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Mindestlohn

Seit Inkrafttreten des Mindestlohngesetzes am 1. Januar 2015 gilt ein allgemeingültiger flächendeckender Mindestlohn in Deutschland. Lohnuntergrenzen gibt es in beinahe allen europäischen Staaten und den USA. Die Mindestlohn-Gesetze haben das Ziel, Lohn-Dumping, also die nicht verhältnismäßige Bezahlung von Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmern, zu verhindern.
Dieses Themendossier dokumentiert die Diskussion rund um die Einführung des flächendeckenden Mindestlohns in Deutschland und die Ergebnisse empirischer Forschung der zu flächendeckenden und branchenspezifischen Mindestlöhnen. Mit dem Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.

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  • Literaturhinweis

    WSI-Mindestlohnbericht 2023: Kaufkraftsicherung als zentrale Aufgabe in Zeiten hoher Inflation (2023)

    Lübker, Malte; Schulten, Thorsten;

    Zitatform

    Lübker, Malte & Thorsten Schulten (2023): WSI-Mindestlohnbericht 2023. Kaufkraftsicherung als zentrale Aufgabe in Zeiten hoher Inflation. (WSI-Report 82), Düsseldorf, 19 S.

    Abstract

    "Die rasant gestiegenen Verbraucherpreise belasten Beschäftigte mit niedrigen Einkommen in besonderem Maße. Deswegen ist es derzeit eine vordringliche Aufgabe der Lohnpolitik, die Kaufkraft der Mindestlöhne zu sichern. Wie der diesjährige WSI-Mindestlohnbericht zeigt, ist dies trotz einer deutlichen Anhebung der nominalen Mindestlöhne zum 1. Januar 2023 nur in rund der Hälfte der EU-Länder gelungen. Vor diesem Hintergrund verfolgt die neue Europäische Mindestlohnrichtlinie das Ziel, allen Beschäftigten einen angemessenen Mindestlohn zu garantieren. Das Kriterium der Angemessenheit beinhaltet, dass die EU-Mitgliedsländer künftig bei der Anpassung der Mindestlöhne deren jeweilige Kaufkraft, also die zugrunde liegenden Lebenshaltungskosten, mitberücksichtigen müssen. Dies stellt auch in Deutschland die hierzulande zuständige Mindestlohnkommission vor neuen Handlungsbedarf." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    International Trade Responses to Labor Market Regulations (2023)

    Muñoz, Mathilde;

    Zitatform

    Muñoz, Mathilde (2023): International Trade Responses to Labor Market Regulations. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 31876), Cambridge, Mass, 61 S.

    Abstract

    "This paper studies how differences in labor market regulations shape countries' comparative advantage in the cross-border provision of labor-intensive services, using administrative data in Europe for the last two decades. I exploit exogenous variation in labor taxes and minimum wages faced by exporting firms engaged in a large European trade program. Firms from different countries compete to supply the same physical service in the same location but their employees are subject to different payroll taxes and minimum wages. These rules varied across countries, sectors, and over time. Reduced-form country case-studies as well as model-implied gravity estimates show evidence of large trade responses to lower labor taxes and minimum wages, with an elasticity that is around one. The Bolkestein directive, by exempting foreign firms from all labor regulations in the destination country, would have doubled exports of physical services from Eastern European countries, rationalizing the wave of protests in high-wage countries that led to the withdrawal of the proposal." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Regulating low wages: cross-national policy variation and outcomes (2023)

    Pedersen, Siri Hansen ; Picot, Georg ;

    Zitatform

    Pedersen, Siri Hansen & Georg Picot (2023): Regulating low wages: cross-national policy variation and outcomes. In: Socio-economic review, Jg. 21, H. 4, S. 2093-2116. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwad019

    Abstract

    "This article provides a comparative analysis of three central policies to regulate low wages: statutory minimum wages, state support for collective bargaining and topping up low wages with public transfers (in-work benefits). We map the variation of these policies across 33 OECD countries and analyze the incidence of low-wage employment they are associated with. We find three approaches to regulating low wages. In the first, 'wage scale protection', states put most emphasis on supporting collective bargaining. In the second, 'bare minimum', there is not much else than the statutory minimum wage. In the third, 'state pay', the statutory minimum wage is supplemented by sizeable public financial support for low earners. When analyzing policy outcomes, 'wage scale protection' is associated with least low-wage employment. For 'bare minimum', much depends on the level of the statutory minimum wage. Although 'state pay' props up workers' disposable income, many workers receive low gross pay." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Labor Market and Wage Developments in Europe 2023 (2023)

    Zitatform

    (2023): Labor Market and Wage Developments in Europe 2023. (Labour market and wage developments in Europe : annual review), Luxembourg, 138 S.

    Abstract

    "The Labor Market and Wage Developments in Europe report analyses the labor market from a macroeconomic perspective. This year’s edition discusses the situation and prospects for the EU labor market, which has continued to perform well notwithstanding the economic slowdown and an economic context characterised by persistent uncertainty. The report also reviews recent wage and labor cost developments in the EU and its Member States in the current high-inflation environment. While wage growth has been robust, it has not been sufficient to compensate for the high inflation. At the same time, statutory minimum wage policies have contributed to protecting the purchasing power of minimum-wage earners. Finally, the report examines the developments in working time across the EU, assessing how individual preferences have evolved following the COVID-19 pandemic and discussing the effects of working time policies on workers’ wellbeing and on the broader economic context." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Exploratory study - Publications Office of the EU: Final Report (2023)

    Abstract

    "This study explores the importance of financial incentives for the labor market integration of minimum income recipients compared to other factors, via three distinct strands of analysis: Benefit adequacy and work incentives: The study examines the potential trade-off in the design of minimum income schemes between ensuring adequate income support and providing sufficient incentive for recipients to look for employment. To do so, it calculates for each EU Member State the “participation tax rate” (PTR), which measures the net income lost by someone moving from receiving minimum income benefits into work relative to the income gained. It then assesses the actual importance of high PTRs on work incentives by analysing the empirical evidence available. Gradual phasing out of benefits: The study examines how minimum income schemes make use of tapering to ensure a financial incentive for recipients to take up (more) work. To do so, it takes inventory of the tapering arrangements currently applicable in Member States and examines how these are implemented. It also identifies recent reforms to tapering mechanisms, case studies on six recent reforms, and uses these to reflect on their impact. Active labor market policies for minimum income recipients: The study examines the use of active labour market policies and what types of policy may be most effective in enabling transition for minimum income benefit recipients. To do so, it performs a quantitative analysis of the data from the EU Labor Market Policy database and a qualitative analysis of evaluations of programs co-funded by the European Social Fund. In both cases long-term unemployed were used as a proxy for minimum income benefit recipients." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Die Entwicklung der gesetzlichen Mindestlohnsetzung in der EU und ihre Bedeutung für die Gewerkschaften (2022)

    Adam, Georg;

    Zitatform

    Adam, Georg (2022): Die Entwicklung der gesetzlichen Mindestlohnsetzung in der EU und ihre Bedeutung für die Gewerkschaften. In: Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, Jg. 48, H. 3, S. 365-406.

    Abstract

    "In der Europäischen Union bestehen auf nationaler Ebene sehr unterschiedliche Mindestlohnregime. Dieser Beitrag fokussiert auf den internationalen Vergleich von Mindestlohnregimen, wobei besonderes Augenmerk auf die Modi der gesetzlichen Festlegung von Mindestlöhnen gelegt wird. Darüber hinaus analysiert der Beitrag – ausgehend vom Konzept der Governance – den wechselseitigen Zusammenhang zwischen der gesetzlichen Mindestlohnsetzung und der Kollektivvertragspolitik. Drittens beleuchtet der Beitrag auf Grundlage des sogenannten Machtressourcenansatzes den Zusammenhang zwischen der Mindestlohnpolitik und den unterschiedlichen Dimensionen gewerkschaftlicher Macht. Insbesondere wird untersucht, unter welchen Bedingungen der gesetzliche Mindestlohn als institutionelle Machtressource der Gewerkschaften fungieren kann." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Minimum Wage and Collective Bargaining Reforms: A Narrative Database for Advance Economies (2022)

    Afonso, António ; Jalles, João Tovar ; Venter, Zoe;

    Zitatform

    Afonso, António, João Tovar Jalles & Zoe Venter (2022): Minimum Wage and Collective Bargaining Reforms: A Narrative Database for Advance Economies. (CESifo working paper 9692), München, 21 S.

    Abstract

    "This paper presents and describes a new database of major minimum wage and collective bargaining reforms covering 26 advanced economies over the period 1970-2020. The main advantage of this dataset is the precise identification of the nature and date of major reforms, which is valuable in many empirical applications. Based on the dataset, major changes in minimum wages have been more frequent than in collective bargaining in the last decades, and the majority of these were implemented during the 1980s and 1990s. In our empirical application, we find that minimum wage reforms have a medium-run positive impact on labor productivity and they lead to a fall in the unemployment rate. Collective bargaining reforms do not seem to affect either productivity or capital formation but they have a clear medium-term effect on the labor market. Moreover, collective bargaining reforms are more sensitivity to the prevailing business cycle conditions at the time of the reform (vis-à-vis minimum wage reforms)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Social and fiscal impacts of statutory minimum wages in EU countries: A microsimulation analysis with EUROMOD (2022)

    Grünberger, Klaus ; Narazani, Edlira ; Filauro, Stefano ; Kiss, Áron ;

    Zitatform

    Grünberger, Klaus, Edlira Narazani, Stefano Filauro & Áron Kiss (2022): Social and fiscal impacts of statutory minimum wages in EU countries. A microsimulation analysis with EUROMOD. In: IZA Journal of Labor Policy, Jg. 12, H. 1. DOI:10.2478/izajolp-2022-0009

    Abstract

    "This paper analyzes the effects of hypothetical MW (HMW) increases on social and fiscal outcomes in 21 European Union (EU) countries with a statutory national MW (NMW) based on a microsimulation approach using EUROMOD. The methodological challenges related to the use of available EU household survey data are described, along with the choices made to address these challenges. The paper assesses hypothetical scenarios in which countries with a statutory NMW increase their minimum wage (MW) to various reference values, set in relation to the gross national median and average wage. The model simulations suggest that MW increases can significantly reduce in-work poverty, wage inequality, and the gender pay gap, while generally improving the public budget balance. The implied wage increases for the beneficiaries are substantial, while the implied increases in the aggregate wage bill are generally modest. Extensions explore possible effects on employment and labor supply at the intensive margin." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Decent Wage Floors in Europe: Does the Minimum Wage Directive Get It Right? (2022)

    Haapanala, Henri ; Marx, Ive ; Parolin, Zachary ;

    Zitatform

    Haapanala, Henri, Ive Marx & Zachary Parolin (2022): Decent Wage Floors in Europe: Does the Minimum Wage Directive Get It Right? (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 15660), Bonn, 45 S.

    Abstract

    "The Directive on Adequate Minimum Wages represents a watershed initiative adding substance to the EU's social dimension. It contains two ambitious objectives: establishing the minimum level of statutory minimum wages (SMWs) at 60% of the gross median wage, and increasing collective bargaining coverage (CBC) to at least 80% of workers. In this paper, we assess how minimum wages and collective bargaining affect low pay. Using a time series cross-section of EU-SILC for income years 2004-2019, we identify and assess the absolute and relative size of 'effective wage floors' for full-time employees in 30 countries. We specify multilevel, random effects within-between (REWB) regression models to assess the individual and joint effects of SMW and CBC on wage floors. Our results indicate that SMW and CBC both have distinct roles to play in establishing the effective wage floor. First, countries with a statutory minimum wage have a lower share of workers earning below 60% gross median wage than countries without one. Furthermore, higher rates of CBC are essential for pushing down the share of workers on below-decent pay. Countries without a SMW but with CBC above the 80% target value have roughly the same proportion of below-decent pay as SMW countries with CBC less than 30-40%. However, at higher rates of CBC, SMW countries are predicted to overtake non-SMW countries on this measure. A hypothetical SMW country meeting the target value of 80% CBC is predicted to have less than 6.5% of full-time employees earning below-decent pay." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    WSI-Mindestlohnbericht 2022: Aufbruch zu einer neuen Mindestlohnpolitik in Deutschland und Europa (2022)

    Lübker, Malte; Schulten, Thorsten;

    Zitatform

    Lübker, Malte & Thorsten Schulten (2022): WSI-Mindestlohnbericht 2022. Aufbruch zu einer neuen Mindestlohnpolitik in Deutschland und Europa. (WSI-Report 71), Düsseldorf, 20 S.

    Abstract

    "Nicht nur in Deutschland steht der Mindestlohn derzeit weit oben auf der politischen Agenda – zahlreiche europäische Länder sind auf dem Weg zu strukturell höheren Mindestlöhnen. Als Richtwert für ein angemessenes Mindestlohnniveau gilt dabei die Schwelle von 60% des Medianlohns, die auch im Kontext der Europäischen Mindestlohninitiative diskutiert wird. Der diesjährige WSI-Mindestlohnbericht zeigt, dass Mindestlöhne in dieser Höhe umsetzbar sind, wenn hierfür eine klare politische Richtungsentscheidung getroffen wird. Deutschland würde sich mit der geplanten Anhebung des Mindestlohns auf 12 € diesem Richtwert annähern und damit innerhalb Europas vom bisherigen Nachzügler bei Mindestlohnerhöhungen zum Vorreiter in der Mindestlohnpolitik werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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    Englische Version
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Der flüchtige Beschäftigungseffekt des Mindestlohns (2022)

    Manning, Alan ;

    Zitatform

    Manning, Alan (2022): Der flüchtige Beschäftigungseffekt des Mindestlohns. In: A. Heise & T. Pusch (Hrsg.) (2022): Mindestlöhne – Szenen einer Wissenschaft, S. 137-174.

    Abstract

    "Mit der Vielzahl von Papieren, die versuchen, den Effekt von Mindestlöhnen auf die Beschäftigung zu schätzen, steigt die Gefahr, den Blick auf die Frage nach dem 'Warum' zu verlieren. Insbesondere auf die Frage, warum es so schwer ist, negative Beschäftigungseffekte von Mindestlöhnen auszumachen. Vielleicht gibt es gewisse ökonomische Faktoren, die den kleinen und oftmals ambivalenten Effekt des Mindestlohns auf die Beschäftigung erklären? Oder vielleicht sind Arbeitsmärkte fundamental von anderen Märkten verschieden? Diese Anliegen sollen in diesem Beitrag diskutiert werden. Die Schlussfolgerung ist, dass der Beschäftigungseffekt des Mindestlohns schwer fassbar ist, aber auch, dass die Ökonomen hiervon nicht überrascht sein sollten, wenn man bedenkt, wie Arbeitsmärkte funktionieren, in denen Abweichungen vom vollständigen Wettbewerb viel größer sind als in vielen anderen Märkten. Tatsächlich mag es an der Zeit sein, dass die Forschung einen Schritt vorwärts macht und sich die Frage stellt, wie weit der Mindestlohn erhöht werden kann, ohne signifikante Beschäftigungseffekte auszulösen." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Minimum income across all ages: a focus on elderly people (2022)

    Natali, David; Terlizzi, Andrea ;

    Zitatform

    Natali, David & Andrea Terlizzi (2022): Minimum income across all ages: a focus on elderly people. (European Trade Union Institute. Working paper 2022,17), Brussels, 40 S.

    Abstract

    "The risk of poverty is a key issue for European countries. Irrespective of the uneven evolution of that risk – a sharp increase in the aftermath of the Great Recession of 2008 followed by an overall decrease in the past few years – people at risk of poverty represent a key target of social protection and social assistance schemes across the EU Member States and a persistent challenge for policymakers. In response to the call for tender proposed by the European Trade Union Institute (ETUI) and the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC), this paper explores some of the many dimensions of old-age poverty and considers the possibility of addressing at least some of these dimensions by means of a guaranteed minimum income for retired persons, including one that could be introduced or coordinated at European level. The paper is organised in three parts. Chapter 1 collects information on poverty risks across Europe and age groups (e.g. between working-age and elderly populations) to assess how people of both working and retirement age are affected by poverty. Some preliminary data shed light on the impact of the pandemic. Chapter 2 assesses minimum pension schemes across Europe (comparing these schemes for the elderly with minimum income schemes for those of working age), with some insights about their efficacy. We also identify the standards that should be kept in account for designing adequate minimum income policies after retirement. Chapter 3 summarises the recent debate at the EU level and suggests policy strategies to provide effective minimum income protection for elderly people to lead a life in dignity. The paper ends with some preliminary conclusions and remarks." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Regulating minimum wages and other forms of pay for the self-employed (2022)

    Welz, Christian; Cantero, Maria;

    Zitatform

    Welz, Christian & Maria Cantero (2022): Regulating minimum wages and other forms of pay for the self-employed. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Dublin, 67 S. DOI:10.2806/426747

    Abstract

    "This report is carried out in the context of the three-year pilot project (2021–2023), ‘Role of the minimum wage in establishing the Universal Labour Guarantee’, mandated to Eurofound by the European Commission. Its focus is module 3 of the project, investigating minimum wages and other forms of pay for the self-employed. Out of concern for the challenging conditions faced by certain groups of self-employed workers, some Member States have established or are in discussions about proposing some statutory forms of minimum pay for selected categories of the self-employed. The main objective of the report is to understand how minimum wages, wage rates, tariffs, fees and other forms of pay could be fixed for specific jobs or professions in sectors having a high level of ‘vulnerable’ workers, as well as ‘concealed’ self-employed. While the majority of Member States allow trade union representation, the right to collective bargaining for the selfemployed is much more limited. Only a small number of Member States provide examples of collectively agreed minimum wages or other forms of pay for the self-employed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The 2022 Minimum Income Report - Volume I: Joint Report Prepared by the Social Protection Committee (SPC) and the European Commission (DG EMPL) (2022)

    Abstract

    "The first joint report of the Social Protection Committee and the European Commission on minimum income arrives at a crucial moment for social Europe. Considering the current volatile socio-economic situation combined with various megatrends at play, solid safety nets are indispensable for the cohesion of our societies and for assisting those in need. It is evident that achieving the new European target of a reduction by at least 15 million of the number of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion in the EU by 2030 will require more efforts. The income of quasi-jobless households has been lagging behind the general income improvements, pointing to the key importance of strengthening social protection systems, and in particular also minimum income schemes, to cope with economic shocks and support vulnerable groups. As the report shows, large divergences between and within the Member States remain. Principle 14 of the European Pillar of Social Rights stresses the right to adequate minimum income to ensure a life in dignity at all stages of life, alongside effective access to enabling goods and services and, for those who can work, a (re)integration to the labour market. In 2020, the Council of the European Union reflected upon the importance of strengthening minimum income protection and acknowledged that such protection, accompanied by activation and social inclusion services, plays a vital role in mitigating the risk of poverty and social exclusion. The Council also invited the European Commission and the Social Protection Committee to ‘prepare periodically a joint report to analyse and review progress achieved in the development of minimum income protection in the Member States, building on the benchmarking framework for minimum income protection established at EU level.’ This current report responds directly to this call. It provides an overview of the current state of play of minimum income policies in the EU Member States, reflecting the three policy strands of active inclusion: adequate income support, inclusive labour markets and access to quality services. It reviews levels and trends in outcomes and performances of national systems, based on the selected indicators of the agreed benchmarking framework on minimum income. The analysis highlights that on average in the EU, adequacy of minimum income benefits has remained almost unchanged in the last decade in spite of some convergence reflecting the fact that new schemes have been introduced in some Member States and reforms have been carried out in others. Countries with higher coverage generally also show lower depth of poverty. Still, estimates available show that non-take-up of minimum income is high, at around 30 % to 50 % of the eligible population. In terms of facilitating labour market participation, the participation of minimum income beneficiaries in active labour market policy measures appears to be low and often limited to certain types of activities. Coordination with bodies offering other complementary benefits and services also appears to be a challenge in many instances." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Wage differentials and segmentation: The impact of institutions and changing economic conditions (2021)

    Arranz, José M. ; Fernández-Macías, Enrique ; García-Serrano, Carlos ;

    Zitatform

    Arranz, José M., Enrique Fernández-Macías & Carlos García-Serrano (2021): Wage differentials and segmentation: The impact of institutions and changing economic conditions. In: European journal of industrial relations, Jg. 27, H. 2, S. 203-227. DOI:10.1177/0959680120959008

    Abstract

    "This paper uses data from the European Survey on Income and Living Conditions to offer new empirical evidence on how wage differentials are influenced by the changing economic conditions, that is, before and after the 2008?2010 recession, and shaped by the different institutional frameworks of European Union countries. We examine whether wage changes are homogeneous across groups of workers, as they are classified by their contractual relationship and working time, and by the heterogeneity in institutions that regulate and affect the labour market. Results obtained by estimating ordinary least squares and quantile regressions confirm the existence of contract and working time wage gaps and allow to estimate their different magnitudes along the wage distribution, and their rise during the recession. The impact of labour market institutions on shaping them is diverse, with more intervention of the government in the setting of the minimum wage and stricter regulation for atypical contracts reducing the wage gaps and producing larger positive effects for low-wage employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    What accounts for differences in minimum wage growth between EU member states? (2021)

    Baumann, Arne ;

    Zitatform

    Baumann, Arne (2021): What accounts for differences in minimum wage growth between EU member states? (baua: Preprint / Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin), Dortmund, 23 S. DOI:10.21934/baua:preprint20210506

    Abstract

    "Der Beitrag vergleicht auf Basis eines innovativen Datensatzes das Mindestlohnwachstum in 18 EU-Mitgliedsstaaten (ohne Deutschland) in den Jahren 2000-2017 und analysiert die Faktoren, die auf das Mindestlohnwachstum Einfluss nehmen. Dabei wird überprüft, ob Unterschiede beim Mindestlohnwachstum mit institutionellen Unterschieden zwischen den Ländern zusammenhängen oder eher von Unterschieden im Pro-Kopf-Einkommen der Länder herrühren. Zu den institutionellen Unterschieden gehören die für die Anpassung des Mindestlohns verantwortlichen Akteure (z. B. Regierung, Sozialpartner, Experten), aber auch länderspezifische Wirtschaftsstrukturen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die Mindestlohnanpassungen in West- und Osteuropa nicht nur im Umfang sondern auch hinsichtlich der institutionellen Einflüsse deutlich unterscheiden. Die Wachstumsraten in Osteuropa sind merklich höher als in Westeuropa. Ursächlich hierfür ist jedoch nicht der osteuropäische Aufholprozess beim Pro-Kopf-Einkommen, sondern sehr viel aktiveres Regierungshandeln im Vergleich zu Westeuropa. In Westeuropa zeigt sich dagegen ein Zusammenhang zwischen dem Mindestlohnwachstum und der Struktur der Wirtschaft. Je mehr das Wirtschaftswachstum von Exporten abhängt, desto schwächer fällt das Wachstum des Mindestlohns aus. Umgekehrt gilt, dass ein größerer Einfluss des Binnenkonsums auf das Wirtschaftswachstum mit einem höheren Wachstum des Mindestlohns einhergeht." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Social and fiscal impacts of statutory minimum wages in EU countries: A microsimulation analysis with EUROMOD (2021)

    Grünberger, Klaus ; Narazani, Edlira ; Kiss, Áron ; Filauro, Stefano ;

    Zitatform

    Grünberger, Klaus, Edlira Narazani, Stefano Filauro & Áron Kiss (2021): Social and fiscal impacts of statutory minimum wages in EU countries. A microsimulation analysis with EUROMOD. (JRC working papers on taxation and structural reforms 2021-06), Seville, 44 S.

    Abstract

    "This paper analyses the first-round effects of hypothetical minimum wage increases on social outcomes in 21 EU countries with a statutory national minimum wage based on a microsimulation approach using EUROMOD. The methodological challenges related to the use of available EU household survey data are described, along with the choices made to address these challenges. The paper assesses hypothetical scenarios in which countries with a statutory national minimum wage increase their minimum wage to various reference values, set in relation to the gross national median and average wage. The model simulations suggest that minimum wage increases can significantly reduce in-work poverty, wage inequality and the gender pay gap, while generally improving the public budget balance. The implied wage increases for the beneficiaries are substantial, while the implied increases in the aggregate wage bill and, as a consequence, possible negative employment impacts, are generally modest." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    WSI-Mindestlohnbericht 2021: Ist Europa auf dem Weg zu angemessenen Mindestlöhnen? (2021)

    Lübker, Malte; Schulten, Thorsten;

    Zitatform

    Lübker, Malte & Thorsten Schulten (2021): WSI-Mindestlohnbericht 2021. Ist Europa auf dem Weg zu angemessenen Mindestlöhnen? (WSI-Report 63), Düsseldorf, 18 S.

    Abstract

    "Angemessene Mindestlöhne für alle Beschäftigten in Europa sind das Ziel, das die Europäische Kommission mit einem Ende 2020 vorgestellten Richtlinienentwurf verfolgt. Um ein menschenwürdiges Einkommen zu ermöglichen, müssen die Mindestlöhne in nahezu allen EU-Mitgliedsländern erheblich steigen - ein mittelfristiges Vorhaben, welches nach Berechnungen der Kommission deutlich positive soziale Auswirkungen hätte. So würden mehr als 25 Mio. Beschäftigte in Europa davon profitieren, wenn die gesetzlichen Mindestlöhne auf 60 % des Medianlohns bzw. 50 % des Durchschnittslohns angehoben werden würden. Allein in Deutschland, wo 60 % des Medians einem Mindestlohn von rund 12 entsprechen, gäbe es gut 6,8 Mio. Begünstigte." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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    englische Version
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    WSI-Mindestlohnbericht 2021: Ist Europa auf dem Weg zu angemessenen Mindestlöhnen? (2021)

    Lübker, Malte; Schulten, Thorsten;

    Zitatform

    Lübker, Malte & Thorsten Schulten (2021): WSI-Mindestlohnbericht 2021. Ist Europa auf dem Weg zu angemessenen Mindestlöhnen? In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 74, H. 2 Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, S. 127-139. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2021-2-127

    Abstract

    "Ende 2020 hat die Europäische Kommission einen ersten Entwurf für eine Richtlinie über angemessene Mindestlöhne vorgelegt. Ausgangspunkt ist die Überlegung, dass die Mindestlöhne in fast allen Mitgliedsstaaten unter der international üblichen Schwelle von 60 % des Medianlohns bzw. 50 % des Durchschnittslohns liegen und damit für ein menschenwürdiges Leben nicht ausreichen. Der diesjährige WSI-Mindestlohnbericht dokumentiert, dass zum Erreichen dieser Richtwerte in den meisten Ländern deutliche Anhebungen der Mindestlöhne notwendig sind. Auch wenn das Wachstum der Mindestlöhne in der EU in diesem Jahr – bedingt durch die Corona-Pandemie – mit nur 3,1 % (nominal) bzw. 1,6 % (real) deutlich geringer ausfällt als in den Vorjahren, so zeigen internationale Erfahrungswerte, dass Mindestlohnsteigerungen in der erforderlichen Größenordnung mittelfristig ein realistisches Ziel sind. Von einer entsprechenden Anhebung der Mindestlöhne würden in der EU 25,3 Mio. Beschäftigten profitieren, davon 6,8 Mio. in Deutschland. Die Initiative der Europäischen Kommission verdeutlicht damit auch den politischen Handlungsbedarf in Deutschland, wo 60 % des Medianlohns einem Mindestlohn von ca. 12 € entsprechen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Polarization, employment and the minimum wage: Evidence from European local labor markets (2021)

    Maarek, Paul ; Moiteaux, Elliot;

    Zitatform

    Maarek, Paul & Elliot Moiteaux (2021): Polarization, employment and the minimum wage: Evidence from European local labor markets. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 73. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2021.102076

    Abstract

    "The labor market is becoming increasingly polarized as routine jobs disappear. In the flexible US labor market, this has had a limited impact on employment due to the strong employment growth in low-paying manual occupations for workers who are not able to reallocate to high-paying abstract occupations. This may not be the case in some rigid wage European economies, which are capable of creating fewer low-paying manual jobs. We study the effect of a decrease in the proportion of routine jobs on employment and participation rates, conditionally on the level of the minimum wage, in European local labor markets. Our OLS and IV estimates show that the polarization process has a negative impact on employment and participation rates in high minimum wage countries only." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2022 Elsevier) ((en))

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