Jugendarbeitslosigkeit
Trotz eines Rückgangs ist die EU-Jugendarbeitslosenquote nach wie vor sehr hoch. Laut EU-Kommission sind derzeit 4,5 Millionen junge Menschen (im Alter von 15 bis 24 Jahren) arbeitslos. Einem großen Teil dieser Generation droht durch fehlende Zukunftsperspektiven soziale Ausgrenzung mit weitreichenden Folgen. Mit Maßnahmen wie der Europäischen Ausbildungsallianz und Jugendgarantien der Länder soll entgegengesteuert werden.
Diese Infoplattform bietet einen Einblick in die Literatur zu den Determinanten von und Strategien gegen Jugendarbeitslosigkeit auf nationaler wie internationaler Ebene.
- Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Determinanten
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Strategien
- Aktive Arbeitsmarktprogramme
- Beschäftigungsförderung - Förderung der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit
- Maßnahmen zur Bildung und Weiterbildung
- "Assistierte Ausbildung"
- Förderung der Mobilität auf dem Arbeitsmarkt
- "Jugendgarantie" - überbetriebliches Ausbildungsangebot
- Vernetzung der Akteure - Jugendberufsagenturen
- Geografischer Bezug
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Literaturhinweis
A life course perspective on the NEET phenomenon: long-term exclusion across cohorts, gender, and social origin among young adults in Norway (2024)
Zitatform
Heglum, Mari Amdahl & Wendy Nilsen (2024): A life course perspective on the NEET phenomenon: long-term exclusion across cohorts, gender, and social origin among young adults in Norway. In: Journal of Youth Studies online erschienen am 19.01.2024, S. 1-21. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2024.2305907
Abstract
"This study addresses the limitations of the NEET indicator (Not in Education, Employment, or Training) as a measure of the risk of social exclusion. Applying a life course analytical framework and sequence analysis to administrative data from Norway, we investigate the link between NEET status and longer-term exclusion across cohorts, gender, and social origin. Young adults with at least one year of NEET status at ages 22-25 (N = 125 804) are followed for ten years (age 22-31), spanning the years 1993-2017. Results show a mixed picture for individuals with early-career NEET status: 38 percent fare well over the long term, while over one-third face persistent challenges of long-term exclusion or reliance on permanent disability benefits. A deterioration of longer-term prospects, stronger among men than women, is observed across cohorts. An initial large gender gap in long-term exclusion probability in men's favor disappears in the youngest cohorts. Social inequalities remain stable over time. Findings support recent research emphasizing NEET category heterogeneity. Static measures may both exaggerate and underestimate the challenges faced by different sub-populations. The risk of long-term exclusion changes markedly over time, showcasing how the NEET indicator's sensitivity as a measure of at-risk youth depends on the historical-institutional context." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Towards Quality Education: An Entrepreneurship Education Program for the Improvement of Self-Efficacy and Personal Initiative of Adolescents (2024)
Zitatform
Martín-Gutiérrez, Ángela, Elisabet Montoro-Fernández & Ana Dominguez-Quintero (2024): Towards Quality Education: An Entrepreneurship Education Program for the Improvement of Self-Efficacy and Personal Initiative of Adolescents. In: Social Sciences, Jg. 13, H. 1. DOI:10.3390/socsci13010023
Abstract
"In recent decades, youth unemployment has been the focus of attention of international and community bodies in the area of social rights. Specifically, there is a need to promote attitudes and skills to access employment, decent work, and entrepreneurship. The measures implemented have not been effective. In 2023, Spain had the highest youth unemployment rate in the European Union (29.6%). An improvement in the level and quality of education and training of young people would reduce their level of unemployment. Entrepreneurship education is, therefore, a necessary value in the society of the 21st century since it is a tool for the development and growth of the younger population. In the entrepreneurship education model proposed in this study for adolescents, we focus on the capacities of self-efficacy and personal initiative as precursors of entrepreneurial behavior. This paper analyzes the differences between the mean values of the variables before and after the implementation of the educational program and the influence or correlation between the variables. The main results are threefold: (i) the educational program implemented improves the mean values of the two variables analyzed; (ii) self-efficacy exerts a positive or direct influence on personal initiative, and (iii) the educational program improves or reinforces the positive influence of self-efficacy on personal initiative." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Lost in Categorisation? Employment Subsidies – Bringing the Beneficiaries Back In (2024)
Zitatform
Robertshaw, David Keith (2024): Lost in Categorisation? Employment Subsidies – Bringing the Beneficiaries Back In. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 53, S. 86-106. DOI:10.1017/S0047279422000216
Abstract
"Employment subsidies are important active labor market policy (ALMP) tools, suited to a variety of labor market challenges. This paper engages with recent ALMP categorisation debates by appraising Cronert’s (2019) recent typology of employment subsidies. It uses empirical material to assess the typology’s explanatory power and produce insights to inform further typological development. The illustrative case of the British ‘ Wage Incentive’ (2012-2014) is used to assess the typology’s analytical purchase. Cronert’s typology helpfully identifies key distinctions in the distributional profiles of employment subsidies, but further understanding of the category is impeded by the practice of defining them as demand-side interventions. The paper argues for a reappraisal of their supply-side characteristics, maintaining that the (potential) worker should be included in the analysis, and that employment subsidies’ relationship with training and job creation should be acknowledged.It proposes a redefinition of employment subsidies reflecting their real-world use, and suggests a framework for further exploring varieties of employment subsidy design from the perspective of beneficiaries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Escaping the trap of temporary employment: Precariousness among young people before and after Spain's 2021 labour market reform act (2024)
Zitatform
Verd, Joan M., Alejandro Godino, Alejandro González-Heras & Joan Rodríguez-Soler (2024): Escaping the trap of temporary employment: Precariousness among young people before and after Spain's 2021 labour market reform act. In: International Journal of Social Welfare online erschienen am 23.01.2024. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12645
Abstract
"Temporary employment has been the core dimension of employment precariousness in Spain for decades. In December 2021, a labor market reform aimed at reducing the use of fixed‐term contracts, which especially affected young people, was passed. This article compares the situation of young workers before and after this labor market reform, with the objective of identifying internal differences among this age group. The results show a substantial reduction in the prevalence of temporary employment after the reform, although they also show that temporary employment, as well as incipient forms of precariousness such as involuntary part‐time employment, are more concentrated than before among the most disadvantaged in this age group, following traditional patterns of segmentation in the labor market. This article, therefore, provides insights into which profiles of young workers were better off after the reform and which were not, offering valuable lessons for other countries with similar labor market challenges." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The low skills trap: the failure of education and social policies in preventing low-literate young people from being long-term NEET (2024)
Zitatform
van Vugt, Lynn, Mark Levels & Rolf van der Velden (2024): The low skills trap: the failure of education and social policies in preventing low-literate young people from being long-term NEET. In: Journal of Youth Studies, Jg. 27, H. 2, S. 217-251. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2022.2118036
Abstract
"This paper investigates to what extent the likelihood of young people being long-term NEET can be explained by low literacy skills, how this varies across advanced countries, and how this cross-national variation can be explained by education and social policies. We use PIAAC data and include macro-level indicators on education and social policies. We analyze the likelihood of being long-term NEET versus being in employment or in education/training among some 34,000 young people aged 20–30 from 25 countries. We find that low-literate young people are more likely to be long-term NEET. While NEET risks are associated with countries’ institutional characteristics, this does not mean that these characteristics and policies always work in favour of low-literate young people. Although high levels of (enabling) ALMP generally reduce the risk of being NEET, they do so less for low-literate young people. Additionally, young people living in social-democratic welfare states are less likely to be NEET, but low-literate young people seem to profit less from this." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Longer schooling with grade retention: The effects of increasing the school leaving age on dropping out and labour market success (2023)
Zitatform
Adamecz, Anna (2023): Longer schooling with grade retention: The effects of increasing the school leaving age on dropping out and labour market success. In: Finnish Economic Papers, Jg. 97. DOI:10.1016/j.econedurev.2023.102487
Abstract
"This paper examines the effects of increasing the compulsory school leaving age from 16 to 18 in Hungary using a difference-in-regression-discontinuities design empirical strategy. While the reform increased the length of schooling, it did not decrease the probability of dropping out of secondary school, either on average or among the most at-risk group of Roma ethnic minority students. Due to grade retentions, marginal students were older than their peers and couldn't have reached the final grade of secondary school by age 18 to earn a degree. The reform also did not affect the probability of employment, hours worked, wages and the probability of working in low-skilled occupations at ages 20 and 25. In education systems that allow grade retention, compulsory education should have the explicit goal of keeping students in school until they earn a secondary degree, rather than just until a certain age." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Which companies hire NEET? Organisational characteristics of hiring NEET in a Norwegian full-population registry study (2023)
Alves, Daniele Evelin ; Lillebråten, Andreas ; Bernstrøm, Vilde Hoff ; Lundberg, Camilla Stub ; Nilsen, Wendy ; Ballo, Jannike Gottschalk ;Zitatform
Alves, Daniele Evelin, Jannike Gottschalk Ballo, Wendy Nilsen, Camilla Stub Lundberg, Andreas Lillebråten & Vilde Hoff Bernstrøm (2023): Which companies hire NEET? Organisational characteristics of hiring NEET in a Norwegian full-population registry study. In: Journal of Youth Studies online erschienen am 14.12.2023, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2023.2290112
Abstract
"Which types of organizations hire NEET? We use longitudinal national registry data from Norway to investigate four types of organizational characteristics: (a) staff proportion with low pay and low education, (b) staff size and (c) staff proportion from groups with lower rates of work participation, and (d) private/public sector. Full-population registry data with all newly hired-employees in Norway aged 15 –30 years, yielded a sample of approximately 120,000 new hires in 2018 from 22,621 organizations. Organizational characteristics were measured the previous year. After controlling for individual and organisational level variables in logistic regression models, we found that: private organizations and those predominated by staff with low income, incomplete secondary school, NEET history and immigrant background were more likely to hire new NEET the following year. Organisation size was unrelated to the likelihood of hiring NEET. This study applies an innovative method to study demand side characteristics in a full population registry study. It also contributes to disentangling which of these characteristics lose their expected effect when the dataset is large and complete enough to control for individual and organizational factors- adjusted for organisation clustering. These characteristics can guide us towards which companies can serve as gate-openers for NEET." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Personalized Support in Youth Labor Market Policy: The Role of Youth Career Agencies (2023)
Assmann, Marie-Luise;Zitatform
Assmann, Marie-Luise (2023): Personalized Support in Youth Labor Market Policy. The Role of Youth Career Agencies. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 231 S.
Abstract
"In the face of increasing youth unemployment across Europe, innovative approaches to youth labor market policy are crucial. One such approach is the introduction of ‘one-stop shops’ for young people. Here, employment offices and other actors, such as youth social services, cooperate to offer young people coordinated advice from a single source. The impact of their introduction upon the young people that use them is, thus far, under-researched. This study begins to fill this gap by outlining the support approach of the German ‘youth career agencies’ that centers on gaining a more complete picture of the young person’s life situation in order to offer them a range of possible support programs. The study interrogates whether the youth career agencies do offer more personalized advice for young people during their transition to employment than classical job center teams. It argues that, if the cooperative relationships between the actors involved in the youth career agencies are of good quality, more personalized support is likely to be offered there. However, personalized support in youth career agencies is still limited by the diverse specifications and target figures demanded of job centers by the Federal Employment Agency and also influenced by the professional background of the individual caseworkers." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis vom Verlag -
Literaturhinweis
Pinball transitions: exploring the school-to-work transitions of 'the missing middle' (2023)
Brozsely, Beverly; Nixon, Darren;Zitatform
Brozsely, Beverly & Darren Nixon (2023): Pinball transitions: exploring the school-to-work transitions of 'the missing middle'. In: Journal of Youth Studies, Jg. 26, H. 8, S. 980-995. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2022.2058357
Abstract
"This paper responds to the call for more research on the ‘missing middle’ by reporting the findings of a small-scale qualitative longitudinal study in the North of England exploring the labour market transitions of young people completing compulsory schooling with mid-level qualifications and seeking employment. It found that participants desired training which aligned with their skills, interests and future work intentions. Participants were drawn to seek apprenticeships because they offered ‘earning and learning’ in a real-life work environment. However, for the vast majority, apprenticeships were not available, so they turned to college to articulate their choices and gain work-related training. Qualifications were gained in order to gain leverage in the job market and help them achieve ‘getting on’ work. However, often a period of ‘pinballing’ between their ambitions and the reality of the labour market ensued due to the lack of desirable quality work available. The majority of participants were still resisting ‘going nowhere’ work and making efforts to achieve ‘getting on’ work when interviewed, however, some had stopped making the effort and resigned themselves to on-going poor quality work. The process of biographicity was, for them, a reconciliation with on-going low-quality work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Chance vertan: Die 'Ausbildungsgarantie' als Antwort auf Ausbildungsteilhabeförderung und Hebung von Fachkräftepotenzialen? (2023)
Buck, Pia;Zitatform
Buck, Pia (2023): Chance vertan: Die 'Ausbildungsgarantie' als Antwort auf Ausbildungsteilhabeförderung und Hebung von Fachkräftepotenzialen? In: Berufsbildung, Jg. 77, H. 2, S. 32-35.
Abstract
"Das Ziel, berufliche Teilhabechancen "für Alle" anzubieten und auch der sich zuspitzende Fachkräfteengpass bringen u. a. den Übergangssektor und die steigende NEET-Quote in den Fokus bildungspolitischer Diskurse, in welchen in neuerer Zeit auch über eine Ausbildungsgarantie nachgedacht wird." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
What, for whom, and under what circumstances: Do activation policies increase youth employment in the EU? (2023)
Zitatform
Cefalo, Ruggero & Rosario Scandurra (2023): What, for whom, and under what circumstances: Do activation policies increase youth employment in the EU? In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 33, H. 4, S. 391-406. DOI:10.1177/09589287231199568
Abstract
"Activation measures have assumed a prominent role within policy perspectives aimed at increasing labour market participation to support welfare sustainability. Most comparative studies on active labour market policies (ALMPs) have been conducted at the national level, although several scholars recently stressed the need to consider more carefully the territorial dimension of social policies. This article addresses this research gap by providing quantitative estimates of the territorial effect of national ALMPs provision on youth employment in European regions. We find that regional contextual traits, which can present a variety of configurations, play a significant role in moderating the effects of ALMPs. Divergent outcomes per type and level of education also highlight the complexity of the landscape for ALMPs' design and implementation. Our analysis helps identify the institutional and contextual conditions that require evaluation when designing and implementing policies targeting young people." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Making activation for young welfare recipients mandatory (2023)
Dahl, Espen S.; Hernæs, Øystein;Zitatform
Dahl, Espen S. & Øystein Hernæs (2023): Making activation for young welfare recipients mandatory. In: Labour, Jg. 37, H. 1, S. 96-121. DOI:10.1111/labr.12238
Abstract
"Activation policies to promote self-sufficiency among recipients of welfare and other types of benefits are becoming more common in many welfare states. We evaluate a law change in Norway making welfare receipt conditional on participation in an activation program for all welfare recipients below the age of 30. Analysing the program's staggered implementation across municipalities with several modern event study estimators, we estimate that the law change had quite precise 0-effects on benefit receipt, work and education. We also do not find any effects on the probability of being out of work or of being in employment, education or labour market programs. Qualitative evidence suggests that the zero effect may be due to the law change only impacting the participation of recipients with low expected gain from activation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Lieber Jobben als Ausbildung? 15- bis 24-Jährige zwischen Schule, Ausbildung & Co (2023)
Dohmen, Dieter;Zitatform
Dohmen, Dieter (2023): Lieber Jobben als Ausbildung? 15- bis 24-Jährige zwischen Schule, Ausbildung & Co. (FiBS-Forum / Forschungsinstitut für Bildungs- und Sozialökonomie 78), Köln, 21 S.
Abstract
"Wie gehen Jugendliche mit schlechter werdenden Ausbildungschancen um? Eine detaillierte Analyse vorliegender Daten mit problematischen Befunden: Das Bildungsniveau sinkt, mehr Jugendliche jobben oder werden zu NEETUs (not in employment, education & training nor unemployed)." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
In what way a 'Guarantee for youth'? NEETs entrapped by labour market policies in the European Union (2023)
Zitatform
Emmanouil, Effie, Georgios Chatzichristos, Andrew Herod & Stelios Gialis (2023): In what way a 'Guarantee for youth'? NEETs entrapped by labour market policies in the European Union. In: Journal of Youth Studies online erschienen am 16.05.2023, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2023.2211943
Abstract
"Following the economic crisis of 2008/2009, the European Union developed the Youth Guarantee (YG) Action Plan to tackle youth labour market disengagement by ‘fostering employability’ and ‘removing barriers’ to employment. The current study adopts a Geographical Political Economy approach to analysing the YG's underpinnings and the conditions that differentiate its application on a regional level to explore whether – and, if so, how – the YG helps young people in the Southern EU to enter the labour market. The article introduces the first comparative, cross-regional investigation of the YG programme, targeting the NUTS-II regions of Spain and Italy. It uses mixed methods, supplementing quantitative analysis with in-depth interviews with key informants. We show that in Spanish and Italian regions the YG is closely entwined with socio-spatial inequality and labour precarity, which is reflected in the growing rates of temporary employment and inactive youth. Crucially, we conclude, such outcomes are not simply the result of the institutional/operational misapplications of the YG, as is often assumed. Rather, these misapplications are systematically reinforced by the mechanics of labour flexibilisation within a recessionary and crisis-prone environment, one whose geographical unevenness means that the YG is playing out in quite different ways in different places." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Junge Menschen ohne Berufsausbildung. Welches Fachkräftepotenzial verbirgt sich in dieser Gruppe? (2023)
Zitatform
Faißt, Christian, Silke Hamann, Daniel Jahn & Rüdiger Wapler (2023): Junge Menschen ohne Berufsausbildung. Welches Fachkräftepotenzial verbirgt sich in dieser Gruppe? (IAB-Regional. Berichte und Analysen aus dem Regionalen Forschungsnetz. IAB Baden-Württemberg 02/2023), Nürnberg, 42 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.REBW.2302
Abstract
"In Baden-Württemberg haben zwischen 2013 und 2021 mehr als 236.000 junge Menschen zwischen 15 und 25 Jahren eine sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung aufgenommen, ohne über eine abgeschlossene Berufsausbildung zu verfügen. Ausbildungslosigkeit kann sich für die jungen Menschen langfristig negativ bezüglich ihrer Arbeitsmarktbiografien auswirken und ist darüber hinaus auch deshalb überaus problematisch, weil in Baden-Württemberg Fachkräfte besonders knapp sind. Unter den jungen Menschen ohne Abschluss finden sich relativ viele Hauptschüler*innen (22 Prozent) und ausländische Beschäftigte (24 Prozent). Weniger als 1 Prozent der Ausländer*innen verfügen über einen nicht anerkannten Berufsabschluss. Zu den am häufigsten gewählten Berufen der männlichen Ungelernten gehören Verkehrs- und Logistikberufe, Maschinen- und Fahrzeugtechnikberufe, die Metallberufe und die Mechatronik-, Energie- und Elektroberufe. Für die weiblichen Ungelernten stehen Verkaufsberufe an oberster Stelle, gefolgt von den Sekretariatsberufen und den Verkehrs- und Logistikberufen. Die Zeitarbeitsbranche nimmt ebenfalls zunächst viele formal nicht qualifizierte Männer und Frauen auf. Von den 136.000 Personen, die zwischen 2013 und 2017 ohne berufliche Qualifizierung eine sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung begonnen haben, bleiben rund 50.000 auch langfristig ohne beruflichen Abschluss. Dies geht einher mit einer geringeren Beschäftigungsstabilität, einem niedrigeren Einkommen und selteneren beruflichen Aufstiegen verglichen mit denjenigen, die noch formale Qualifikationen erwerben. Das Risiko dauerhafter Ausbildungslosigkeit ist für zwei Typen von Erwerbsverläufen besonders kennzeichnend: für die nach Schulabschluss direkte Einmündung in sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung und in deren Verbleib sowie für die heterogenen Arbeitsmarktbiografien. Diese zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass auf längere Orientierungsphasen relativ selten Zeiten in Ausbildung folgen, sondern vielmehr deutlich häufiger Arbeitslosigkeit zu beobachten ist." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Pressing the right button—labour market odds for youth with mental illness (2023)
Hardoy, Ines; von Simson, Kristine;Zitatform
Hardoy, Ines & Kristine von Simson (2023): Pressing the right button—labour market odds for youth with mental illness. In: Journal of education and work, Jg. 36, H. 7-8, S. 592-607. DOI:10.1080/13639080.2023.2289952
Abstract
"Mental disorders threaten the chances of finishing secondary school and can hinder the school-to-work transitions of afflicted youths. Earlier onset depression predicts the chronicity, recurrence, and severity of episodes throughout life. Using rich, objective mental health data and a battery of variables covering personal and family characteristics, we investigate the impact of Norway’s vocational rehabilitation programs on youths aged 18–23 who are registered as unemployed. Our results indicate that the impact vary with mental health in adolescence, a variable often unavailable in such analyses. Separate analyses for age group 19–21 and 20–23 show that the younger ones with previous diagnosed mental disorders were likely to pursue further education after participating in programs providing work practice; those with no earlier diagnosed mental disorders were prone to pursue ordinary education after completing a training program. For the older age cohorts, aged 20–23, vocational rehabilitation programmes seem counterproductive, irrespective of program type and of whether they were diagnosed with mental health problems in adolescence or not." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Junge Menschen ohne Berufsabschluss – durch Stärkung der Ausbildungsbeteiligung zu mehr Fachkräften (2023)
Zitatform
Kalinowski, Michael & Harald Pfeifer (2023): Junge Menschen ohne Berufsabschluss – durch Stärkung der Ausbildungsbeteiligung zu mehr Fachkräften. In: Ifo-Schnelldienst, Jg. 76, H. 12, S. 3-6.
Abstract
"Auswertungen des BIBB (Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung 2023, Kapitel A11) zeigen, dass die Zahl der jungen Erwachsenen ohne formalen Berufsabschluss im Alter von 20 bis unter 35 Jahren in den vergangenen Jahren angestiegen ist. Im Jahr 2021 waren dies 2,6 Mio. Personen und damit der höchste Wert seit mehr als 25 Jahren. Der Anteil junger Erwachsener ohne formalen Berufsabschluss an der gleichaltrigen Bevölkerung lag im Jahr 2021 bei 17,8 % (vgl. Abb. 1). Die Quote der nicht formal Qualifizierten (nfQ) ist auch ein wichtiger arbeitsmarktpolitischer Indikator. Personen ohne Berufsausbildung bzw. nicht formal Qualifizierte haben z.B. ein höheres Risiko der Arbeitslosigkeit, insbesondere der Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit (Bundesagentur für Arbeit 2022a), und verdienen im Durchschnitt deutlich weniger als Beschäftigte mit einem Berufsabschluss (Bundesagentur für Arbeit 2022b). Letzteres erhöht auch das Risiko, am Ende des Erwerbslebens von Altersarmut betroffen zu sein." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The Employment Effects of a Wage Subsidy for the Young during an Economic Recovery (2023)
Zitatform
Kunze, Astrid, Marta Palczynska & Iga Magda (2023): The Employment Effects of a Wage Subsidy for the Young during an Economic Recovery. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16196), Bonn, 49 S.
Abstract
"This study investigates the employment effects of a large-scale wage subsidy programme for the young unemployed that was introduced in 2016, during a period of recovery in the Polish economy. The focus is on the question of whether the effects differed between men and women. The study employs a large population administrative data set from the unemployment register, and exploits for identification the fact that firms were only eligible to participate in the wage subsidy programme if the newly recruited worker was below age 30 and was previously unemployed. A challenge in this research is that before 2016, standard packages of active labour market programmes for all unemployed and specific programmes for unemployed below age 30 had been in place. Exploiting the long period and broad data coverage, we estimate the differential impact of the new programme using a difference-in-discontinuities design. The main finding is that over the medium term, the new wage subsidy programme was effective for low- and middle-skilled eligible young women, but not for men. We discuss the policy implications of such programmes targeting young unemployed people." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Being a NEET before and after the Great Recession: persistence by gender in Southern Europe (2023)
Zitatform
Malo, Miguel A., Chiara Mussida, Begona Cueto & Maurizio Baussola (2023): Being a NEET before and after the Great Recession: persistence by gender in Southern Europe. In: Socio-economic review, Jg. 21, H. 1, S. 319-339. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwab043
Abstract
"This article adds to the scant literature on the time persistence of being a young Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET) by including four main novelties: we distinguish short- and long-term persistence; we use estimations before (2004–2007) and after the Great Recession (2013–2016); we analyse four Southern European countries that are relatively similar and were significantly affected by the Great Recession (Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain); and all analyses are disaggregated by gender. The descriptive analysis shows a convergence in NEET rates by gender in the four countries due to a worsening of the male NEET rate and no improvement among young females. The econometric estimations show that long-term persistence is smaller than short-term persistence and that the latter increased after the Great Recession, especially for male NEETs. Policy implications for the design of the Youth Guarantee and lessons from the coronavirus pandemic are also discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Being poor and being NEET in Europe: Are these two sides of the same coin? (2023)
Zitatform
Mussida, Chiara & Dario Sciulli (2023): Being poor and being NEET in Europe: Are these two sides of the same coin? In: Journal of Economic Inequality, Jg. 21, H. 2, S. 463-482. DOI:10.1007/s10888-022-09561-7
Abstract
"We implement a dynamic bivariate probit model to explore the possible relation between at-risk-of-poverty and NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training) in 21 European countries using 2016–2019 European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions panel data. We identify genuine state dependence and account for possible feedback effects from past poverty to the NEET status. We also consider two alternative definitions of NEET, i.e. unemployed and inactive NEET and inactive NEET only. We find that both poverty and NEET are characterized by significant genuine state dependence. We also observe a vicious circle between the phenomena, especially when adopting the definition that includes unemployed and inactive NEETs. This suggests a leading role of unemployment in the detrimental effect of being NEET on poverty. We offer supplementary analyses and further insights on country heterogeneity by looking at the role of social protection expenditure. Finally, we stress that for young NEETS living outside of the family of origin, the NEET condition is not detrimental for poverty, conditional on the provision of adequate youth support." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
- Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Determinanten
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Strategien
- Aktive Arbeitsmarktprogramme
- Beschäftigungsförderung - Förderung der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit
- Maßnahmen zur Bildung und Weiterbildung
- "Assistierte Ausbildung"
- Förderung der Mobilität auf dem Arbeitsmarkt
- "Jugendgarantie" - überbetriebliches Ausbildungsangebot
- Vernetzung der Akteure - Jugendberufsagenturen
- Geografischer Bezug