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Deng, Zechuan, Rubab Arim, Golo Henseke, Ingrid Schoon, Hans Dietrich, Aisling Murray, Emer Smyth & Véronique Dupéré (2022): Youth unemployment in Canada, Germany, Ireland, and the United Kingdom in times of COVID-19. In: Economic and Social Reports / Statistics Canada, Jg. 2, H. 3, S. 1-6., 2022-02-25. DOI:10.25318/36280001202200300003-eng

Abstract

"Youth unemployment recovering during the COVID-19 pandemic. Very few countries managed to avoid a hit to their economy or young people's employment in the wake of COVID-19. The article "Youth unemployment in Canada, Germany, Ireland, and the United Kingdom in times of COVID-19" shows that unemployment levels rose for workers in their mid-teens to mid-twenties in Canada, Germany, Ireland and the United Kingdom during the early days of the pandemic, reaching peak levels in the summer of 2020. One year later, in the summer of 2021, youth unemployment rates in all four countries largely recovered, although they all recorded slightly higher numbers than in 2019, before the pandemic. These findings are from a collaboration between Statistics Canada and three institutes in Europe on the COVID-19: Youth economic activity and health monitor project." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Doris, Aedín, Donal O'Neill & Olive Sweetman (2020): Does Reducing Unemployment Benefits during a Recession Reduce Youth Unemployment? Evidence from a 50 Percent Cut in Unemployment Assistance. In: The Journal of Human Resources, Jg. 55, H. 3, S. 902-925. DOI:10.3368/jhr.55.4.0518-9501R1

Abstract

"We use administrative data to examine the effect of a 50 percent benefit cut for young unemployed claimants in Ireland duringthe Great Recession. Because the cut applied only to new spells, claimants whose unemployment start dates differed by oneday received very different benefits; we exploit this feature in a regression discontinuity analysis. We find that the benefitcut significantly reduced unemployment duration, with exits to training and work accounting for the majority of this effect." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System) ((en))

Zitatform

Lewis, Paul & Jason Heyes (2020): The changing face of youth employment in Europe. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 41, H. 2, S. 457-480. DOI:10.1177/0143831X17720017

Abstract

"This article examines trends in youth employment across the EU-15 countries during 2002-2006 and 2007-2011. Drawing upon microdata from the EU Labour Force Survey it examines changes in contract type, hours worked and occupation by level of education. Although the financial crisis creates a discontinuity in numbers employed, and despite certain country specificities, the authors observe common structural changes across the two periods. They find an increasing shift from permanent full-time to temporary part-time contracts, the 'hollowing out' of traditional mid-skill level occupations and evidence of 'occupational filtering down' whereby the higher-educated are substituted for the lower-educated in low-skilled occupations. The authors observe some growth in 'professionals' following the crisis, but little evidence of the rise of a new knowledge economy. This raises questions concerning the most appropriate policy approaches to education and training and labour market regulation if European nations are to provide high-quality employment opportunities for their young people." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Doris, Aedín, Donal O'Neill & Olive Sweetman (2017): Does reducing unemployment benefits during a recession reduce youth unemployment? Evidence from a 50% cut in unemployment assistance. (IZA discussion paper 10727), Bonn, 38 S.

Abstract

"We use administrative data to examine the effect of a 50% benefit cut for young unemployed workers in Ireland during the Great Recession. Because the cut applied only to new benefit claims, claimants whose unemployment start dates differed by a matter of days received very different benefits; we exploit this fact in our Regression Discontinuity and Difference-in-Difference analyses. While we find no impact on unemployment duration for those aged 20-21, the benefit cut significantly reduced duration for 18 year olds, with an estimated elasticity close to one. We consider possible explanations for our findings and also examine long-run effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ayllón, Sara & Natalia Nollenberger (2016): Are recessions good for human capital accumulation? (NEGOTIATE working paper 5.1), Oslo, 32 S.

Abstract

"This paper is the first to investigate to what extent the high levels of joblessness brought by the Great Recession across Europe have translated into higher school attendance among youth. Using cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the EU- SILC on 28 countries, we establish a robust counter-cyclical relationship between rising unemployment rates and school enrollment. The same is true for transitions back to education. However, our analysis by subgroups reveals a worrisome trend by which youths belonging to most disadvantaged backgrounds (measured by low household income) became less likely to enroll in University studies. The austerity measures and educational cutbacks imposed during the recession, not only changed the pattern of educational decisions among you" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Papadopoulos, Orestis (2016): Economic crisis and youth unemployment. Comparing Greece and Ireland. In: European journal of industrial relations, Jg. 22, H. 4, S. 409-426. DOI:10.1177/0959680116632326

Abstract

"Both Greece and Ireland have long suffered high youth unemployment rates and have been pressured to restructure their employment and social systems under the European Employment Strategy. Problems were aggravated by the harsh conditions imposed by the Troika following bail-outs. Yet there was significant divergence in youth employment outcomes between Greece and Ireland despite a convergence of policies. In Ireland, tighter conditionality of benefits and stronger 'activation' were already on the agenda of the social actors, so their implementation was not forcefully contested. In Greece, the lack of effective social protection made it difficult for successive governments to build support for flexibilization, and the escalating insecurity of young Greeks and their families gave rise to social unrest and political instability. This contrast leads to a reappraisal of the convergence - divergence debate." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Abstract

Die Arbeitsunterlage der Kommissionsdienststellen ergänzt die Mitteilung der Europäischen Kommission, in der sie die wichtigsten Erfolge bei der Umsetzung der Jugendgarantie und der Beschäftigungsinitiative für junge Menschen (Youth Employment Initiative - YEI) seit dem Start 2013 (bis zum Stand: Juni 2016) darstellt und Schlussfolgerungen für die Verbesserung der Maßnahmen der EU und der Mitgliedstaaten zur Umsetzung nationaler Jugendgarantie-Programme zieht. Sie versteht sich als Hilfsmittel für die Akteure in den Ländern zur Fortsetzung der nationalen Umsetzung des Programms und stellt Praxisbeispiele für signifikante Reformschritte und gelungene Maßnahmen aus den Mitgliedstaaten vor und benennt - wo möglich - identifizierbare Erfolgsfaktoren. Ebenso dient die Arbeitsunterlage als Referenzdokument, das auf zahlreiche Untersuchungen, Berichte und Statistiken weiterer nationaler wie gemeinschaftlicher Ressourcen verweist. Die Berichte basieren auf Daten aus der laufenden Beobachtung des Beschäftigungsausschusses (Employment Committee - EMCO) aus den Jahren 2014 und 2015 unter einem gemeinsamen Indikatorenrahmen und den Kernaussagen der Tagung des Rats für 'Beschäftigung, Sozialpolitik, Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz' am 7. März 2016 sowie auf der Auswertung von Antworten aus den Mitgliedstaaten im Rahmen des Sozialen Dialogs und Beratungen mit Jugendlichen auf dem Europäischen Jugend-Event (European Youth Event - EYE) vom 20.-21. Mai 2016 am Sitz des Europäischen Parlaments in Straßburg und schließlich auch auf einem Bericht des Europäischen Beschäftigungsobservatoriums (EEPO) zur Umsetzung der Jugendgarantie. (IAB)

Zitatform

Bergin, Adele, Elish Kelly & Seamus McGuinness (2014): Changes in labour market transitions in Ireland over the Great Recession. (IZA discussion paper 8401), Bonn, 21 S.

Abstract

"This paper assesses the impact that the 2009 Great Recession had on individual's transitions to and from unemployment in Ireland. The rate of transition from unemployment to employment declined between 2006 and 2011, while the rate from employment to unemployment increased. The impact of some of the factors identified as contributing to the likelihood of a transition taking place were found to have changed over this period. In particular, young people are much less likely to exit unemployment, but at the same time they have a lower risk of becoming unemployed. Education has become an increasingly important factor in both supporting unemployment exits and reducing the risk of becoming unemployed since the recession. The scarring impact of long-term unemployment appears to have fallen substantially in Ireland post-recession. The results from a decomposition analysis show that compositional changes are largely unimportant in explaining the change in the transition rates between 2006 and 2011." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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González Pandiella, Alberto (2013): Getting Irish youth on the job track. (OECD Economics Department working papers 1101), Paris, 38 S. DOI:10.1787/5k3twr9k6s7h-en

Abstract

"Irish youth was hit hard by the crisis. Many young workers have remained unemployed for a long time and, unless it is tackled promptly, this issue will become one of the most enduring legacies of the recession. New labour market policy initiatives have been introduced recently, but more will be needed to limit scarring effects and keep youth connected so that they can get back to work as soon as the recovery strengthens. For many young workers learning new skills is the way to get ready. The Irish economy is shifting away from bricks and mortar towards knowledge-based services, and those previously employed in construction-related activities need to acquire the skills and competencies required in these expanding sectors. For those who have already drifted into more marginalised environments, a longer process of rehabilitation will be necessary to escape poverty and social exclusion. This chapter recommends focusing limited fiscal resources on policies empirically-proven to help regain employment; this will require systematic and rigorous evaluation of labour-market programmes and policy decisions to close down ineffective schemes while strengthening successful ones." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Maguire, Sue, Bart Cockx, Juan J. Dolado, Florentino Felgueroso, Marcel Jansen, Izabela Styczynska, Elish Kelly, Seamus McGuinness, Werner Eichhorst, Holger Hinte & Ulf Rinne (2013): Youth unemployment. Forum. In: Intereconomics, Jg. 48, H. 4, S. 196-235.

Abstract

"Youth unemployment has been on the rise since the beginning of the crisis in 2008. Even more troublesome is the dramatic rise in the number of youth not in employment, education or training, which has led to widespread concerns about the impact on social cohesion and fears of a 'lost generation'. Given the extreme differences in youth unemployment levels among member states, it is clear that no single labour market policy will be appropriate throughout the EU. There may, however, be opportunities for mutual learning on how to combat youth unemployment. This Forum explores youth unemployment in the EU via case studies of England, Belgium, Spain, Poland and Ireland. It also examines Germany's dual vocational training system as one potential solution." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Kawaguchi, Daiji & Tetsushi Murao (2012): Who bears the cost of the business cycle? Labor-market institutions and volatility of the youth unemployment rate. In: IZA journal of labor policy, Jg. 1, S. 1-28. DOI:10.1186/2193-9004-1-10

Abstract

"The way age-specific unemployment rates fluctuate over the business cycle differs significantly across countries. This paper examines the effect of labor-market institutions on the fluctuations of age-specific unemployment rates based on panel data of 18 OECD countries between 1971 and 2008. Empirical results suggest that the cost of the business cycle disproportionately falls on youths in countries with stricter employment protection. This implies that a higher adjustment cost of an existing workforce induces the employment adjustment of new entrants into the labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Kelly, Elish, Seamus Mc Guinness & Philip J. O'Connell (2012): Transitions to long-term unemployment risk among young people. Evidence from Ireland. In: Journal of youth studies, Jg. 15, H. 6, S. 780-801. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2012.678047

Abstract

"Many young people have short spells of unemployment during their transition from school to work; however, some often get trapped in unemployment and risk becoming long-term unemployed. Much research has been undertaken on the factors that influence unemployment risk for young people during their school-to-work transition. However, very little is known about the factors associated with long-term unemployment (LTU) risk for those youths who become unemployed. This article attempts to fill this gap in the literature by identifying the characteristics associated with young peoples' LTU risk in Ireland. The research, which is conducted using multivariate statistical analysis, uses a combination of unemployment register data and information gathered from a specially designed claimant questionnaire that was issued to all jobseekers making an unemployment benefit claim between September and December 2006. The results indicate that factors such as a recent history of LTU, a lack of basic literacy/numeracy skills and low levels of educational attainment, all have a significant impact on the likelihood that young people will remain unemployed for 12 months or more. A number of attributes are gender-specific, such as the presence of children, additional welfare benefits and spousal earnings for females and apprenticeship training and participation in a public sector job creation scheme for males. Comparisons with the characteristics associated with older welfare claimants LTU risk reveal some interesting difference between younger and older unemployed individuals." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Kulka, Amrita (2012): Maßnahmen zur Verringerung der Schulabbrecherquote. In: Ifo-Schnelldienst, Jg. 65, H. 17, S. 23-25.

Abstract

"Hohe Schulabbruchsquoten stellen in vielen Ländern ein großes Problem dar. Sie sind meist das Ergebnis eines schrittweisen Prozesses der Entfremdung der Schüler von der Schule, der durch unterschiedliche Faktoren, wie Motivationslosigkeit, schlechte Schulleistungen und straffälliges Verhalten, oft in Verbindung mit einem schwierigen sozialen Umfeld und bestimmten Schulpraktiken, in Gang gesetzt wird. Eine unmittelbare Folge einer hohen Schulabbruchsquote ist z.B. eine Erhöhung der Jugendarbeitslosigkeit. Somit ist ein Ziel der EU, bis zum Jahr 2020 den Anteil frühzeitiger Schulabgänger auf unter 10% zu senken. Der Beitrag vergleicht verschiedene Maßnahmen und Projekte, die in den einzelnen Ländern zur Verringerung der Schulabbruchsquote angewandt werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Smyth, Emer (2008): Just a phase? Youth unemployment in the Republic of Ireland. In: Journal of youth studies, Jg. 11, H. 3, S. 313-329. DOI:10.1080/13676260801946472

Abstract

"Ireland has experienced an unprecedented level of economic growth since the mid-1990s. The present article assesses the extent to which this phenomenon has altered the level and nature of youth unemployment, using data from six waves of a nationally representative survey of school-leavers. The main impact of the 'Celtic Tiger' has been to smooth the transition from school to paid employment, significantly reducing the proportion of young people unemployed. The profile of the unemployed has changed markedly. Social class and examination grades have become less important predictors while parental employment and having upper-secondary qualifications have become more significant in shaping employment chances. In particular, the qualifications gap has continued to widen in the post-boom period, with employment growth not sufficient to counter the marginalisation of less qualified young people within the labour market. It is argued that the exploration of youth unemployment in the Irish context provides more general insights into the dynamics of youth transitions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Werner, Heinz (1978): Jugendarbeitslosigkeit - ein internationales Problem. Ausmaß - Struktur - Ursachen - Maßnahmen - Folgerungen. In: Materialien aus der Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, Jg. 09, H. 04, S. 1-8.

Abstract

Der Aufsatz beschreibt Ausmaß, Struktur und Ursachen der Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in den ausgewählten Ländern und stellt die ergriffenen oder diskutierten Maßnahmen zur Verringerung der Jugendarbeitslosigkeit dar.