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Kunze, Astrid, Marta Palczynska & Iga Magda (2023): The Employment Effects of a Wage Subsidy for the Young during an Economic Recovery. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16196), Bonn, 49 S.

Abstract

"This study investigates the employment effects of a large-scale wage subsidy programme for the young unemployed that was introduced in 2016, during a period of recovery in the Polish economy. The focus is on the question of whether the effects differed between men and women. The study employs a large population administrative data set from the unemployment register, and exploits for identification the fact that firms were only eligible to participate in the wage subsidy programme if the newly recruited worker was below age 30 and was previously unemployed. A challenge in this research is that before 2016, standard packages of active labour market programmes for all unemployed and specific programmes for unemployed below age 30 had been in place. Exploiting the long period and broad data coverage, we estimate the differential impact of the new programme using a difference-in-discontinuities design. The main finding is that over the medium term, the new wage subsidy programme was effective for low- and middle-skilled eligible young women, but not for men. We discuss the policy implications of such programmes targeting young unemployed people." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Dingeldey, Irene, Marie-Luise Assmann & Lisa Steinberg (2017): Strategies to improve labour market integration of young people. Comparing policy coordination in nine European countries. (NEGOTIATE working paper 8.2), Oslo, 55 S.

Abstract

"The analysis is based on nine in-depth country studies including Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Greece, Germany, Poland, Spain, the UK and two non-EU countries; Norway and Switzerland, which serve as a reference group.
The empirical research makes use of both primary and secondary sources, as well as four to six expert interviews per country to identify different types of youth employment regimes and strategies used to implement the respective policies.
The introduction of the Youth Guarantee (YG) was met with high expectations. Since the economic crisis youth unemployment has significantly increased. It was accompanied by a flexibilisation of employment forms and the lowering of youth wages, both attempts to facilitate integration in the labour market. Hence, it was up to the YG to address existing problems vis-à-vis young people entering the labour market, and to improve policy coordination." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Signorelli, Marcello (2017): Youth unemployment in transition economies. Both general and age-specific policies are necessary to reduce youth unemployment in transition economies. (IZA world of labor 401), Bonn, 11 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.401

Abstract

"A simple one size fits all policy to improve the employment opportunities of young people in transition economies does not exist. Instead, an integrated design of broad multi-level policies tailored to each country's unique characteristics in conjunction with specific youth-oriented ones is necessary to reduce the persisting labor-related disadvantages of young people compared to adults. While further research is certainly required, some potentially helpful policy actions to consider include the reform of educational systems to promote better school-to-work transitions and improvement of public and private employment services for young people." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Tolgensbakk, Ida, Janikke Solstad Vedeler & Bjørn Hvinden (2017): Youth unemployment and the consequences for life satisfaction and social trust in seven European countries. (NEGOTIATE working paper 4.4), Oslo, 58 S.

Abstract

"The 2007-2008 global financial crisis led to the 'Great Recession', making a multi-year debt crisis a reality for several Eurozone countries. These developments had large and persistent effects on European youth labour markets, causing high unemployment rates among the youth in many countries. In an effort to understand the subjective effects of youth unemployment in Europe, the NEGOTIATE project conducted life story interviews with 211 individuals from seven countries and three cohorts (1950 - 1955, 1970 - 1975 and 1990 - 1995). The participating countries were Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Norway, Poland and the UK. The Norwegian team has written the present report, with important inputs from all the participating national teams." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ayllón, Sara & Natalia Nollenberger (2016): Are recessions good for human capital accumulation? (NEGOTIATE working paper 5.1), Oslo, 32 S.

Abstract

"This paper is the first to investigate to what extent the high levels of joblessness brought by the Great Recession across Europe have translated into higher school attendance among youth. Using cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the EU- SILC on 28 countries, we establish a robust counter-cyclical relationship between rising unemployment rates and school enrollment. The same is true for transitions back to education. However, our analysis by subgroups reveals a worrisome trend by which youths belonging to most disadvantaged backgrounds (measured by low household income) became less likely to enroll in University studies. The austerity measures and educational cutbacks imposed during the recession, not only changed the pattern of educational decisions among you" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hora, Ondrej, Markéta Horáková & Tomá¿ Sirovátka (2016): Institutional determinants of early job insecurity in nine European countries. (NEGOTIATE working paper 3.4), Oslo, 69 S.

Abstract

"In the European labour market, young people have been disproportionally affected by job insecurity indicated by unemployment, inactivity, job precariousness and fragmented careers during and after the economic crisis of 2008. This may be crucial for their ability to maintain a living income and to live a decent life on their present and future life course. The increasing polarisation in the labour market may become a persistent structural feature in the conditions of the changing employment structures and flexibilization of labour. This challenge was recognised at the EU level when Youth Opportunities Initiative (2011), Youth Employment Package (2012) and Youth Guarantee (2013) were launched and underpinned with financing from ESF schemes. The European countries, however, have experienced very different impacts of the crisis on their labour markets (Karamessini et al. 2016). Similarly, the initial responses in active labour market policies (ALMPs) to the crisis also diverged considerably (Clasen et al 2012). The question arises about the longer-term adaptations of labour market policy and other policies to the challenge of increasing early job insecurity and the associated structural changes in the labour market.
The aim of this paper is to assess in nine national contexts how recent reforms in labour market institutions and policies and the skill formation systems may have affected the incidence of early job insecurity and the patterns of labour market entry/integration of young women and men. Job insecurity as understood here includes two dimensions: (a) insecurity of maintaining the current job, (b) insecurity of getting another job in the future, that is, job insecurity and employment insecurity (compare Chung and van Oorschot 2011)." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Abstract

Die Arbeitsunterlage der Kommissionsdienststellen ergänzt die Mitteilung der Europäischen Kommission, in der sie die wichtigsten Erfolge bei der Umsetzung der Jugendgarantie und der Beschäftigungsinitiative für junge Menschen (Youth Employment Initiative - YEI) seit dem Start 2013 (bis zum Stand: Juni 2016) darstellt und Schlussfolgerungen für die Verbesserung der Maßnahmen der EU und der Mitgliedstaaten zur Umsetzung nationaler Jugendgarantie-Programme zieht. Sie versteht sich als Hilfsmittel für die Akteure in den Ländern zur Fortsetzung der nationalen Umsetzung des Programms und stellt Praxisbeispiele für signifikante Reformschritte und gelungene Maßnahmen aus den Mitgliedstaaten vor und benennt - wo möglich - identifizierbare Erfolgsfaktoren. Ebenso dient die Arbeitsunterlage als Referenzdokument, das auf zahlreiche Untersuchungen, Berichte und Statistiken weiterer nationaler wie gemeinschaftlicher Ressourcen verweist. Die Berichte basieren auf Daten aus der laufenden Beobachtung des Beschäftigungsausschusses (Employment Committee - EMCO) aus den Jahren 2014 und 2015 unter einem gemeinsamen Indikatorenrahmen und den Kernaussagen der Tagung des Rats für 'Beschäftigung, Sozialpolitik, Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz' am 7. März 2016 sowie auf der Auswertung von Antworten aus den Mitgliedstaaten im Rahmen des Sozialen Dialogs und Beratungen mit Jugendlichen auf dem Europäischen Jugend-Event (European Youth Event - EYE) vom 20.-21. Mai 2016 am Sitz des Europäischen Parlaments in Straßburg und schließlich auch auf einem Bericht des Europäischen Beschäftigungsobservatoriums (EEPO) zur Umsetzung der Jugendgarantie. (IAB)

Zitatform

Maguire, Sue, Bart Cockx, Juan J. Dolado, Florentino Felgueroso, Marcel Jansen, Izabela Styczynska, Elish Kelly, Seamus McGuinness, Werner Eichhorst, Holger Hinte & Ulf Rinne (2013): Youth unemployment. Forum. In: Intereconomics, Jg. 48, H. 4, S. 196-235.

Abstract

"Youth unemployment has been on the rise since the beginning of the crisis in 2008. Even more troublesome is the dramatic rise in the number of youth not in employment, education or training, which has led to widespread concerns about the impact on social cohesion and fears of a 'lost generation'. Given the extreme differences in youth unemployment levels among member states, it is clear that no single labour market policy will be appropriate throughout the EU. There may, however, be opportunities for mutual learning on how to combat youth unemployment. This Forum explores youth unemployment in the EU via case studies of England, Belgium, Spain, Poland and Ireland. It also examines Germany's dual vocational training system as one potential solution." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Polakowski, Michal (2012): Youth unemployment in Poland. (Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. Study), Bonn, 21 S.

Abstract

"From the social perspective, one of the most important effects of the crisis has been the sharp increase in unemployment since 2008, especially among young people. This is also the case in Poland where the level of youth unemployment has increased significantly since 2008. However, this rise was not as dramatic as in other countries due to the fact that the Polish labour market was characterised by a comparatively high level of youth unemployment prior to 2008. What has changed dramatically since 2008 is the nature of youth employment, the most typical development being the growth of precarious employment based on fixed-term contracts, especially among the youngest workers. The aim of this paper is to explore these issues in more detail, with a particular focus on the dynamics of the labour market: unemployment, employment and inactivity rates over the past decade. Attention will also be paid to the nature of atypical employment and the consequences of this form of contractual agreement for employment pathways and financial wellbeing. The paper also focuses on the transition from the education system to the labour market for young adults, with an emphasis on skills mismatches. The important problem of the lack of interest among employers in shaping the skills of young people through vocational education and inwork training will also be considered. This situation is bring about a segmentation of the labour market, with the majority of young workers occupying less stable and low-paid positions." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Referat Mittel- und Osteuropa (2012): Wir müssen draußen bleiben. Aktuelle Länderstudien der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung analysieren Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in Europa. Ein detaillierter Blick auf die Hintergründe mit Beispielen aus Spanien, Deutschland, Italien, Frankreich und Polen. (Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. Studie), Bonn, 8 S.

Abstract

"Die Schulden- und Wirtschaftskrise verstärkt zwar die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in vielen europäischen Ländern, aber sie ist nicht ihre strukturelle Ursache: Aktuelle wissenschaftliche Länderstudien der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) aus 20 europäischen Staaten zeigen, dass einem wachsenden Teil der jungen Menschen in der EU schon seit Jahren der reibungslose Übergang von der Schule in eine unbefristete, regulär bezahlte Beschäftigung nicht mehr gelingt. Statt einer festen Arbeitsstelle finden viele 15- bis 24-Jährige auf den zunehmend deregulierten Arbeitsmärkten der EU nur unsichere Teilzeit- oder Aushilfsjobs oder befristete Stellen. Sie sind damit die Ersten, die bei konjunkturellen Schwankungen ihre Beschäftigung verlieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)