Gender und Arbeitsmarkt
Die IAB-Infoplattform "Gender und Arbeitsmarkt" bietet wissenschaftliche und politiknahe Veröffentlichungen zu den Themen Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen und Männern, Müttern und Vätern, Berufsrückkehrenden, Betreuung/Pflege und Arbeitsteilung in der Familie, Work-Life-Management, Determinanten der Erwerbsbeteiligung, geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede, familien- und steuerpolitische Regelungen sowie Arbeitsmarktpolitik für Frauen und Männer.
Zurück zur Übersicht- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehrende – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug
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Literaturhinweis
Decomposing gender wage gaps: a family economics perspective (2024)
Averkamp, Dorothée; Bredemeier, Christian; Juessen, Falko;Zitatform
Averkamp, Dorothée, Christian Bredemeier & Falko Juessen (2024): Decomposing gender wage gaps: a family economics perspective. In: The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Jg. 126, H. 1, S. 3-37. DOI:10.1111/sjoe.12542
Abstract
"We propose a simple way to embed family-economics arguments for pay differences between genders into standard decomposition techniques. To account appropriately for the role of the family in the determination of wages, one has to compare men and women with similar own characteristics – and with similar partners. In US survey data, we find that our extended decomposition explains considerably more of the wage gap than a standard approach, in line with our theory that highlights the role of career prioritization in dual-earner couples." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Navigating treacherous waters: Exploring the dual career experiences of European Research Council applicants (2024)
Zitatform
Schels, Brigitte, Sara Connolly, Stefan Fuchs, Channah Herschberg & Claartje Vinkenburg (2024): Navigating treacherous waters. Exploring the dual career experiences of European Research Council applicants. In: C. Gross & S. Jaksztat (Hrsg.) (2024): Career Paths Inside and Outside Academia (=Soziale Welt. Special Edition 26), S. 341-371, 2023-02-27. DOI:10.5771/9783748925590-341
Abstract
"Die Karrieren von Wissenschaftler_innen entwickeln sich nicht in einem sozialen Vakuum. Nach dem Konzept der „linked lives“ (Moen 2003) hat der Karriereverlauf eines Partners Auswirkungen auf die Karriere des anderen Partners. Wir untersuchen die Doppelkarrieren von Wissenschaftler_innen, die sich auf eine Förderung durch den European Research Council (ERC) beworben haben, auf Basis einer quantitativen Befragung und von qualitativen Interviews. Während das idealtypische Bild von Wissenschaftler_innen auf einem individualistischen Karrieremodell mit uneingeschränkter internationaler Mobilität und Karriereengagement beruht, zeigt sich quantitativ, dass die Mehrheit der Antragsteller_innen beim ERC erwerbstätige Partner_innen, häufig ebenfalls Wissenschaftler_innen, und Kinder haben. Das Gros der ERC-Antragsteller_innen mit berufstätigen Partner_innen bewertet, dass beide Karrieren in der Partnerschaft gleich wichtig sind. Bei den Antragstellerinnen ist der Anteil jedoch höher. Selbst wenn die eigene Karriere wichtiger erscheint, erleben die Wissenschaftler_innen die Koordination zweier Karrieren als nicht einfach. Dies gilt sowohl für ältere etablierte Wissenschaftler_innen als auch für Wissenschaftler_innen, die sich noch in der "Rushhour" des Lebens befinden. In den erlebten Erfahrungen der ERC-Antragsteller_innen zeigt sich, dass sie dem vorherrschenden Idealbild in der Wissenschaft entsprechen wollen, aber an Grenzen stoßen, insbesondere wenn Mobilitätsanforderungen durch fehlende Übertragbarkeit des Job der Partner_innen eingeschränkt ist. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Frage, wie sie zwei Karrieren koordinieren, für sie immer wieder neu. Diese Anforderungen bestehen sowohl für Wissenschaftler als auch Wissenschaftlerinnen, aber einige der Konsequenzen – etwa bei wem die Kinder sind und wer vorrangig die Betreuung übernimmt – sind geschlechtsspezifisch. Wir ziehen Schlussfolgerungen zur Förderung dualer Karrieren in der Wissenschaft für Arbeitgeber_innen und Forschungsförderung." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Nomos)
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Literaturhinweis
Transition to fatherhood and adjustments in working hours: The importance of organizational policy feedback (2023)
Zitatform
Abendroth, Anja-Kristin & Laura Lükemann (2023): Transition to fatherhood and adjustments in working hours: The importance of organizational policy feedback. In: Journal of Family Research, Jg. 35, S. 535-552. DOI:10.20377/jfr-946
Abstract
"Objective: This study investigates whether the normalization of the use of the family-friendly workplace policy flexiplace in the organization affects men's adjustments in working hours following their transition to fatherhood. Background: Men's stable full-time employment after childbirth remains to be a barrier to the equal distribution of care and paid work. Recent research suggests that state family policies promoting dual-earner/dual-carer family models can involve new norm setting of active fatherhood, albeit so far with only modest consequences for fathers' working hours. Unclear is, however, whether family-friendly workplace policies, such as flexiplace, and involved organizational policy feedback are of complementary importance. Method: We estimated fixed-effects regression analyses on men's adjustments in actual and contracted hours after a transition to fatherhood. Analyses are based on linked employer-employee panel data (2012/13; 2014/15; 2018/19) from large German work organizations, considering a random sample of 1,687 men in 131 work organizations. Results: Findings revealed that the normalization of using flexiplace in the work organization was associated with a reduction in men's overall working hours as well as marginal adjustments in their contracted hours after transitioning to fatherhood. Conclusion: Although a normalization of flexiplace is more likely in demanding workplace contexts, men experience at least some leeway in adjusting extensive temporal investments to cater to private demands." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Coparenting and conflicts between work and family – between-within analysis of German mothers and fathers (2023)
Zitatform
Adams, Ayhan (2023): Coparenting and conflicts between work and family – between-within analysis of German mothers and fathers. (SocArXiv papers), 23 S. DOI:10.31235/osf.io/fgx7y
Abstract
"The presence of children exacerbates the compatibility of work and family. Working along similar lines in terms of parenting seems to be necessary to cope with these challenges, but only a few studies have focused on the relationship between coparenting and interrole conflicts. This study seeks to close this gap by investigating the interrelatedness between coparenting conflicts and work-to-family/family-to-work conflicts with a particular focus on gender differences. The quantitative analysis draws on longitudinal data from waves 6 to 10 of the German Family Panel (N = 858). Between-within regression models were conducted to investigate both inter- and intraindividual association of coparenting conflicts and work-to-family/family-to-work conflicts. The results revealed that the level of coparenting conflicts is significantly associated with the level of both work-to-family and family-to-work conflicts. Furthermore, changes in coparenting conflicts are associated with changes in family-to-work conflicts. Unexpectedly, the interaction between the level of coparenting conflicts and gender shows that the associations with interrole conflicts are stronger for fathers than for mothers. Thus, the study provides insights into the interrelatedness between the parental coparenting relationship and the compatibility of work, gender-specific associations, and differences between interindividual and intraindividual associations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Household-level Prevalence and Poverty Penalties of Working in Non-teleworkable and Non-essential Occupations: Evidence from East and West Germany in 2019 (2023)
Zitatform
Fasang, Anette Eva, Emanuela Struffolino & Hannah Zagel (2023): Household-level Prevalence and Poverty Penalties of Working in Non-teleworkable and Non-essential Occupations: Evidence from East and West Germany in 2019. In: Zeitschrift für Sozialreform, Jg. 69, H. 2, S. 85-117. DOI:10.1515/zsr-2022-0107
Abstract
"In Haushalten werden Risiken gepoolt und umverteilt. Das heißt, inwiefern Krisen wie die Covid-19 Pandemie oder steigende Inflation im Haushalt abgefedert werden können, wird unter anderem durch die Anzahl der Erwerbstätigen im Haushalt und deren Berufe bestimmt. Für Ost- und Westdeutschland lassen sich aufgrund der weiterhin bestehenden Differenzen in der Berufsstruktur und der soziodemographischen Zusammensetzung von Haushalten Unterschiede in dieser Kapazität von Haushalten erwarten. Vor dem Hintergrund steigender Erwerbsarmut in den letzten Jahren erweitern wir den ‚prevalence and penalties‘ Ansatz (Brady et al. 2017) aus der internationalen Armutsforschung um zwei berufsspezifische Risiken, die in Post-Covid-19 Arbeitsmärkten an Relevanz gewannen. Wir fragen: 1) Wie verbreitet waren Haushaltskonstellationen, in denen die einzige oder beide erwerbstätige Personen in Haushalt in einem nicht-telearbeitsfähigen und nicht-systemrelevanten Beruf gearbeitet haben in Ost- und Westdeutschland 2019? 2) Inwiefern unterschieden sich die Armutsrisiken dieser Haushaltskonstellationen in Ost- und Westdeutschland 2019? Für die Analyse kombinieren wir die aktuellste Welle des Mikrozensus (2019, N=179,755 Haushalte) mit einem neu erhobenen Datensatz zur Telearbeitsfähigkeit von Berufen und der Klassifikation von Systemrelevanz aus Länderdekreten, die im Zuge der Covid-19 Pandemie im Frühjahr 2020 verabschiedet wurden. Anhand deskriptiver Analysen und Regressionsmodellen zeigen wir, dass die Verbreitung (prevalence) von Haushaltskonstellationen, in denen die einzige oder beide erwerbstätige Personen in Haushalt in einem nicht-telearbeitsfähigen und nicht-systemrelevanten Beruf gearbeitet haben, in Ost- und Westdeutschland relativ ähnlich war. Allerdings zeigt sich auch, dass das Armutsrisiko dieser Haushaltskonstellationen in Ostdeutschland stark erhöht war. Unter Kontrolle bekannter beruflicher Nachteile wie niedrige Bildung, befristeter Arbeitsvertrag, Schichtarbeit und geringe Führungsverantwortung verringern sich die festgestellten Unterschiede zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland zwar leicht, bleiben aber deutlich sichtbar." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
The effects of Covid-19 on couples’ job tenures: Mothers have it worse (2023)
Zitatform
Lafuente, Cristina, Astrid Ruland, Raül Santaeulàlia-Llopis & Ludo Visschers (2023): The effects of Covid-19 on couples’ job tenures: Mothers have it worse. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 83. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2023.102404
Abstract
"We study the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the employment contracts and job tenures of couples, and how these are shaped by gender and the presence of children. Using the Spanish Labor Force Survey, we find that women with children have suffered relatively larger losses of higher-duration, permanent jobs since the pandemic than men or women without children. These losses emerge approximately one year after the onset of the pandemic and persist, even though the aggregate male and female employment rate has recovered. Our results point to potential labor market scars, in particular, for mothers, that hide behind standard aggregate employment measures." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Couples' ideological pairings, relative income and housework sharing (2023)
Zitatform
Nitsche, Natalie, Daniela Grunow & Ansgar Hudde (2023): Couples' ideological pairings, relative income and housework sharing. (MPIDR working paper 2023-033), Rostock, 37 S. DOI:10.4054/MPIDR-WP-2023-033
Abstract
"Our study offers and empirically tests a new conceptual framework of couples' housework sharing. We suggest that the partners' joint gender ideology, or their 'ideological pairings' will determine their housework sharing. Further, we argue the link between couples' relative socio-economic resources and their housework sharing likely depends on these 'ideological pairings'. Our results, based on data from the German Panel Study of Family and Income Dynamics (pairfam) and mixed- and fixed-effects panel regressions, offer support for this conceptualization. First, we find egalitarian attitudinal duos to share housework the most equally, traditional attitudinal duos to share housework the most unequally, and mismatched attitudinal couples to lie in between. Second, our results indicate that only egalitarian duos further equalize housework sharing when she becomes the family's main earner. Traditional duos don't adjust their housework divisions even if she outearns him. Findings for mismatched couples are mixed, but don't lend support for successful within-couple re-negotiations of housework divisions as her income share rises. Our study advances prior literature by conceptualizing the relevance of the partners' joint attitudes for gendered domestic work divisions and by making complex interactions between sociological and economic aspects visible. Further, it underscores the importance of investigating couples as an essential meso-level institution in the reproduction of gender inequalities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Who Is Doing the Chores and Childcare in Dual-Earner Couples during the COVID-19 Era of Working from Home? (2023)
Zitatform
Pabilonia, Sabrina Wulff & Victoria Vernon (2023): Who Is Doing the Chores and Childcare in Dual-Earner Couples during the COVID-19 Era of Working from Home? In: Review of Economics of the Household, Jg. 21, H. 2, S. 519-565. DOI:10.1007/s11150-022-09642-6
Abstract
"In 2020–21, parents' work-from-home days increased three-and-a-half-fold following the initial COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns compared to 2015–19. At the same time, many schools offered virtual classrooms and daycares closed, increasing the demand for household-provided childcare. Using weekday workday time diaries from American Time Use Survey and looking at parents in dual-earner couples, we examine parents' time allocated to paid work, chores, and childcare in the COVID-19 era by the couple's joint work location arrangements. We determine the work location of the respondent directly from their diary and predict the partner's work-from-home status. Parents working from home alone spent more time on childcare compared to their counterparts working on-site, though only mothers worked fewer paid hours. When both parents worked from home compared to on-site, mothers and fathers maintained their paid hours and spent more time on childcare, though having a partner also working from home reduced child supervision time. On the average day, parents working from home did equally more household chores, regardless of their partner's work-from-home status; however, on the average school day, only fathers working from home alone spent more time on household chores compared to their counterparts working on-site. We also find that mothers combined paid work and child supervision to a greater extent than did fathers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Who should scale back? Experimental evidence on employer support for part-time employment and working hours norms for couples with young children (2023)
Zitatform
Philipp, Marie-Fleur, Silke Büchau & Pia Schober (2023): Who should scale back? Experimental evidence on employer support for part-time employment and working hours norms for couples with young children. (SocArXiv papers), 54 S. DOI:10.31235/osf.io/k4275
Abstract
"This experimental study investigates how hypothetical employer support for part-time work shapes working hours norms for mothers and fathers with young children in Germany. It extends previous studies by focusing on the couple context, for instance by exploring interdependencies with each partner’s earnings potential. The analysis is framed using capability-based explanations combined with a perspective of gender as a social structure. A factorial survey experiment was implemented within the German pairfam panel. OLS and multinomial logistic regressions with cluster-robust standard errors were conducted with 5,565 respondents. Hypothetical employer support similarly increases respondents’ recommendations to reduce working hours for mothers and fathers and supports dual part-time arrangements. In couples who face opposing incentives in terms of promotion prospects and employer support for part-time work, prevailing gender norms seem to reinforce the traditionalizing constraints and attenuate the de-traditionalizing influence. Respondents with more egalitarian gender beliefs respond more strongly to paternal employer support." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Work-family habits? Exploring the persistence of traditional work-family decision making in dual-earner couples (2023)
Radcliffe, Laura; Cassell, Catherine; Spencer, Leighann;Zitatform
Radcliffe, Laura, Catherine Cassell & Leighann Spencer (2023): Work-family habits? Exploring the persistence of traditional work-family decision making in dual-earner couples. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 145. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2023.103914
Abstract
"Decisions made within the family have long been recognised as a central obstacle to achieving gender equality, not only in the home, but also in the workplace due to the interdependent relationship between work and family domains. Here we focus particularly on how couple-level work-family decision-making processes influence (non)egalitarian work-family decisions. We draw on a qualitative diary study with 60 participants, comprising 30 heterosexual, dual-earner couples situated in the UK, to examine work-family decision-making in daily practice. Our findings suggest that egalitarian family identities, previously highlighted as important, are necessary but insufficient in enabling egalitarian work-family decisions. Instead, our findings highlight the important role played by the decision-making processes couples engage in, particularly in relation to their frequently habitual nature. Thus, we show how, while family identities held by men and women may be converging, habitual decision-making processes often continue to prevent egalitarian daily arrangements. We introduce the concept of ‘work-family habits’ and develop a novel framework depicting daily work-family decision making processes engaged in by dual-earner couples, revealing how each of these processes can contribute to either more traditional or egalitarian work-family practices." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Slowing Women’s Labor Force Participation: The Role of Income Inequality (2022)
Albanesi, Stefania; Prados, María José;Zitatform
Albanesi, Stefania & María José Prados (2022): Slowing Women’s Labor Force Participation: The Role of Income Inequality. (NBER working paper 29675), Cambridge, Mass, 48 S. DOI:10.3386/w29675
Abstract
"The entry of married women into the labor force and the rise in women's relative wages are amongst the most notable economic developments of the twentieth century. The growth in these indicators was particularly pronounced in the 1970s and 1980s, but it stalled since the early 1990s, especially for college graduates. In this paper, we argue that the discontinued growth in female labor supply and wages since the 1990s is a consequence of growing inequality. Our hypothesis is that the growth in top incomes for men generated a negative income effect on the labor supply of their spouses, which reduced their participation and wages. We show that the slowdown in participation and wage growth was concentrated among women married to highly educated and high income husbands, whose earnings grew dramatically over this period. We then develop a model of household labor supply with returns to experience that qualitatively reproduces this effect. A calibrated version of the model can account for a large fraction of the decline relative to trend in married women's participation in 1995-2005 particularly for college women. The model can also account for the rise in the gender wage gap for college graduates relative to trend in the same period." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do taxes and transfers reduce gender income inequality? Evidence from eight European welfare states (2022)
Zitatform
Avram, Silvia & Daria Popova (2022): Do taxes and transfers reduce gender income inequality? Evidence from eight European welfare states. In: Social science research, Jg. 102. DOI:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102644
Abstract
"We examine how taxes and transfers affect the incomes of men and women. Using microsimulation and intra-household income splitting rules, we measure the differences in the level and composition of individual disposable income by gender in eight European countries covering various welfare regime types. We quantify the extent to which taxes and transfers can counterbalance the gender gap in earnings, as well as which policy instruments contribute most to reducing the gender income gap. We find that with the exception of old-age public pensions, all taxes and transfers significantly reduce gender income inequality but cannot compensate for high gender earnings gaps. Our findings suggest that gender income equality is more likely to be achieved by promoting the universal/dual breadwinner model, whereby women's labour force participation and wages are on a par with men. To achieve this, men will likely need to work less and care more." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2022 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Dynamic effects of educational assortative mating on labor supply (2022)
Zitatform
Gihleb, Rania & Osnat Lifshitz (2022): Dynamic effects of educational assortative mating on labor supply. In: Review of Economic Dynamics, Jg. 46, S. 302-327. DOI:10.1016/j.red.2021.10.001
Abstract
"The gender education gap has undergone a transition in the post-war period, from favoring men to favoring women. As a result, in 30% of young American couples, the wife is more educated than the husband. These “married down” women display substantially higher employment rates, relative to women with husbands with the same or higher level of educational attainment. We argue that the interaction between work and marital decisions can explain the higher employment rates of women who marry down. Returns to experience are key in this mechanism, since they lock in early employment choices. We formulate a dynamic life cycle model of marriage and divorce, with endogenous labor supply decisions, and structurally estimate it using NLSY79. We show that returns to experience account for 45% of the employment gap between married down women and married up women. The estimates further suggest that the changes in educational sorting patterns across cohorts can explain 11% of the rise in married women's employment between the 1945 and 1965 cohorts. Finally, we simulate a shift from joint to individual taxation. The model predicts a larger increase in married down women's employment rate." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2022 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Long-term Trends in the Gender Income Gap within Couples: West Germany, 1978–2011 (2022)
Zitatform
Haupt, Andreas & Susanne Strauß (2022): Long-term Trends in the Gender Income Gap within Couples. West Germany, 1978–2011. In: Social Politics, Jg. 29, H. 3, S. 980-1008. DOI:10.1093/sp/jxac019
Abstract
"Coupled women typically have lower earnings than their male partners. This gender income gap within couples has declined over time, but we lack information about the drivers behind the decline. Here, we analyze the role of increased participation in education and the labor market, as well as changes in social policies, on the decline of the gender income gap within couples in West Germany from 1978 to 2011, using Microcensus data. We show that women’s increased labor market participation and their increased transfer incomes are the major sources of the reduction in the gap. Both trends are strongly connected to family policies. We also shed light on the role of men in the overall trend. Their increased full-time premiums and educational attainment are important counter-trends that outweigh the role of increased unemployment and part-time employment levels among men in reducing the gap." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Desperate Housewives and Happy Working Mothers: Are Parent-Couples with Equal Income More Satisfied throughout Parenthood? A Dyadic Longitudinal Study (2022)
Zitatform
Langner, Laura (2022): Desperate Housewives and Happy Working Mothers: Are Parent-Couples with Equal Income More Satisfied throughout Parenthood? A Dyadic Longitudinal Study. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 36, H. 1, S. 80-100. DOI:10.1177/0950017020971548
Abstract
"Are parent-couples with equal income more satisfied as their children grow up, than those who prioritize the father’s career (specialize)? For the first time, 384 German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) study couples were categorized into life-course coupled earnings types, by tracing how earnings were divided within couples between the ages of 1 to 15 of their youngest child. Multivariate, multilevel analysis showed that, unlike mothers pursuing an (eventually) equal earnings division, mothers in an (eventually) specialized arrangement experienced a strong decline in life satisfaction. Hence, particularly high-status mothers (having invested heavily into their career) were eventually up to two life satisfaction points less satisfied if they prioritized their partner’s earnings, than those who shared earnings equally with their partner. Paternal life satisfaction was not significantly different between patterns of earnings (in)equality. For most couples, earnings equality led to a win-win situation: mothers’ life satisfaction was higher than for specialized mothers without negatively affecting paternal satisfaction." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Work-family conflict and partners' agreement on fertility preferences among dual-earner couples: Does women's employment status matter? (2022)
Zitatform
Latshaw, Beth A. & Deniz Yucel (2022): Work-family conflict and partners' agreement on fertility preferences among dual-earner couples: Does women's employment status matter? In: Journal of Family Research, Jg. 34, H. 4, S. 1151-1174. DOI:10.20377/jfr-689
Abstract
"Objective: This study tests the effects of work-family conflict, in both directions, on partners' agreement on fertility preferences among dual-earner couples, as well as whether this relationship varies by women's employment status. Background: Few studies have examined the relationship between work-family conflict and fertility preferences. Given the high percentages of women working part-time in Germany, it is important to investigate the role working women’s employment status plays to further understand this relationship. Method: Using data from 716 dual-earner couples in Wave 10 of the German Family Panel (pairfam), we use dyadic data analysis to test whether work-family conflict impacts one’s own ("actor effects") and/or one’s partner’s ("partner effects") reports of agreement on fertility preferences. We also run multi-group analyses to compare whether these effects vary in "full-time dual-earner" versus "modernized male breadwinner" couples. Results: There are significant actor effects for family-to-work conflict in both types of couples, and for work-to-family conflict in modernized male breadwinner couples only. Partner effects for family-to-work conflict exist only among modernized male breadwinner couples. While there are no gender differences in actor or partner effects, results suggest differences in the partner effect (for family-to-work conflict only) between these two couple types. Conclusion: These findings indicate that work-family conflict is associated with greater partner disagreement on fertility preferences and highlight the differential impact incompatible work and family responsibilities have on fertility decisions when women work full-time versus part-time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Parents' nonstandard work schedules and parents' perception of adolescent social and emotional wellbeing (2022)
Zitatform
Li, Jianghong, Hannah Kenyon Lair, Jakob Schӓfer & Garth Kendall (2022): Parents' nonstandard work schedules and parents' perception of adolescent social and emotional wellbeing. In: Journal of Family Research, Jg. 34, H. 2, S. 782-801. DOI:10.20377/jfr-776
Abstract
"Objective: We investigated the association between joint parents' work schedules and parent-reported adolescent mental health and test parental time for adolescents and parenting style as mediators. Background: Increasing evidence shows that parents' evening/night/irregular work schedules have a negative impact on children’s physical and mental health. Few studies examine adolescents and joint parental work schedules. Method: We analysed one wave of the Australian Raine Study data, focusing on adolescents who were followed up at ages 16-17 and lived in dual earner-households (N=607). Adolescent mental health was measured in the Child Behavioural Checklist (morbidity, internalising behaviour, externalising behaviour, anxiety/depression). Parental work schedules were defined as: both parents work standard daytime schedules (reference), both parents work evening/night/irregular shifts; fathers work evening/night/irregular shifts - mothers day schedules, mothers work evening/night/irregular shifts - fathers daytime schedules. We estimated a linear regression model with robust standard errors and log transformation of the dependent variables. Results: Compared to the reference group, when one or both parents worked evening/night/irregular schedules, there was a significant increase in parent-reported total morbidity, externalizing behaviour and anxiety/depression in adolescents. Fathers’ only evening/night/irregular schedules was associated with a significant increase in parent-reported total morbidity and externalizing behaviour. Inconsistent parenting partially mediated this association. Mothers’ only evening/night/irregular schedules was not significantly associated with parent-reported adolescent mental health. Conclusion: Our findings underscore the importance of fathers' work-family balance with implications for adolescent mental health." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Couples' Life Courses and Women's Income in Later Life: A Multichannel Sequence Analysis of Linked Lives in Germany (2022)
Zitatform
Möhring, Katja & Andreas P. Weiland (2022): Couples' Life Courses and Women's Income in Later Life: A Multichannel Sequence Analysis of Linked Lives in Germany. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 38, H. 3, S. 371-388. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcab048
Abstract
"We examine how the life courses of couples in East and West Germany are linked to women’s income in later life using multichannel sequence analysis. By applying a couple perspective, we overcome the individualistic approach in most previous research analysing women’s old-age income. Detailed monthly information on spouses’ employment and earnings trajectories from age 20 to 50 for the birth cohorts 1925–1965 (N = 2020) stems from SHARE-RV, a data linkage of the administrative records of the German public pension insurance with the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). We identify seven clusters of couples’ life courses and link them to women’s absolute individual and relative household income in later life using a cohort comparison to identify trends over time. While in older cohorts, women in male-breadwinner type clusters achieve the lowest, and those in dual-earner type couples have the highest incomes, this relationship does no longer prevail in younger cohorts. Here, we identify a polarization in dual-earner and male-breadwinner type clusters. The former increasingly diverge into successful female-breadwinner constellations and those with both partners in marginalized careers. The latter polarize between persistent male-breadwinner constellations and those in which women increase their labor market engagement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Couples, Careers, and Spatial Mobility (2022)
Zitatform
Nassal, Lea & Marie Paul (2022): Couples, Careers, and Spatial Mobility. (CReAM discussion paper 2022,20), London, 60 S.
Abstract
"We investigate the effects of long-distance moves of married couples on both spouses’ earnings, employment and job characteristics based on a new administrative dataset from Germany. Employing difference-in-difference propensity score matching and accounting for spouses’ premove employment biographies, we show that men’s earnings increase significantly after the move, whereas women suffer large losses in the first years. Men’s earnings increases are mainly driven by increasing wages and switches to slightly larger and better paying firms. Investigating effect heterogeneity with respect to pre-move relative earnings or for whose job opportunity couples move, confirms strong gender asymmetries in gains to moving." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Abseits der Norm? Egalitäre Teilzeitarrangements während des Elterngeldbezuges. Ausgestaltung und Motivlagen (2022)
Zitatform
Reich, Ricarda (2022): Abseits der Norm? Egalitäre Teilzeitarrangements während des Elterngeldbezuges. Ausgestaltung und Motivlagen. In: Berliner Journal für Soziologie, Jg. 32, H. 4, S. 563-597. DOI:10.1007/s11609-022-00468-8
Abstract
"Mit der Einführung von Elterngeld Plus und Partnerschaftsbonus 2015 wird die Umsetzung egalitärer Teilzeitarrangements erstmals institutionell gestützt. Dieser Beitrag untersucht, inwieweit sich Eltern in Deutschland für ein solches Erwerbsarrangement im Rahmen der Elterngeldnutzung entscheiden, auf welche Weise die neuen Elterngeldkomponenten genutzt werden und wie die Erwerbs- und Elterngeldentscheidungen auf der Individual- und Paarebene begründet werden. Empirische Grundlage sind semi-strukturierte Interviews mit 18 Personen aus zehn gemischtgeschlechtlichen Paaren, die sich für eine parallele Teilzeitphase während des Elterngeldbezuges entschieden haben. Es zeigt sich, dass die paarinterne Aufteilung des Elterngeldanspruchs überwiegend geschlechts(stereo)typisch erfolgt und parallele Teilzeitphasen zumeist von kurzer Dauer sind. Die Begründungen für eine egalitäre Teilzeitphase sind vielfältig und variieren mit deren Dauer: Kurze egalitäre Teilzeitepisoden dienen primär der Bewältigung verschiedener Übergangsphasen. Die Entscheidung für ein egalitäres Teilzeitarrangement von langer Dauer beruht hingegen auf egalitären Werthaltungen oder beruflichen Zwängen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag)
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Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehrende – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug