Zitatform

Paul, Karsten Ingmar & Alfons Hollederer (2024): Arbeitsplatzverluste bei Menschen mit Schwerbehinderung während der Covid-19-Pandemie. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 77, H. 3, S. 201-209. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2024-3-201

Abstract

"Von sozialer Ungleichheit sind Menschen mit Behinderungen in vielerlei Hinsicht besonders stark betroffen. Mit sozial- und arbeitsmarktpolitischen Mitteln wird seit langem versucht, den Nachteilen entgegenzuwirken, mit denen sie konfrontiert sind. Trotzdem ist unumstritten, dass dieser Personenkreis nach wie vor eine besonders vulnerable Gruppe ist. Während der Covid-19-Pandemie verschärften sich die Gefährdungslagen für Menschen mit Behinderungen nicht nur in Bezug auf ihre Gesundheit, möglicherweise trugen sie auch ein höheres Risiko, ihren Arbeitsplatz zu verlieren. Die Studie, über die in diesem Beitrag berichtet wird, hat genauer untersucht, ob das der Fall war und welche Faktoren dabei wirksam waren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Piolatto, Matteo, Ariane Bertogg, Mara Yerkes & Susanne Strauss (2024): Women’s stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany and the Netherlands: a longitudinal perspective on the role of part-time employment and parenthood for different educational groups. In: Community, work & family, S. 1-25. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2024.2443614

Abstract

"This study longitudinally investigates women's levels of perceived stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany and the Netherlands, in relation to work- and family stressors. It further examines the moderating role of education as a protective factor against stress. Our country cases represent similar pre-pandemic gender regimes that extensively relied on women's part-time work but exhibited variation in pandemic governance. Drawing on longitudinal data from population-based samples, we estimate random effects panel models across three time points (pre-pandemic, during or shortly after first lockdown, later stage of the pandemic). For the Netherlands, we find that women initially experienced an increase in stress but later recovered. In Germany, stress initially decreased, but only for women without children. Multivariate models show that working fewer hours protected women against stress in Germany, particularly those with higher education. In the Netherlands, no such moderation effects were found. Instead, in the Netherlands, differences between educational groups were larger than differences between women with varying working hours. These results are discussed in light of country differences in pandemic governance." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Rauch, Angela & Nancy Reims (2024): Berufliche Rehabilitation in Zeiten der Covid-19-Pandemie. In: Die Rehabilitation, Jg. 63, H. 5, S. 282-288., 2024-07-10. DOI:10.1055/a-2374-2467

Abstract

"Die Covid-19-Pandemie hat die Akteure der beruflichen Rehabilitation vor neue Herausforderungen gestellt. In der vorliegenden Studie interessieren wir uns für die folgenden Fragen: Wie haben Akteure wie Leistungserbringer beruflicher Rehabilitation (LE) und die Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) als Reha-Kostenträger die Covid-19-Pandemie erlebt, welche Prozessänderungen und Verzögerungen sind eingetreten, und welche Auswirkungen hat dies möglicherweise auf die berufliche Rehabilitation der Zukunft? Im Rahmen von leitfadengestützten Expert*inneninterviews haben wir zwischen Juli 2020 und Juli 2021 24 Interviews mit 29 Personen geführt (LE: n=16; BA-Kontext: n=8) und sie zu ihren Erfahrungen während der Covid-19-Pandemie befragt. Die Interviews wurden aufgezeichnet, transkribiert und in MAXQDA kodiert; die Analysen des transkribierten Materials basieren auf einem aus induktiven und deduktiven Kategorien entwickeltem System. Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen mussten aus der Ferne durchgeführt werden. Diese digitalen Möglichkeiten mussten erst geschaffen werden. Die Folge daraus ist, dass auch die berufliche Rehabilitation gezwungen wurde, sich technologisch weiterzuentwickeln, wodurch Chancen (der Maßnahmeerbringung) und Grenzen (z. B. Erwerb sozialer Kompetenzen oder Einschätzung des psychischen Zustands) deutlich wurden. Während der alternativen Maßnahmeerbringung war eine kontinuierliche zusätzliche Betreuung durch die LE unabdingbar, um psychische Krisen einzudämmen, das Verständnis für die Qualifizierungsinhalte zu gewährleisten und Abbrüche zu vermeiden. Ebenso wie Schulen waren auch die Arbeitsagenturen und Jobcenter lange Zeit geschlossen und es fanden weder Reha- noch allgemeine Berufsberatung noch die Beurteilungsverfahren zur Ermittlung des Reha-Bedarfs beim Ärztlichen Dienst/Berufspsychologischen Service statt. Ein Rückgang in den Zugängen zu beruflicher Rehabilitation zeichnet sich schon länger ab, er ist aber insbesondere für 2021/22 vermehrt zu beobachten. Personen aus SGB-II-Haushalten sind möglicherweise stärker betroffen, da es schwieriger für die Agenturen und Jobcenter ist, mit ihnen in Kontakt zu bleiben. Auch wenn die berufliche Rehabilitation einen großen digitalen Schub erfahren hat, haben die Erfahrungen aus der Pandemie gezeigt, dass vor allem für junge Menschen und Personen mit psychischen Behinderungen Maßnahmen in Präsenzformaten mit sozialen Kontakten wichtig sind. Dennoch muss die berufliche Rehabilitation sich mit der Arbeitswelt verändern, um zu verhindern, dass Menschen mit Behinderungen (weiter) abgehängt werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Thieme Verlag)

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Romero Starke, Karla, René Mauer, Janice Hegewald, Ulrich Bolm-Audorff, Gabriela Brückner, Katrin Schüssel, Helmut Schröder & Andreas Seidler (2024): Occupational risks of COVID-19: a case-cohort study using health insurance claims data in Germany. In: BMC public health, Jg. 24. DOI:10.1186/s12889-024-20706-3

Abstract

"Background: Studies on occupation and COVID-19 infection that cover a range of occupational groups and adjust for important confounders are lacking. This study aimed to estimate occupational risks of hospitalization with COVID-19 by taking into account sociodemographic factors and previous comorbidities. Methods: We applied a case-cohort design using workers insured with one of Germany’s largest statutory health insurers as a data source for occupational and demographical information as well as for information on comorbidities. Cox regression models with denominator weights for cases and controls assessed relative risks of hospitalization with COVID-19 in 2020. Results: The study consisted of 11,202 COVID-19 cases and 249,707 non-cases. After adjusting for age, sex, number of pre-existing comorbidities, and socioeconomic status, we found at least doubled risks for occupations in theology and church work (HR = 3.05; 95% CI 1.93 –4.82), occupations in healthcare (HR = 2.74; 95% CI 2.46–3.05), for bus and tram divers (HR = 2.46; 95% CI 2.04–2.97), occupations in meat processing (HR = 2.16; 95% CI 1.57–2.98), and professional drivers in passenger transport (e.g. taxi drivers) (HR = 2.00; 95% CI 1.59 –2.51). In addition, occupations in property marketing and management, social workers, laboratory workers, occupations in personal care (e.g. hairdressers), occupations in housekeeping and occupations in gastronomy all had statistically significantly increased risks compared to the reference population (administrative workers). Conclusions: We identified occupations with increased risks for hospitalization with COVID-19. For those having a doubled risk it can be assumed that COVID-19 diseases are predominantly occupationally related. By identifying high-risk occupations in non-healthcare professions, effective measures to prevent infections in the workplace can be developed, also in case of a future pandemic." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Romeu Gordo, Laura, Julia Simonson & Alberto Lozano Alcántara (2024): Financial Consequences of COVID-19 in Germany: Living Standards of Older People During the First Year of the Pandemic. In: Journal of Aging & Social Policy, Jg. 36, H. 6, S. 1567-1584. DOI:10.1080/08959420.2023.2257535

Abstract

"Despite major restrictions on economic activity due to the first lockdown starting in March 2020, public financial support helped to limit the financial consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. However, certain groups were more affected than others. Most significantly, people in the lowest income quintile were more affected than those who had higher levels of income prior to the pandemic. Although this aspect has also been analyzed in other studies, less is known about how income shocks affected living standards. In the present manuscript we combine descriptive and multivariate analysis in order to analyze changes in household income for people over the age of 45 years and changes in living standards for those who report negative changes in income. Results indicate that people over the age of 45 years with lower levels of income prior to the pandemic have been hit harder in terms of both lost income and the impact on their living standards. Furthermore, wealth seems to be relevant as a means of avoiding a drop in living standards in the event of a negative income shock. Results also indicate that by the end of 2020 and beginning of 2021 there is a recovery in living standards to pre-COVID levels. These results show the relevance of focusing on the needs of the most vulnerable groups when defining public financial support in times of crisis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Sandor, Eszter, Marie Hyland, Matteo Magnano, Ava Francis-Hall, Maria-Carmen Pantea & Diana Usmanova (2024): Becoming adults: Young people in a post-pandemic world. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Dublin, 84 S.

Abstract

"By the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, many young people in Europe found that they had been forced to change at least parts of their plans for the future – for their educational and career paths, for their housingcircumstances and for starting their own families. The labour market in Europe continues to be strong, and favourable economic conditions have contributed to a youth employment rate higher than that seen at any time in the previous 15 years. However, pressures on young people’s plans have increased when it comes to housing and the cost of living, and concerns about youth mental well-being remain. This report provides an in-depth overview of young people’s lives postpandemic, with a focus on plans for the future and the circumstances that can either hinder their fulfilment or help towards it." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Schmidtke, Julia, Clemens Hetschko, Ronnie Schöb, Gesine Stephan, Michael Eid & Mario Lawes (2024): Does Worker Well-Being Adapt to a Pandemic? An Event Study Based on High-Frequency Panel Data. In: The Review of Income and Wealth, Jg. 70, H. 3, S. 840-861., 2023-08-23. DOI:10.1111/roiw.12668

Abstract

"We estimate the dynamic impact of two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic on an exceptionally broad range of indicators of worker well-being. Our analyses are based on high-frequency panel data from an app-based survey of German workers and employ an event-study design with individual-specific fixed effects. We find that workers' mental health decreased substantially during the first wave of the pandemic. To a smaller extent, this is also true for life satisfaction and momentary happiness. Most well-being indicators converged to prepandemic levels when infection rates declined. During the second wave of the pandemic, overall worker well-being decreased less than that during the first wave. Life satisfaction does not seem to have changed at all. We conclude that worker well-being adapts to the pandemic. Moreover, subgroup analyses indicate that, in terms of well-being, workers who took part in a job retention scheme fared less well during the pandemic than other employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Wiley & Sons Ltd) ((en))

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Schäper, Clara & Katharina Wrohlich (2024): Kurzarbeit in Corona-Pandemie: Frauen und Männer ein Jahr später nicht häufiger arbeitslos, aber mit geringerer Lohnentwicklung. In: DIW-Wochenbericht, Jg. 91, H. 9, S. 133-140. DOI:10.18723/diw_wb:2024-9-3

Abstract

"Frauen waren während Corona-Pandemie deutlich stärker von Kurzarbeit betroffen als in Finanzkrise 2009. Von Einschränkungen im Zuge der Lockdowns waren Branchen mit hohem Frauenanteil, insbesondere im Dienstleistungsbereich, besonders betroffen. Studie zeigt auf Basis von SOEP-Daten: Geschlechtsspezifische Ungleichheiten auf Arbeitsmarkt haben sich durch Kurzarbeit in Pandemie nicht verstärkt. Sowohl im Jahr 2020 von Kurzarbeit betroffene Frauen als auch Männer waren ein Jahr später nicht häufiger arbeitslos als andere Beschäftigte. Stundenlöhne von Frauen und Männern in Kurzarbeit sind im Folgejahr aber weniger stark gestiegen. Viele Beschäftigte mussten in Corona-Pandemie in Kurzarbeit – sowohl betroffene Frauen als auch Männer war." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Schüpbach, Kristina, Michael Siegenthaler & Johannes Waschk (2024): Machbarkeitsstudie: Messung der Wirkungen und des Kosten-Nutzen-Verhältnisses der Kurzarbeit während der COVID-19-Krise. (Grundlagen für die Wirtschaftspolitik / Staatssekretariat für Wirtschaft SECO 50), Bern, 59 S.

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Seibert, Holger (2024): Entwicklung am Ausbildungsmarkt Berlin-Brandenburg. (IAB-Regional. Berichte und Analysen aus dem Regionalen Forschungsnetz. IAB Berlin-Brandenburg 01/2024), Nürnberg, 22 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.REBB.2401

Abstract

"Der Bericht untersucht die Entwicklung am Ausbildungsmarkt Berlin-Brandenburg im Zeitraum zwischen 2009 und 2023. In dieser Zeit hat sich die Lage für die Ausbildungssuchenden in beiden Ländern entspannt, ist trotzdem in Berlin angespannter als in Brandenburg. Im Beobachtungszeitraum nimmt zugleich der Mismatch zwischen Bewerber:innen und angebotenen Ausbildungsstellen immer stärker zu. Zudem befinden sich unter den Bewerber:innen immer mehr Jugendliche mit ausländischer Staatsangehörigkeit, die bei der Lehrstellensuche häufiger erfolglos bleiben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Senik, Claudia, Andrew E. Clark, Conchita D'Ambrosio, Anthony Lepinteur & Carsten Schröder (2024): Teleworking and life satisfaction during COVID-19: the importance of family structure. In: Journal of Population Economics, Jg. 37. DOI:10.1007/s00148-024-00979-z

Abstract

"We carry out a difference-in-differences analysis of a real-time survey conducted as part of the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) survey and show that teleworking had a negative average effect on life satisfaction over the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. This average effect hides considerable heterogeneity, reflecting gender-role asymmetries: lower life satisfaction is found only for unmarried men and for women with school-age children. The negative effect for women with school-age children disappears in 2021, suggesting adaptation to new constraints and/or the adoption of coping strategies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Stamm, Isabell Kathrin, Lena Schürmann & Katharina Scheidgen (2024): Market Dependence as a Boundary Construction for Work Solidarity with the Solo Self-employed. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 38, H. 6, S. 1528-1548. DOI:10.1177/09500170231206083

Abstract

"As more people work outside standard employment, the foundations of work solidarity are contested. How does work solidarity arise in atypical forms of work that are characterised by flexible, autonomous and self-dependent organisation, such as in solo self-employment? Drawing on a discursive approach to work solidarity, this article emphasises how market dependence can serve as a boundary construction to create work solidarity. Empirically, this study engages in a discourse analysis on Soforthilfe, a policy measure introduced by the German government to financially assist solo self-employed people during the Covid-19 lockdown. In this discourse, market dependence serves to identify this social group’s need (social boundary) and to set out the corresponding policies for financial assistance (substantive boundary). Four solidarity norms – relief, equality, preservation and quasi-equivalence – support this boundary construction. The article contributes to the current discourse on work solidarity by identifying an additional boundary construction." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Tobler, Lina, Lukas Fervers, Marita Jacob & Veronika Knize (2024): Unequal effects on working time: immigrants’ vulnerability in the German labor market in the early COVID-19 pandemic. In: European Societies, Jg. 26, H. 5, S. 1307-1332., 2024-01-16. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2024.2308011

Abstract

"Do economic shocks increase labor market inequalities between immigrants and natives? The COVID-19 crisis reduced economic activity for almost all social groups, providing a recent case for answering this question. Research tends to focus on employment levels, overlooking potential inequalities in other job characteristics. Workers in Germany have largely kept their jobs, although their working hours were reduced. Using German high-frequency survey data, we analyze whether there was a difference in the reduction of hours for immigrants and immigrants’ descendants (IAD) compared to natives. Since IAD are overrepresented in both heavily affected and essential jobs, we argue that the effects may be heterogeneous across the distribution of the change in hours. As merely comparing averages would ignore this heterogeneity, we employ OLS and quantile treatment effect estimations to analyze working hours changes in the early COVID-19 crisis. Results show that IAD reduced hours more than natives. This effect is particularly pronounced at the lower end of the distribution of the change in working hours. Our findings suggest that IAD experienced economic hardship more often than natives and corroborate earlier findings of increased immigrant-native inequalities in times of crisis. This calls for further investigation of policies aimed at protecting vulnerable groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Taylor & Francis) ((en))

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Tobler, Lina, Bernhard Christoph, Lukas Fervers & Marita Jacob (2024): When the Burden Lifts: The Effect of School and Day Care Reopenings on Parents' Life Satisfaction. In: Journal of happiness studies, Jg. 26, 2024-09-15. DOI:10.1007/s10902-024-00819-7

Abstract

"The availability of childcare services eases parents’ daily lives and research has shown that it positively affects well-being, especially for mothers. However, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted established childcare arrangements, with school and day care closures adding to parental burdens. Despite extensive discourse on the influence of these closures on parental well-being, few studies have empirically analysed the effects of the increase in childcare responsibilities associated with the closures on the well-being of parents. We seek to address this gap by examining the impact of school and day care reopenings on parental well-being. We expect that parents’ life satisfaction will increase when schools and day care facilities are reopened —and that this effect is particularly strong for mothers. Leveraging the variation in the time of reopenings across Germany’s federal states, we employ a difference-in-differences and a difference-in-difference-in-differences approach to assess changes in well-being. The research design accounts for state-level differences and potential confounding factors related to the pandemic. By using data from the German IAB-HOPP study, which offers timely measures of life satisfaction, we aim to quantify the effects of reopenings on parental well-being. Results show only a small and marginally positive effect of reopenings on average life satisfaction among parents. However, this is due to a strong and significant effect of reopenings on mothers’ life satisfaction and no significanteffect for fathers. Our findings contribute to research on the division of unpaid labour and childcare and support the notion that public childcare provision is crucial, particularly for mothers’ life satisfaction." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Vogelbacher, Markus & Thorsten Schneider (2024): Parental stress and working situation during the COVID-19 shutdown – Effects on children’s skill development. In: Advances in life course research, Jg. 60. DOI:10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100609

Abstract

"Objective: This study examines whether parental emotional distress during the first pandemic-related school shutdown in 2020 in Germany affected the development of primary school students’ mathematical skills and investigates changes in parents’ working conditions as triggers of cascading stress processes. Background: The Family Stress Model (FSM) explains the mechanisms that mediate between families’ structural conditions and children's developmental outcomes. Foundational works for this approach focus on historic events that instigate rapid structural changes which, in turn, undermine families' economic situation. The economic losses trigger stress processes. Research on the COVID-19 pandemic reports heightened levels of parental stress and negative impacts on children's cognitive and socioemotional development. This study examines the role of parental emotional distress during the COVID-19 shutdown on children's cognitive development. Expanding on the classical FSM, we hypothesize that changes in parents' working situation, rather than economic changes, may have triggered family stress processes during the shutdown, as federal support largely cushioned economic cutbacks in Germany. Method: For the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), interviews were conducted with parents, and primary school students in Starting Cohort 1 were tested after the first shutdown in 2020. The database provides rich information from survey waves prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing a longitudinal analysis of a sample of 1512 primary school students with ordinary least squares regression. Results: Parents’ emotional distress during the pandemic had a robust negative effect on students’ mathematical skills, even when controlling for prior parenting stress. Changes in parents’ working conditions also had an effect on children’s test scores, and the negative effect of working from home on the test scores was mediated by parents’ emotional distress. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic was a historic event which, at least in Germany, challenged the mental health of many parents and, in turn, impaired the skill development of primary school students. We introduce the role of changes in working conditions as triggers of such processes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))

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Volkert, Marieke, Georg-Christoph Haas, Stefan Zins, Sophie Altschul, Lisa Bellmann, Sandra Dummert, Anna-Carolina Haensch, Sophie Hensgen, Anna Heusler, Johannes Ludsteck, Bettina Müller, Dana Müller, Christopher Osiander, Julia Schmidtke, Gesine Stephan, Annette Trahms & Heidi Wayment (2024): Dokumentation und Codebuch für das Hochfrequente Online Personen Panel "Leben und Erwerbstätigkeit in Zeiten von Corona" (IAB-HOPP, Welle 1–9). (FDZ-Datenreport 01/2024 (de)), Nürnberg, 39 S. DOI:10.5164/IAB.FDZD.2401.de.v1

Abstract

"Seit sich das Corona-Virus SARS-CoV-2 ausbreitet, hat sich das Leben in Deutschland stark verändert. Viele Menschen müssen neue Anforderungen wie Homeoffice oder Kinderbetreuung zu Hause bewältigen, sind von Kurzarbeit betroffen oder haben ihre Stelle verloren. Die Regierungen auf Bundes- und Länderebene versuchen dieser Lage mit verschiedensten Maßnahmen – wie Ausgangsbeschränkungen oder Maskenpflicht – Herr zu werden. Aber wie wirken sich das Virus und die Maßnahmen auf das Sozial- und Arbeitsleben der Menschen aus? Das IAB hat mit dem Hochfrequenten Online-Personen-Panel „Leben und Erwerbstätigkeit in Zeiten von Corona“ (IAB-HOPP) eine neue Befragung mit acht Wellen aufgesetzt, die im Zeitraum von Mai 2020 bis Juni 2022 Personen zu ihrer derzeitigen Lebens- und Arbeitssituation befragte. Die Daten sollen Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern die Möglichkeit geben, die Auswirkungen der Covid-19-Pandemie zu erforschen. Dieser Datenreport gibt einen Überblick über den Datensatz und die dazu notwendigen Aufbereitungsschritte." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Wolff, Richard, Anna Heusler, Max Kunaschk & Christopher Osiander (2024): Willingness to pay for improved working conditions of nurses: Results from a factorial survey experiment in Germany. In: International journal of nursing studies, Jg. 155, 2024-04-19. DOI:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104779

Abstract

"Background: Many countries are faced with substantial shortages of skilled nurses. With an aging population and global demographic changes, developing a skilled workforce of nurses has become one of the central challenges for public health care. The recent COVID -19 pandemic may even be exacerbating the current and future labor shortages, which may, in turn, pose a threat to the quality of publicly provided health care. Improving nurses’ working conditions could be a means by which to address the global shortages of nurses. However, in countries with public health care, such improvements may come with additional costs in the form of higher taxes or social security contributions. Therefore, such improvements partly depend on people’s willingness to pay (WTP) for them. Objective: In this paper, we investigate workers’ willingness to pay for improvements in the working conditions of nurses. Design: This study is a factorial survey experiment included as part of an online survey. Setting(s): The factorial survey experiment was implemented within the high -frequency online panel survey “Life and Employment in Times of Corona” (IAB -HOPP) conducted by the Institute for Employment Research (Germany). Participants: We analyze data from N = 2,128 survey participants; our main analysis Journal Pre-proof Journal Pre-proof consists of N = 6,384 responses from those participants. Methods: Our research is based on a factorial survey experiment (vignette analysis) designed to quantitatively measure the willingness to pay for various improvements in the working conditions of nurses. We use random effect models and mixed models to estimate the individual-level willingness to pay for these improvements. Results: Our results show that the survey participants are generally willing to pay for particular policies aimed at improving the working conditions of nurses. However, the amount that respondents are willing to pay varies with the type of policy changes. Survey participants exhibit a high willingness to pay for increases in minimum wages for nurses and wagerelated improvements in general. We find, however, a lower willingness to pay for the right to participate in training courses aimed at reducing work-related stress. Conclusions: The broad support for improvements in the working conditions of nurses provides policymakers with some guidance in implementing policy measures that might address labor shortages in the nursing sector." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))

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Wrigley, Liam (2024): “With the Pandemic Everything Changes!”: Examining Welfare Reform and Conditionality Prior to and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Amongst NEET Experienced Young People. In: Journal of applied youth studies, Jg. 7, H. 1, S. 9-25. DOI:10.1007/s43151-023-00110-1

Abstract

"The purpose of this article is to critically explore pre-existing and continuing welfare conditionality of NEET (not in education, employment, or training) experienced young people in the UK. The article traces the policy history of NEET over the last 25 years, to demonstrate the enduring nature of benefit sanctioning that NEET experienced young people have faced throughout a decade of austerity, Brexit, and now the COVID-19 pandemic. The article engages with key narratives from 43 interviews of NEET experienced young people and youth work professionals, undertaken prior and during the pandemic. Overall, the article argues that government actors and policy makers alike have not gone far enough to support NEET experienced young people. The article found that more structural and institutional levels of support from central government are needed to meaningfully engage NEET experienced young people in their education, employment, and training trajectories throughout periods of crisis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Yahmed, Sarra Ben, Francesco Berlingieri & Eduard Brüll (2024): Local Labour Market Resilience: The Role of Digitalisation and Working from Home. (CESifo working paper 11114), München, 41 S.

Abstract

"We show that digital capital and working from home were essential for the resilience of local labour markets in the context of the COVID-19 crisis in Germany. Employment responses differed widely across local labour markets, with differences in short-time work rates of up to 30 percentage points at the beginning of the pandemic. Using recent advancements in the difference-in-differences approach with a continuous treatment, we find that pre-crisis digital capital potential reduced short-time work rate by up to 3 percentage points. The effect was nonlinear, disproportionately disadvantaging regions at the lower end of the digital capital distribution for a longer period. One channel of impact is working from home, which was more often adopted in regions with higher digital capital. But digital capital smoothed the employment shock beyond the effect of remote work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Zagel, Hannah & Emanuela Struffolino (2024): Crisis-proof households? How social policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic imagined work and care in Germany. In: Journal of Social Policy, S. 1-22. DOI:10.1017/s0047279424000278

Abstract

"Social policies convey normative assumptions about how households should make ends meet and organize care, but how do these ideals withstand crises such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic? Previous research shows continuity of welfare state models in the crisis, but mostly looked at single policy fields and produced mixed findings regarding the role of pre-crisis reform trajectories. This paper contributes a detailed analysis of assumptions about the ‘standard productive household’ in terms of three dimensions: labor market participation, coverage of economic needs and coverage of care needs. Drawing on original policy documents enacted in 2020 in Germany – whichhad dismantled many of its institutional strongholds for the male-breadwinner model before the crisis – we provide two novel insights. First,social policy responses to the pandemic were relatively coherent regarding assumptions about labor market participation, but expectations towards households’ abilities to make ends meet and parents’ care involvement were less coherent. In addition to relaxing conditions on stable employment and income, policy responses normalised patchwork incomes and relied on parents to compress paid and unpaid work. Second, we propose that crises may slow down reform processes that are already underway by reverting to ideas that were dominant in the past." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))