European Scientific Visa and Blue Card. In: Journal of European Public Policy, Jg. 21, H. 1, S. 76-95. DOI:10.1080/13501763.2013.831114
Abstract
"To examine the role of regional co-operation in the global race for top foreign talent, we study how the Lisbon Strategy's implementation contributed to these efforts. Specifically, we analyse the Scientific Visa and the Blue Card, two European Union (EU) legislations for attracting the 'best and brightest' from abroad. Official figures tell us that the number of highly skilled migrants recruited so far is low and, following an inductive logic, we parse out the 'value-added' of regional collaboration beyond legislative co-ordination. Taking as our departure point Borrás and Radaelli's (2011) concept of the Lisbon Strategy as 'governance architecture', we apply the framing approach to show how the Scientific Visa and Blue Card framed labour migration differently: as initiatives for 'mobile excellence' and 'border management' respectively. Our findings reveal that they contributed to the Lisbon Strategy's evolution as a process of 'conversion' and point to the 'value-added' of regional co-operation as a 'sense-making' exercise." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Attracting high-skilled immigrants: policies in comparative perspective (2014)
Cerna, Lucie;Zitatform
Cerna, Lucie (2014): Attracting high-skilled immigrants. Policies in comparative perspective. In: International migration, Jg. 52, H. 3, S. 69-84. DOI:10.1111/imig.12158
Abstract
"Labour market shortages, structural problems and unfavourable demographics have all prompted governments to act, often by focusing on high-skilled immigration. However, policy responses have been very different. Some countries were able to adopt quite open high-skilled immigration policies, while others did not. This article provides a political economy explanation for this. It argues that, despite similar pressures, high-skilled immigration policy outputs vary due to shifting coalitions between disaggregated sectors of native high-skilled, low-skilled labour and capital. To probe this argument, the article examines coalitions in four countries (France, Germany, Sweden and the United Kingdom) from the late 1990s to present, and draws on original interviews with policy-makers, unions and employers' associations; official documents and the literature on immigration, political economy and public policy. The varying labour market organization of actors informs differences in coalitions which in turn has resulted in different high-skilled immigration policy outputs, cross-nationally and over time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The labor market effects of reducing undocumented immigrants (2014)
Zitatform
Chassamboulli, Andri & Giovanni Peri (2014): The labor market effects of reducing undocumented immigrants. (NBER working paper 19932), Cambridge, Mass., 63 S. DOI:10.3386/w19932
Abstract
"A key controversy in US immigration reforms is how to deal with undocumented workers. Some policies aimed at reducing them, such as increased border security or deportation will reduce illegal immigrants as well as total immigrants. Other policies, such as legalization would decrease the illegal population but increase the legal one. These policies have different effects on job creation as they affect the firm profits from creating a new job. Economists have never analyzed this issue. We set up and simulate a novel and general model of labor markets, with search and legal/illegal migration between two countries. We then calibrate it to the US and Mexico labor markets and migration. We find that policies increasing deportation rates have the largest negative effect on employment opportunities of natives. Legalization, instead has a positive employment effect for natives. This is because repatriations are disruptive of job matches and they reduce job-creation by US firms. Legalization instead stimulates firms' job creation by increasing the total number of immigrants and stimulating firms to post more vacancies some of which are filled by natives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The future of immigrant integration in Europe: mainstreaming approaches for inclusion (2014)
Collett, Elizabeth; Petrovic, Milica;Zitatform
Collett, Elizabeth & Milica Petrovic (2014): The future of immigrant integration in Europe. Mainstreaming approaches for inclusion. Brüssel, 36 S.
Abstract
"Immigrant integration policies that are designed for migrants to Europe, particularly newcomers, are important, but they can be insufficient over the long run to realize the full economic potential and societal participation of immigrants and citizens with an immigrant background.
For this reason, several European governments have increasingly turned to the strategy of 'mainstreaming' integration - an effort to reach people with a migration background through needs-based social programming and policies that also target the general population - in order to address areas where traditional immigrant integration polices have fallen short.
This MPI Europe report assesses the degree to which four European countries - relative veterans regarding the reception and integration of immigrants - have mainstreamed integration priorities across general policy areas such as education, employment, and social cohesion. The report shows how approaches to mainstreaming in Denmark, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom reflect each country's distinct ethnic profile, diversity, and social traditions. It also offers suggestions for future policy development.
Deeper understanding of mainstreamed policy innovations for immigrants is important to Europe's immigrant integration efforts, since intended beneficiaries of traditional integration policy (immigrants and their descendants) are no longer a discrete and easily identifiable population -- and in some localities they are not even minorities. The second and third generation face some (but not all) of the challenges of their parents, especially in relation to educational and employment success, but many of these challenges are not unique to those with an immigrant background. At a time when public budgets are tightening, governments are articulating new strategies to ensure that the needs of all vulnerable groups are met more effectively through mainstream policy change." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Attracting skilled immigrants: an overview of recent policy developments in advanced countries (2014)
Zitatform
Facchini, Giovanni & Elisabetta Lodigiani (2014): Attracting skilled immigrants. An overview of recent policy developments in advanced countries. In: National Institute Economic Review, Jg. 229, H. 1, S. R3-R21. DOI:10.1177/002795011422900102
Abstract
"In this paper we review the policies put in place by the main Western destination countries to attract highly skilled migrants. Two main systems can be identified. On the one hand, employer-driven schemes typically call for the migrant to meet a set of minimum skill requirements and to have a job offer before a work visa can be issued. On the other, migrant-driven schemes typically do not require a job offer, and instead select the migrant based on a set of characteristics chosen by the policymaker. Employer-driven schemes are the dominant policy tool in the sample of countries we consider in the analysis, and only Australia, Canada and New Zealand have made migrant-driven schemes the mainstay of their skill selective immigration policy. The preliminary evidence we review suggests that the latter are more effective in increasing the skill level of the immigrant population, and casts doubts on the usefulness of new initiatives like the EU blue card that are still based on an employer-driven system." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Roma integration in European labor markets: Nuclei of evidence tell a grim story, but a veil of ignorance impedes policy efforts (2014)
Zitatform
Kahanec, Martin (2014): Roma integration in European labor markets. Nuclei of evidence tell a grim story, but a veil of ignorance impedes policy efforts. (IZA world of labor 39), Bonn, 10 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.39
Abstract
"Eine bessere Arbeitsmarktintegration der Roma in Europa ist eine moralische und ökonomische Verpflichtung. Die soziale und wirtschaftliche Deklassierung der Roma, Vorbehalte und Ablehnung schaden auch der Allgemeinheit. Politikinterventionen sollten nicht am Individuum, sondern der Lebensgemeinschaft der Roma vor Ort ansetzen. Nur wenn räumliche und soziale Abspaltung gezielt vermieden wird, kann es gelingen, den Teufelskreis multipler Benachteiligung zu durchbrechen. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit muss dabei die Gefahr der 'Vererbung' von Armut und Bildungsferne innerhalb der Roma-Familien und die Chancengleichheit auf den Arbeitsmärkten erhalten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Hier finden Sie die deutsche Kurzfassung -
Literaturhinweis
When extremes converge: German and Canadian labor migration policy compared (2014)
Kolb, Holger;Zitatform
Kolb, Holger (2014): When extremes converge. German and Canadian labor migration policy compared. In: Comparative Migration Studies, Jg. 2, H. 1, S. 57-75. DOI:10.5117/CMS2014.1.KOLB
Abstract
"Not only but particularly in terms of labor migration policy Germany and Canada are widely perceived as being situated at opposite ends of the spectrum. Whereas Canada has for a long time been enjoying a reputation of being one or even the role model for countries seeking to develop a flexible and welcoming immigration scheme that is nonetheless responsive to shortages and demands of specific sectors of the national labor market, the German system has been suffering from the suspicion of being not only structurally hostile towards immigrants but also of featuring a structural one-sidedness in terms of its steering, control and recruitment instruments. Against the background of major immigration reforms in the segment of highly skilled labor migration in both countries the paper describes and analyzes the core elements of these recent policy reforms, arguing that Canada and Germany as of 2013 increasingly display more similarities than differences in their high-skilled labor immigration policy. Both countries have departed from extreme and one-sided steering approaches and now run 'hybrid systems' that aim at making use of the advantages of different steering and recruitment approaches." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitsmigration nach Österreich - Eckpunkte und erste Erfahrungen zur Rot-Weiß-Rot-Karte (2014)
Kreuzhuber, Margit;Zitatform
Kreuzhuber, Margit (2014): Arbeitsmigration nach Österreich - Eckpunkte und erste Erfahrungen zur Rot-Weiß-Rot-Karte. In: Zeitschrift für Ausländerrecht und Ausländerpolitik, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. 13-19.
Abstract
"Seit 1.7.2011 erfolgt die Arbeitsmigration aus Drittstaaten nach Österreich mittels Rot-Weiß-Rot-Karte (RWR-Karte). Es handelt sich dabei um ein Hybridmodell, in dem humankapitalorientierte (Punktesystem) und arbeitgeberbezogene (Erfordernis Arbeitsplatzangebot) Steuerungselemente kombiniert werden. Die Erfahrungen der letzten 2 1/2 Jahre mit dem neuen Zuwanderungssystem sind positiv; um das Potential der RWR-Karte noch besser nutzen zu können, sollten nun nächste Schritte gesetzt werden." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Labour mobility in the EU: recent trends and policies (2014)
Riso, Sara; Andersen, Tine; Secher, Johan Ernest Olivier;Zitatform
Riso, Sara, Johan Ernest Olivier Secher & Tine Andersen (2014): Labour mobility in the EU. Recent trends and policies. Dublin, 76 S. DOI:10.2806/74031
Abstract
"The European Commission promotes geographical mobility as a strategy to reduce discrepancies between supply and demand in European labour markets. While migration levels are low within and across EU Member States by comparison with other OECD regions, the proportion of EU migrants working in the EU is rising. EU-level efforts to promote mobility are sometimes overshadowed at national level by concerns over the potential negative effects of migrant inflows including the undercutting of local wage rates, the abuse of welfare systems and the financial burden that inactive migrants may put on welfare systems. This report documents the current picture of labour mobility within the EU, and puts forward some policy pointers for facilitating the flow of workers while minimising abuses of the migrant worker system and making for smoother transitions for migrant workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Beyond national models?: governing migration and integration at the regional and local levels in Canada and Germany (2014)
Zitatform
Schmidtke, Oliver (2014): Beyond national models? Governing migration and integration at the regional and local levels in Canada and Germany. In: Comparative Migration Studies, Jg. 2, H. 1, S. 77-99. DOI:10.5117/CMS2014.1.SCHM
Abstract
"This comparison of Canada and Germany focuses on a particular dimension of these countries' respective approaches to governing migration and integration. It is guided by a key conceptual assumption: Cities and regions have become important laboratories for deliberating, developing, and implementing immigration and, in particular, integration policies. With this analytical lens, the article investigates the form and degree to which subnational levels of government have come to play a more prominent role in this policy field. Both Canada and Germany show a comparable diffusion of governance authority across different levels of government. Yet the factors driving this development vary considerably across national contexts. While Canada's multicultural policy has set a comprehensive national framework for addressing the task of migrant integration, in Germany the momentum in this policy field has moved decisively to regions and cities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
International migration outlook 2014 (2014)
Zitatform
(2014): International migration outlook 2014. (International migration outlook 38), Paris, 425 S. DOI:10.1787/migr_outlook-2014-en
Abstract
"Die dauerhafte Zuwanderung nach Deutschland ist im vergangenen Jahr so stark angestiegen wie in keinem anderen OECD-Land. Nach vorläufigen Zahlen kamen 2013 etwa 465.000 Menschen dauerhaft in das Land - mehr als doppelt so viele wie 2007. In der OECD ist Deutschland das zweitbeliebteste Zielland hinter den USA.
Die aktuelle Ausgabe des 'International Migration Outlook' vermittelt einen allgemeinen Überblick über die jüngsten Entwicklungen im internationalen Migrationsgeschehen. Darüber hinaus erörtert der Bericht, welche Maßnahmen genutzt werden können, um die Kompetenzen von Zuwanderern zu identifizieren und ihr Potenzial voll zu nutzen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku) -
Literaturhinweis
The slump and immigration policy in Europe (2013)
Zitatform
Hatton, Timothy J. (2013): The slump and immigration policy in Europe. (CReAM discussion paper 2014,01), London, 22 S.
Abstract
"Historical experience suggests that when a period of rising immigration is followed by a sudden slump, this can trigger a policy backlash. This has not occurred in the current recession. This paper examines three links in the chain between the slump and immigration policy. First, although immigration flows have responded to the slump, and immigrants have borne more than their share of the burden, this has done little to protect the employment of non-Immigrants. Second, despite the recession for Europe as a whole, attitudes to immigration have not changed very much, and they have been influenced more by fiscal concerns than by rising unemployment. Third, while far right parties have used the recession to renew the political pressure for tougher immigration policies, governments have been constrained by the composition of immigration and by EU regulation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mehr Gemeinsamkeiten als Unterschiede? Arbeitsmigrationssteuerung in Kanada und Deutschland (2013)
Kolb, Holger; Klausmann, Julia;Zitatform
Kolb, Holger & Julia Klausmann (2013): Mehr Gemeinsamkeiten als Unterschiede? Arbeitsmigrationssteuerung in Kanada und Deutschland. In: Zeitschrift für Ausländerrecht und Ausländerpolitik, Jg. 33, H. 7, S. 239-242.
Abstract
"Kanada und Deutschland gelten im Bereich der Einwanderungspolitik als Gegensätze schlechthin. Die Rollen sind dabei klar verteilt, Kanada genießt eine Reputation als attraktives Land mit einem modernen Einwanderungsrecht gerade für Hochqualifizierte, das dort seit vielen Jahrzehnten praktizierte Punktesystem wird international bewundert und zur Nachahmung empfohlen. Deutschland konnte seinen Ruf als eher zuwanderungsskeptisches Land hingegen trotz zahlreicher Liberalisierungen seit 2005 noch nicht grundsätzlich loswerden. Eine Analyse von in beiden Ländern gerade in der letzten Zeit durchgeführten Reformen im Bereich der Regulierung der Arbeitsmigration zeigt allerdings einen institutionellen Konvergenzprozess. Zuwanderungssystematisch weisen beide Länder zunehmend mehr Gemeinsamkeiten als Unterschiede auf." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Migrants' acquisition of cultural skills and selective immigration policies (2012)
Bonn, Moritz;Zitatform
Bonn, Moritz (2012): Migrants' acquisition of cultural skills and selective immigration policies. (MAGKS Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics by the Universities of Aachen, Gießen, Göttingen, Kassel, Marburg, Siegen 47-2012), Marburg, 21 S.
Abstract
"Based on the requirement of OECD countries to permit substantial in?ows of im- migrants to compensate for the e┐ects of the demographic change, this paper explores the incentives of heterogeneous migrants to acquire host country speci?c cultural skills to improve their labor market outcomes. The theoretical results predict that the migrants' ?ambition in achieving such skills is increased if the scope of their respective cultural group is small, social permeability of migrants in the native society is large and individual integration costs are low. Based on these results, I study whether cultural heterogeneity among the migrant population is welfare enhancing for the native population. I ?nd that as long as migrants do not ffer too much with regard to their costs of learning the native culture, cultural heterogeneity is bene?cial for the host economy. The model provides an explanation for the shift in the immigration policies of the traditional host countries throughout the twentieth century as well as the current immigration policies in the EU member states." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Is national citizenship withering away?: social affiliations and labor market integration of Turkish-origin immigrants in Germany and France (2012)
Zitatform
Kaya, Ayhan & Aysegül Kayaoglu (2012): Is national citizenship withering away? Social affiliations and labor market integration of Turkish-origin immigrants in Germany and France. In: German studies review, Jg. 35, H. 1, S. 113-134.
Abstract
"Almost three million German-Turks and four hundred thousand French-Turks encounter various obstacles in everyday life due to the stigmatization and securitization of migration and Islam. This is why their integration into the receiving societies is of great importance, as better social cohesion helps nurture the economic, political, and social contribution of migrants to their countries of settlement. Using the data derived from a recent micro-level survey on Turkish-origin immigrants residing in Germany and France, this article analyzes the determinants of their social affiliations and employment probability as well as the impact of citizenship acquisition on their socioeconomic integration." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Volltext-Zugang über Verlag oder sonstigen Anbieter (möglicherweise kostenpflichtig) -
Literaturhinweis
Die Wirtschaftskrise und Arbeitsmigrationspolitik in Europa (2012)
Kuptsch, Christiane;Zitatform
Kuptsch, Christiane (2012): Die Wirtschaftskrise und Arbeitsmigrationspolitik in Europa. In: Comparative Population Studies, Jg. 37, H. 1/2, S. 33-54. DOI:10.4232/10.CPoS-2011-17de
Abstract
"Im Rahmen dieses Beitrages werden Kursänderungen in der Migrationspolitik infolge der Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise 2008 sowie Aspekte des Migrationsmanagements untersucht. Europäische Länder entschlossen sich dazu, Neuzuwanderungen zu erschweren, ihre Arbeitsmärkte für einheimische Arbeitskräfte zu schützen, die Rückkehr von Arbeitsmigranten zu fördern und die irreguläre Migration verstärkt zu bekämpfen. Klare Muster oder Gründe für unterschiedliche politische Reaktionen sind nicht auszumachen, man kann aber mit Sicherheit sagen, dass nur Länder, die in der jüngeren Vergangenheit signifikante Migrationszuströme verzeichneten, überhaupt Maßnahmen mit hoher öffentlicher Wahrnehmung ergriffen haben. Die Krise hat zu einem Perspektivwechsel geführt, was den Staat und seine Rolle in Bezug auf die Wirtschaft betrifft, die nun als nützlich statt unerwünscht betrachtet wird. Die bisher vorherrschende neo-liberale Sicht billigte staatliches Handeln lediglich im Bereich der 'Hohen Politik' von Souveränitäts- bis Sicherheitsfragen. Die Krise hat Arbeitsmarktfragen in den Vordergrund gerückt; Migranten werden nun zunehmend als ökonomische Akteure anstatt als Sicherheitsrisiken betrachtet. Dies lässt dem Staat Spielraum, seine Schutzfunktion gegenüber ausländischen Arbeitnehmern wahrzunehmen - eine begrüßenswerte Entwicklung. Die Analyse wurde aus dem Blickwinkel internationaler Beziehungen bzw. aus volkswirtschaftlicher Perspektive durchgeführt und beruft sich größtenteils auf (offizielle) Pressemitteilungen und Sekundärquellen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Englische Fassung -
Literaturhinweis
Differences in working conditions and employment arrangements among migrant and non-migrant workers in Europe (2012)
Pérez, Elena Ronda; Benavides, Fernando G. ; Levecque, Katia ; Felt, Emily; Love, John G.; Rossem, Ronan van ;Zitatform
Pérez, Elena Ronda, Fernando G. Benavides, Katia Levecque, John G. Love, Emily Felt & Ronan van Rossem (2012): Differences in working conditions and employment arrangements among migrant and non-migrant workers in Europe. In: Ethnicity and health, Jg. 17, H. 6, S. 563-577. DOI:10.1080/13557858.2012.730606
Abstract
"Objective. To determine migrant workers' exposure to select occupational risks and compare it with that of non-migrant workers in Europe.
Design. Based on the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS-2005, n=29,654 workers, 31 countries) we examined differential prevalence amongst migrant and non-migrant workers' primary paid jobs in terms of employment arrangements (working >10 hours/day, working >5 days/week, on Sundays, without a contract, changes in the work schedule and not free to decide when to take holidays or days off) and working conditions (exposure to hazards including chemical, physical agents, physical load and psychological conditions). For the purpose of this study, a migrant is defined as a person without nationality of the country of residence (n=926). Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) for age, economic sector and education were calculated.
Results. Differences in employment arrangements and working conditions were noted by migration status, gender and occupational status. Among non-manual workers, migrant males are more exposed than non-migrant males to negative psychosocial conditions - working at a very high speed (aPR 1.23; 95% CI 1.07 - 1.42) and shift work (aPR 1.66; 95% CI 1.27 - 2.17) - and adverse employment arrangements: working on Sundays (aPR 1.91; 95% CI 1.42 - 2.55), variable starting/finishing times (aPR 1.17; 95% CI 1.04 - 1.32) and changes in work schedule (aPR 1.56; 95% CI 1.30 - 1.88). Compared with non-migrant males, male migrant manual workers are the group with a greater number of disparities in terms of exposure to negative working conditions. Female migrant non-manual workers are more exposed to psychosocial conditions - working at very high speed (aPR 1.26; 95% CI 1.10 - 1.44) and shift work (aPR 1.61; 95% CI 1.29 - 2.01) while female manual migrant workers were more likely to report standing or walking (aPR 2.43; 95% CI 1.98 - 2.97), not having a contract (aPR 2.94; 95% CI 2.07 - 4.10) and not being free to decide days off and holidays (aPR 1.25; 95% CI 1.07 - 1.48) than non-migrants.
Conclusion. Migrant workers across Europe are more likely to be exposed to certain working and employment arrangements that may place them at higher risk of future health problems." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Migration und Integration als wirtschaftliche und gesellschaftliche Ordnungsprobleme (2012)
Schomaker, Rahel; Hertner, Peter; Feld, Lars; Haucap, Justus ; Weigert, Benjamin; Heimeshoff, Ulrich ; Knorr, Andreas; Schneider, Friedrich ; Dietz, Barbara; Holznagel, Ina; Müller, Christian; Luft, Stefan; Wentzel, Dirk; Otter, Nils; Delhaes-Günther, Dietrich von; Peters, Heiko;Zitatform
Schomaker, Rahel, Christian Müller & Andreas Knorr (Hrsg.) (2012): Migration und Integration als wirtschaftliche und gesellschaftliche Ordnungsprobleme. (Schriften zu Ordnungsfragen der Wirtschaft 95), Stuttgart: Lucius und Lucius, 258 S.
Abstract
"Migration und Integration sind derzeit als aktuelle Phänomene von besonderer wirtschaftlicher und gesellschaftlicher Bedeutung. Sie werden jedoch in der öffentlichen und medialen Debatte oft emotionalisiert. Der vorliegende Band bietet eine sachliche Analyse dieses Themenkomplexes mit einem grundlegend interdisziplinären Ansatz: Migration und Integration werden sowohl aus historischer und theoretischer Sicht als auch aus ökonomischer, politikwissenschaftlicher und rechtlicher Perspektive beleuchtet. Darüber hinaus werden mit dem Arbeitsmarkt, dem Bildungssektor und der Schattenwirtschaft zentrale Schlüsselfelder der Migrations- und Integrationspolitik untersucht." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis bei der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek -
Literaturhinweis
Nach Punkten vorn: was Deutschland von der Zuwanderungs- und Integrationspolitik Kanadas lernen kann (2012)
Sievert, Stephan; Klingholz, Reiner; Slupina, Manuel;Zitatform
Sievert, Stephan, Manuel Slupina & Reiner Klingholz (2012): Nach Punkten vorn. Was Deutschland von der Zuwanderungs- und Integrationspolitik Kanadas lernen kann. Berlin, 75 S.
Abstract
"Zentrales Element der kanadischen Zuwanderungspolitik ist das Federal Skilled Worker Program, welches seit 1967 Zuwanderer auf Grundlage ihrer Fähigkeiten und Kenntnisse nach einem Punktesystem auswählt. Nach vielen Reformen sind heute Sprachfähigkeiten und der Bildungsstand die wichtigsten Auswahlfaktoren. Mit ihnen können potenzielle Zuwanderer etwa zwei Drittel der benötigten Punkte einfahren. Des Weiteren verteilt die kanadische Regierung Punkte für die Berufserfahrung, das Alter, ein bestehendes Jobangebot sowie andere Faktoren wie die Bildung des Partners oder vorige Aufenthalte in Kanada. Für Deutschland hätte ein Punktesystem neben seiner Effektivität darin, Hochqualifizierte ins Land zu bringen, einen zusätzlichen Vermarktungsvorteil. Potenzielle Zuwanderer würden Deutschland stärker als bislang als mögliches Wanderungsziel wahrnehmen. Zudem dürfte es wegen seines transparenten Auswahlmechanismus und wegen seiner volkswirtschaftlichen Vorteile auch in der einheimischen Bevölkerung eine vergleichsweise hohe Akzeptanz genießen. Die Erfahrung Kanadas zeigt auch, dass ein Punktesystem nur ein Teil einer umfassenden Zuwanderungsstrategie sein kann. Durchschnittlich und gering qualifizierte Personen, die etwa im Pflegebereich tätig sind, hätten mit ihm keine Chance auf eine Aufenthaltsgenehmigung. Um auch diesen dringend benötigten Arbeitskräften die Einreise nach Deutschland zu ermöglichen, bietet sich eine zusätzliche über die Bedürfnisse des Arbeitsmarktes gesteuerte Zuwanderungsvariante an, welche Interessierten mit bestehendem Jobangebot und bestandenem Arbeitsmarkttest zunächst eine vorläufige Aufenthaltsgenehmigung ausstellt." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Einwanderungspolitik
- Auswirkungen von Migration
- Wanderungsmotivation und Rückwanderung
- Arbeitslosigkeit und Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Qualifikation, Bildung und Beschäftigung
- Integration und soziale Teilhabe
- internationale Aspekte
- Personengruppen