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Verwiebe, Roland, Bernhard Kittel, Fanny Dellinger, Christina Liebhart, David Schiestl, Raimund Haindorfer & Bernd Liedl (2019): Finding your way into employment against all odds? Successful job search of refugees in Austria. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 45, H. 9, S. 1401-1418. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2018.1552826

Abstract

"Labour market entry poses enormous challenges for recently arrived refugees, ranging from language barriers, devaluation of human capital, unfamiliarity with customs of the job search process to outright discrimination. How can refugees overcome these challenges and quickly enter gainful employment? In this paper, we draw on interviews with 26 male and female refugees from Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq and Iran, conducted in 2017 and 2018, who came to Austria in 2015 and 2014 and who have successfully entered employment. We depict refugees' own perspectives on and strategies for fast job entry and integration. Personal agency and a proactive approach of seeking and seizing opportunities are key for overcoming initial barriers and entering upon positive integration pathways. At the same time, refugees' personal agency is essential for establishing social ties to the host society, which also play a crucial role in early labour market integration. Finally, institutions of the Austrian labour market (the 'apprenticeship'-system) interact with refugees' agency in most intricate ways, both setting up nearly insurmountable barriers but also providing specific opportunities for refugees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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OECD (2019): How do OECD countries compare in their attractiveness for talented migrants? (Migration policy debates 19), Paris, 8 S.

Abstract

"Talented and skilled individuals have a key role to play in countries' future prosperity. They hold jobs that are key for innovation and technological progress and ultimately contribute to stronger economic growth with other employment opportunities and better living conditions for all. OECD countries increasingly compete to attract and retain talented workers notably by adopting more favourable migration policies for the best and the brightest. This competition has led to a convergence of policy frameworks but significant differences in policies and practices remain. Beyond conditions for migration, many other factors contribute to shape countries' attractiveness for foreign talent.
This issue of Migration Policy Debates presents the results of the first edition of the OECD Indicators of Talent Attractiveness, developed by the OECD with support from the Bertelsmann Stiftung. The OECD Indicators of Talent Attractiveness (ITA) measure for the first time the relative attractiveness of countries from a multidimensional perspective focusing on three types of talented migrants: highly skilled workers at master/PhD level, international students in tertiary education and foreign entrepreneurs. This aims at better understanding and comparing strengths and weaknesses of different OECD countries and can help elaborating public policies that are more effective." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hosner, Daniela, Doris Schmoller & Eva Heckl (2018): Early Intervention. Strategien und Maßnahmen in Deutschland - Lessons learnt für Österreich. (AMS report 128), Wien, 65 S.

Abstract

"Die diesem AMS report zugrundeliegende Studie, die mit Jahresbeginn 2018 von der KMU Forschung Austria im Auftrag der Abt. Arbeitsmarktforschung und Berufsinformation des AMS Österreich abgeschlossen wurde, zielt darauf ab, einen Überblick über Early-Intervention- Strategien und Early-Intervention-Ansätze sowie entsprechende Maßnahmen in Deutschland zu präsentieren, die Situation in Österreich kurz zu skizzieren und Schlussfolgerungen im Hinblick auf die Gestaltung solcher Early-Intervention-Maßnahmen hierzulande zu ziehen. Im Rahmen der Studie wurden ausschließlich qualitative Methoden der Sozialforschung angewandt. Kernelemente waren dabei eine umfassende Internet-Recherche bzw. eine Dokumenten- und Literaturanalyse sowie ExpertInneninterviews (17 Interviews). In Deutschland wurden die Interviews mit Fachkräften der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) bzw. von Länderagenturen (Bayern, Niedersachsen-Bremen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Sachsen-Anhalt-Thüringen) geführt, in Österreich mit ExpertInnen der Bundesgeschäftsstelle und der Landesgeschäftsstellen des Arbeitsmarktservice (AMS) sowie der Sozialpartnerorganisationen. Die ExpertInnenmeinungen im Rahmen der Interviews wurden dabei als Grundlage für die Maßnahmenauswahl im Sinne von Early Intervention herangezogen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Kanduth, Anna (2018): Arbeitsmarktintegration von Flüchtlingen in Österreich. Eine empirische Analyse. In: WISO, Jg. 41, H. 2, S. 61-80.

Abstract

"Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht mittels Paneldaten des Hauptverbandes der österreichischen Sozialversicherungsträger die Effekte demografischer Merkmale und wirtschaftspolitisch beeinflussbarer Größen auf die Beschäftigung und Arbeitslosigkeit asylberechtigter Personen. Die Ergebnisse der Pooled OLS und Fixed Effects Schätzungen zeigen, dass eine Beschäftigung während des Asylverfahrens und eine Verkürzung des Asylverfahrens bei gleichbleibender Aufenthaltsdauer positive Auswirkungen auf die Arbeitsmarktintegration haben. Frühzeitige Schulungen, die vor allem für gering qualifizierte Flüchtlinge vorgesehen sind, verringern die Anzahl der Tage in einer Beschäftigung und erhöhen die Arbeitslosigkeit. Im Laufe des Integrationsprozesses holen die Schulungsteilnehmer/innen jedoch auf." (Autorenreferat, © ISW-Linz)

Zitatform

Konle-Seidl, Regina (2018): Integration of refugees in Austria, Germany and Sweden. Comparative analysis. Brüssel, 60 S.

Abstract

"This note presents a comparative analysis of policies and practices to facilitate the labour market integration of beneficiaries of international protection in the main destination countries of asylum seekers in 2015/2016, namely Austria, Germany and Sweden. It focuses on the development of policy strategies to adapt the asylum and integration system to the high numbers of new arrivals. Special attention is given to the political discourse and public opinion on asylum and integration of refugees. Innovative approaches with respect to labour market integration are highlighted as well as gaps. Finally, the study includes lessons learned from recent policy developments as well as policy recommendations in order to improve labour market integration of asylum seekers and refugees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Pallmann, Ildikó, Matthias Knuth, Franka Kretschmer, Alena Babeyeva, Miguel Montero Lange, Vivien Hellwig, Majra Nissen, Hannah Poppenwimmer, Hilke Oltmanns, Hanna Hiltner, Janine Ziegler, Schahrzad Farrokhzad & Czarina Wilpert (2018): Spezifische Herausforderungen der Arbeitsmarktintegration geflüchteter Frauen. (Profile der Neueinwanderung 2018), Berlin: Mensch und Buch Verlag, 176 S.

Abstract

"Bei der vierten Publikation der Reihe "Profile der Neueinwanderung" handelt es sich um eine erweiterte und überarbeitete Neuauflage der Ausgabe 2017. Sie gibt interessante Einblicke in die praktische Arbeit mit geflüchteten Frauen in Deutschland und Österreich. Basierend auf ihren Erfahrungen und Erkenntnissen analysieren fünf Projekte, die sich mit ihrem Angebot spezifisch an geflüchtete Frauen richten, unter welchen Bedingungen eine gleichberechtigte Teilhabe geflüchteter Frauen am Arbeitsmarkt gelingen kann, beziehungsweise, was ihrer Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt bisher entgegensteht." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
Inhalt:
Pallmann, Ildiko: Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt - Spezifische Herausforderungen für geflüchtete Frauen
Poppenwimmer, Hannah: Kompetenzcheck: Arbeitsmarktmigration von Frauen mit Fluchterfahrung in Österreich
Babeyeva, Alena; Hellwig, Vivien; Hiltner, Hanna; Kretschmer, Franka; Nissen, Majra; Oltmanns, Hilke: Arbeitsmarktintegration geflüchteter Frauen im Rahmen des Förderprogramms IQ
Farrokhazad, Schahrzad: Teilhabe geflüchteter Frauen am Arbeitsmarkt - Ausgangslage, Hürden, Handlungsstrategien
Knuth, Matthias: Auf alten Wegen zu neuen Zielgruppen - und wie Geflüchtete Frauen dabei verpasst werden
Montero Lange, Miguel; Ziegler, Janine: Die Arbeitsmarktintegration geflüchteter Frauen: Zahlen, Fakten und internationale Erfahrungen
Wilpert, Czarina: Wege zur sozialen und ökonomischen Teilhabe.

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Rosenberger, Sieglinde & Sabine Koppers (2018): Claiming control: Cooperation with return as a condition for social benefits in Austria and the Netherlands. In: Comparative Migration Studies, Jg. 6, S. 1-18. DOI:10.1186/s40878-018-0085-3

Abstract

"Theoretically embedded in the migration/social policy nexus, this paper investigates cooperation with return (CWR) as a policy tool to remove practical deportation barriers for third-country nationals pending removal. Based on legal and policy documents and expert interviews with stakeholders in Austria and the Netherlands, the paper asks how CWR is implemented and what influence it has, both on migration control aims and on access to social rights. We argue that the politicization of the issue and diverging interests between policy networks of welfare and migration affect the regulation and implementation of the tool. By comparing the use of CWR within two country contexts, the analysis presented here adds valuable insights on features of governmental instruments in response to the 'deportation gap'. The paper further adds to the literature on sanction-oriented, personalized migration policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Abstract

"Die Integration von Migranten geschieht dort, wo die Menschen sind: an ihren Arbeitsplätzen, in ihrer Nachbarschaft oder in Schulen. 'Working Together for Local Integration of Migrants and Refugees' beschreibt, wie lokale und übergeordnete Behörden sowie Regierungs- und Nichtregierungsakteure zusammenarbeiten müssen, damit Integration gelingt. Der OECD-Bericht stützt sich dabei auf quantitative und qualitative Daten aus 72 Städten, darunter neun große europäische Städte (Amsterdam, Athen, Barcelona, Berlin, Glasgow, Göteborg, Paris, Rom und Wien) und die nordrhein-westfälische Kleinstadt Altena, zu denen tiefergehende Einzelfallstudien erstellt wurden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Borjas, George J. & Joan Monras (2017): The labour market consequences of refugee supply shocks. In: Economic policy, Jg. 32, H. 91, S. 361-413. DOI:10.1093/epolic/eix007

Abstract

"The continuing inflow of hundreds of thousands of refugees into many European countries has ignited much political controversy and raised questions that require a fuller understanding of the determinants and consequences of refugee supply shocks. This paper revisits four historical refugee shocks to document their labour market impact. Specifically, we examine: The influx of Marielitos into Miami in 1980; the influx of French repatriates and Algerian nationals into France at the end of the Algerian Independence War in 1962; the influx of Jewish émigrés into Israel after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s; and the exodus of refugees from the former Yugoslavia during the long series of Balkan wars between 1991 and 2001. We use a common empirical approach, derived from factor demand theory, and publicly available data to measure the impact of these shocks. Despite the differences in the political forces that motivated the various flows, and in economic conditions across receiving countries, the evidence reveals a common thread that confirms key insights of the canonical model of a competitive labour market: Exogenous supply shocks adversely affect the labour market opportunities of competing natives in the receiving countries, and often have a favorable impact on complementary workers. In short, refugee flows can have large distributional consequences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Dahlvik, Julia (2017): Asylum as construction work: Theorizing administrative practices. In: Migration studies, Jg. 5, H. 3, S. 369-388. DOI:10.1093/migration/mnx043

Abstract

"This paper understands the administration of asylum as a vital element of the current migration regime in Europe, and investigates the migration regime 'at work' through an ethnographic case study of street-level bureaucracy. With a focus on the understudied role of social construction in the asylum procedure, I argue that the social practices of decision-making officials in determining refugee status go beyond labelling and categorization, and include the construction of facts, artefacts and (in)credibility. The argument is based on a qualitative investigation of the former Austrian Federal Asylum Office, including interviews with government officials in different positions, participant observation of asylum hearings and office life, and the analysis of documents, particularly records. While previous empirical studies of the asylum procedure tend to lack a broader theoretical embedding of their findings, this paper seeks to link empirical evidence to post-constructivist and structuration theories. Drawing on this theoretical background to explain and frame the observed practices of the asylum administration, I analyse how the diverse construction processes can be understood as a key characteristic of the present migration regime. Consequently, I argue that the perspective of structure and agency not only emphasizes the interdependence of the different levels of action but also highlights the contingency and volatility of the regime 'at work,' as it is necessarily reproduced and reinvented by bureaucrats in the process of determining refugee status. I conclude by pointing out that the structures of the migration regime might not be as entrenched as they seem at first glance." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Pfeffer, Thomas (2017): Bundling measures to an 'integration year'. Peer country comments paper - Austria. Brüssel, 17 S.

Abstract

"- Similar to Germany, Austria is among the countries with the highest inflows of asylum seekers 2015-17 (in relative terms).
- Similar to Germany, Austria has federal states, which play an important role in (labour market) integration. The way in which they execute this role seems to differ.
- The Austrian labour market seems to be more restrictive towards asylum seekers than the German one.
- While Austria has more (three) federal agencies responsible for the integration of refugees than Germany (two), the responsibility of labour market integration seems to be clearer than in Germany. On the federal level, it is only the public employment service AMS.
- Due to the clear responsibility of the AMS for labour market integration, the competence clearance via the Competence Check, and the bundling of measures in the Integration Year, labour market integration seems to be more synchronised in Austria than in Germany." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Barslund, Mikkel, Matthias Busse, Karolien Lenaerts, Lars Ludolph & Vilde Renman (2016): Labour market integration of refugees. A comparative survey of Bosnians in five EU countries. (CEPS special report 155), Brüssel, 27 S.

Abstract

"This study traces the integration experience of Bosnian refugees from the Balkan wars with the aim of drawing lessons for the current wave of refugees entering Europe. Integration is a slow-moving process. Looking closely at Bosnian refugees enables us to see past immediate integration outcomes and take a longer-term view. Another consideration in the design of this study is that there is significant overlap among the countries affected by the two refugee crises. Austria, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden all saw a large absolute and relative influx of refugees in both 2015 and in the years between 1992 and 1995, when the largest share of Bosnians arrived in Western Europe. The study carries out an in-depth examination of their labour market integration in those five countries.
This research was funded by the Mercator Foundation in the context of the MEDAM Project (Mercator Dialogue on Asylum and Migration)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Biffl, Gudrun (2016): Chancen und Risiken der Flüchtlingszuwanderung für die Wirtschaft. In: Wiso. Wirtschafts- und sozialpolitische Zeitschrift des ISW, Jg. 39, H. 3, S. 107-122.

Abstract

"Den jüngsten Meinungsumfragen zufolge birgt die jüngste Flüchtlingszuwanderung die Gefahr einer Spaltung der Bevölkerung, wenn es nicht gelingen sollte, die Flüchtlinge so rasch wie möglich ins Erwerbsleben zu integrieren. Um dies zu bewerkstelligen, braucht es nicht nur Aus- und Weiterbildung für Flüchtlinge, sondern auch Infrastrukturmaßnahmen und ein gezieltes Schnittstellenmanagement, das Flüchtlinge und offene Stellen zusammenführt. Die damit verbundenen Ausgaben sind einer Investition gleichzusetzen, die langfristig Erträge in der Form von Steigerungen des Wirtschaftswachstums und der Wohlfahrt abwerfen können." (Autorenreferat, © ISW-Linz)

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Buber-Ennser, Isabella, Judith Kohlenberger, Bernhard Rengs, Zakarya Al Zalak, Anne Goujon, Erich Striessnig, Michaela Potancoková, Richard Gisser, Maria Rita Testa & Wolfgang Lutz (2016): Human capital, values, and attitudes of persons seeking refuge in Austria in 2015. In: PLoS one, Jg. 11, H. 9, S. 1-29. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0163481

Abstract

"Since its inception in 2010, the Arab Spring has evolved into a situation of violent conflict in many countries, leading to high levels of migration from the affected region. Given the social impact of the large number of individuals applying for asylum across Europe in 2015, it is important to study who these persons are in terms of their skills, motivations, and intentions. DiPAS (Displaced Persons in Austria Survey) aims to uncover the socio-demographic characteristics of the persons seeking refuge who arrived in Austria in 2015, mainly originating from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan. Particular focus is on human capital, attitudes and values. This survey, the first of its kind in Austria and possibly in Europe, was carried out among adult displaced persons, mostly residing in Vienna, yielding 514 completed interviews. Information gathered on spouses and children allows for the analysis of 972 persons living in Austria, and of further 419 partners and children abroad. Results indicate that the surveyed population comprised mainly young families with children, particularly those coming from Syria and Iraq. Their educational level is high compared with the average level in their country of origin. A vast majority of respondents are Muslims, rating their religiosity at medium levels. Judging from stated attitudes towards gender equity, interviewed men seem to have more liberal attitudes than their compatriots. The majority of respondents do not intend to return to their home countries, mostly because of the perception of permanent threat. DiPAS provides data for political decision-making and the on-going societal dialogue. Its findings can help to inform assessments about the integration potential of the displaced population into the host society. In addition, the applied methodological technique and experiences during the fieldwork provide valuable insights on sampling asylum seekers and refugees in the current European context." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Fóti, Klára & Andrea Fromm (2016): Approaches to the labour market integration of refugees and asylum seekers. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Dublin, 54 S. DOI:10.2806/18416

Abstract

"This report expands on existing research on the labour market integration of refugees and asylum seekers as a response to the refugee crisis. It updates information on legislation and practical arrangements in the first half of 2016, examines labour market integration in the broader context of receiving asylum seekers and supporting both them and refugees, and explores the role of the social partners. The study finds that the main countries affected made many efforts to provide faster and easier access to their labour markets for asylum seekers. In some, the social partners have been active in designing more effective labour market integration policies and have launched some promising initiatives. The sudden and large inflow of asylum seekers, however, posed many challenges, and it remains to be seen how those obstacles can be overcome." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Konle-Seidl, Regina (2016): Arbeitsintegration von Flüchtlingen - Determinanten und Erfahrungen in europäischen Ländern. In: Wirtschaftspolitische Blätter, Jg. 63, H. 3, S. 607-621.

Abstract

"Der Beitrag geht auf wesentliche Determinanten der Arbeitsintegration von Fluchtmigranten ein, zeigt noch bestehende rechtliche Hürden des Arbeitsmarktzugangs auf und diskutiert arbeits-und integrationsfördernde Unterstützungsmaßnahmen vor dem Hintergrund der bisherigen Erfahrungen mit der Integration von Flüchtlingen in Europa." (Autorenreferat, © MANZ Verlag, Wien)
Der Beitrag ist eine gekürzte und aktualisierte Fassung einer Studie zur Arbeitsintegration von Flüchtlingen, die Frau Konle-Seidl für das Europäische Parlament verfasst hat.

Zitatform

Konle-Seidl, Regina (2016): Labour market integration of refugees. Strategies and good practices. Brüssel, 55 S.

Abstract

"This Policy Department A study provides the Employment and Social Affairs Committee with an analytical review of literature to identify key elements of a strategy for labour market integration of refugees. Strategies and policies are illustrated by examples and good practices from various Member States based upon evidence or expert assessment. The study finds a high degree of international consensus on key elements for a successful integration strategy taking up lessons from the past and research findings. However, a number of challenges for research and policy remain." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Krings, Torben (2016): Die betriebliche Integration von Flüchtlingen. Ergebnisse einer Unternehmensbefragung in Oberösterreich. In: Wiso. Wirtschafts- und sozialpolitische Zeitschrift des ISW, Jg. 39, H. 3, S. 123-134.

Abstract

"Die aktuelle Fluchtmigration stellt Österreich vor neue integrationspolitische Herausforderungen, nicht zuletzt auch im Hinblick auf den Arbeitsmarkt. Dieser Artikel untersucht, inwieweit bei oberösterreichischen Betrieben eine Bereitschaft zur Einstellung von Flüchtlingen besteht. Auf Grundlage einer schriftlichen Befragung in drei Branchen, dem Bau, dem Einzelhandel und der Gastronomie, wird gezeigt, dass viele Unternehmen der Einstellung von Flüchtlingen offen gegenüberstehen." (Autorenreferat, © ISW-Linz)

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Grieger, Nadine (2015): Anerkannte Flüchtlinge und subsidiär Schutzberechtigte am Arbeitsmarkt. Spezialthema zum Arbeitsmarkt, September 2015. Wien, 4 S.

Abstract

"Ende September 2015 waren 18.968 anerkannte Flüchtlinge und subsidiär Schutzberechtigte in Österreich beim Arbeitsmarktservice gemeldet. Das entspricht einer Zunahme von rund 50% gegenüber dem Vorjahresmonat und einem Anteil von 4,8% an allen beim Arbeitsmarktservice arbeitslos gemeldeten oder in Schulung befindlichen Personen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Corrigan, Owen (2014): Migrant deprivation, conditionality of legal status and the welfare state. In: Journal of European social policy, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 223-239. DOI:10.1177/0958928714525819

Abstract

"This article adds to our theoretical understanding of the determination of third-country national (TCN) migrant deprivation and poverty in western Europe. The stratifying effects of different types of legal status on migrant outcomes have been established in previous research. The conditionality that states attach to securing different types of legal status has heretofore been overlooked as an important explanatory factor, however. A measure of the conditionality attached to attaining the key social rights - granting status of long-term residency (LTR) is operationalized using cross-national policy data. Building on existing theory, we hypothesize that the negative impact of welfare generosity on TCN material deprivation is moderated by a state's level of LTR conditionality, such that deprivation will be greatest where conditionality is high and generosity is low. This hypothesis is tested using large-scale European microdata in the context of multilevel modelling. The empirical results are consistent with the central hypothesis. These findings have implications for policymakers and for extant accounts of migrant welfare, the welfare state and the factors implicated in the determination of poverty and deprivation in Europe." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))