Migration und Integration
Bei dem Thema Einwanderung nach Deutschland gilt es auch die Bedingungen einer gelingenden Integration von Zugewanderten in Gesellschaft, Bildung und Arbeit zu untersuchen. Die Arbeitsmarktforschung beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie die Integration in das Bildungs- und Ausbildungssystem, der Zugang zum Arbeitsmarkt sowie die Bedingungen der sozialen Teilhabe und kulturellen Integration verbessert werden können.
Aktuelle Studien zeigen zudem, dass Deutschland angesichts seiner demographischen Herausforderungen dringend auf Zuwanderung angewiesen ist. Inwiefern kann Zuwanderung der Schrumpfung und Alterung des Erwerbspersonenpotenzials entgegenwirken? Welche Entwicklungen in der nationalen und europäischen Einwanderungspolitik begünstigen die Einwanderung von Erwerbspersonen und Fachkräften? Die hier zusammengestellte Literatur bietet einen aktuellen und umfassenden Überblick über den Themenkomplex Migration und Integration.
Literatur zum Thema Flucht und Asyl finden Sie in unserer IAB-Infoplattform Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten - Bildung und Arbeitsmarkt.
Zurück zur Übersicht- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Einwanderungspolitik
- Auswirkungen von Migration
- Wanderungsmotivation und Rückwanderung
- Arbeitslosigkeit und Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Qualifikation, Bildung und Beschäftigung
- Integration und soziale Teilhabe
- internationale Aspekte
- Personengruppen
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Literaturhinweis
Integrating immigrants in Europe: Research-policy dialogues (2015)
Scholten, Peter; Verbeek, Stijn; Penninx, Rinus; Entzinger, Han;Zitatform
Scholten, Peter, Han Entzinger, Rinus Penninx & Stijn Verbeek (Hrsg.) (2015): Integrating immigrants in Europe. Research-policy dialogues. (IMISCOE Research Series), Cham: Springer London, 343 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-16256-0
Abstract
"This open access book explores how research and policymaking in the field of migrant integration have developed historically and how this interrelationship plays out in the strongly politicised climate of opinions on migration in Europe. It features interdisciplinary theoretical contributions as well as original empirical studies on research-policy dialogues at both the EU and country level.
The chapters study not only how the dialogue between research and policy is structured (such as advisory bodies, research agencies, and ad-hoc committees), but also how these dialogues affect policymaking and the development of migrant integration research itself as well.
The analysis reveals profound changes in the dialogue structures associated with the research-policy nexus in the domain of migrant integration. On the one hand, dialogue structures have become more ad-hoc, often established in response to distinct political events or to specific problems. On the other, politicisation has not thwarted all efforts to develop more institutionalised dialogue structures between producers and users of knowledge. In addition, research has contributed to policymaking in very different ways in various European countries.
This edited volume is unique in this effort to reflect on the impact of research-policy dialogues both on the development of migrant integration policies as well as on migrant integration research. It will be of importance to scholars in this field as well as to policymakers and other stakeholders involved in migrant integration policymaking." (Publisher information, © Springer) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Conceptualizing and measuring migration policy change (2015)
Zitatform
de Haas, Hein, Katharina Natter & Simona Vezzoli (2015): Conceptualizing and measuring migration policy change. In: Comparative Migration Studies, Jg. 3, S. 1-21. DOI:10.1186/s40878-015-0016-5
Abstract
"This paper outlines the methodology of DEMIG POLICY, a new database tracking around 6,000 migration policy changes in 45 countries between 1945 and 2014. The article conceptualizes the notion of migration policy change and presents the coding system used to operationalize policy content, changes in policy restrictiveness, as well as the magnitude of policy changes. The paper also discusses the potential of DEMIG POLICY to improve our understanding of the nature, evolution, and effectiveness of migration policies. Besides significantly extending the geographical and historical coverage of existing migration policy databases, DEMIG POLICY also tracks emigration policies in order to overcome the common 'receiving country bias' in migration research. By offering key insights into the main features of the largest migration policy database completed to date, this paper hopes to provide useful guidelines to improve future efforts to measure migration policies. Such improvement is crucial given the heated debates on migration policy effectiveness on one hand and the still limited empirical evidence on this issue on the other." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unter Einwanderungsländern: Deutschland im internationalen Vergleich : Jahresgutachten 2015 (2015)
Zitatform
Sachverständigenrat Deutscher Stiftungen für Integration und Migration (2015): Unter Einwanderungsländern: Deutschland im internationalen Vergleich : Jahresgutachten 2015. (Jahresgutachten … / Sachverständigenrat Deutscher Stiftungen für Integration und Migration 6), Berlin, 205 S.
Abstract
"Das sechste Jahresgutachten, das der Sachverständigenrat deutscher Stiftungen für Integration und Migration im Jahr 2015 vorlegt, ist breit angelegt und blickt aus Deutschland in das europäische und außereuropäische Ausland. Es thematisiert unter dem Gesichtspunkt eines möglichen 'Lernens von anderen' das gesamte Spektrum migrations- und integrationspolitischer Herausforderungen. Leitfrage ist dabei: Welche migrations- und integrationspolitischen Ziele verfolgt Deutschland und wie erfolgreich ist es bei der Erreichung dieser Ziele im Vergleich zu anderen ausgewählten Einwanderungsländern? Der Sachverständigenrat greift damit den im öffentlichen Diskurs etablierten Blick ins Ausland als Methode der Einordnung der deutschen Integrations- und Migrationspolitik auf und fragt: Was lässt sich unter welchen Bedingungen lernen - und was nicht? Das Gutachten macht somit auch die Frage der Übertragbarkeit von Politiken aus einem Land mit spezifischen Gegebenheiten auf ein anderes zum Gegenstand seiner Untersuchung.
Der Vergleich u. a. mit als migrations- und integrationspolitisch vorbildlich angesehenen Staaten wie beispielsweise Kanada, Schweden oder den Niederlanden kommt zu einem bemerkenswerten Ergebnis: Entgegen einer weit verbreiteten Einschätzung reiht sich Deutschland mittlerweile in vielen Bereichen ein in eine Riege von als fortschrittlich eingestuften Einwanderungsländern. Dies wird in zehn Einzelkapiteln des Jahresgutachtens jeweils aufgabenspezifisch für den Bereich der Migrations- und der Integrationspolitik beschrieben. Es wäre jedoch ein großes Missverständnis, aus dieser Entwicklung zu schließen, dass Deutschland in den Bereichen Migration und Integration nichts mehr lernen könnte. Die migrations- und integrationspolitischen Herausforderungen, die Deutschland anpacken muss, sind weiterhin enorm. Das Gutachten zeigt allerdings auch: Bei der Bewältigung dieser Herausforderungen kann Deutschland nicht einfach 'Blaupausen' nutzen, die in anderen Ländern entwickelt wurden. Vielmehr muss es (europäisch abgestimmt und eingebettet) seinen eigenen Weg finden und diesen mit Entschlossenheit und Mut gehen. Hierfür bietet das vorliegende Gutachten einige Handlungsempfehlungen." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku) -
Literaturhinweis
Immigration regulation in federal states: challenges and responses in comparative perspective (2014)
Baglay, Sasha; Nakache, Delphine;Zitatform
Baglay, Sasha & Delphine Nakache (Hrsg.) (2014): Immigration regulation in federal states. Challenges and responses in comparative perspective. (International perspectives on migration 09),: Springer London 244 S. DOI:10.1007/978-94-017-8604-1
Abstract
"The book examines the phenomenon of immigration federalism: its main characteristics, why and how it has developed, its implications for immigration systems (in general) and non-citizens' rights (in particular). The book introduces the reader to theoretical perspectives on immigration federalism through three sets of literature - federalism, governance and non-citizens' rights - that provide a necessary framework for understanding immigration federalism's multiple facets and impacts. It also offers an analysis of immigration federalism through case studies of six jurisdictions: Australia, Canada, Germany, Switzerland, the EU and the US.
Despite increased sub-national activity in immigration regulation in several federal states, very little research has been dedicated so far to comparing how federal states deal with immigration federalism. Comparative studies on the human rights implications of immigration federalism have received even less attention. This book seeks to fill the gap in this area and is an important contribution to the field, providing the reader with a better understanding of the complex issues surrounding immigration federalism and its impact on non-citizens." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Labour mobility in the EU: Dynamics, patterns and policies (2014)
Barslund, Mikkel ; Galgóczi, Béla; Jimeno, Juan F.; Lacuesta, Aitor; Peinado, Mario Izquierdo; Busse, Matthias; Leschke, Janine ; Vargas-Silva, Carlos; Kaczmarczyk, Paweł; Baas, Timo;Zitatform
Barslund, Mikkel, Matthias Busse, Carlos Vargas-Silva, Paweł Kaczmarczyk, Timo Baas, Mario Izquierdo Peinado, Juan F. Jimeno, Aitor Lacuesta, Béla Galgóczi & Janine Leschke (2014): Labour mobility in the EU: Dynamics, patterns and policies. In: Intereconomics, Jg. 49, H. 3, S. 116-158. DOI:10.1007/s10272-014-0495-x
Abstract
"The continued economic crisis has become a major test for the labour markets of individual member states. Labour mobility within the European Union has the potential to help to reduce labour market pressures and ease economic imbalances. However, a long-term loss of working age population can be detrimental to sending countries. This Forum explores mobility patterns within the European Union and analyses the labour market and welfare effects of labour mobility via case studies of the UK, Poland, Germany and Spain. It also examines a number of its aspects that have important political and institutional relevance for the European Union and its future." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Content:
Mikkel Barslund, Matthias Busse: Too Much or Too Little Labour Mobility? State of Play and Policy Issues (116-123);
Carlos Vargas-Silva: EU Migration to the UK: Trends and Impacts (123-128);
Pawel Kaczmarczyk: EU Enlargement and Intra-EU Mobility - Lessons to Be Drawn from the Post-2004 Migration of Poles (128-137);
Timo Baas: The Macroeconomic Impact of Intra-EU Migration on the German Economy (137-144);
Mario Izquierdo Peinado, Juan F. Jimeno, Aitor Lacuesta: The Impact of the Crisis on Migration Flows in Spain (144-152);
Bela Galgoczi, Janine Leschke: Post-Enlargement Intra-EU Labour Mobility Under Stress Test (152-158). -
Literaturhinweis
Labour migration policy and constitutional change in Scotland (2014)
Bell, David N. F.; Wright, Robert E.; Findlay, Allan; McCollum, David;Zitatform
Bell, David N. F., Allan Findlay, David McCollum & Robert E. Wright (2014): Labour migration policy and constitutional change in Scotland. In: Oxford review of economic policy, Jg. 30, H. 2, S. 310-324. DOI:10.1093/oxrep/gru019
Abstract
Scotland is holding a referendum on independence in 2014, which implies that the Scottish government would become responsible for migration policy in the event of a 'Yes' vote. Control over labour migration could be a vital policy tool for the Scottish government, influencing long-run economic growth rates and demographic change. This paper explores migration policy in the context of alternative constitutional outcomes for Scotland. It asks what scope a small economy that is intimately linked to a neighbouring larger economy has in shaping immigration policy. It finds that the level of international migration to Scotland is relatively low and that there are some significant differences in migrant characteristics compared to the rest of the UK (RUK). It also considers the political economy aspects of labour immigration through analysis of recent survey data. Whatever the outcome of the referendum, we would argue that Scotland would benefit from a more nuanced approach to immigration policies rather than the current 'one size fits all' UK-wide model.
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Literaturhinweis
Wirkungsanalyse des rechtlichen Rahmens für ausländische Fachkräfte: Studie im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Energie. Demografiestrategie der Bundesregierung - Arbeitsgruppe E.2 "Ausländisches Arbeitskräftepotenzial erschließen und Willkommenskultur schaffen" (2014)
Brenning, Luise; Wielage, Nina; Neureiter, Marcus; Laub, Rene; Emminghaus, Christoph; Kluth, Winfried; Steinbrück, Alice; Schultz, Philipp Till;Zitatform
Brenning, Luise, Christoph Emminghaus, Winfried Kluth, Rene Laub, Marcus Neureiter, Philipp Till Schultz, Alice Steinbrück & Nina Wielage (2014): Wirkungsanalyse des rechtlichen Rahmens für ausländische Fachkräfte. Studie im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Energie. Demografiestrategie der Bundesregierung - Arbeitsgruppe E.2 "Ausländisches Arbeitskräftepotenzial erschließen und Willkommenskultur schaffen". Berlin, 238 S.
Abstract
"In der Diskussion um fehlende Fachkräfte setzt sich immer stärker die Erkenntnis durch, dass die gezielte Zuwanderung von Fachkräften, neben der verbesserten Erschließung des inländischen Erwerbspersonenpotenzials, einen zentralen Lösungsansatz darstellt.
Auf Basis der durchgeführten Analyse des rechtlichen Rahmens für ausländische Fachkräfte lassen sich zur praktischen Umsetzung des aktuellen rechtlichen Rahmens zahlreiche Handlungsempfehlungen identifizieren. Die Empfehlungen beziehen sich auf unterschiedliche Themenbereiche, z. B. Informationsstand und Informationsmöglichkeiten, Effizienz und Transparenz der Umsetzungsprozesse sowie Schaffung einer Willkommenskultur." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)Weiterführende Informationen
Kurzfassung -
Literaturhinweis
Migration policies and migrant employment outcomes: conceptual analysis and comparative evidence for Europe (2014)
Cangiano, Alessio;Zitatform
Cangiano, Alessio (2014): Migration policies and migrant employment outcomes. Conceptual analysis and comparative evidence for Europe. In: Comparative Migration Studies, Jg. 2, H. 4, S. 417-443. DOI:10.5117/CMS2014.4.CANG
Abstract
"While a number of studies explored the demographic and human capital attributes affecting migrant socio-economic assimilation, less is known about the role of immigration status on entry. In particular, little evidence exists on the employment outcomes of migrants admitted outside economic immigration channels (family, study, asylum or permit-free) and joining the labour market once in the country of destination. This paper addresses this knowledge gap. Its conceptual framework for understanding how immigration status on arrival influences access to the labour market highlights the role of selectivity mechanisms and of different rights and constraints characterizing the legal situation of migrants who enter via different admission routes. The empirical analysis builds on original estimates of the migrant workforce by immigration status on entry based on the 2008 Ad-Hoc Module of the EU Labour Force Survey. Logistic regressions show that immigration status on arrival affects the participation in the labour market, the probability of being unemployed and the access to a job commensurate to the migrant skills. While the participation of family migrants and refugees in the labour market is positively associated with their length of stay, these categories retain a significant unemployment disadvantage in almost all European destinations. This gap becomes particularly evident at the intersection of immigration status and gender. Results suggest the need for a more holistic approach to the governance of labour migration that takes into account the long-term trends of migrant labour supply." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The regional dimension in the global competition for talent: lessons from framing the European Scientific Visa and Blue Card (2014)
Cerna, Lucie; Chou, Meng-Hsuan;Zitatform
Cerna, Lucie & Meng-Hsuan Chou (2014): The regional dimension in the global competition for talent. Lessons from framing the European Scientific Visa and Blue Card. In: Journal of European Public Policy, Jg. 21, H. 1, S. 76-95. DOI:10.1080/13501763.2013.831114
Abstract
"To examine the role of regional co-operation in the global race for top foreign talent, we study how the Lisbon Strategy's implementation contributed to these efforts. Specifically, we analyse the Scientific Visa and the Blue Card, two European Union (EU) legislations for attracting the 'best and brightest' from abroad. Official figures tell us that the number of highly skilled migrants recruited so far is low and, following an inductive logic, we parse out the 'value-added' of regional collaboration beyond legislative co-ordination. Taking as our departure point Borrás and Radaelli's (2011) concept of the Lisbon Strategy as 'governance architecture', we apply the framing approach to show how the Scientific Visa and Blue Card framed labour migration differently: as initiatives for 'mobile excellence' and 'border management' respectively. Our findings reveal that they contributed to the Lisbon Strategy's evolution as a process of 'conversion' and point to the 'value-added' of regional co-operation as a 'sense-making' exercise." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Attracting high-skilled immigrants: policies in comparative perspective (2014)
Cerna, Lucie;Zitatform
Cerna, Lucie (2014): Attracting high-skilled immigrants. Policies in comparative perspective. In: International migration, Jg. 52, H. 3, S. 69-84. DOI:10.1111/imig.12158
Abstract
"Labour market shortages, structural problems and unfavourable demographics have all prompted governments to act, often by focusing on high-skilled immigration. However, policy responses have been very different. Some countries were able to adopt quite open high-skilled immigration policies, while others did not. This article provides a political economy explanation for this. It argues that, despite similar pressures, high-skilled immigration policy outputs vary due to shifting coalitions between disaggregated sectors of native high-skilled, low-skilled labour and capital. To probe this argument, the article examines coalitions in four countries (France, Germany, Sweden and the United Kingdom) from the late 1990s to present, and draws on original interviews with policy-makers, unions and employers' associations; official documents and the literature on immigration, political economy and public policy. The varying labour market organization of actors informs differences in coalitions which in turn has resulted in different high-skilled immigration policy outputs, cross-nationally and over time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The labor market effects of reducing undocumented immigrants (2014)
Zitatform
Chassamboulli, Andri & Giovanni Peri (2014): The labor market effects of reducing undocumented immigrants. (NBER working paper 19932), Cambridge, Mass., 63 S. DOI:10.3386/w19932
Abstract
"A key controversy in US immigration reforms is how to deal with undocumented workers. Some policies aimed at reducing them, such as increased border security or deportation will reduce illegal immigrants as well as total immigrants. Other policies, such as legalization would decrease the illegal population but increase the legal one. These policies have different effects on job creation as they affect the firm profits from creating a new job. Economists have never analyzed this issue. We set up and simulate a novel and general model of labor markets, with search and legal/illegal migration between two countries. We then calibrate it to the US and Mexico labor markets and migration. We find that policies increasing deportation rates have the largest negative effect on employment opportunities of natives. Legalization, instead has a positive employment effect for natives. This is because repatriations are disruptive of job matches and they reduce job-creation by US firms. Legalization instead stimulates firms' job creation by increasing the total number of immigrants and stimulating firms to post more vacancies some of which are filled by natives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The future of immigrant integration in Europe: mainstreaming approaches for inclusion (2014)
Collett, Elizabeth; Petrovic, Milica;Zitatform
Collett, Elizabeth & Milica Petrovic (2014): The future of immigrant integration in Europe. Mainstreaming approaches for inclusion. Brüssel, 36 S.
Abstract
"Immigrant integration policies that are designed for migrants to Europe, particularly newcomers, are important, but they can be insufficient over the long run to realize the full economic potential and societal participation of immigrants and citizens with an immigrant background.
For this reason, several European governments have increasingly turned to the strategy of 'mainstreaming' integration - an effort to reach people with a migration background through needs-based social programming and policies that also target the general population - in order to address areas where traditional immigrant integration polices have fallen short.
This MPI Europe report assesses the degree to which four European countries - relative veterans regarding the reception and integration of immigrants - have mainstreamed integration priorities across general policy areas such as education, employment, and social cohesion. The report shows how approaches to mainstreaming in Denmark, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom reflect each country's distinct ethnic profile, diversity, and social traditions. It also offers suggestions for future policy development.
Deeper understanding of mainstreamed policy innovations for immigrants is important to Europe's immigrant integration efforts, since intended beneficiaries of traditional integration policy (immigrants and their descendants) are no longer a discrete and easily identifiable population -- and in some localities they are not even minorities. The second and third generation face some (but not all) of the challenges of their parents, especially in relation to educational and employment success, but many of these challenges are not unique to those with an immigrant background. At a time when public budgets are tightening, governments are articulating new strategies to ensure that the needs of all vulnerable groups are met more effectively through mainstream policy change." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Attracting skilled immigrants: an overview of recent policy developments in advanced countries (2014)
Facchini, Giovanni; Lodigiani, Elisabetta;Zitatform
Facchini, Giovanni & Elisabetta Lodigiani (2014): Attracting skilled immigrants. An overview of recent policy developments in advanced countries. In: National Institute Economic Review, Jg. 229, H. 1, S. R3-R21. DOI:10.1177/002795011422900102
Abstract
"In this paper we review the policies put in place by the main Western destination countries to attract highly skilled migrants. Two main systems can be identified. On the one hand, employer-driven schemes typically call for the migrant to meet a set of minimum skill requirements and to have a job offer before a work visa can be issued. On the other, migrant-driven schemes typically do not require a job offer, and instead select the migrant based on a set of characteristics chosen by the policymaker. Employer-driven schemes are the dominant policy tool in the sample of countries we consider in the analysis, and only Australia, Canada and New Zealand have made migrant-driven schemes the mainstay of their skill selective immigration policy. The preliminary evidence we review suggests that the latter are more effective in increasing the skill level of the immigrant population, and casts doubts on the usefulness of new initiatives like the EU blue card that are still based on an employer-driven system." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Roma integration in European labor markets: Nuclei of evidence tell a grim story, but a veil of ignorance impedes policy efforts (2014)
Zitatform
Kahanec, Martin (2014): Roma integration in European labor markets. Nuclei of evidence tell a grim story, but a veil of ignorance impedes policy efforts. (IZA world of labor 39), Bonn, 10 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.39
Abstract
"Eine bessere Arbeitsmarktintegration der Roma in Europa ist eine moralische und ökonomische Verpflichtung. Die soziale und wirtschaftliche Deklassierung der Roma, Vorbehalte und Ablehnung schaden auch der Allgemeinheit. Politikinterventionen sollten nicht am Individuum, sondern der Lebensgemeinschaft der Roma vor Ort ansetzen. Nur wenn räumliche und soziale Abspaltung gezielt vermieden wird, kann es gelingen, den Teufelskreis multipler Benachteiligung zu durchbrechen. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit muss dabei die Gefahr der 'Vererbung' von Armut und Bildungsferne innerhalb der Roma-Familien und die Chancengleichheit auf den Arbeitsmärkten erhalten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Hier finden Sie die deutsche Kurzfassung -
Literaturhinweis
When extremes converge: German and Canadian labor migration policy compared (2014)
Kolb, Holger;Zitatform
Kolb, Holger (2014): When extremes converge. German and Canadian labor migration policy compared. In: Comparative Migration Studies, Jg. 2, H. 1, S. 57-75. DOI:10.5117/CMS2014.1.KOLB
Abstract
"Not only but particularly in terms of labor migration policy Germany and Canada are widely perceived as being situated at opposite ends of the spectrum. Whereas Canada has for a long time been enjoying a reputation of being one or even the role model for countries seeking to develop a flexible and welcoming immigration scheme that is nonetheless responsive to shortages and demands of specific sectors of the national labor market, the German system has been suffering from the suspicion of being not only structurally hostile towards immigrants but also of featuring a structural one-sidedness in terms of its steering, control and recruitment instruments. Against the background of major immigration reforms in the segment of highly skilled labor migration in both countries the paper describes and analyzes the core elements of these recent policy reforms, arguing that Canada and Germany as of 2013 increasingly display more similarities than differences in their high-skilled labor immigration policy. Both countries have departed from extreme and one-sided steering approaches and now run 'hybrid systems' that aim at making use of the advantages of different steering and recruitment approaches." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitsmigration nach Österreich - Eckpunkte und erste Erfahrungen zur Rot-Weiß-Rot-Karte (2014)
Kreuzhuber, Margit;Zitatform
Kreuzhuber, Margit (2014): Arbeitsmigration nach Österreich - Eckpunkte und erste Erfahrungen zur Rot-Weiß-Rot-Karte. In: Zeitschrift für Ausländerrecht und Ausländerpolitik, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. 13-19.
Abstract
"Seit 1.7.2011 erfolgt die Arbeitsmigration aus Drittstaaten nach Österreich mittels Rot-Weiß-Rot-Karte (RWR-Karte). Es handelt sich dabei um ein Hybridmodell, in dem humankapitalorientierte (Punktesystem) und arbeitgeberbezogene (Erfordernis Arbeitsplatzangebot) Steuerungselemente kombiniert werden. Die Erfahrungen der letzten 2 1/2 Jahre mit dem neuen Zuwanderungssystem sind positiv; um das Potential der RWR-Karte noch besser nutzen zu können, sollten nun nächste Schritte gesetzt werden." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Labour mobility in the EU: recent trends and policies (2014)
Riso, Sara; Andersen, Tine; Secher, Johan Ernest Olivier;Zitatform
Riso, Sara, Johan Ernest Olivier Secher & Tine Andersen (2014): Labour mobility in the EU. Recent trends and policies. Dublin, 76 S. DOI:10.2806/74031
Abstract
"The European Commission promotes geographical mobility as a strategy to reduce discrepancies between supply and demand in European labour markets. While migration levels are low within and across EU Member States by comparison with other OECD regions, the proportion of EU migrants working in the EU is rising. EU-level efforts to promote mobility are sometimes overshadowed at national level by concerns over the potential negative effects of migrant inflows including the undercutting of local wage rates, the abuse of welfare systems and the financial burden that inactive migrants may put on welfare systems. This report documents the current picture of labour mobility within the EU, and puts forward some policy pointers for facilitating the flow of workers while minimising abuses of the migrant worker system and making for smoother transitions for migrant workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Beyond national models?: governing migration and integration at the regional and local levels in Canada and Germany (2014)
Schmidtke, Oliver;Zitatform
Schmidtke, Oliver (2014): Beyond national models? Governing migration and integration at the regional and local levels in Canada and Germany. In: Comparative Migration Studies, Jg. 2, H. 1, S. 77-99. DOI:10.5117/CMS2014.1.SCHM
Abstract
"This comparison of Canada and Germany focuses on a particular dimension of these countries' respective approaches to governing migration and integration. It is guided by a key conceptual assumption: Cities and regions have become important laboratories for deliberating, developing, and implementing immigration and, in particular, integration policies. With this analytical lens, the article investigates the form and degree to which subnational levels of government have come to play a more prominent role in this policy field. Both Canada and Germany show a comparable diffusion of governance authority across different levels of government. Yet the factors driving this development vary considerably across national contexts. While Canada's multicultural policy has set a comprehensive national framework for addressing the task of migrant integration, in Germany the momentum in this policy field has moved decisively to regions and cities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
International migration outlook 2014 (2014)
Zitatform
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2014): International migration outlook 2014. (International migration outlook 38), Paris, 425 S. DOI:10.1787/migr_outlook-2014-en
Abstract
"Die dauerhafte Zuwanderung nach Deutschland ist im vergangenen Jahr so stark angestiegen wie in keinem anderen OECD-Land. Nach vorläufigen Zahlen kamen 2013 etwa 465.000 Menschen dauerhaft in das Land - mehr als doppelt so viele wie 2007. In der OECD ist Deutschland das zweitbeliebteste Zielland hinter den USA.
Die aktuelle Ausgabe des 'International Migration Outlook' vermittelt einen allgemeinen Überblick über die jüngsten Entwicklungen im internationalen Migrationsgeschehen. Darüber hinaus erörtert der Bericht, welche Maßnahmen genutzt werden können, um die Kompetenzen von Zuwanderern zu identifizieren und ihr Potenzial voll zu nutzen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku) -
Literaturhinweis
The slump and immigration policy in Europe (2013)
Hatton, Timothy J.;Zitatform
Hatton, Timothy J. (2013): The slump and immigration policy in Europe. (CReAM discussion paper 2014,01), London, 22 S.
Abstract
"Historical experience suggests that when a period of rising immigration is followed by a sudden slump, this can trigger a policy backlash. This has not occurred in the current recession. This paper examines three links in the chain between the slump and immigration policy. First, although immigration flows have responded to the slump, and immigrants have borne more than their share of the burden, this has done little to protect the employment of non-Immigrants. Second, despite the recession for Europe as a whole, attitudes to immigration have not changed very much, and they have been influenced more by fiscal concerns than by rising unemployment. Third, while far right parties have used the recession to renew the political pressure for tougher immigration policies, governments have been constrained by the composition of immigration and by EU regulation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Einwanderungspolitik
- Auswirkungen von Migration
- Wanderungsmotivation und Rückwanderung
- Arbeitslosigkeit und Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Qualifikation, Bildung und Beschäftigung
- Integration und soziale Teilhabe
- internationale Aspekte
- Personengruppen